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Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Southern Philippines: a Discourse on Self-Determination, Political Autonomy, and Conflict Resolution
Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Southern Philippines: A Discourse on Self-Determination, Political Autonomy, and Conflict Resolution Jamail A. Kamlian Professor of History at Mindanao State University- ILigan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), ILigan City, Philippines ABSTRACT Filipina kini menghadapi masalah serius terkait populasi mioniritas agama dan etnis. Bangsa Moro yang merupakan salah satu etnis minoritas telah lama berjuang untuk mendapatkan hak untuk self-determination. Perjuangan mereka dilancarkan dalam berbagai bentuk, mulai dari parlemen hingga perjuangan bersenjata dengan tuntutan otonomi politik atau negara Islam teroisah. Pemberontakan etnis ini telah mengakar dalam sejarah panjang penindasan sejak era kolonial. Jika pemberontakan yang kini masih berlangsung itu tidak segera teratasi, keamanan nasional Filipina dapat dipastikan terancam. Tulisan ini memaparkan latar belakang historis dan demografis gerakan pemisahan diri yang dilancarkan Bangsa Moro. Setelah memahami latar belakang konflik, mekanisme resolusi konflik lantas diajukan dalam tulisan ini. Kata-Kata Kunci: Bangsa Moro, latar belakang sejarah, ekonomi politik, resolusi konflik. The Philippines is now seriously confronted with problems related to their ethnic and religious minority populations. The Bangsamoro (Muslim Filipinos) people, one of these minority groups, have been struggling for their right to self-determination. Their struggle has taken several forms ranging from parliamentary to armed struggle with a major demand of a regional political autonomy or separate Islamic State. The Bangsamoro rebellion is a deep- rooted problem with strong historical underpinnings that can be traced as far back as the colonial era. It has persisted up to the present and may continue to persist as well as threaten the national security of the Republic of the Philippines unless appropriate solutions can be put in place and accepted by the various stakeholders of peace and development. -
DSWD DROMIC Report #1 on the Strong Wind Incident in Surallah, South Cotabato As of 10 August 2021, 6PM
DSWD DROMIC Report #1 on the Strong wind incident in Surallah, South Cotabato as of 10 August 2021, 6PM I. Situation Overview On 30 June 2021, a heavy rain associated with strong wind raged in Surallah, South Cotabato affecting two (2) barangays namely, Barangay Lamian and Barangay Lambontong. Source: DSWD-FO XII II. Status of Affected Areas and Population A total of 66 families or 330 persons were affected in two (2) barangays in Surallah, South Cotabato (see Table 1). Table 1. Number of Affected Families / Persons NUMBER OF AFFECTED REGION / PROVINCE / MUNICIPALITY Barangays Families Persons GRAND TOTAL 2 66 330 REGION XII 2 66 330 South Cotabato 2 66 330 Surallah 2 66 330 Note: Ongoing assessment and validation are continuously being conducted. Source: DSWD-FO XII III. Status of Displaced Population Outside Evacuation Centers A total of two (2) families or ten (10) persons are currently seeking temporary shelter with their relatives and/or friends (see Table 2). Table 3. Number of Displaced Families / Persons Outside Evacuation Centers NUMBER OF DISPLACED OUTSIDE ECs REGION / PROVINCE / MUNICIPALITY Families Persons CUM NOW CUM NOW GRAND TOTAL 2 2 10 10 REGION XII 2 2 10 10 South Cotabato 2 2 10 10 Surallah 2 2 10 10 Note: Ongoing assessment and validation are continuously being conducted. Source: DSWD-FO XII IV. Damaged Houses A total of 66 houses were damaged by the fire; of which, three (3) were totally damaged and 63 were partially damaged (see Table 3). Table 3. Number of Damaged Houses NO. OF DAMAGED HOUSES REGION / PROVINCE / MUNICIPALITY Total Totally Partially GRAND TOTAL 66 3 63 REGION XII 66 3 63 South Cotabato 66 3 63 Surallah 66 3 63 Note: Ongoing assessment and validation being conducted. -
Department of Education REGION XII SCHOOLS DIVISION of SOUTH COTABATO
Enclosure to DM OSDS No. 145, s. 2020 Republic of the Philippines Department of Education REGION XII SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SOUTH COTABATO LIST OF RECIPIENT SCHOOLS PER DISTRICT Elementary School Name Municipality School District E. Asion Integrated School Banga Banga East Kataan Elementary School Banga Banga East Lambingi Elementary School Banga Banga East Lamtabong Elementary School Banga Banga East Matlong Elementary School Banga Banga East Lamba Central Elementary School Banga Banga East Lambukay Integrated School Banga Banga East San Jose Elementary School Banga Banga East P. Septin Elementary School Banga Banga East Lampari Elementary School Banga Banga East Purok Reyes Central Elementary School Banga Banga North Cristiano L. Ladot, Sr. Elementary School Banga Banga North Aida B. Gonzales Elementary School Banga Banga North Upong Elementary School Banga Banga North Rizal Elementary School Banga Banga North San Vicente Elementary School Banga Banga North Liwanay Elementary School Banga Banga North Sancho Elementary School Banga Banga North Kusan Elementary School Banga Banga North Ebenezer Elementary School Banga Banga South Rang-ay Integrated School Banga Banga South Malaya-A Elementary School Banga Banga South El Nonok Integrated School Banga Banga South Purok Rizal Elementary School Banga Banga South Malaya Elementary School Banga Banga South Lamkot Elementary School Banga Banga South Little Baguio Elementary School Banga Banga South Banga Central Elementary School Banga Banga South Cinco Elementary School Banga Banga South Punong Grande Elementary School Banga Banga South Address: Alunan Avenue, Koronadal City, South Cotabato 9506 Telephone Number: (083)228-3801 Email Address: [email protected] Enclosure to DM OSDS No. 145, s. -
Philippines: Marawi Armed-Conflict 3W (As of 18 April 2018)
Philippines: Marawi Armed-Conflict 3W (as of 18 April 2018) CITY OF Misamis Number of Activities by Status, Cluster & Number of Agencies EL SALVADOR Oriental 138 7,082 ALUBIJID Agencies Activities INITAO Number of CAGAYAN DE CLUSTER Ongoing Planned Completed OPOL ORO CITY (Capital) organizations NAAWAN Number of activities by Municipality/City 1-10 11-50 51-100 101-500 501-1,256 P Cash 12 27 69 10 CCCM 0 0 ILIGAN CITY 571 3 Misamis LINAMON Occidental BACOLOD Coord. 1 0 14 3 KAUSWAGAN TAGOLOAN MATUNGAO MAIGO BALOI POONA KOLAMBUGAN PANTAR TAGOLOAN II Bukidnon PIAGAPO Educ. 32 32 236 11 KAPAI Lanao del Norte PANTAO SAGUIARAN TANGCAL RAGAT MUNAI MARAWI MAGSAYSAY DITSAAN- CITY BUBONG PIAGAPO RAMAIN TUBOD FSAL 23 27 571 53 MARANTAO LALA BUADIPOSO- BAROY BUNTONG MADALUM BALINDONG SALVADOR MULONDO MAGUING TUGAYA TARAKA Health 79 20 537 KAPATAGAN 30 MADAMBA BACOLOD- Lanao TAMPARAN KALAWI SAPAD Lake POONA BAYABAO GANASSI PUALAS BINIDAYAN LUMBACA- Logistics 0 0 3 1 NUNUNGAN MASIU LUMBA-BAYABAO SULTAN NAGA DIMAPORO BAYANG UNAYAN PAGAYAWAN LUMBAYANAGUE BUMBARAN TUBARAN Multi- CALANOGAS LUMBATAN cluster 7 1 146 32 SULTAN PICONG (SULTAN GUMANDER) BUTIG DUMALONDONG WAO MAROGONG Non-Food Items 1 0 221 MALABANG 36 BALABAGAN Nutrition 82 209 519 15 KAPATAGAN Protection 61 37 1,538 37 Maguindanao Shelter 4 4 99 North Cotabato 7 WASH 177 45 1,510 32 COTABATO CITY TOTAL 640 402 6,034 The boundaries, names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations Creation date: 18 April 2018 Sources: PSA -
Chapter 3 Socio Economic Profile of the Study Area
CHAPTER 3 SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA 3.1 SOCIAL CONDITIONS 3.1.1 Demographic Trend 1) Population Trends by Region Philippine population has been continuously increasing from 48.1million in 1980, 76.3 million in 2000 to 88.5million in 2007 with 2.15% of annual growth rate (2000-2007). Population of both Mindanao and ARMM also showed higher increases than national trend since 2000, from 18.1 in 2000 to 21.6 million in 2007 (AAGR: 2.52%), and 2.9 in 2000 to 4.1million in 2007 (AAGR: 5.27%), respectively. Population share of Mindanao to Philippines and of ARMM to Mindanao significantly increased from 23.8% to 24.4% and 15.9% to 24.4%, respectively. 100,000,000 90,000,000 Philippines Mindanao 80,000,000 ARMM 70,000,000 60,000,000 50,000,000 40,000,000 30,000,000 20,000,000 10,000,000 0 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007 Year Source: NSO, 2008 FIGURE 3.1.1-1 POPULATION TRENDS OF PHILIPPINES, MINDANAO AND ARMM Population trends of Mindanao by region are illustrated in Figure 3.1.1-2 and the growth in ARMM is significantly high in comparison with other regions since 1995, especially from 2000 to 2007. 3 - 1 4,500,000 IX 4,000,000 X XI 3,500,000 XII XIII ARMM 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007 year Source NSO, 2008 FIGURE 3.1.1-2 POPULATION TRENDS BY REGION IN MINDANAO As a result, the population composition within Mindanao indicates some different features from previous decade that ARMM occupies a certain amount of share (20%), almost same as Region XI in 2007. -
CHAPTER IV the JAPANESE INTERREGNUM, 1942-1945 A. The
CHAPTER IV THE JAPANESE INTERREGNUM, 1942-1945 This chapter deals with the Japanese occupation of Koronadal Valley. An alien invading force would radically change the direction of developmental process in Koronadal Valley, particularly Buayan. From an envisioned agricultural settlement serving a major function for the Commonwealth government, Koronadal Valley was transformed into a local entity whose future direction would be determined by the people no longer in accordance with the objectives for which it was established but in accordance with the dynamics of growth in response to changing times. It is ironic that an event that was calamitous in itself would provide the libertarian condition to liberate Koronadal Valley from the limiting confines of Commonwealth Act No. 441. But more than structural change, the Japanese interlude put to test the new community. The sudden departure from the scene of the two titans of the community - General Paulino Santos and Mayor Abedin - raised the urgent need for the people left behind to take stock of themselves and respond to the difficult times sans the guiding hands of its leaders. A. The Southward Thrust of Japan to Mindanao To the people of the valley, the war was received with shock, fear and trepidation. It was like a thief in the night coming when everybody was unprepared. One settler recalled: “We were afraid when we heard over the radio that the Japanese are coming. We immediately evacuated and left behind our farms and animals. We hid in the mountains of Palkan, proceeding to Glamang and then to Kiamba. Our hunger drove us to dig sweet potatoes from the farms that we passed by. -
South Cotabato's Strategies to Tourism Development
South Cotabato’s Strategies to Tourism Development A Presentation by: Governor Daisy P. Avance Fuentes to the Japan Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR) An international Forum of Philippine-Japan Administration on “ADVANCING LOCAL ECONOMY THROUGH TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS” PRESENTATION OUTLINE I. SOUTH COTABATO BRIEF PROFILE II. RATIONALE III. CHALLENGES IV. TOURISM PRODUCT PORTFOLIO V. DESTINATION IMAGE MANAGEMENT VI. OTHER STRATEGIES AND INITIATIVES VII. TOURISM IMPACTS VIII. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT LEARNINGS IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT South Cotabato has a land area of 3,706 square kilometers and a population of 827,200 (2010 Census) The province is part of one of the country’s fastest development clusters known as SOCCSKSARGEN officially designated as Region XII which consists of 4 provinces: South Cotabato, Cotabato Province, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani together with 3 component cities: Koronadal City of South Cotabato, Tacurong City of Sultan Kudarat and Kidapawan City of Cotabato province, 2 independent cities/chartered cities: General Santos City and Cotabato City. SoCCSKSarGen Cluster 2 Blessed with almost even dry and rainy seasons (typhoon free) and fertile soil, picturesque landscapes, and very unique tri- people cultures which have been nurtured and preserved through generations we are greatly challenged with the negative peace and order perception of South-Central Mindanao that made our very own Filipino tourists shy away from including us as a tourist destination. 3 Great advantage – cultural endowments, which can be positioned to make us a premier tourist destination. It is our “sunshine” industry - Tourism will give us a greater economic stability, fund our environmental rehabilitation and protection programs, and provide us stimuli or incentives for our tenured migrants to sustain our conservation efforts. -
Over Land and Over Sea: Domestic Trade Frictions in the Philippines – Online Appendix
ONLINE APPENDIX Over Land and Over Sea: Domestic Trade Frictions in the Philippines Eugenia Go 28 February 2020 A.1. DATA 1. Maritime Trade by Origin and Destination The analysis is limited to a set of agricultural commodities corresponding to 101,159 monthly flows. About 5% of these exhibit highly improbable derived unit values suggesting encoding errors. More formally, provincial retail and farm gate prices are used as upper and lower bounds of unit values to check for outliers. In such cases, more weight is given to the volume record as advised by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), and values were adjusted according to the average unit price of the exports from the port of the nearest available month before and after the outlier observation. 2. Interprovince Land Trade Interprovince land trade flows were derived using Marketing Cost Structure Studies prepared by the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics for a number of products in selected years. These studies identify the main supply and destination provinces for certain commodities. The difference between production and consumption of a supply province is assumed to be the amount available for export to demand provinces. The derivation of imports of a demand province is straightforward when an importing province only has one source province. In cases where a demand province sources from multiple suppliers, such as the case of the National Capital Region (NCR), the supplying provinces are weighted according to the sample proportions in the survey. For example, NCR sources onions from Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, and Nueva Ecija. Following the sample proportion of traders in each supply province, it is assumed that 26% of NCR imports came from Ilocos Norte, 34% from Pangasinan, and 39% from Nueva Ecija. -
II III IVIV VV Davao Davao 0 75 150 Km II II III
Earthquake Green Shaking Alert M 6.3, MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES Origin Time: Mon 2014-07-14 07:59:57 UTC (15:59:57 local) PAGER o o Location: 5.71 N 126.48 E Depth: 20 km Version 4 Created: 6 weeks, 2 days after earthquake Estimated Fatalities Green alert for shaking-related fatalities Estimated Economic Losses 99% and economic losses. There is a low 99% likelihood of casualties and damage. 1% 1% 1 100 10,000 1 100 10,000 10 1,000 100,000 10 1,000 100,000 Fatalities USD (Millions) Estimated Population Exposed to Earthquake Shaking ESTIMATED POPULATION - -* 17,501k 620k 0 0 0 0 0 0 EXPOSURE (k = x1000) ESTIMATED MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY PERCEIVED SHAKING Not felt Weak Light Moderate Strong Very Strong Severe Violent Extreme Resistant none none none V. Light Light Moderate Moderate/Heavy Heavy V. Heavy POTENTIAL Structures DAMAGE Vulnerable Structures none none none Light Moderate Moderate/Heavy Heavy V. Heavy V. Heavy *Estimated exposure only includes population within the map area. Population Exposure population per ~1 sq. km from Landscan Structures: Overall, the population in this region resides in structures that are a mix of vulnerable and 124°E 126°E 128°E II earthquake resistant construction. Historical Earthquakes (with MMI levels): Date Dist. Mag. Max Shaking ButigButig ButigButig WaoWao DonDon CarlosCarlos CompostelaCompostela ImeldaImeldaImelda WaoWao DonDon CarlosCarlos CompostelaCompostela (UTC) (km) MMI(#) Deaths NewNew CorellaCorella BagangaBaganga BayangaBayanga NewNew CorellaCorella BagangaBaganga BayangaBayanga DamulogDamulog -
Sustainable Fisheries Management Plan for the Sarangani Bay and Sulawesi Sea
Sustainable Fisheries Management Plan for the Sarangani Bay and Sulawesi Sea REGION 12, PHILIPPINES SUBMITTED BY THE USAID OCEANS AND FISHERIES PARTNERSHIP Ins e rt About the USAID Oceans and Fisheries Partnership The USAID Oceans and Fisheries Partnership (USAID Oceans) is a five-year activity that works to strengthen regional cooperation to combat illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing and conserve marine biodiversity in the Asia-Pacific region. USAID Oceans is a partnership between the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC), and the Coral Triangle Initiative for Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security (CTI-CFF) that works with public and private sector partners across Southeast Asia to develop and implement electronic catch documentation and traceability systems, improve sustainable fisheries management using an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management, address human welfare and gender equity concerns, and develop public-private partnerships in support of these efforts. For more information, visit www.seafdec-oceanspartnership.org or contact info@oceans- partnership.org. About this Document The Sustainable Fisheries Management Plan for the Sarangani Bay and Sulawesi Sea is an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) Plan for the the Sarangani Bay and parts of the Sulawesi Sea that comprise the provinces of South Cotabato, Sarangani, and Sultan Kudarat, including Cotabato City and General Santos City (SOCCSKARGEN)—also known as Region 12 in the Philippines’ 16 administrative regions. This document is intended to provide a framework for fisheries management within the Sarangani Bay-Sulawesi corridor for adoption and implementation by relevant governmental agencies, local government units, non-governmental partners, academic and research institutions, and the fishing industry sector that altogether will benefit from effective fisheries management and biodiversity conservation in SOCCSKSARGEN and other regions of the Philippines. -
Sagittarius Mines, Inc
SAGITTARIUS MINES, INC. 16 April 2013 Bobbie Santa Maria Researcher and Representative Business and Human Rights Resource Centre Christopher Avery Director Business and Human Rights Resource Centre Dear Ms Santa Maria and Mr Avery Thank you for the opportunity to respond to concerns regarding Sagittarius Mines Inc.’s (SMI) Tampakan Copper-Gold Project raised in the article ‘Anti-mining protest marks International Women’s Day’, published in the Business Mirror on 9 March 2013. It is important to note that our proposed Tampakan Project, located in southern Mindanao in the Philippines, is currently in the approvals phase and, as such, is not an operating mine. SMI is developing the project in line with the industry-leading sustainable development practices of our managing shareholder, Xstrata Copper, which are aligned with international standards including the United Nations (UN) Declaration of Human Rights, the International Labor Organization Conventions, the UN Global Compact, and the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights (VPSHR). Through the Tampakan Project, we aim to establish a blueprint for modern, large-scale mineral development in the Philippines. Environmental management SMI understands that water quality, security of water supply, waste management, biodiversity, and land clearing are important concerns for many of our stakeholders and we have invested significant resources to understand the potential impact of our proposed mining activities. As part of our world-class Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), we have undertaken extensive technical studies and an unprecedented level of consultation to develop rigorous environmental and social management plans to ensure that potential impacts are mitigated or avoided. During the EIA process, we consulted more than 17,000 stakeholders including our host communities, tribal leaders and councils, municipal and national government, farmers and water users, industry and business groups, and church and faith-based organizations, who had input into our project designs and environmental management plans. -
Tampakan Copper-Gold Project
Preface by the Editors ✁ ✂ ✄ ♦ Tampakan Copper-Gold Project Brigitte Hamm · Anne Schax · Christian Scheper Institute for Development and Peace (INEF), commissioned by MISEREOR (German Catholic Bishops’ Organization for Development Cooperation) and Fastenopfer (Swiss Catholic Lenten Fund), in collaboration with Bread for All Imprint ■☎✆✝✞✝ ✟✠✡☛ ☞✌ 978-3-939218-42-5 Published by: Bischöfl iches Hilfswerk MISEREOR e.V. Mozartstraße 9 · 52064 Aachen · Germany Phone: +49 (0)241 442 0 www.misereor.org Contact: Armin Paasch ([email protected]) und Elisabeth Strohscheidt ([email protected]) and Katholisches Hilfswerk FASTENOPFER Alpenquai 4 · 6002 Luzern · Switzerland Phone +41 (0)41 227 59 59 www.fastenopfer.ch Contact: Daniel Hostettler ([email protected]) Authors: Brigitte Hamm, Anne Schax, Christian Scheper (Institute for Development and Peace (INEF), University of Duisburg-Essen) Photos: Elmar Noé, Armin Paasch, Elisabeth Strohscheidt, Bobby Timonera Cover photo: Paasch/MISEREOR Photos included in this study show the everyday life and present natural environment of people likely to be affected by the proposed Tampakan mine. Graphic Design: VISUELL Büro für visuelle Kommunikation, Aachen Published: July 2013 (updated version) Human Rights Impact Assessment of the Tampakan Copper-Gold Project Brigitte Hamm · Anne Schax · Christian Scheper ✍ Study Human Rights Impact Assessment of the Tampakan Copper-Gold Project Preface by the Editors ✥ ✏ ✏✑✒ ✏✓ ✔✒ ✕ ✖ ✗✘ ✓ ✏✓ ✙ ✚ ✏✑✓ ✛ ✒ ✜✓ ✏ ✕✘✓ ✢ ✣ ✤ ✢ ✛ ✢ ✜ May 2013. Partners have raised severe human rights concerns related “accident” has gained world-wide public attention: the col- to the Tampakan Copper-Gold Mine proposed by Sagitta- lapse of another garment factory in Bangladesh. Hundreds rius Mines Inc. (SMI) and its shareholders Xstrata Copper, of workers lost their lives, and many more were serious- Indophil Resources NL and Tampakan Group of Companies.