The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life The First 10 Years 1998 – 2008

Brandeis University The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years

n March 2008, the Center celebrates its 10-year anniversary with The mission of the International

a special event that looks at the next 10 years of a rapidly changing Center for Ethics, Justice, and I world. We thought that it also was a good time to look back at a Public Life is to develop decade of the Center’s work. So we present this report, which recounts our effective responses to confict history and shares some impressions of people whose lives and work have and injustice by offering been infuenced by their association with the Center. In turn, the Center innovative approaches has been infuenced by the students, academics, and practitioners who to coexistence, strengthening have enriched our work. For everyone who has been a part of the Center, we the work of international courts, thank you for collaborating with us as we explore ways to foster coexistence and encouraging ethical practice and justice in the world. in civic and professional life. Table of Contents

The International Center for Ethics, 2 Justice, and Public Life: A History Developed through discussions between Brandeis President Jehuda Reinharz and Abraham Feinberg, the Center since 1998 has focused on efforts to foster international justice and coexistence.

Highlights of the Center’s Work 6 The Center has engaged its constituents through fag- ship programs such as the Alan B. Slifka Program in Intercommunal Coexistence, as well as publications, events, activities, and courses.

A World of Justice 8 International judges from courts and tribunals around the world have found a network and a chance to learn from one another through the Brandeis Pro- grams in International Justice and Society.

A Broadening Experience 10 Supplemented by coursework related to the experi- ence, the Ethics Center Student Fellowship offers Brandeis sophomores and juniors a chance to experi- ence summer internships in organizations of their choice all over the world.

A Course to End Confict 12 The Master of Arts in Coexistence and Confict trains mid-career professionals with a curriculum that spans the theory and practice of solving intercommu- nal disputes.

The Art of Reconciliation 14 The Center brings together the artistic community to address moral questions and social-justice issues.

The International Advisory Board 17 The board, which includes members from politics, law, scholarship, activism, the arts, and other felds, has helped shape the Center’s work. The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: A History

he International Center for attention to issues of diversity, inclu- “Ethical Conduct in every phase of life, Ethics, Justice, and Public siveness, and coexistence to all aspects and in every place in the world and T Life has always built on key of the campus. amongst all people in the world re- ideas and trends central to the mis- In 1994, newly installed presi- gardless of the diversity of culture and sion of Brandeis University. From dent Jehuda Reinharz began a series religion, or format of government.” its earliest days, Brandeis has had a of conversations with Abraham D. The idea of a center soon turned strong international dimension, build- Feinberg of New York City, a promi- into action, with the understanding ing frst on the experience of faculty nent businessman with extensive com- that the University would seek to ex- members newly arrived in the United mitments in the U.S. and Israel. Abe plore and promote ethics in the broad- States from Europe, and followed Feinberg had served as chair of the est sense of the word, building bridges closely by the establishment of the Brandeis board of trustees from 1954 between academic and professional Wien Scholars program, a landmark to 1961, but he had maintained only life in the United States and around scholarship program for undergradu- intermittent contact with the Univer- the world. There was one important ate students from outside of the U.S. sity in the intervening years. existing model of this kind of activ- The University’s commitment He and President Reinharz ity at the University, the Humanities to active engagement with issues of together fashioned the idea of a new and the Professions program. Since social justice is refected in its history institution at Brandeis devoted to 1981, H&P, as it was known, had been of faculty and student activism, and ethical ideals and insights, drawing offering programs led by Brandeis the enshrinement of social justice as inspiration from the moral teachings faculty on values and ethics for judges one of the “four pillars of Brandeis.” and standards of the ancient Israelites, and other professionals using literary The strong Brandeis connections to but not tied to any particular religious texts as the basis of discussion. The the worldwide Jewish community have tradition. In a letter to President Rein- H&P model of engaging professional brought heightened awareness and harz, Feinberg cited his concern with communities, combined with Brandeis

Abraham Feinberg (left) and Brandeis President Jehuda Reinharz (center) fashioned the idea of a new institution at Brandeis devoted to ethical ideals and insights. • (right) Founding director Daniel Terris has led the Center throughout its history.

2 The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years Timeline

1981: Brandeis University establishes The university would seek to more than a dozen years later. Fol- the Humanities and Professions pro- lowing the establishment of a long- gram, which brings together judges explore and promote ethics in the term plan, a generous gift from Abe and other professionals to discuss Feinberg launched the Center, with a values and ethics through the use of broadest sense of the word, build- literary texts. formal opening in March 1998. ing bridges between academic 1994: President Jehuda Reinharz and professional life in the United Early Years discusses the concept of an ethics In its early years, the Center initi- center with Abraham Feinberg, sec- States and around the world. ated a broad range of projects, refect- ond chair of the Brandeis University Board of Trustees. ing both the diverse interests within the Brandeis community and the array July 1994-November 1996: President of suggestions from the thinkers who Reinharz chairs a committee, under strengths in international affairs, helped launch its work. Three major the leadership of Daniel Terris, to social justice, and diversity, provided a initiatives at the very beginning were create a long-range plan for an ethics strong foundation. designed to embody the range of com- center at Brandeis. As part of the planning process mitments and priorities for this new June 13-14, 1995: Leading thinkers meet for the Center, Brandeis convened a institution. at Brandeis for a session entitled gathering of scholars, writers, activists, First came an investment in the “Ethics and Social Justice in Interna- artists, political leaders, and others in University and the future of ethics and tional Perspective,” in which they dis- 1995 to suggest ideas and directions justice, in the form of the establish- cuss possible themes of the Center. for the new institution. The two-day ment of the Ethics Center Student November 1996: Abraham Feinberg gathering, featuring such prominent Fellowship program. The program, pledges a $13 million gift to launch guests as Sissela Bok, Arthur Caplan which continues to this day, provides the International Center for Ethics, ’71, Zanele Mbeki, Michael Sandel ’75, Brandeis undergraduates with the Justice, and Public Life to be based and Bishop Krister Stendahl, produced opportunity to work abroad in a non- at Brandeis University. Daniel Terris an extraordinary range of possibili- governmental organization for eight becomes founding director. Arthur Green is named academic director. ties that are still serving as a source of to 10 weeks in the summer, and to inspiration and programming ideas, integrate their experience with course- September 21-26, 1997: Professor Sari Nusseibeh, president of Al-Quds University in Jerusalem, comes to Brandeis as the frst Distinguished Visitor of the Ethics Center for a week-long residency entitled “Values and Politics: A Palestinian’s Perspective.”

Fall 1997: Sixteen Brandeis International Fellows are selected from the Middle East, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and the former Yugoslavia to design and document a coexistence project in their respective regions.

December 1997: Eight Brandeis under- (Above) The inaugural recipients of the Ethics Center graduates are named as the frst group of Ethics and Coexistence Student Fellowships, launched in 1997 to provide Student Fellows. Brandeis undergraduates the opportunity to work abroad and to integrate their experience with course- 1998: The Center sponsors seminars work on campus. • (left) Theodore Sorensen, interna- in Israel on professional ethics for tional lawyer and former special assistant to President physicians, military personnel, and John F. Kennedy, has chaired the Center’s international civil servants. advisory board since its inception.

The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years 3 The Brandeis Institute for to refect on theory, share practices, thinkers and professionals from such discuss issues of ethics, and develop felds as politics, law, diplomacy, and International Judges is the world’s cooperative projects. The frst-round academia, has played an active role only regular gathering of jurists fellows — from South Africa, the in the development of many of the Middle East, Sri Lanka, and the former Center’s hallmark programs, especially who serve on a broad range Yugoslavia — met three times between the Brandeis Institute for International of the world’s international courts 1997 and 1999, forging alliances that Judges. remain active to this day. Honoring Abe Feinberg’s com- and tribunals. Early leadership for the Center mitment to Israel, many of the earliest came from within Brandeis. Founding efforts of the Center focused on the director Daniel Terris built on his work Middle East. The Center sponsored on race and ethnicity as a scholar of seminars on ethics for Israeli profes- work on campus in the spring and fall history and literature, and his leader- sionals in the military, medicine, and semesters. ship of the University’s division of civil service, in cooperation with the Second, the Center invited as summer, special, and continuing stud- Jerusalem Foundation and Mishkenot its frst “distinguished visitor” the ies. The Center also benefted from Sha’ananim. Sari Nusseibeh joined the Palestinian philosopher and university the involvement as academic direc- Center’s advisory board after his 1997 president Sari Nusseibeh, who spent tor of the Center of Professor Arthur visit to campus, and he and President a week on campus in fall 1997, giving Green, himself both a distinguished Reinharz later forged a full-fedged talks and engaging in conversation scholar of Jewish thought and a leader partnership between Al-Quds Uni- with Brandeis students and faculty. of important academic and communal versity and Brandeis. And a series of The invitation to Nusseibeh exem- institutions. ambitious projects bringing together plifed the Center’s commitment to In 1999, President Reinharz Israelis, Palestinians, Jordanians, dialogue and difference, as well as to appointed the frst members of the and others in the region have been a the highest academic standards. Center’s international advisory board, hallmark of the work of the Center and Third, the Center announced the under the chairmanship of Theodore the Slifka Program in Intercommunal Brandeis International Fellows pro- C. Sorensen, the legendary inter- Coexistence. gram, which brought together working national lawyer and former special practitioners in the coexistence and assistant to President John F. Kennedy. Coexistence and Justice confict feld from around the globe The board, which has included leading By the turn of the 21st century, the Center’s work had focused on three key areas: coexistence and confict, international justice, and the establish- ment of a vibrant Brandeis campus presence on issues of ethics and social justice, considered broadly. The Center has nurtured new approaches to issues of confict around the world through the Slifka Pro- gram in Intercommunal Coexistence, established with the support of Alan B. Slifka in 2002. The Slifka Program, launched following three years of

Alan Slifka, whose support established the Slifka Program in Intercommunal Coexistence in 2002, speaks with students at the launch of the Master of Arts in Coexistence and Confict program.

4 The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years March 26, 1998: The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life is formally dedicated. The preparatory work, trains mid-career engages a select group of undergradu- event features remarks by Brandeis professionals in the feld in its Master ates deeply and consistently; other pro- International Fellow Naomi Tutu and Michael Sandel ’75 in a panel discus- of Arts in Coexistence and Confict grams reach broader constituencies, sion entitled “The Ethics of Building program; serves as a worldwide hub as the Center seeks to give Brandeis Peace.” for theory and practice at the intersec- students the tools to embark on a life- tion of arts and reconciliation; and long engagement in public life. March 29, 1998: The Ethics Center joins contributes to the feld of coexistence The Center’s activities vary the Abraham Fund to sponsor “Inter- practice. widely — by location, by discipline, ethnic Coexistence: Shaping Educa- tion for an Emerging Global Field,” The fagship program of the Cen- by format, by participants. Binding which launches the frst of a series of ter’s programs in international justice them together is the ongoing effort publications. and society is the Brandeis Institute to create and disseminate knowl- for International Judges. Established edge. The Center is not a think tank, January-April 1998: Brandeis Seminars in 2002, the BIIJ, led by advisory producing policy reports and seeking in Humanities and the Professions offers a series of literature-based board member Richard Goldstone, short-term infuence among power seminars to the Waltham Police is the world’s only regular gathering brokers. Nor is the Center a non-gov- Department about the ethical dimen- of jurists who serve on a broad range ernmental organization, designed to sions of their work. of the world’s international courts create programs with active impact and tribunals. The BIIJ and satellite at a community level. It is instead a Fall 1998: From Ford Hall, slated for programs for judges on national courts university center, focused on helping demolition to make space for a new student center, the Ethics Center allow judges to work together on individuals and organizations develop- moves into its own home in the advances in law, court administration, ing the clearest thinking that can lead Ridgewood Cottages. and judicial dialogue, providing them to action. Its emphasis is not on imag- a unique forum to exchange candid ining utopian solutions, but instead December 5, 1998: Abraham Feinberg, ideas and build a vital network. on developing thoughtful and effective whose gift to Brandeis launched the Ethics Center, dies in New York. On campus, the Center serves as approaches to complex problems. It is a hub for events, conferences, and con- this sense of “approach” that character- April 1999: The Alan B. Slifka Founda- versations that engage students and izes the Center’s work: what matters tion commits a gift to Brandeis over faculty from around the university on is fnding the means and methods to three years to launch a new initiative issues of ethics, justice, and diversity. move forward towards humankind’s in intercommunal coexistence, which The Ethics Center Student Fellowship most ambitious goals. focuses on undergraduate courses, undergraduate co-curricular activities, and publications.

June 1999: Theodore C. Sorensen, former special assistant to President John F. Kennedy, agrees to serve as chair of the International Advisory Board for the Ethics Center.

September 21-22, 1999: The Brandeis Ini- tiative in Intercommunal Coexistence is formally launched with a program entitled “Coexistence and Commu- nity-building at Brandeis University and in the World.”

January 2000: The Campus Coexistence Leadership Team begins its two-year work to address issues of coexistence on the Brandeis campus. • Designed to shape public-policy debate, the A fagship program of the Center, the Brandeis Institute for International Judges hosts jurists “New Public Education” project be- who serve on the world’s international courts and tribunals. Here judges gather in Senegal gins under the Center’s auspices. during the fourth BIIJ in January 2006.

The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years 5 Highlights of the Center’s Work

ver the decade of its existence, the International Center for Ethics, • Recasting Reconciliation Justice, and Public Life has sought to develop effective approaches to through Culture and the Arts: O coexistence and justice through research, education, and collaboration. A Virtual Collection. Papers, portfolios, Some highlights of the Center’s work follow. analysis, and recommendations for artists, cultural workers, peacebuilders, students, Flagship Programs Selected Publications scholars, and policymakers interested in the contributions of culture and the arts to • Alan B. Slifka Program • Brandeis Institute for International coexistence and reconciliation, assembled in Intercommunal Coexistence Judges – Reports. Chronicles of the insti- under the leadership of Cynthia E. Cohen. The program generates and disseminates tutes at which judges from international knowledge useful to practitioners of courts and tribunals around the world coexistence and related felds, and engages refect on the philosophical aspects and Selected Events students and other members of the larger practical challenges of their work. Brandeis community in the theory and • Literary Responses to Mass Violence practice of coexistence. Its principal com- • Ethics at Work: Creating Virtue at an The event brought together writers and ponents are a Master of Arts in Coexistence American Corporation by Center Director scholars from Africa, the Middle East, and and Confict; Coexistence Research and Daniel Terris. An assessment of the ethics the United States to refect on the writing International Collaborations; Coexistence program at Lockheed Martin, one of the and testimony International; and Peace, Confict, and Co- world’s largest defense contractors. that has been existence Studies, an undergraduate minor. published in • The International the wake of • Brandeis Institute for Judge: An Introduction the Holocaust, International Judges to the Men and Women South African The institute provides international judges Who Decide the apartheid, and with the opportunity to meet and discuss World’s Cases by Daniel the genocide in critical issues concerning the theory and Terris and Leigh Swigart Rwanda, among practice of international justice, bringing of the Center and Cesare other recent together judges serving on international Romano of Loyola tragedies. courts and tribunals around the world to Law School. Based on refect on both the philosophical aspects interviews with more than 30 international • Telling the Story: Power and and practical challenges of their work. judges, this book is the frst comprehen- Responsibility in Documenting sive portrait of the men and women in this Human Rights Violations • Ethics Center Student Fellowship new global profession. This two-day event promoted an elevated The fellowship offers Brandeis sopho- awareness of the complex processes and mores and juniors an opportunity to • The Psychology of Resolving Global decisions that go into documenting hu- embark on a summer internship in an Conflicts, co-edited by Mari Fitzduff, man rights violations, and provided an organization of their choice anywhere in professor of coexistence and director of opportunity for practitioners of human the world. It includes a course preceding the Master of Arts in Coexistence and rights documentation to explore these pro- the internship to prepare the students for Confict program in the Slifka Program on cesses and decisions in a multidisciplinary the experience and a course following to Intercommunal Coexistence. The three-vol- framework. put the experience in perspective. ume set explains how men and women are transformed into perpetrators of genocide, how neighbors become sworn enemies, the cultural and psychological origins of war, and the neuropsychology of confict.

6 The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years March 7, 2000: The Ethic Center’s Inter- national Advisory Board meets for the frst time in New York City. • Local Action/Global Impact • A New Public Education December 12, 2000: “Prevention and Fourteen sessions sponsored by 27 differ- A project designed to engage educators, Intervention: The Lessons of Kosovo” ent student clubs and academic depart- politicians, and the public in a disciplined features Justice Richard Goldstone ments helped Brandeis students think of and deliberative process to redefne and and members of the Independent In- themselves as renew public education in Massachusetts. ternational Commission on Kosovo. social change January 29, 2001: Pete Seeger and Jane agents, and Sapp present “Building Community how they can Selected Courses through Songs of Social Justice” as amplify local part of Seeger’s two-day residency action for a • Strategies for Coexistence Interven- with the Brandeis Initiative in Inter- broader impact. tions Taught by Mari Fitzduff, director of communal Coexistence. the Master of Arts in Coexistence and Con- March 29, 2001: “Native American fict, the course studies the utilization of a Places: Mapping Coexistence,” variety of multifaceted approaches to policy presented by Louis Garcia, Honorary • Pieces of the Coexistence Puzzle and practice in coexistence and confict in- Tribal Historian for the Spirit Lake The event examined the relationships that terventions, as well as the strategic design Dakota, discusses the Dakota people and the surrounding communities of exist between coexistence, democracy, and evaluation of such interventions. Euro-American settlers. human rights, gender, and development. During the conference, practitioners and • Coexistence, Cultural Work June 2001: The Center publishes Working scholars with a range of regional and and the Arts With Integrity: A Guidebook for Peace- thematic expertise refected on confict Taught by Cynthia Cohen, executive direc- builders Asking Ethical Questions, by situations and coexistence initiatives from tor of the Slifka Program in Intercommu- Cynthia Cohen. around the world, focusing on collaborative nal Coexistence, this course examines the October 2001: The year-long CHYME and complementary approaches. theory and practice of promoting coexis- (Community Histories by Youth in tence and reconciliation through cultural the Middle East) program begins, de- work and the arts. signed to create region-wide research Selected Activities projects that will enable Israeli, • September 11: Roots and Aftermath Palestinian, and Jordanian teenag- ers to share digital documentaries of • Community Histories by Youth In January 2002, Kanan Makiya and their stories. in the Middle East Center Director Daniel Terris offered the This project engaged Israeli, Jordanian, frst undergraduate course in the U.S. to November 13, 2001: The 2001-2003 and Palestinian professionals who work explore the events of September 11, 2001. Brandeis International Fellows in with youth in enhancing communication Guest lecturers spoke on topics such as Human Rights, Intervention and International Law host a discussion among young people from their three radical Islam, Western religion, the war on entitled “After September 11: The communities. terrorism, homeland security, and interna- View from Abroad.” tional law. • Brandeis International Fellowships January 2002: Daniel Terris and Kanan In three separate fellowships, guest schol- Makiya offer “September 11: Roots and Aftermath,” the frst undergradu- ars and practitioners worked on research, ate course in the U.S. to explore the writing, and education projects related to events of September 11, 2001. coexistence; human rights and internation- al law; and coexistence and the arts. Spring 2002: A $5 million gift establishes the Alan B. Slifka Program in Inter- • The Newcomers Among Us communal Coexistence. The Slifka Program’s components (a master’s This series brings together people who program, increased undergraduate work with immigrants and refugees in course offerings, and outreach) will the Boston area with the aim of building emphasize the ethical dimension of a network of professionals who can advise coexistence work and highlight the and consult one another in this critical and particular contributions of the arts and humanities to peace-building. growing feld.

The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years 7 A World of Justice The Brandeis Programs in International Justice and Society strengthen a burgeoning feld of law

hen the International Crim- says that the institute is unique in that West African Judicial Colloquia, which inal Court was just getting it brings together judges from differ- have emphasized the role of supreme W started, its president asked ent types of courts in a setting that court justices in promoting the rule of one of the more experienced judges, facilitates discussion. Program content law in the West African region; Know Navanethem Pillay, to write the court’s is geared toward issues, such as prec- Your Rights!, a project that aims to code of ethics. It was a daunting task, edent from other courts and judicial disseminate information about human with judges from different countries ethics, that concern all of the judges. and peoples’ rights in selected African debating the correct approach to take. “There’s really a very rich cross- languages; and Telling the Story, a But Pillay was prepared for the chal- fertilization of ideas when the judges conference that examined the process lenge, thanks to the Brandeis Institute get together from all of these different by which human rights violations are for International Judges (BIIJ). courts,” says Carter. “Because there documented and the reasons they are “I found the discussion at the are now so many courts and tribunals made public. Brandeis Institutes so relevant, so and over 200 international judges “All of these programs have topical for what I was doing,” says involved, it’s important for them to benefted from a multidisciplinary ap- Pillay. “For me, all that deliberation have a network, to know each other, to proach,” says Leigh Swigart, director of at Brandeis helped me develop that realize that there are people they can the Center’s programs in international particular project.” talk with about these issues.” justice and society, who was trained as For Pillay and other judges The BIIJ is the fagship program an anthropologist. “Law and legal insti- around the world, the BIIJ has offered of the Ethics Center’s Brandeis Pro- tutions are products of complex social new insights into the burgeoning feld grams in International Justice and So- processes. This feld is shaped by and of international justice as well as a ciety, which features events and pub- must respond to economic, political, chance to interact with and learn from lications examining various aspects of and cultural factors.” colleagues. Linda Carter, a profes- the international justice feld. Through Sanji Monageng, a commis- sor at the University of the Pacifc’s their participation in the BIIJ, many sioner in the African Commission McGeorge School of Law, has served judges have gone on to participate in on Human and People’s Rights, says as BIIJ co-director since 2006. She other Center activities, such as the that attending a BIIJ in 2004 was a “life-changing experience in terms of my work as a commissioner.” One of the mandates of the com- mission, according to Monageng, is to review decisions of the highest courts of African Union member states in order to determine whether they conform to human rights char- ters and treaties. Discussions at the BIIJ on “complementarity” between international tribunals and national courts — the notion that international justice institutions will intervene only when national jurisdictions are unable or unwilling to prosecute violators The Brandeis Programs in International Justice and Society work with international judges from — “helped me appreciate the prob- courts and tribunals throughout the world, including, above, the International Criminal Tribunal lems national courts face and also the for Rwanda. serious lack of appreciation at times of

8 The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years May 2002: With the Ridgewood Cottages scheduled for demolition, the Ethics Center moves to the Usdan Student “You emerge with greater courage Rights, which focused on the impor- Center. tance of a screening body fltering the when you meet colleagues who June 2002: The frst Brandeis Institute court’s cases. The courts also planned for International Judges (BIIJ) is have relied on international law.” future exchanges. held on the Brandeis campus, to “It was really fruitful,” says encourage the development of a new Navanethem Pillay Ouguergouz. “The African court has international jurisprudence. International Criminal much to beneft from the experiences January 22-June 29, 2003: In conjunc- Court judge of the European court.” tion with the exhibition “Coexistence: Until recently a member of the Contemporary Cultural Production in the application of human rights stan- European court, John Hedigan (now South Africa,” the Rose Art Museum dards by national courts,” she says. a judge on the High Court of Ireland) hosts “Held in Tension: Defning and Exhibiting the Arts in a Global Monageng also helped initi- says that he too appreciated the chance to work with a comparable court on is- Culture,” a symposium featuring ate the Know Your Rights! project. A scholars and artists from South Africa native of Botswana, she is well aware sues of mutual concern and “offer the and the United States. of the cultural and linguistic diversity benefts of the lessons we had had.” found throughout the African conti- Like Pillay, he drafted a code of April 1-3, 2003: The Brandeis Fellows nent and the challenges this poses to judicial ethics, for the European Court in Human Rights, Intervention, and of Human Rights. In the introduction, International Law convene in a making human rights information symposium entitled “Both Sides he cited the BIIJ as a source for inspi- accessible to all. “Women are nor- of the Bench.” mally the group that needs to know ration. Indeed, he raised the issue of a their rights most since they are the code of ethics with the court president July 20-26, 2003: The Center holds its most marginalized,” she notes, “so I after attending a BIIJ. second annual BIIJ in Salzburg, Austria, entitled “Authority and thought this would be a great help for The BIIJ also offered “a real chance to sit down and discuss things Autonomy: Defning the Role of them, and it looks like it will be.” International and Regional Courts.” From a different part of Africa, with colleagues from all these other Fatsah Ouguergouz of Algeria serves courts,” says Hedigan.” I thought the September 16-18, 2003: In conjunction as a judge of the African Court of Hu- institutes have been very well orga- with Ben Gurion University in Israel, man and Peoples’ Rights in Arusha, nized. They’ve managed the discus- the Center hosts “Literary Responses sions really well. That’s a very diffcult to Mass Violence,” featuring the Tanzania. At the second West African theme: “How do writers respond to thing to do with a bunch of judges!” Judicial Colloquium, he led sessions the legacy of political violence and with national judges from the region. The opportunity for judges to national catastrophes in Rwanda, the The event promoted the rule of law on interact with one another shouldn’t be Middle East, South Africa, Europe, the continent and brought together underestimated, says Pillay. Members and elsewhere?” judges who otherwise wouldn’t have of every other discipline meet, she notes, but international judges tend to October 22, 2003: In “Iraq Today: The the opportunity to meet, he says. View from Baghdad,” Kanan Makiya “The idea is to build up a kind of operate in isolation. speaks about working on the Iraqi network of judges in order to create a “You emerge with greater cour- constitution and developing the Iraq brotherhood between them,” he says. age when you meet colleagues who Memory Foundation. “The judges in the municipal judicial have relied on international law,” says Pillay. November 9-14, 2003: The 2003-04 systems are struggling for indepen- Brandeis International Fellows ex- And courage is something that dence, so I think it’s important for plore the theme “Recasting Reconcili- them to feel that they’re not alone. In international judges need, remarks ation Through Culture and the Arts.” case there’s a problem, they can count Swigart. “They work in institutions on the support of their colleagues.” that are often misunderstood by the June 28-July 3, 2004: The Center holds its third BIIJ in Salzburg, Austria, A participant in the most recent public and not given suffcient sup- port by governments. We hope that entitled “Complementarity and BIIJ, Ouguergouz says he particu- Cooperation: The Challenges of larly appreciated a break-out session our institutes and other programs can International Justice.” bringing together representatives of provide this professional group with his newly established court and those encouragement that might not be from the European Court of Human forthcoming from other quarters.”

The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years 9 A Broadening Experience The Ethics Center Student Fellowship inspires students to make connections and infuence lives the world over

n one unexpected moment, Wendi victimized by a “Dirty War” that was they meet and shape their own lives Adelson ’01 stared into the face perpetrated by people like the man and careers for years to come. I of death and also the face of who stood before her. The woman “Our students have seen frst- forgiveness. As a Brandeis student, patiently listened to him and thanked hand the challenges countries face she had traveled to Argentina for him for coming forward. “The coming out of confict and have made her internship as an Ethics Center meeting,” Adelson wrote when she a real difference in the lives of the Student Fellow (ECSF), working for returned to Brandeis from her sum- people they’ve worked with,” says Cen- the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, an mer internship, “was an example of ter associate director Marci McPhee, organization formed in response to forgiveness, not forgetting, necessary who has overseen the program since the disappearance of their children in forging bonds of reconciliation in- its inception. “Their Fellowships also under a military junta. On an other- tegral to the furthering of the fedgling have given them a new perspective wise ordinary Wednesday afternoon, a democracy of Argentina.” on the world and prepared them to be former military offcial walked into the The meeting was also an exam- change agents as they leave Brandeis offce unannounced. Adelson greeted ple of one memorable moment among and address complex issues.” him, and he told her his story, of being many others experienced by Student Devika Mahadevan ’00 says that in charge of a concentration camp, of Fellows over the 10 years of the pro- her Fellowship experience “guided all being responsible for the murders of gram, moments that show sometimes the steps I took after that.” From an more than 100 people, of the weight of painstaking steps toward newfound activist family, she came to Brandeis their deaths on his conscience over the coexistence and peace. Supplemented on a Wien Scholarship from her home past 20 years. He had come to fnd the by coursework related to the experi- of Bombay, India, planning to seek out legal means of addressing his crimes ence, the Fellowship offers Brandeis a way to make social change. The path but, most importantly, he had come sophomores and juniors a chance to to accomplish that goal wasn’t imme- for forgiveness. experience summer internships in or- diately clear when she arrived in China And he found it, from a mother ganizations of their choice all over the for her internship, when she began who had suffered the loss of a child world, to infuence the lives of people work for a fedgling UN development fund for women that had not yet

Brandeis students have traveled all over the world on ECSF internships, including (from left) Jamie Pottern ’09 in Kenya, Tova Neugut ’01 in Grenada, William Chalmus ’07 in New York, and Zach Sherwin ’02 in South Africa.

10 The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years September 2004: The frst cohort of students in the Master’s Program in The Ethics Center Student level of my own identity,” Singer- Coexistence and Confict arrives. • man says. “It’s made me more of an The Ethics Center moves from Usdan into the new Abraham Shapiro Fellowship experience “made me open person, a person more accept- Academic Complex. more of an open person, ing of different cultures and different traditions.” February 7-11, 2005: “Local Action, a person more accepting Like other ECSF alumni, Brahmy Global Impact: An Interactive Forum” of different cultures and different Poologasingham ’00 faced the excite- includes talks, workshops, a concert, ment and trepidation of learning about and an art-making session to explore traditions.” the interplay of local action and a new culture when she began her global change. internship in South Africa. A native of Benjamin Singerman ’99 Sri Lanka, she wrote that despite feel- February 10, 2005: “El Salvador to ing insecure in her new surroundings, Brandeis: The Search for Work, launched any projects. But she sought “I was determined to understand and Wages and Justice,” one of the events held during “Local Action, Global out people working for small NGOs take part in the coexistence efforts that on the grassroots level, who focused Impact,” inspires wage parity for all were taking place in the post-apartheid custodians working at Brandeis. on issues of women’s employment and South Africa.” domestic violence. Her work included collecting March 16, 2005: “Confict to Coexis- “I was exposed to a lot of women data to measure pollution levels in tence? The Task for Tomorrow’s Lead- leaders on the ground, so that was a poor township, where she saw the ers” celebrates the offcial launch of very empowering to me,” she says. “It the Master’s Program in Confict and hardships and health problems local Coexistence. increased my confdence a lot.” families faced. She stayed from 6 Today, she is running her own a.m. to 9 p.m. with one family, whose Spring 2005: Coexistence International, grassroots organization called Mobile members dressed in layers to ward off which strengthens the effectiveness Creches, which helps the children of the cold and welcomed her into their of coexistence networks, becomes a part of the Center. migrant workers on construction sites small home. In ensuing weeks, she in India be safe, healthy, and gain learned about their lives and those of June 2005: Brandeis University and Al- access to education. The organization other families and realized, she wrote, Quds University, an Arab institution provides schools on site and a compre- “that one cannot speak of coexistence in Jerusalem, launch a partnership hensive program for young children, and exclude social development.” designed to foster cultural under- who show her how she effects change Now an attorney, Poologas- standing through higher education. every day. ingham also worked for the Human August 2005: The Ethics and Coexis- For Benjamin Singerman ’99, Rights Commission of Johannesburg. tence Student Fellows program is the change the Fellowship brought She helped review human-rights renamed the Ethics Center Student was personal. Before traveling to complaints as the nation struggled to Fellowships, in order to broaden the Archidona, Ecuador, to help establish overcome apartheid-era policies. She scope of the program to felds such as human rights, the environment, a new museum of indigenous art in witnessed testimony at South Africa’s and economic development. the Amazon jungle, he had never left Truth and Reconciliation Commis- the United States. The experience, he sion, including from a woman and two September 15-16, 2005: Participants in says, “was incredibly transformative.” men who had killed her children. The “Telling the Story: Power and Re- Working in an isolated part of the testimony bespoke suffering, regret, sponsibility in Documenting Human country beginning to be developed, he and mercy, bringing tears to the eyes Rights Violations” seek to analyze witnessed confict between indigenous the process by which human rights of Poologasingham and many of the violations are documented and the people and newcomers. He explored spectators. As diffcult as they were to reasons they are made public. issues of race, ethnicity, and culture, watch, the proceedings ultimately of- and expanded his boundaries beyond fered hope for healing, she recounted. October 19-22, 2005: The Yuval Ron the geographical. Hope — for healing and coexis- Ensemble, a U.S.-based collaboration dedicated to fostering an understand- “By exploring what it meant to tence and justice in all corners of the be Ecuadorian or different aspects of ing of Middle Eastern cultures and world — has inspired Student Fellows religions, visits Brandeis for a brief Ecuadorian identity as an outsider, for 10 years and will for many more residency that coincides with a two- it caused me to refect on a different years and journeys to come. day conference on Israeli-Palestinian

The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years 11 A Course to End Confict The Master of Arts in Coexistence and Confict program teaches the theory and practice of solving intercommunal disputes

wo nations are on the brink master’s program are advancing and range of native countries enhance of war. Rebels have attacked a careers that will bring them to places the experience for fellow students, says T police station in one country. of confict all over the world where Olajide Olagunju of Nigeria, a 2006 In response, troops from that country their skills at forging coexistence will graduate of the program now pursuing cross the border to destroy a rebel be put to the test. Launched in 2004, his doctorate in legal anthropology at camp. A cycle of attacks and retalia- the 16-month program trains mid-ca- Brandeis. tions continues, sure to escalate unless reer professionals with a curriculum The students in the program, a neutral party intervenes. The last that spans the theory and practice of he says, “forced me to be less paro- best hope to resolve the confict lies solving intercommunal conficts, and a chial [and] made me open up more. It with mediators charged with motivat- fnal feld project that offers a hands- showed me something good about the ing both sides to agree to a cease-fre. on learning experience. Brandeis program, that you’re sensi- The outcome of the talks among the The program is led by Mari tive about your selection and you want delegations and mediators in a confer- Fitzduff, herself a noted practitioner to reach the world.” ence room far away from the fght- in the feld, with more than 20 years Those students often come from ing could forever change the lives of of international experience. Before countries beset by confict. Madhawa thousands of people and the futures of serving as the director of the program, Palihapitiya ’07 came to Brandeis two nations. she directed UNU/INCORE, one of from his native Sri Lanka, where he The scenario is daunting, even the world’s leading organizations for served as programs manager for the though it’s not actually real. But, in international research and consultancy Foundation for Co-Existence, working a class taught by Theodore Johnson work on coexistence and confict mat- on reconstruction, development, and called Dialogue and Mediation Skills, ters around the world, and previously confict. He was drawn to the program students in Brandeis’s Master of Arts served as the frst chief executive of to help him fnd practical answers for in Coexistence and Confict program the Northern Ireland Community a country contending with a long-run- are taking the simulated crisis seri- Relations Council, the foremost con- ning civil war. ously. After all, they may someday face fict resolution agency in her home “From the very beginning the such high-stakes confict resolution country. professors were very realistic,” he in their professional careers, and they The master’s students bring says. “They understood that there was want to be prepared. their own experience in the feld to the no set theory which explains confict Indeed, the students in the program. Their diverse backgrounds or explains violence, and no process that can be universally applicable in different numerous contexts to resolve violence. That felt really good because we have tried over the last 30 years everything imaginable.” Isabella Jean ’05 also worked to end violence in her native country of Armenia beginning as a teenager, when she helped launch an NGO that

Students in the Master of Arts in Coexistence and Confict program participate in a class taught by Mari Fitzduff. The program trains mid-career professionals in the theory and practice of solving intercommunal conficts.

12 The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years relations. November 9, 2005: Daniel Terris, director of the Ethics Center, discusses his “This training at Brandeis for me The class discusses the reasons book Ethics at Work: Creating Virtue why peace processes begin, including in an American Corporation as part of Brandeis’s “Meet the Author” series. is to enhance my work a stalemate that hurts combatants, the as a peacemaker, a mediator, intervention of a third-party power, December 2005: Greenwood Press and when an end picture emerges. publishes the three-volume set The as a leader in the African Ultimately, Fitzduff says, “Peace Psychology of Resolving Global Conficts, community who believes that once processes start when each side realizes co-edited by Mari Fitzduff, director of they have to include the other in the the Masters Program in Coexistence and Confict. we stop learning we just die.” solution.” She intersperses stories of her January 3-6, 2006: The fourth Brandeis Olajide Olagunju of Nigeria own experiences in Northern Ireland Institute for International Judges, held 2006 graduate of the program with information about peace process- in Dakar, Senegal, assembles partici- es in other countries. And she injects pants from nine international courts and commissions. organized a youth peace conference. more tough-minded realism: moral After college in the U.S., she studied arguments usually hold no sway, she January 9-11, 2006: Immediately following other youth peacebuilding efforts in notes. Resolutions, rather than leaving the BIIJ, the West African Judicial Col- countries around the world, but “I felt the feeling that both sides won, feel loquium takes place in Dakar. Interna- like without a master’s degree there more like both sides lost, and each tional judges discuss with high-court judges from 12 West African nations were no doors open to me to opportu- side wants to lose least. interconnections between national nities that would engage my skills at a The lesson ingrained in the and international judiciaries. more interesting level.” students, says Olagunju, is to try to Now a consultant for several understand the interests of different March 9, 2006: The International Advi- NGOs, Jean says that Fitzduff’s experi- parties. sory Board presents “The Long View: ence and the ability to learn from a “Our work is not about getting Distinguished Leaders Focus on World Problems We Ignore at Our Peril.” small group of colleagues attracted her you to think like me, but getting me to to the inaugural class of the program. appreciate the way you think and get- May 2006: A worldwide controversy “Instead of just reading about ting you to appreciate the way I think, erupts over the “Voices of Palestine” theories and reading confict litera- and creating a forum where we can exhibit, a student project produced in ture that I was already familiar with, I both coexist in spite of the fact that we one of the courses offered under the auspices of the Center. wanted to roll up my sleeves and en- feel very strongly differently,” he says. gage in conversation and some more An attorney who co-founded September 11, 2006: “9/11: Brandeis practical hands-on ideas,” she says. a mediation center in Nigeria and Refects Five Years Later,” a series of Those ideas are evident in a has written several books on confict programs at Brandeis, considers the session of Fitzduff’s class Coexistence resolution, Olagunju hopes to train implications of a world-shaping mo- and Confict: Theory and Analysis. mediators in his home country and ment in history and explores a vision of a better world. “Work in reality is what we do here,” internationally in confict resolution. she says near the beginning of the In that work, he will draw on his own February 12-15, 2007: For the Center’s frst class, as discussions range from the life experience, plus a large dose of the Distinguished Practitioner Residency, allure many young men feel toward master’s program, he says. Dr. Mohamed Bakarr, assistant direc- warfare to the effcacy of peacekeeping “This training at Brandeis for me tor general of the World Agroforestry Centre in Kenya, discusses the balance forces. is to enhance my work as a peacemak- of biodiversity and human needs in “Mari has a way of creating an er, a mediator, as a leader in the Afri- sub-Saharan Africa. open space and she doesn’t necessar- can community who believes that once ily give you solutions or thrust it on we stop learning we just die,” Olagun- March 15-16, 2007: Coexistence Interna- you,” says Palihapitiya. “She creates ju says. “Anyone who comes to do the tional hosts “Pieces of the Coexistence a process of learning which I think is Master’s in Coexistence and Confict Puzzle,” which focuses on resolving conficts and creating peace in divided and does it the way I did, which is to quite unique. She challenges you to societies, with specialists working think beyond the theory. For people be ready to learn from those who have in felds such as democracy, human like us who have come from the feld, experience, will be changed and will rights, gender, and development. it makes a lot of sense.” defnitely impact society.”

The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years 13 The Art of Reconciliation Ethics Center initiatives showcase the power of literature, theatre, art, and music to forge reconciliation and coexistence

harles Mulekwa watched a pression, the world had been brought the world. It’s one example of how performance from another a bit closer. the Center brings together the artistic C continent, another culture, “This suffering of his people community to address moral ques- another world away from his native and my people, and we are talking,” tions and social-justice issues, show- Uganda. At Brandeis, members of he recalled. “We’ve met in America, casing the power of literature, theatre, the Peruvian theatre company Grupo and we’re talking. That space where art, and music to forge reconciliation Cultural Yuyachkani portrayed people the thinking goes to, where you realize and coexistence. in their country being forced off buses that you’re not alone, becomes very The Center also has hosted and taken away. The same thing, Mule- important in this initiative.” events such as “The Arts of Building kwa realized, had happened in his own That event brought together Peace,” which explored how visual country. authors working on an anthology arts, theater, and cultural work contrib- Mulekwa, a playwright, later that will feature contributions from ute to coexistence and reconciliation; spoke to one of the performers from Mulekwa and many others spanning “Recasting Reconciliation through Peru during the event called “Acting the work of theatre artists and cultural Culture and the Arts,” an international Together on the World Stage.” And workers in confict regions around fellowship of artists and cultural work- through shared pain and artistic ex-

The Ethics Center has hosted many perfor- mances over the past 10 years that highlight the power of the arts to foster coexistence. Some examples include (this page, from left) singer and social-justice activist Pete Seeger; performer, songwriter, and educator Jane Sapp; the Yuval Ron Ensemble, which is dedi- cated to fostering an understanding of Middle Eastern cultures and religions; (next page) Grupo Cultural Yuyachkani, a theatre group from Peru that accompanies the country’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission; and (page 16) the Amazones, women master drummers of Guinea.

14 The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years July 23-28, 2007: The ffth Brandeis In- stitute for International Judges, held ers who documented and refected on gram in Intercommunal Coexistence in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, their work; and “Literary Responses and director of Coexistence Research addresses the theme “Independence to Mass Violence,” which brought to- and International Collaborations, who and Interdependence: the Delicate Balance of International Justice.” gether writers to refect on the writing has researched and written extensively and testimony that has been published on the artistic dimensions of coexis- October 4-8, 2007: “Acting Together on in the wake of the Holocaust, South tence. She also has collaborated with the World Stage: Setting the Scene for African apartheid, and the genocide in many artists from cultural centers that Peace” explores the contributions of Rwanda, among other recent tragedies. seek to heal the wounds of violence theatre and ritual to coexistence. Scott Edmiston, the founder and in their home countries. Examples October 8-10, 2007: Held in Accra, director of the University’s Offce of include the Reyum Institute of Art Ghana, the second West African Judi- the Arts, touts such efforts as central and Culture in Cambodia, Artist Proof cial Colloquium, entitled “Promoting to Brandeis’s founding mission. Studio in South Africa, and drumming Judicial Independence and Access “It’s important to me that the groups in several African nations. to Global Jurisprudence,” aims to arts and the values of this university In one piece, she wrote about the further efforts to create a network among supreme and high court are linked in a way that’s signifcant power of such efforts to inspire rec- judges in West Africa. and meaningful,” he says. “And I onciliation: “In divided communities think the Ethics Center is a key part where violence has impaired people’s October 26-28, 2007: Ethics Center of that. In a way that Brandeis was a capacities to listen, artists can use Student Fellows celebrate 10 years of cause when it was founded, that cause the qualities of receptivity to facilitate the program in the “ECSF Extrava- ganza.” Fourteen ECSF alumni give — education and justice for all — is expression, healing, and reciprocal presentations and the Brandeis Play- really originating in the Ethics Center. understanding. The qualities of listen- back Theatre Society performs. That’s become the heart of this univer- ing associated with aesthetic attention sity in a way that grows signifcantly — alert but calm, emotional but cog- October 30-November 2, 2007: During every year.” nitively aware, engaged but detached a four-day residency at Brandeis, Leading the Ethics Center’s — are precisely the kinds of presence forensic anthropologist Dr. William Haglund, United Nations Senior initiatives in the arts is Cynthia Cohen, that can help people put their experi- Forensic Advisor for the International executive director of the Slifka Pro- ences into words. Also, artists’ listen- Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia, and senior consultant to Physicians for Human Rights, speaks about his work at mass-grave sites and its implications for international justice.

November 2007: Coauthored by the Center’s Daniel Terris and Leigh Swigart in collaboration with Cesare P. R. Romano, The International Judge: An Introduction to the Men and Women Who Decide the World’s Cases is published. The book is inspired by the Center’s work with international judges.

March 13, 2008: The Ethics Center celebrates 10 years with a program, “The Next 10 Years: The Ethics Center Looks Ahead,” a keynote address by Judge Thomas Buergenthal of the International Court of Justice, and a gala dinner.

The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years 15 ing to those who have been trauma- lens you can do that through.” tized by violence can begin to restore Roberto Varea says he has seen a victim’s capacity and willingness to the connection between arts and hear the stories and experiences of the peacebuilding through his work as a other.” theater director and professor. Grow- Brandeis Professor Judith Eis- ing up during a military dictatorship in “It’s important to me senberg knows about the power of lis- Argentina, “The theater always created that the arts and the values tening through her own performances a space for us to talk about things that as a member of the Lydian String we otherwise could not,” he says. of this university are linked Quartet at Brandeis. As the founder The Center has given him space in a way that’s signifcant and of MusicUnitesUS, which seeks to to do something remarkable too, as he further the understanding and ap- relates. Varea joined Mulekwa and oth- meaningful. And I think the preciation of diverse cultures through er artists for “Acting Together on the Ethics Center is a key part of that. ” music, she has collaborated with the World Stage,” when he spoke about Center on an intercultural residency the connections that were forged with Scott Edmiston, director series that brings musicians from people from different cultures who Offce of the Arts, around the world to campus. Through share more than they ever imagined. Brandeis University performances and interaction with the “I feel that one of the stron- Brandeis community, the residency gest ways in which I can see myself addresses questions of social justice transform through this process is by and peaceful coexistence in the global just feeling less alone, in terms of a community, she says. very personal connection,” Varea says. “My attachment to the Center is “Somebody whose life and experiences its perspective that peacemaking has in Uganda could be so removed from to come from the people, and under- my sense of self actually are so much a standing people’s needs and visions,” part of my sense of self.” says Eissenberg, “and that Cindy’s And the world had been brought particular stance is that the arts is a a bit closer.

16 The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years The International Advisory Board

he Advisory Board, which includes members from politics, law, scholar- ship, activism, the arts, and other felds, has helped shape the Center’s T work through formal annual meetings and frequent informal contact. Members of the board, with their dates of service, follow:

THEODORE C. SORENSEN, CHAIR AHMEDOU OULD -ABDALLAH (2000-present) (2002-present) MORTON ABRAMOWITZ MICHAEL R ATNER ’66 (2003-2007) (2006-present)

DIEGO ARRIA JUDITH SCHNEIDER (2000-present) (2000-2005)

JAMES CARROLL GEORGE P. SHULTZ (2000-present) (2000-2002)

HANS CORELL PAUL SIMON (2005-present) (2000-2002)

RICHARD J. GOLDSTONE STEPHEN J. SOLARZ ’62 (2000-present) (2000-present)

MARGO JEFFERSON ’68 JOSHUA STEINER (2005-2006) (2000-2005)

NANCY K ASSEBAUM BAKER SHIRANEE TILAKAWARDANE (2007-present) (2005-present)

KERRY KENNEDY LIV ULLMANN (2000-2008) (2000-2005)

ISMAT KITTANI NORBERT WEISSBERG (2000-2001) (2006-present)

TOMMY KOH (2000-2001)

KISHORE MAHBUBANI (2003-present)

DAVID M. MALONE (2006-present)

MARGARET MARSHALL (2003-2007)

GABRIELLE KIRK MCDONALD (2000-2002)

JAMIE METZL (2006-present)

SARI NUSSEIBEH The International Advisory Board for the Ethics Center convenes for the frst time (2000-present) on March 7, 2000, in New York City.

The International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life: The First 10 Years 17 INTERNATIONAL CENTER for ETHICS, JUSTICE, and PUBLIC LIFE Brandeis University

415 South Street Mail Stop 086 Waltham, MA 02454 -9110 (781) 736 -8577 www.brandeis.edu/ethics [email protected]