Plant Studies 2 COURSE CODE: PTS710S

NAMIBIA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF NATURAL RESOURCESANDSPATIAL SCIENCES

Departmentof Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences

QUALIFICATION: Bachelor of Natural Resource Management(Nature Conservation)

QUALIFICATION CODE: 07BNTC LEVEL: NOFLevel 7

COURSE:Plant Studies 2 COURSE CODE: PTS710S

DATE: 4 June 2018 SESSION: 2

DURATION: 3 Hours MARKS: 150

FIRST OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER

EXAMINER(S): Dr. J.M. Kamwi

MODERATOR: Mrs. G.L. Theron

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 4 PAGES (EXCLUDING THIS FRONT PAGE)

INSTRUCTIONS

1. AnswerALLthe questions.

2. Write clearly and neatly.

3. Number the answersclearly.

PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS

1. Examination paper. 2. Examination script. QUESTION 1

Each species in column A belongsto a family/subfamily in column B. Write down the numberfrom column A and the corresponding letter from column B, e.g. (1) H. NOTE: more than one species could belong to the same family. [15] COLUMNA — SPECIES COLUMN B — FAMILIES (1) Philenoptera violacea A. Burseraceae (2) Schinziophyton rautanenii B. Bignoniaceae (3) Ziziphus mucronata C. Anacardiaceae (4) Datura innoxia D. Rhamnaceae (5) Commiphora angolensis E. Euphorbiaceae (6) Kigelia africana F. Poaceae (7) Terminalia sericea G. Strychnaceae (8) Searsia marlothii H. Clusiaceae (9) Baphia massaiensis |. Combretaceae (10) Phragmites australis J. Sapotaceae (11) Spirostachys africana K. Ebenaceae (12) Colophospermum mopane L. Solanaceae (13) Adansonia digitata M. Fabaceae / Papilionoidae (14) Grewia retinervis N. Fabaceae / Caesalpinioidae (15) Laggera decurrens O. Fabaceae / Mimosoidae P. Malvaceae (new classification) Q. Moraceae R. Asteraceae

QUESTION 2

Each diagnostic characteristic(s) in column A belong(s) to a genus in column B. Write down the numberfrom column A and the correspondingletter from column B, e.g (1) B [10]

COLUMN A — CHARACTERISTICS COLUMIN B - GENERA

(1) Simple, opposite leaves; interpetiolar stipule; inferior ovary A. Acanthosicyos

(2) Spiny, leafless shrub endemic to the Namib, with large spiny B. Ozoroa fruit. The pulp and seedsare eaten.

(3) Fruit a 4-5 winged samara, bark peeling in long threads C. Ficus

(4) Shrub or small tree with large bipinnate leaves with small leaflets; D. Euphorbia lacks thorns, has bright yellow flowers in spikes (5) Amemberof the daisy family that has silvery leaves and is E. Commiphora abundantin the Khomasregion

(6) Fruit is a syconium F. Combretum

(7) Deciduous or semi-deciduous tree with a rounded crown,leaves G. Berchemia simple and alternate or spirary arranged, infloresencein axillary clusters and is abundantin the Khomasregion

(8) Tree with diameter up to 10m; palmately compoundleaves;large H. Vangueria white flowers; a large ovoid fruit that is high in vitamin C

(9) Plants with large, boat-shaped, succulent leaves, sometimes with |. Elephantorrhiza toothed margins.

(10) Plants with aromatic resin, with many endemic speciesin the J. Tarconanthus Namib, often pachycauls, often with peeling bark.

L. Hyphaene

M. Aloe

N. Phoenix

O. Adansonia

QUESTION 3

3.1 What does the statement “flowers and their pollinators have coevolved” mean and give an example. (5) 3.2 One of the advances of Angiosperm over Gymnospermsis that they have advanced pollination syndromes. Whatdoesthis statement mean and give examples. (4) [9]

QUESTION 4

Give the diagnostic characteristic/s of the following taxa:

4.1 Capparaceae (1) 4.2 Cucurbitaceae (1) 4.3 Malvaceae (new taxonomy) (1) [3]

QUESTION 5

The following pairs or groups of taxa are very similar. How would you tell the difference between them? Give one characteristic (other than being a shrub or tree) that would tell you immediately which of the two it is.

5.1 Acacia erubescens & Acacia fleckii (2) 5.2 Boscia foetida & Maeruaparvifolia (2) [4]

QUESTION 6

Briefly describe the most important functions of the following institutions:

6.1 (a) National Plant Genetic Resources Centre. (2) (b) Directorate of Forestry. (2) 6.2. Explain what “non-timber forest products” mean and give examples? (2) [6]

QUESTION 7

7.1. Describe the major threat to the succulent plants of the Southern Namib. (2) 7.2 Nameand explain any two challenges within the Indigenous natural plant products sector. (6) [8]

QUESTION 8

Explain the difference betweenthefollowing terms:

8.1 Ancestral characters and derived characters. (2) 8.2 Reproductive characters and vegetative characters. (2) 8.3 Flora & floristics. (2) [6] QUESTION 9

Choose three of the following Namibian edible fruit species. For each one (a) briefly describe the plant, giving the most important identifying characteristics (half mark per characteristic — total 2 marks); (b) describe its habitat; (c) state where in Namibia does it occur; (d) describe the fruit, and (e) state to which family it belongs. (Bonus points: give its common name). Sclerocarya birrea; Strychnos spp; Ximenia americana; Garcinia livingstonei. [18]

QUESTION 10

10.1 Whyare there so manypachycauls in the Namibian desert? (2) 10.2 Name any 3 endemic or near endemic species from the genus Commiphora? (3) 10.3. Explain what an aril is and whatits function is. (2) 10.4 The family Fabaceae is one of the most important and diverse families in Namibia. Discuss this statement, with reference to the features of the family that make it so important, and the economic value of membersof the family. (10) [17]

QUESTION 11

11.1 There are three families in Namibia that have milky latex. Name them ofthe three families and explain how you would tell the difference between them. Tabulate the families and the corresponding two Namibian examples of each family. If you cannot remember the scientific names, half marks will be given for generally accepted common names. (12) 11.2 Label the followingleaf tips. (5)

a b c d e

11.3. Label the following leaf bases. (7)

A i“A4 TEL DLL AA AYj ( /|f \ 1 ; \ i | ff ‘ | 4 fi

a b c d e f g [24]

QUESTION 12

12.1 Many plants are armedwith spines, prickles or thorns, especially in the more arid parts of Namibia. Discuss this statement, explaining the differences between these three terms, and the diversity of these structures, and their functions. Give relevant examplesto clarify your answer. You mayalso use drawings,if you wish. (20) 12.2 Namethetype of inflorescence foundin each of the following species. (6)

a. Anthephora pubescens b. Cenchrusciliarus c. Panicum maximum d. Enneapogon cenchrioides e. Fingerhuthia africana f. Schmidtia kalahariensis [26]

QUESTION 13

Whatis the difference between the awnsofthe following genera? [4]

a. Stipagrostis b. Aristida c. Enneapogon d. Schmitia

Total: 150 marks f pf tee ‘

NAMIBIA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF NATURAL RESOURCESANDSPATIAL SCIENCES

Departmentof Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences

QUALIFICATION: Bachelor of Natural Resource Management(Nature Conservation)

QUALIFICATION CODE: 07BNTC LEVEL: NQFLevel 7

COURSE: Plant Studies 2 COURSE CODE: PTS710S

DATE: 4 June 2018 SESSION: 2

DURATION: 3 Hours MARKS: 150

FIRST OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER

EXAMINER(S): Dr. J.M. Kamwi

MODERATOR: Mrs. G.L. Theron

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 4 PAGES (EXCLUDING THIS FRONT PAGE)

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Answer ALL the questions.

2. Write clearly and neatly.

3. Numberthe answersclearly.

PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS

1. Examination paper. Examination script. QUESTION 1

Each species in column A belongsto a family/subfamily in column B. Write down the numberfrom column A and the corresponding letter from column B, e.g. (1) H. NOTE: more than one species could belong to the same family. [15] COLUMN A- SPECIES COLUMNB — FAMILIES (1) Philenoptera violacea A. Burseraceae (2) Schinziophyton rautanenii B. Bignoniaceae (3) Ziziphus mucronata C. Anacardiaceae (4) Datura innoxia D. Rhamnaceae (5) Commiphora angolensis E. Euphorbiaceae (6) Kigelia africana F. Poaceae (7) Terminalia sericea G. Strychnaceae (8) Searsia marlothii H. Clusiaceae (9) Baphia massaiensis |. Combretaceae (10) Phragmites australis J. Sapotaceae (11) Spirostachys africana K. Ebenaceae (12) Colophospermum mopane L. Solanaceae (13) Adansonia digitata M. Fabaceae/ Papilionoidae (14) Grewia retinervis N. Fabaceae / Caesalpinioidae (15) Laggera decurrens O. Fabaceae / Mimosoidae P. Malvaceae (newclassification) Q. Moraceae R. Asteraceae

QUESTION 2

Each diagnostic characteristic(s) in column A belong(s) to a genus in column B. Write down the numberfrom column A and the correspondingletter from column B,e.g (1) B [10]

COLUMN A — CHARACTERISTICS COLUMN B - GENERA

(1) Simple, opposite leaves; interpetiolar stipule; inferior ovary A. Acanthosicyos

(2) Spiny, leafless shrub endemic to the Namib, with large spiny B. Ozoroa fruit. The pulp and seeds are eaten.

(3) Fruit a 4-5 winged samara, bark peeling in long threads C. Ficus

(4) Shrub or small tree with large bipinnate leaves with small leaflets; D. Euphorbia lacks thorns, has bright yellow flowers in spikes

(5) Amemberof the daisy family that has silvery leaves and is E. Commiphora abundantin the Khomasregion

(6) Fruit is a syconium F. Combretum

(7) Deciduous or semi-deciduous tree with a rounded crown, leaves G. Berchemia simple and alternate or spirary arranged, infloresencein axillary clusters and is abundant in the Khomasregion

(8) Tree with diameter up to 10m; palmately compoundleaves; large H. Vangueria white flowers; a large ovoid fruit that is high in vitamin C

(9) Plants with large, boat-shaped, succulent leaves, sometimes with |. Elephantorrhiza toothed margins.

(10) Plants with aromatic resin, with many endemic species in the J. Tarconanthus Namib, often pachycauls, often with peeling bark.

L. Hyphaene

M. Aloe

N. Phoenix

O. Adansonia

QUESTION 3

QUESTION 4

Give the diagnostic characteristic/s of the following taxa:

4.1 Capparaceae (1) 4.2 Cucurbitaceae (1) 4.3 Malvaceae (new taxonomy) (1) [3]

QUESTION 5

5.1 Acacia erubescens & Acacia fleckii (2) 5.2 Boscia foetida & Maerua parvifolia [4]

QUESTION 6

Briefly describe the most important functions of the followinginstitutions:

6.1 (a) National Plant Genetic Resources Centre. (2) (b) Directorate of Forestry. (2) 6.2 Explain what “non-timber forest products” mean and give examples? (2) [6]

QUESTION 7

7.1 Describe the major threat to the succulent plants of the Southern Namib. (2) 7.2 Name and explain any twochallenges within the Indigenous natural plant products sector. (6) [8]

QUESTION 8

Explain the difference betweenthefollowing terms:

8.1 Ancestral characters and derived characters. (2) 8.2 Reproductive characters and vegetative characters. (2) 8.3 Flora & floristics. (2) [6] QUESTION 9

Choose three of the following Namibian edible fruit species. For each one (a) briefly describe the plant, giving the most important identifying characteristics (half mark per characteristic — total 2 marks); (b) describe its habitat; (c) state where in Namibia does it occur; (d) describe the fruit, and (e) state to which family it belongs. (Bonuspoints: give its common name). Sclerocarya birrea; Strychnos spp; Ximenia americana; Garcinia livingstonei. [18]

QUESTION 10

10.1 Whyare there so manypachycauls in the Namibian desert? (2) 10.2 Name any 3 endemic or near endemic species from the genus Commiphora? (3) 10.3. Explain whatanaril is and whatits function is. (2) 10.4 The family Fabaceae is one of the most important and diverse families in Namibia. Discuss this statement, with reference to the features of the family that make it so important, and the economic value of membersof the family. (10) [17]

QUESTION11

11.1 There are three families in Namibia that have milky latex. Name them ofthe three families and explain how you would tell the difference between them. Tabulate the families and the corresponding two Namibian examples of each family. If you cannot rememberthe scientific names, half marks will be given for generally accepted common names. (12) 11.2 Label the followingleaf tips. (5)

a b Cc d e

11.3 Label the following leaf bases. (7) EL} \t/ MW |4i i Vy