Bunkimalta to Nenagh 38 Kv Underground Cable Project Natura

Lough Ree Power Ash Disposal Facility Screening for Appropriate Assessment

Volume 4 - Appendix 6-1

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

ESB International, One Dublin Airport Central, Dublin Airport, Cloghran, Co. Dublin, Ireland. Phone +353 (0)1 703 8000 www.esbinternational.ie

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Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Objective of this report 1 1.2 Statement of competence 1 2 Regulatory Context 2 2.1 Appropriate Assessment process 3 3 Methodology 4 3.1 Assessment criteria 4 3.2 Desk review 4 3.3 Potential zone of influence 5 3.4 Consultation 5 3.5 Site visit 6 4 Screening for Appropriate Assessment 7 4.1 Introduction 7 4.2 Description of project 7 4.2.1 Site context 7 4.2.2 Current operation 8 4.2.2.1 Cell Construction 8 4.2.2.2 Disposal Activity at the ADF 8 4.2.3 Future operation 9 4.2.4 Associated Activities 10 4.2.4.1 Power generation at Lough Ree Power 10

4.2.4.2 Peat For supply inspection purposes from only. Bord na Móna bogs 11 Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 4.3 Elements of the project with potential for having significant environmental effects 15 5 Description of Natura 2000 Sites 16 6 Assessment of likely effects 13 6.1 Direct impacts 13 6.2 Indirect impacts 13 6.2.1 Derraghan ADF 13 6.2.2 LRP Station 14 6.2.3 Peat Supply to LRP Station 17 6.3 In-combination effects 18 6.4 Screening statement and conclusion 20

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1 Introduction 1.1 Objective of this report This report presents the Screening for Appropriate Assessment (AA), also known as Stage 1 AA, which has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of Article 6(3) of the EU Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC). The Screening relates to the proposed increase in capacity at Derraghan Ash Disposal Facility (ADF), which services Lough Ree Power (LRP), Lanesborough, Co. Longford. A separate Environmental Impact Assessment Report (EIAR) has also been prepared, which comprises an assessment of potential impacts to biodiversity arising from the proposed ADF capacity increase. The purpose of this report is to determine if the proposed ADF capacity increase, either alone or in combination with other plans and projects, is likely to have significant effects on any Natura 2000 site(s) in view of the site’s conservation objectives.

1.2 Statement of competence This report was prepared by Geoff Hamilton, Ecologist with ESB International. He has over 10 years’ experience in the fields of ecological assessment, agri- environment scheme design and implementation, rural stakeholder consultation and environmental advocacy. He has been involved in a wide range of infrastructure projects for local authorities and private commercial clients and has carried out a significant number of field surveys to inform Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), Ecological Impact

Assessments (EcIA), AA Screening For inspection Reports purposes only. and Natura Impact Statements (NIS). Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. He has particular experience in the production of ecological reports relating to electricity generation developments such as power stations, wind farms and solar farms. He holds a Master’s degree in Zoology and is a Full Member of the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (CIEEM).

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EPA Export 20-12-2018:03:50:38 Derraghan Ash Disposal Facility Development 2 Regulatory Context The EU Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC provides legal protection for habitats and species of European importance through the establishment of a network of designated conservation areas known as the Natura 2000 Network. The Natura 2000 network includes sites designated as Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) under the EU Habitats Directive and Special Protection Areas (SPA) designated under the EU Birds Directive 79/209/EEC. The Habitats Directive was initially transposed into Irish national law in 1997, with the European Communities (Natural Habitats) Regulations, SI 94/1997. These Regulations have since been amended by SI 233/1998 & SI 378/2005. The European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011 consolidate the European Communities (Natural Habitats) Regulations 1997 to 2005 and the European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats)(Control of Recreational Activities) Regulations 2010. The requirements for an Appropriate Assessment are set out under Article 6(3) and 6(4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC which state: 6(3) Any plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site (Natura 2000 sites) but likely to have significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall be subject to Appropriate Assessment of its implications for the site in view of the sites conservation objectives. In the light of the conclusions of the assessment of the implications for the site and subject to the provisions of paragraph 4, the competent national authorities shall agree to the plan or project only after having ascertained that it will not adversely affect the integrity of the site concerned and, if appropriate, after having obtained the opinion of the general public. 6(4) If, in spite of a negative assessment of the implications for the site and in the absence of alternative solutions, For inspection a plan purposes or only.project must nevertheless be carried out Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. for imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of social or economic nature, the Member State shall take all compensatory measures necessary to ensure that the overall coherence of Natura 2000 is protected. It shall inform the Commission of the compensatory measures adopted. Where the site concerned hosts a priority natural habitat type and/or a priority species the only considerations which may be raised are those relating to human health or public safety, to beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment or, further to an opinion from the Commission, to other imperative reasons of overriding public interest. Definitions of conservation status, integrity and significance used in this assessment are defined in accordance with ‘Managing Natura 2000 sites: The provisions of Article 6 of the 'Habitats' Directive 92/43/EEC’ (European Commission, 2000).  The conservation status of a natural habitat is defined as the sum of the influences acting on a natural habitat and its typical species that may affect its long-term natural distribution, structure and functions as well as the long- term survival of its typical species.

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 The conservation status of a species is defined as the sum of the influences acting on the species concerned that may affect the long-term distribution and abundance of its population.  The integrity of a Natura 2000 site is defined as the coherence of the site’s ecological structure and function, across its whole area, or the habitats, complex of habitats and/or populations of species for which the site is or will be classified.  Significant effect should be determined in relation to the specific features and environmental conditions of the protected site concerned by the plan or project, taking particular account of the site’s conservation objectives.

2.1 Appropriate Assessment process Key stages in the Appropriate Assessment process are set out below, as per European and Irish Government guidance (EC 2000, EC 2001 and DoEHLG 2009). Stages 1 and 2 relate to Article 6(3) of the Habitats Directive and Stages 3 and 4 relate to Article 6(4). The outcome of each successive stage determines if a further stage in the process is required. Stage 1. Screening for Appropriate Assessment The first step in the Screening process is to determine if the plan or project is directly connected to or necessary for the management of a Natura 2000 site. The process then identifies whether a plan or project, either alone or in combination with other plans or projects, is likely to have significant effects on a Natura 2000 site in view of its conservation objectives. Stage 2. Appropriate Assessment This stage considers whether the plan or project, alone or in combination with other projects or plans, will have adverse For inspection effects purposes only.on the integrity of a Natura 2000 site, and Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. includes any mitigation measures necessary to avoid, reduce or offset negative effects. A Natura Impact Statement (NIS) must be prepared as part of this stage of the process. The AA is carried out by the competent authority, and is supported by the NIS. Stage 3. Alternative Solutions If Stage 2 of the process concludes that there is likely to be significant effects to a Natura 2000 site, Stage 3 then examines any alternative solutions or options that could enable the plan or project to proceed without adverse effects on the integrity of a Natura 2000 site. Stage 4. Imperative Reasons of Overriding Public Interest (IROPI)/Derogation Stage 4 is the main derogation process of Article 6(4) which examines whether there are imperative reasons of overriding public interest (IROPI) for allowing a plan or project that will have adverse effects on the integrity of a Natura 2000 site to proceed in cases where it has been established that no less damaging alternative solution exists.

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EPA Export 20-12-2018:03:50:38 Derraghan Ash Disposal Facility Development 3 Methodology 3.1 Assessment criteria This assessment has been undertaken in accordance with all relevant legislation and best practice methodologies: • European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011, as amended; • Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Projects in Ireland: Guidance for Planning Authorities (Department of the Environment Heritage and Local Government, Revision 1, 2010); • Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites: Methodological guidance on the provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC, European Commission (2001); and • Managing Natura 2000 Sites (European Commission, 2000). Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites. (European Commission, 2001).

3.2 Desk review A desktop study was conducted to examine the potential zone of influence of the proposed development and to identify any nature conservation sites within that area which could be impacted. Available information consulted in the preparation of this AA Screening report included: • Natura 2000 Site Synopses, Conservation Objectives reports and supporting documents published (npws.ie); • Conservation Status Assessment Reports (CSARs), Backing Documents For inspection purposes only. and Maps preparedConsent of copyright in accordance owner required for with any other Article use. 17 of the Habitats Directive

(npws.ie); • Relevant published and unpublished reports on protected habitats and species in locality (npws.ie); and • Reports produced by and on behalf of Bord na Mona relating to supply bog biodiversity and ecological impacts of peat harvesting. Geographic Information System (GIS) data relating to Natura sites, protected species distribution, hydrological connectivity and water quality was accessed using the NPWS and EPA online mapviewers and was further interrogated locally using ArcGIS. Aerial photography was viewed to get an overview of habitats in and around the ADF. The National Biodiversity Data Centre (NBDC) mapviewer was also consulted, with regards to the distribution of protected habitats and species within the study area. The location of the ADF and the peat supply bogs for Lough Ree Power were mapped in relation to designated areas, using ArcGIS software (see Volume 3 - Figure 6.3: SACs and SPAs within 15 km of Supply Bogs).

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EPA Export 20-12-2018:03:50:38 Derraghan Ash Disposal Facility Development 3.3 Potential zone of influence Projects have the potential to have significant effects on Natura 2000 Sites beyond the confines of the individual sites themselves. The Guidance on Ecological Impact Assessment (IEMA 2006) states that potential effects should be investigated which occur within the Zone of Influence (ZoI) that arises during the whole lifespan of the proposed project. The potential Zone of Influence is defined as:  Areas directly within the land take for the proposed development;  Areas which will be temporarily affected;  Areas likely to be impacted by hydrological disruption; and  Areas where there is a risk of pollution and disturbance (e.g. noise). The published Departmental guidance document states that ‘A distance of 15 km is currently recommended in the case of plans and derives from UK guidance (Scott Wilson et al., 2006). For projects, the distance could be much less than 15 km and in some cases less than 100 m, but this must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis….’ (DEHLG, 2010). All Natura 2000 Sites within 15 kilometres of the Lough Ree Power ADF were identified. In addition, Natura 2000 Sites within approximately 15 kilometres of the various Lough Ree Power supply bogs were also identified1, as well as those which are hydrologically connected to the watercourses which receive discharges from Lough Ree Power, the ADF or the bogs that are harvested to supply peat to the power plant. The potential for significant effects on Natura 2000 Sites from the continued use and operation of the Lough Ree Power ADF (and by inference, the powerstation and respective peat supply bogs to the end of 2020) are discussed further in Section 4. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

3.4 Consultation The EIA Screening and Scoping Report was sent to the following consultees:  Planning Section, Longford County Council  Environment Section, Longford County Council  Planning Section, Roscommon County Council  Environment Section, Roscommon County Council  An Taisce  National Parks and Wildlife Service c/o Development Applications Unit,  Department of Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs

1 Based on precedent set by An Bord Pleanála in relation to the consent for the continued operation of Edenderry Power Plant to 2030 (Ref: PL 19.245295), Volume 4 - Appendix 6-1 AA Screening 5

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 National Monuments Service c/o Development Applications Unit,  Department of Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs  Inland Fisheries Ireland  Environmental Protection Agency  BirdWatch Ireland  The Irish Peatlands Conservation Council  Friends of the Irish Environment

The EIA Scoping Report presented a list of the Natura 2000 sites within 15 km of the ADF and summarised the local ecology of the site. Rare and threatened species data was requested from the NPWS Scientific Unit and reviewed upon receipt.

3.5 Site visit Visits to the site of the ADF were undertaken in October 2016 and April 2017 by an ESBI staff ecologist. These visits were undertaken as part of the ecological studies carried out to inform the Biodiversity chapter of the EIAR; this evaluates the potential impacts of the proposed ADF extension on localised habitats and species of conservation concern. More detail of the surveys undertaken is presented in Section 6.2.2 of the EIAR. The site visit was also used to review the connectivity (hydrological or other pathways) of the ADF to Natura 2000 sites.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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EPA Export 20-12-2018:03:50:38 Derraghan Ash Disposal Facility Development 4 Screening for Appropriate Assessment 4.1 Introduction Screening determines whether appropriate assessment is necessary by examining: 1. Whether a plan or project can be excluded from AA requirements because it is directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site, and 2. The potential effects of a project or plan, either alone or in-combination with other projects or plans, on a Natura 2000 site in view of its conservation objectives and considering whether these effects will be significant (DoEHLG, 2009). The proposed development is not directly connected with or necessary to the management of any Natura 2000 site. Screening for AA involves the following: 1. Description of project; 2. Identification of relevant Natura 2000 sites and compilation of information on their qualifying interests and conservation objectives; 3. Assessment of likely effects – direct, indirect and cumulative; and 4. Screening statement with conclusions.

4.2 Description of project 4.2.1 Site context Derraghan ADF is located approximately 10 km from the LRP Station as shown in Volume 3 - Figure 1.1: LRP Station & ADF Site Location Map.

For inspection purposes only. The site is in a remoteConsent rural of copyright area owner located required approximately for any other use. 1 km south of the R392

(Lanesborough to Ballymahon) Road. Lanesborough is approximately 9 km to the northwest, and Ballymahon approximately 12 km to the southeast. The site is served by a dedicated access way from the R392, and also by a privately owned railway line owned and operated by Bord na Móna. This railway links the LRP Station and the ADF site, facilitating the transfer of both peat and ash into, and out of, the power station. It is also utilised by other Bord na Móna rail traffic not associated with the ash site. The surrounding area is characterised by tracts of cutaway bog land, scrub woodland and mixed farmland. Adjoining bog land is commercially harvested for peat on an ongoing basis. Opposite the site entrance, to the north of the R392, the Irish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ISPCA) operates an animal centre – the only non-farming activity noted in the area. Within the wider area, the landscape is predominantly rural, with small residential farms creating a relatively uniform pattern of low hedgerows and bank-enclosed fields. Rural residences are also dispersed throughout the area either clustered around original farms or as roadside ribbon development.

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The ADF was designed to exclusively accept peat ash from the LRP station and was originally developed in 2004 over a 33 ha site, on an area of bogland. It was designed to accommodate dry peat ash over the operational life of the powerstation. Ash is transported from the powerstation by means of a private Bord na Móna rail line which traverses areas of cutaway bog to the east and south of Lanesborough. That rail line crosses the Regional Road – the R392, at the entrance to the facility, and continues southwards to the ADF. This rail-line is also utilised by other Bord na Móna rail traffic not associated with the ash site. The ADF is currently operated in accordance with the LRP Station’s IE Licence P- 0610-02. Condition 3.13 of that licence requires a Landfill Operational Plan to be approved by the EPA and implemented.

4.2.2 Current operation The landfill is operated in accordance with the power station’s IE Licence P-0610-02 and in particular Condition 3.13 which requires a Landfill Operational Plan to be approved by the EPA. Bord na Móna Energy Limited are contracted by the ESB to develop and operate the ADF. The Bord na Móna Engineering Department, who are independent of Bord na Móna Energy Ltd, ensure that the facility is developed and operated in accordance with the agreed Specified Engineering Works required under all relevant licence conditions. 4.2.2.1 Cell Construction When each cell is first being commissioned, the floor and sides of the cell are excavated, prepared and lined (on the base and sides) with a geosynthetic clay liner. The liner is placed in sections with ash stockpiled for spreading on the base as the remainder of the floor liner is placed. Any leachate from the temporarily lined area is For inspection purposes only. contained during theseConsent works. of copyright In addition, owner required the for sides any other of use. the embankments are lined to

1m height when the base of the cell is lined and the embankments are lined to full height when the cell is operational. The existing cells 1 to 6 have liner to 1m above the cell floor; whereas Cell 7 has a liner to the full height of the embankment. All future cells will be constructed to the same standard used in Cell 7. 4.2.2.2 Disposal Activity at the ADF The ash is brought from the powerstation to the ADF site by means of the dedicated rail line. Typical movements of ash between the powerstation and the ADF site comprise two to three locomotive runs per day resulting in six movements across the level crossing across the R392. The ADF operates in compliance with the EPA’s IE Licence Conditions P0610-02. This requires the ADF to be fully in compliance with the EU Landfill Directive (Directive 1999/3 1/EC on the landfill of waste) and the Landfill Operational Plan must incorporate all relevant requirements of the Directive regarding the design, construction, operation and aftercare management of the landfills. On-site, the location of the off-loading area within the ADF is dependent on which cell is operational and access is arranged by relocation of the temporary rail tracks on

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EPA Export 20-12-2018:03:50:38 Derraghan Ash Disposal Facility Development the site. Tracks are aligned so the ash can be tipped from the rake into each cell where it is spread, compacted and levelled by a front-end loader to prevent any ponding of water on the surface. Once the cell is full, it is covered with a top liner and a 1m deep peat capping layer which seals the cell. Each cell is separated from the adjoining cells by inter-cell embankments and by external embankments. Leachate is drained from each cell and is recirculated or pumped to the existing leachate storage lagoon.

4.2.3 Future operation Based on a void space assessment, the ADF has a remaining capacity of some 203,936 tonnes as of the end of December 2016. However, while the void space remains, planning permission for the site only allows for the disposal of 550,000 tonnes of ash so the site will reach its permitted capacity in Q2 – Q3 2018. Arising from this 550,000 tonnes limit the full potential of the site cannot be realised in the absence of a modification to the planning permission. Permission will therefore be sought for the disposal of up to 130,000 additional tonnes of ash at the ADF site to the period ending on 31st December 2020. The disposal activity will be for a duration that is in-line with the overall parent permission for Lough Ree Power. In parallel with an application for planning permission, the ESB will liaise with the EPA in relation to necessary modifications to the existing IE Licence P0610-02 necessary to accommodate the additional ash. Upon the cessation of power generation and disposal activities, the closure requirements outlined in the prevailing planning and licensing consents and as required by the EPA will be adhered to.

The following characteristics For of inspection the proposed purposes only. future operation of the ADF should be Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. noted:  The proposed activity will only take place within the lifetime of the permission as set down in Condition No. 2 of PL14.125540, i.e. 31st December 2020.  The overall LRP development will remain compliant with planning permission issued under PL14.125540 and all the planning conditions attached to that. Specific conditions relating to the ADF in Condition Nos. 15, 16 and 17, will continue to be complied with.  There will be no physical change to the ADF cell structure as permitted by PL14.125540 in terms of site coverage and heights.  The deposition limit is not restricted by a specific condition of the extant permission but is referred to in the EIS and the description of development.  The site will continue to exclusively accept ash from Lough Ree Power.  There will be no intensification of activity at the ADF as the rate of deposition will remain constant.

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 There will be no increase in the levels of rail or planning approved road traffic as a consequence of the proposed development.  There will be no change in the physical appearance or extent of the ADF once deposition activities cease in 2020 as the landscaping plan will not be affected by the additional ash deposition.  There will be no increase in the plant required on site or the noise generated.  There should be no increase in the volume of leachate produced due to the increased volume of ash as cells are capped as they are filled.  The continued deposition will still be subject to an EPA IE Licence. In summary, from a planning and environmental perspective, this is not a new development and merely involves continuing an existing and permitted activity that has been ongoing for 12 years. As the activity has been ongoing for such a prolonged period the environmental effects are well understood. Therefore the characteristics of the receiving environment; the characteristics of the permitted activity; and the potential environmental impacts of the development, are fully understood and can be reliably assessed. This provides invaluable information that is reflected in the EIA scoping stage.

4.2.4 Associated Activities As noted previously, associated with the proposed development will be on-going generation activity at the Lough Ree Power powerstation and an on-going demand for milled peat as a fuel source. 4.2.4.1 Power generation at Lough Ree Power

The power station covers approximately For inspection purposes 36 only. hectares (ha) and is adjacent to the site Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. of ESB’s former Lanesboro Generating Station, which operated as a peat burning power station from the early-1960s until its closure in 2004. It comprises a single boiler/turbine unit with an electrical output of 100 MW and its main features are as follows:  Main building housing fluidised-bed boiler and 100 MWe rated turbo- alternator unit.  Fuel handling system comprising peat wagon tipplers, screens, conveyors and an intermediate peat storage (IPS) facility.  Water treatment plant (WTP) for processing of water prior to its storage and use in the boiler.  Cooling water system, comprising a pumphouse, inlet and outlet culverts and outfall, for condenser cooling.  Flue gas system comprising cyclone separators and bag filters for removal of peat ash from exhaust gases.  Chimney (base diameter 7 m, height 80 m) for discharge of exhaust gases to the atmosphere.  Ash handling system comprising conveying systems and storage silos.

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 Oil tank for storage of auxiliary fuel.  Storage facilities for limestone, lime and sand.  Generator transformers, high voltage switchgear, and unit and house transformers.  Supporting facilities including the following: o administration offices o fire protection system o auxiliary cooling water system o fuel oil pumphouse o diesel generator o chemicals storage tanks o chemical laboratory (limited wet analysis is undertaken) o sewage treatment plant o workshop and stores

The structural form of station buildings is conventional structural steel supported on reinforced concrete foundations. Gantries and walkways for access to plant and equipment are constructed of stainless/galvanised steel open grating type flooring. These are supported on steel beams and columns. External walls comprise profiled metal cladding and roofs are constructed of profiled metal decking on purlins spanning between rafters. The materials used pose no environmental threat in the event of station closure. The LRP Station has a net electrical output of 100MWe and produced approximately 776,197 MWHrs of electricity in 2016 under its Public Service Obligation (PSO). The station combusted some 879,699 tonnes of peat and approximately 65m3 of light fuel oil in 20162.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 4.2.4.2 Peat supply from Bord na Móna bogs The peat that fuels the LRP is harvested by Bord na Móna at a number of supply bogs. These activities are regulated by the EPA under Industrial Pollution and Control (IPC) Licence Registration Numbers P0501-01 (Derrygreenagh Group), P0502-01 (Blackwater Group), P0503- 01 (Allen Group) and P0504- 01 (Mountdillon Group). It is noted that many private operators also operate within the same area as Bord na Móna, however, their peat harvesting activities are generally not licensed by the EPA. The locations of the bogs that will continue to supply milled peat to Lough Ree Power powerstation up to the end of 2020 are presented in Volume 3 - Figure 1.3: Location of Bord na Móna Supply Bogs and Table 4-1. Milled peat production requires good drying conditions and can commence anytime from mid-April onwards, once suitable drying conditions exist.

2 Lough Ree Power Station - PO610-02 - AER 2016 Volume 4 - Appendix 6-1 AA Screening 11

EPA Export 20-12-2018:03:50:38 Derraghan Ash Disposal Facility Development There are four stages to the production of milled peat; 1. Milling - During the milling process the top 10-15 mm of the surface of each field is broken into peat crumbs by powered milling drums towed behind agricultural tractors. This layer of crumbed or milled peat is called a crop and has a moisture content of about 80% when milled; 2. Harrowing - After milling, the peat crop is dried. To assist in this drying, the loose peat is harrowed, or turned over. The harrow consists of a series of spoons which are towed behind an agricultural tractor; 3. Ridging - When the milled peat has dried to 45-55% moisture content it is gathered into ridges in the centre of each field. The ridger consists of a pair of blades towed in an open V behind an agricultural tractor. The open V blades rest on the bog and channel the loose crop into a triangular ridge in the centre of each field. This ridge is now ready to be harvested; and 4. Harvesting - Harvesting is the final stage of the milled peat production process. Each individual ridge is lifted mechanically, by a machine called a harvester, transferred and dropped on top of the adjoining field’s ridge, until five ridges have been accumulated into a single large ridge. This ridge forms the final lift into the peat storage stockpile.

Typically every 11th field is used to stockpile the peat from the output of five fields either side; this is referred to as the ‘Peco’ method. This is the typical method employed at the bogs that supply peat to Lough Ree Power station. In some areas a system known as “Haku” is utilized where the harvested peat is deposited into trailers and transported to a central stockpile on the headland. A stock field typically receives the crops from 10 fields i.e. five fields on either side. Weather permitting, the miller follows the harvester and the production cycle For inspection purposes only. recommences in the emptiedConsent of copyrightfields. owner Each required production for any other use. cycle is known as a harvest. In a year, of average weather conditions, approximately 12 harvests are completed. When the production season is over, the stockpiles are covered to keep the peat dry, unless the peat is scheduled for immediate sale. Peat is stored in these stockpiles until they are required for use. At this stage the milled peat is loaded into wagons and transported by narrow gauge railway to the powerstation. Peat production areas are served by a network of permanent rail tracks, approximately one metre in width. Temporary tracks are also constructed as required to transfer milled peat from peat production areas. The majority of the supply bogs are gravity drained, however some are pumped. Drainage water (surface water run-off) from the peat production areas is discharged to the nearest watercourse via a silt pond treatment system. Typically drains have been installed at approximately 15 metre intervals across the bog and connect to perimeter drains that convey the water to a series of settlement/silt ponds. Silt generation is in the order of 50 m3/hectare/annum. The silt pond design criterion of 2 metres per hectare has been applied by Bord na Móna Energy Limited based on sampling, catchment and rainfall assessments.

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EPA Export 20-12-2018:03:50:38 Derraghan Ash Disposal Facility Development Peat silt particles have a low specific gravity of between 1.02 and 1.04, requiring a minimum residence time of 6 hours to settle out of suspension. Ponds are designed to be 8 metres wide by 1.5 metres deep, providing 12 m3 of storage per metre run or 24 m3 per 2 metre run per hectare. A net capacity of 50 m3 per hectare that is cleaned at least twice annually equates to the design criteria of 25 m3 per hectare per year. A total of 119 silt ponds are associated with IPC Licenses P0501-01 and P0503-01, the number and siting of the silt ponds are based on an assessment of sub-catchment areas carried out by Bord na Móna Energy Limited in 2012.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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EPA Export 20-12-2018:03:50:38 Derraghan Ash Disposal Facility Development Table 4-1: Peat Supply Bogs utilised to supply LRP Station, 2018 – 2020

Supply Bog Supply Bog Active Harvesting Grouping Area (hectares) Derrygreenagh Derryhinch 212 Drumman 224 Toar 268 Ballybeg 280 Ballivor 182 Carranstown 178 Bracklin 117 Rossan Bogs 212 Daingean Bog 406 Allen Esker 421 Clonad 255 Ballykean 293 Mountlucas 402 Blackwater Boughill 303 Castlegar 336 Derryfadda 408 Gowla 287 Killaderry Bog 327 Mountdillon Derraghan 26 Derryadd 1 357 Derryadd 2 175 Derryadd 3/Lough Bannow 400 Derryshannoge 268 Killashee 79 Derrycashel 75 Granaghan 125 For inspection purposes only. Consent ofDerryarogue copyright owner required for any other use. 369 Mountdillon 210 Begnagh 195 Clooneeny 233 Erenagh 52 Moher/Clontuskert 321 Cloonshannagh 307 Derrycolumb 395 Derrymoylin 168 Edera 175 Coolcraff 155 Coolnagun 252 Milkernagh 275

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4.3 Elements of the project with potential for having significant environmental effects

The area is currently used as an ash landfill facility (capped), ash landfill facility (active) and disturbed areas managed in advance of landfilling amounts to 10 ha. The current area of bog woodland and scrub within the footprint of cell 12 equates to 0.87 ha. The developed footprint of the ADF presently consists of capped landfill with recolonizing bare ground and active landfill (exposed bare ground with ash mounds). Habitats outside the ADF development boundary comprise bog woodland and transitional scrub to the west and north and bare peat harvesting fields to the south and east. Potential indirect impacts associated with the ongoing operation of LRP Station and the associated harvesting of peat from the respective supply bogs to 2020 are also considered in Section 5.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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EPA Export 20-12-2018:03:50:38 Derraghan Ash Disposal Facility Development 5 Description of Natura 2000 Sites All Natura 2000 Sites within 15 km of the Derraghan ADF were identified. In addition, Natura 2000 Sites within approximately 15 kilometres of the various LRP station supply bogs were also identified. Table 5-1 presents information relating to the Natura 2000 sites within 15 km of Lough Ree Power ADF (or those hydrologically connected to the ADF). Table 5-2 presents information relating to all Natura 2000 sites within 15 km LRP station and any of its respective supply bogs (or those hydrologically connected to such supply bogs). Designated site GIS data was downloaded from npws.ie (SACs: March 2017 Revision / SPAs: January 2017 Revision). This was displayed and queried locally in ArcGIS. The Derraghan ADF and LRP station are not within the boundary of any Natura 2000 site; there are number of supply bogs in close proximity to Natura 2000 sites, while the power station discharges cooling water to the River Shannon upstream of Lough Ree. The locations and extent of the aforementioned supply bogs and their proximity to Natura 2000 sites in the region is presented in Volume 3 - Figure 6.3: SACs and SPAs within 15 km of Supply Bogs and in Table 5-1 and Table 5-2 below. A screening of the potential for significant impacts is carried out in Section 6. Impacts to the majority of Natura 2000 sites can be screened out on the basis of physical distance between locations and the absence of impact pathways. The potential for significant effects on the identified Natura 2000 Sites from the continued use and operation of the Derraghan ADF (and by inference, the continuing operation of the powerstation and respective peat supply bogs to the end of 2020) are also discussed.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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Table 5-1 Natura 2000 sites within 15 km of Lough Ree Power ADF

Designated site Distance from Qualifying Interest / Special Conservation Interest Description (as presented in Natura 2000 Data Form)

ADF Conservation objectives indicated as appropriate [R, M , G, U]

R = Restore specific QI/SCI M = Maintain specific QI/SCI G = Generic CO for all QI/SCI in N2000 site, i.e. Maintain or Restore U = Site-specific Conservation Objective Under Review Lough Ree SAC 4 km  Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition - type A large mesotrophic moderate-eutrophic lake situated in an ice deepened depression in carboniferous limestone vegetation [3150] [R] on the River Shannon. Greater part is less than 10 m in depth but there are deep troughs from north to south of (6.5 km along  Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates depths between 17-33 m. Lough Ree has a long and much indented shoreline, mostly stony with some gravel hydrological (Festuco-Brometalia) (*important orchid sites) [6210] [R] and sand. In parts, reed swamp, alkaline fen, bog, freshwater marshes, wet and dry grassland and wet woodland pathway)  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] occurs. Numerous islands, some wooded, occur in the lake. Dry broad-leaved woodland of good quality is  Alkaline fens [7230] [M] included in site. Lough Ree is surrounded by agricultural land of moderate to high intensity and is close to Athlone  Limestone pavements [8240] [M] town. Eutrophication may be a problem but at present Lough Ree is less affected than other midland lakes,  Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles [91A0] [U] notably Lough Derg.  Bog woodland [91D0] [R] One of the largest and most important lakes in Ireland, Lough Ree is an excellent example of a natural eutrophic  Lutra lutra (Otter) [1355] [M] system. The old oak woods at the site are considered the best in the midlands. The site also contains very good

examples of degraded raised bog much of which retain a typical raised bog flora and which could be improved by restoration works. Bog woodland is also represented though some of this is planted Pinus species. A further area of wet woodland on cutover peat is notable for the abundance of Frangula alnus. Good to moderate examples of alkaline fens and calcareous dry grasslands also occur. Limestone pavement with species-rich woodland occurs at Rathcline. Several Red Data plant species occur. Lutra lutra is frequent on the site and the fish Coregonus autumnalis pollan has been recorded. It is an important bird site for wintering and breeding waterfowl, and has a colony of Sterna hirundo. It is of particular importance for the breeding population of Melanitta nigra, as it is one of only three sites for the species in Ireland. Water quality of the lake is considered good. Lough Ree SPA 4 km  Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) [A004] [G] Situated on the River Shannon between Lanesborough and Athlone, Lough Ree is the third largest lake in the  Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) [A038] [G] Republic of Ireland. It lies in an ice-deepened depression in Carboniferous Limestone. Some of its features (6.5 km along (including the islands) are based on glacial drift. The main inflowing rivers are the Shannon, Inny and Hind, and hydrological  Wigeon (Anas penelope) [A050] [G] Anas crecca For inspection purposesthe main only. outflowing river is the Shannon. The greater part of Lough Ree is less than 10 m in depth, but there are pathway)  Teal ( ) [A052] [G] Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.  Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) [A053] [G] six deep troughs running from north to south, reaching a maximum depth of about 36 m just west of Inchmore.  Shoveler (Anas clypeata) [A056] [G] The lake has a very long, indented shoreline and hence has many sheltered bays. It also has a good scattering  Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) [A061] [G] of islands, most of which are included in the site. The lake is classified as a mesotrophic system. The water of Lough Ree tends to be strongly peat-stained, restricting macrophytes to depths of less than 2 m. Swamp  Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra) [A065] [G] vegetation, especially of Phragmites australis, occurs in the sheltered areas around the lake. The swamp often  Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) [A067] [G] grades to species-rich calcareous fen or freshwater marsh. Lowland wet grassland, some of which floods in  Coot (Fulica atra) [A125] [G] winter, is found in abundance around the shore. Some of the islands are wooded.  Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria) [A140] [G]  Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) [A142] [G] Lough Ree is one of the most important Midland sites for wintering waterfowl, with nationally important  Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) [A193] [G] populations of Anas penelope, Anas crecca, Anas acuta, Anas clypeata, Aythya fuligula and Bucephala clangula.  Wetland and Waterbirds [A999] [G] Nationally important populations of Pluvialis apricaria and Vanellus vanellus are also associated with the lake. Regionally important numbers of Cygnus cygnus and Anser albifrons flavirostris are also found in the vicinity of the lake. The site supports a nationally important population of Sterna hirundo. Larus ridibundus breeds (nationally important) and Larus fuscus and Larus canus have bred in the past (recent census information is poor). Lough Ree is an important site for breeding duck and grebes, with Aythya fuligula and Podiceps cristatus having populations of national importance. Of particular note is that it is one of the two main sites in the country for breeding Melanitta nigra, a Red Data Book species. The woodland around the lake is a stronghold for Sylvia borin and this scarce species probably occurs on some of the islands within the SPA. Lutra lutra is frequent within the site and the fish Coregonus autumnalis pollan occurs.

Ballykenny-Fisherstown 12.5 km  Greenland White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons flavirostris) [A395] [G] Site is situated in the north central midlands overlying Carboniferous limestone. Lough Forbes is a naturally Bog SPA eutrophic lake on the Shannon system and is fed also from the north by the River Rinn. The lake has well

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Designated site Distance from Qualifying Interest / Special Conservation Interest Description (as presented in Natura 2000 Data Form)

ADF Conservation objectives indicated as appropriate [R, M , G, U]

R = Restore specific QI/SCI M = Maintain specific QI/SCI G = Generic CO for all QI/SCI in N2000 site, i.e. Maintain or Restore U = Site-specific Conservation Objective Under Review developed swamp vegetation and displays natural transition to seasonally flooded grassland, marsh and raised bog. The raised bogs, known as the Ballykenny-Fishertown complex, are separated by the Camlin River, which has further areas of callow grassland. The Castle Forbes estate on the eastern shore of the lake is extensively planted with mature semi-natural woodland, including some stands of old oak.

This site has important examples of several habitats listed on Annex I of the EU Directive, notably active raised bog, degraded raised bog, naturally eutrophic lakes and old oak woodlands. The lake and callow grasslands provide good habitat for a range of wintering waterfowl species, including regionally important flocks of Cygnus cygnus, Anas crecca and Anas penelope. Species such as Phalacrocorax carbo and Aythya fuligula are also represented but in low numbers. The bogs were formerly used by wintering Anser albifrons flavirostris but these appear to have been now abandoned in favour of grassland sites elsewhere. Falco columbarius has been recorded and may breed in the site. Lagopus lagopus occurs on the bogs.

Brown Bog SAC 12.5 km  Active raised bogs [7110] [R] Brown Bog is a small midland raised bog situated approximately 7 km west of Longford town. Uncut high bog  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] accounts for a relatively high proportion (c.70%) of the site, though the largest part of this is classified as  Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion [7150] [R] degraded bog. The high bog is surrounded by a rim of cutover bog, much of which has been invaded by Betula pubescens scrub. Other habitats in the cutover zone are broad-leaved woodland, a small stand of planted conifers, and some wet grassland. A large area of cutover bog to the east of the site has recently been planted with conifers.

Brown Bog is one of the best examples of a small, relatively intact midland raised bog in Ireland at present. The active bog is characterised by flat, quaking areas with frequent pools and with a wet flush. Sphagnum cover is high and includes the relatively rare S. imbricatum and S. fuscum. Lichen cover, mainly Cladonia spp., is high. The degraded area of high bog is relatively undisturbed and considered a good example of the habitat. It is possible that a significant portion of the degraded bog could be re-wetted in the future. Rhynchosporion vegetation is well-developed and of good quality. Lagopus lagopus, a threatened and Red listed species in For inspection purposesIreland, only. has been reported from the site. In general, this small bog is of good quality and has been relatively Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. free of damaging activities such as peat-cutting and drainage. Mount Jessop Bog SAC 8.7 km  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] Mount Jessop Bog SAC occurs within the larger raised bog system that is designated as Mount Jessop Bog NHA  Bog Woodland* [91D0] [R] (001450). It is situated 5 km south-west of Longford Town in the townland of Mount Jessop, Co. Longford. The site is part of a basin raised bog that includes both areas of high bog and cutover bog.

Conifer plantations at the site were all felled by 2012. All of the intensive drainage systems associated with the plantations were blocked by 2013 as part of an EU-funded LIFE project so as to raise the water table and restore Active Raised Bog (ARB) on the site. Prior to the felling, there were relatively few bog species present in the plantations except along fire breaks and at plantation margins. With the clear-felling of conifers and blocking of drains the high bog appears to be re-wetting, water-levels in some areas now remain high throughout the year and limited areas of wet flats and hollows are developing. As a consequence, raised bog vegetation has returned, with Heather and Hare’s-tail Cottongrass dominating, while Common Cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium), Bog Asphodel and White Beak-sedge are locally common and small amounts of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and Cross-leaved Heath are widespread. Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) and Soft Rush (Juncus effuses) are also present. Bog mosses are regenerating, including Sphagnum papillosum, S. capillifolium, S. palustre and S. subnitens, with Sphagnum cuspidatum and S. recurvum in drains. However, the majority of the restored areas have not yet developed vegetation characteristic of the wet bog conditions. Associated with the bog species there is the development of a considerable amount of ruderal vegetation such as Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and willowherbs (Epilobium spp.) with conifer and birch regeneration. This situation is expected to improve over time as the bog surface becomes wetter.

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Designated site Distance from Qualifying Interest / Special Conservation Interest Description (as presented in Natura 2000 Data Form)

ADF Conservation objectives indicated as appropriate [R, M , G, U]

R = Restore specific QI/SCI M = Maintain specific QI/SCI G = Generic CO for all QI/SCI in N2000 site, i.e. Maintain or Restore U = Site-specific Conservation Objective Under Review Corbo Bog SAC 12.5 km  Active raised bogs [7110] [R] Corbo Bog is a medium sized raised bog located 7 km west of Lanesborough village in Co. Roscommon. It is  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] one of a number of raised bogs in the area, though most of these have been cut to supply peat to power stations.  Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion [7150] [R] The bog overlies Carboniferous limestone bedrock. Almost 60% of the site is uncut high bog though most of this is classified as degraded bog. The area of high bog is L-shaped and rather narrow. Cutover bog, often invaded by Betula pubescens scrub, surrounds much of the high bog. Some small areas of wet grassland are included in the site.

The uncut surface of Corbo Bog contains a small but substantial area of active raised bog, which includes a few small flushed areas. There is a good Sphagnum cover and species diversity, including the relatively rare Sphagnum imbricatum and S. fuscum. The active area is within a larger area of degraded raised bog. The degraded bog retains a typical raised bog flora, although there is little or no evidence of an active catotelm in the degraded areas. Rhynchosporion vegetation is well-developed in the wetter areas of the high bog and includes Rhynchospora fusca, which is a relatively rare species in Ireland. Overall, this site contains a reasonably large area of uncut high bog.

Fortwilliam Turlough 4.4 km  Turloughs [3180] [G] The turlough area includes a more or less permanent waterbody with scattered reeds, a woodland which is partly SAC flooded in winter, ungrazed tall herb vegetation and grassland. There is considerable precipitation of marl (CaCO3) associated with ground water input and a lack of surface flow. Rock outcrops occur on the North East side with boulders on the turlough floor.

Fortwilliam is the most important turlough in Co. Longford and the 004 NUTS region and one of only two good examples east of the Shannon. It has a diverse vegetation with particularly large stands of nutrient-poor marsh containing normally calcifuge plants. The woodland is also unusual and goes with a historic low intensity of grazing. There is no sign of drainage in the basin and little sign of eutrophication.

Lough Forbes Complex 12.5 km  Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition - type A complex of naturally eutrophic lake, fed by the River Shannon and Rinn River, with extensive reed bed SAC vegetation [3150] [R] development, and natural transitions to flooded grasslands, marsh and two active raised bogs. The Castle Forbes For inspection purposes only.  Active raised bogs [7110] [R] Consent of copyright ownerestate required on for theany othereastern use. shore of the lake is extensively planted with mature semi-natural woodland, including some  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] stands of old oak wood. The site is located in the north central midlands, at a low elevation, and overlies  Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion [7150] [R] Carboniferous Limestone with a variable thickness of glacial tills.  Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Lough Forbes Complex is an extensive and important midland site which contains significant examples of the Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) [91E0] [R] Annex I habitats natural eutrophic lake, active raised bog, alluvial woodlands, degraded raised bog and Rhynchosporion vegetation. Other habitats of note occurring include mixed ash/oak woodland, dry grassland and cutover raised bog. In many areas there are good examples of relatively undisturbed transitions from lake and river to adjoining terrestrial habitats such as wet grassland and raised bog. The lake, callow and raised bog areas provide feeding and roosting sites for a flock of wintering Anser albifrons flavirostris. The site is within a breeding territory of Falco columbarius.

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Table 5-2 Natura 2000 sites within 15 km of Lough Ree Power powerstation or respective supply bogs

Lough Ree SPA 0 km (Edera) Refer to Table 5-1 Refer to Table 5-1

Ballykenny-Fisherstown 0.3 km Refer to Table 5-1 Refer to Table 5-1 Bog SPA (Begnagh)

Brown Bog SAC 0.8 km Refer to Table 5-1 Refer to Table 5-1 (Clooneeny)

Mount Jessop Bog SAC 2.1 km Refer to Table 5-1 Refer to Table 5-1 (Clooneeny)

Corbo Bog SAC 0.7 km (Moher) Refer to Table 5-1 Refer to Table 5-1

Fortwilliam Turlough 1.8 km Refer to Table 5-1 Refer to Table 5-1 SAC (Derryshanoge)

Lough Forbes Complex 0.3 km Refer to Table 5-1 Refer to Table 5-1 SAC (Begnagh)

Annaghmore Lough 8.9 km  Alkaline fens [7230] [G] Annaghmore Lough is located 5 km north-west of Strokestown, Co. Roscommon. The site contains a good example (Roscommon) SAC (Granaghan)  Vertigo geyeri (Geyer's Whorl Snail) [1013] [G] of alkaline fen vegetation. While the extent of the habitat is relatively small, it supports a range of typical species including scarce plants such as Eriophorum latifolium and several orchid species. Alkaline fen is nowadays a scarce habitat in Co. Roscommon. A population of Vertigo geyeri has been recorded at this site as recently as 2001. Ardagullion Bog SAC 5.0 km  Active raised bogs [7110] [R] Ardagullion is a small raised bog located 6 km north-east of Edgeworthstown, Co. Longford. The site comprises a (Milkernagh)  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] substantial area of uncut high bog, though much of this is classified as degraded. Although Ardagullion Bog is rather For inspection purposes only.  Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion [7150]Consent [R] of copyright ownersmall required in terms for any of otherraised use. bog sites, the bog retains a relatively large and wet central area which is classified as active bog. A substantial area of Rhynchosporion vegetation is present, most of which is associated with the wet central active area. Aughrim (Aghrane) Bog 4.8 km (Boughill)  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] Aughrim Bog is located 4 km north-west of Ballygar mainly in the townlands Monasternallea (Abbeygrey), SAC Knockaunrainy and Aghrane (Castlekelly) in Co. Galway. The site comprises a raised bog that includes both areas of high bog and cutover bog. This site supports a good diversity of raised bog microhabitats, including hummock/hollow complexes, pools and flushes. Ballinturly Turlough 9.3 km (Boughill)  Turloughs [3180] [G] Ballinturly occupies a large v-shaped basin close to the River Suck and in contact with it in high floods. Ballinturly is SAC the fourth largest active turlough still extant and has a wide range of habitat and vegetation. Despite a seasonal connection with the Suck the groundwater is oligotrophic enough to support normally calcifuge water plants. The site also is the base for a large wintering bird population, including Anser albifrons, which uses adjacent smaller sites also. Ballygar (Aghrane) Bog 4.0 km (Boughill)  Active raised bogs [7110] [R] Ballygar (Aghrane) Bog SAC occurs within the larger raised bog system that is designated as Ballygar Bog NHA SAC  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] (000229). It is situated 2.0 km northwest of Ballygar in the townland of Aghrane, in Co. Galway. The site occurs on the north-western corner of a raised bog that includes both areas of high bog and cutover bog. The underlying geology is carboniferous limestone.

A wide variety of vegetation/habitat types occur within the site. The main ones are open high bog, recently cleared forestry on high bog and cutover bog and a lagg-type woodland. The site is bordered by open high bog on its eastern and south-eastern margins, by forestry on cutover bog on its northern margin and by agricultural grassland on its western and south-western side. Young trees of Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) are encroaching onto the adjacent high bog to the south and east of the site through natural regeneration. The site has been intensively drained and

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Castlesampson Esker 6.6 km  Turloughs [3180] [G] The site is dominated by a steep-sided esker composed of glacial gravels. The vegetation of most of the esker is of SAC (Castlesampson)  Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous dry grassland, with small amounts of scrub scattered throughout. The importance of this site lies in its almost intact substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites) [6210] [G] structure, something that is very rare in Irish eskers, in its relatively undisturbed nature and in the presence of good quality, species-rich, dry, calcareous grassland. The absence of large blocks of scrub on the esker is notable. This grassland vegetation supports a rich variety of species, some of which are rare on eskers or in the midlands, including four orchid species. Charleville Wood SAC 12.6 km (Toar)  Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles [91A0] Considered one of a very few ancient woodlands in Ireland, with some parts undisturbed for at least 200 years. [G] Notable for its size and the occurrence of several rare insect species, particularly Mycetobia obscura. The lake  Vertigo moulinsiana (Desmoulin's Whorl Snail) [1016] [G] attracts locally to regionally important numbers of waterfowl. The site supports a large population of the rare snail Vertigo moulinsiana. Clara Bog SAC 12.8 km (Toar)  Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous Clara Bog is a very good example of a large midland raised bog which contains examples of the Annex I habitats substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites) [6210] [R] active raised bog, degraded raised bog, bog woodland, depressions on peat substrates (Rhynchosporion) and  Active raised bogs [7110] [R] orchid-rich calcareous grassland. Clara Bog has been subject to detailed hydrological and ecological studies.  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R]  Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion [7150] [R]Bog woodland [91D0] [M] Clooneen Bog SAC 0.4 km  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] Clooneen Bog is located on the east bank of the River Shannon, approximately 3 km south-east of Roosky, Co. (Derrymoylin)  Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion [7150] [R] Longford. This is a relatively large midland raised bog complex which is one of the most northerly in the country.  Bog woodland [91D0] [M] Although the high bog surface is rather dry and predominantly classified as degraded bog there is good habitat diversity, with wet bog woodland, pool systems and flush areas present.

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This Coillte owned site was never afforested and the main conservation problem for the bog was drying out due to drainage associated with peat cutting in the past and possibly the arterial drainage of the River Inny. The drainage also has facilitated the spread of birch and the invasive conifer Lodgepole Pine onto the bog. The main drains associated with the turf cutting were blocked in 2013/14 and the Lodgepole Pine and birch controlled where necessary in 2014 as part of an EU funded Coillte LIFE project Demonstrating Best Practice in Raised Bog Restoration in Ireland. The objective of that project was to raise the water table and restore Active Raised Bog and Bog Woodland on the site. With the blocking of drains, the cutover bog is re-wetting and water-levels in some areas now remain high throughout the year and limited areas of wet flats and hollows are developing. Four Roads Turlough 2.9 km (Boughill)  Turloughs [3180] [G] Four Roads Turlough lies 2.5 km from the Suck River. It is an open, shallow basin without permanent standing water. SAC It seems to flood predictably and dry out quite early. The vegetation is uniform in general and of two main types - grass in the east and sedges in the west. The site is used as a refuge or feeding area by herbivorous wildfowl and waders – some of which occur in numbers of national importance. Garriskil Bog SAC 0.2 km  Active raised bogs [7110] [R] Garriskil bog is a medium-sized raised bog site which contains good examples of the Annex I habitats active raised For inspection purposes only. (Coolnagaun)  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120]Consent [R] of copyright ownerbog, requireddegraded for any raised other use. bog and depressions on peat substrates (Rhynchosporion). A large proportion of the uncut

 Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion [7150] [R] high bog (c. 40%) comprises very wet active raised bog, an unusually high figure for raised bogs in the eastern half of the country. Girley (Drewstown) Bog 12.9 km  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] Girley (Drewstown) Bog SAC occurs within the larger raised bog system that is designated as Girley Bog NHA SAC (Bracklin) (001580). It is situated 5.5 km north of Athboy in the townland of Drewstown, Co. Meath. The site is part of a raised bog that includes both areas of high bog and cutover bog.

Most of the conifers in the SAC were removed and the intensive drainage system associated with it was blocked by 2013 as part of an EU LIFE-funded Coillte project Demonstrating Best Practice in Raised Bog Restoration in Ireland so as to raise the water table and restore Active Raised Bog on the site. With the clear-felling of conifers and blocking of drains, water-levels on the high bog have risen and remain high throughout the year. As a consequence, raised bog vegetation has returned to the wetter areas of the high bog. Glenloughaun Esker 9.3 km  Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous This small site is situated on an esker ridge approximately 5 km south-west of Ballinasloe in Co. Galway. It comprises SAC (Castlegar) substrates (Festuco Brorneta/ia)(impoiant orchid sites) [6210] [G] mostly unimproved dry grassland. A feature of the site is the somewhat unusual mixture of calcicole and calcifuge species. Killeglan Grassland 2.3 km  Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous Species rich calcareous grassland covers 81% of the site and in places forms a mosaic with scrub and shattered SAC (Derryfadda) substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites) [6210] [G] limestone outcrops. The site is one of the most important sites in Ireland for the legally protected species of orchid Orchis morio (Flora Protection Order 1987). Lisduff Turlough SAC 6.2 km (Boughill)  Turloughs [3180] [G] Lisduff turlough has a semi-permanent inflow from the north-west arm and the site is relatively wet with good development of fen peat. The turlough has a good zonation of oligotrophic vegetation which is unusual. It has more

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Bog/Glenamaddy (Boughill)  Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. site supports very good examples of the Annex I habitats active raised bog, turlough, degraded raised bog and Turlough SAC vegetation [3270] [M] Rhynchosporion vegetation. The raised bog present constitutes the second largest extant area of uncut raised bog  Active raised bogs [7110] [R] surface in the country. The turlough system is also large and is important from an ornithological point of view  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] supporting populations of Anser albifrons flavirostris, Cygnus columbianus bewickii and Cygnus cygnus. The  Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion [7150] [R] combination of raised bog, turlough and linking stream is unique in Ireland and probably does not occur elsewhere in the world. Lough Owel SAC 5.5 km  Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. Lough Owel is a large calcareous lake in the Shannon Catchment. Charophyte vegetation is well developed and (Coolnagun) [3140] [G] includes some rare species of calcareous waters. The site holds a good population of Austropotamobius pallipes  Transition mires and quaking bogs [7140] [G] and good examples of transition mires and also some alkaline fen. A number of Red Data plant species and important  Alkaline fens [7230] [G] invertebrate species occur at the site. The site is also an important bird site.  Austropotamobius pallipes (White-clawed Crayfish) [1092] [G] Moneybeg And 2.7 km  Active raised bogs [7110] [R] Moneybeg and Clareisland Bogs are two small raised bogs, separated by approximately 400 metres, which are Clareisland Bogs SAC (Coolcraff)  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] situated along the southern shores of Lough Sheelin. This site contains good examples of active raised bog,  Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion [7150] [R] degraded raised bog and Rhynchosporion vegetation. The areas of raised bog support a well-developed peatland flora and contain a number of wet pool areas. Of the two areas it appears that Moneybeg Bog contains higher quality raised bog habitat although the margins of Moneybeg have a more extensive surrounding cutover area. Mount Hevey Bog SAC 3.3 km (Ballivor)  Active raised bogs [7110] [R] Mount Hevey is a large midland raised bog, which is situated 3 km north-east of Kinnegad village. Mount Hevey Bog  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] is one of the most easterly, relatively intact raised bogs in Ireland and represents one of the largest bog areas in the  Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion [7150] [R] eastern half of the country. Although more than half of the site area consists of cutover bog, there is a large area of active raised bog. A substantial area of uncut high bog that is classified as degraded raised big is present. The bog,

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 Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion) [7220] [M]  Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles [91A0] [R]  Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno - Padion, For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) [91E0] [R]  Vertigo moulinsiana (Desmoulin's Whorl Snail) [1016] [M]  Margaritifera margaritifera (Freshwater Pearl Mussel) [1029] [U]  Austropotamobius pallipes (White-clawed Crayfish) [1092] [M]  Petromyzon marinus (Sea Lamprey) [1095] [R]  Lampetra planeri (Brook Lamprey) [1096] [R]  Lampetra fluviatilis (River Lamprey) [1099] [R]  Alosa fallax fallax (Twaite Shad) [1103] [R]  Salmo salar (Salmon) [1106] [R]  Lutra lutra (Otter) [1355] [R]  Trichomanes speciosum (Killarney Fern) [1421] [M]  Margaritifera durrovensis (Nore Pearl Mussel) [1990] [R] River Boyne And River 0.8 km (Bracklin)  Alkaline fens [7230] [G] This large site consists of the freshwater stretches of the River Boyne as far as the Boyne Aqueduct, the Blackwater Blackwater SAC  Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and as far as Lough Ramor and the Boyne tributaries including the Deel, Stoneyford and Tremblestown Rivers.  Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) [91E0] [G] This system drains a considerable area of Cos. Meath and Westmeath and smaller areas of Cavan and Louth. The  Lampetra fluviatilis (River Lamprey) rivers flow through a landscape dominated by intensive agriculture, mostly of improved grassland but also cereals. [1099] [G] Much of the river channels were subject to arterial drainage schemes in the past. Natural flood-plains now exist  Salmo salar (Salmon) [1106] [G] along only limited stretches of river, though often there is a fringe of reed swamp, freshwater marsh, wet grassland  Lutra lutra (Otter) [1355] [G] or deciduous wet woodland.

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The main channel of the Boyne contains a good example of alluvial woodland of the Salicetum albo-fragilis type which has developed on three alluvium islands. Alkaline fen vegetation is well represented at Lough Shesk, where there is a very fine example of habitat succession from open water to raised bog. The Boyne and its tributaries is one of Ireland's premier game fisheries and offers a wide range of angling, from fishing for spring salmon and grilse to sea trout fishing and extensive brown trout fishing. The site is one of the most important in eastern Ireland for Salmo salar and has very extensive spawning grounds. The site also has an important population of Lampetra fluviatilis, though the distribution or abundance of this species is not well known.

Lutra lutra is widespread throughout the site. Some of the grassland areas along the Boyne and Blackwater are used by a nationally important winter flock of Cygnus cygnus. Several Red Data Book plants occur within the site, with Pyrola rotundifolia, Poa palustris and Juncus compressus. Also occurring are a number of Red Data Book animals, notably Meles meles, Martes martes and Rana temporaria. The River Boyne is a designated Salmonid Water under the EU Freshwater Fish Directive. River Shannon Callows 14.8 km  Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils The River Shannon Callows is a long and diverse site which consists of seasonally flooded, semi-natural, lowland SAC (Castlegar) (Molinion caeruleae) [6410] [G] wet grassland, along and beside the river between the towns of Athlone and Portumna.  Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) [6510] [G] This site is the largest area of semi-natural floodplain grassland in Ireland and Britain and has very many features  Limestone pavements [8240] [G] of a natural ecosystem. It has been placed among the most 'natural' floodplains in western Europe. It is subject to  Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, regular and prolonged annual winter flooding. Botanically, it is extremely diverse with two legally protected species Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) [91E0] [G] of plants and many scarce species. Excellent examples of two habitats listed on Annex I of the E.U. Habitats  Lutra lutra (Otter) [1355] [G] Directive occur within the site – Molinia meadows and lowland hay meadows with good examples of a further two Annex habitats (both with priority status).

In winter the site is internationally important for numbers and species of waterfowl. In spring it feeds large numbers For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright ownerof birds required on formigration, any other use. and in summer it holds very large numbers of breeding waders, rare breeding birds and the endangered Corncrake, as well as a very wide variety of more common grassland and wetland birds. The presence of Otter, an Annex II species, adds further importance to the site. Scragh Bog SAC 8.8 km  Transition mires and quaking bogs [7140] [G] This area is a wet transition mire with a floating root mat developed in a small oval shaped depression. A small but (Coolnagun)  Alkaline fens [7230] [G] exceptionally fine example of fen habitat, with transitions to transition mire, fen carr and ombrotrophic bog. Very little  Drepanocladus vernicosus (Slender Green Feather-moss) [1393] [G] disturbance and in a near-natural condition, the site contains a rich diversity of species, including 3 Red Data plants, several national rarities and an interesting invertebrate fauna. Probably the best example of its type in Ireland. Shankill West Bog SAC 12.6 km (Gowla)  Active raised bogs [7110] [R] Shankill West Bog is one of the best examples of a relatively small raised bog site in the country and contains good  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] examples of the Annex 1 habitats active raised bog, degraded raised bog and depressions on peat substrates  Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion [7150] [R] (Rhynchosporion). The high bog dome contains a wet central core of active raised bog which is of high quality, containing extensive quaking lawns and pool systems. Split Hills And Long Hill 1.4 km (Toar)  Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous A linear site approximately 7km long which comprises, for the most part, an esker ridge composed of glacial sand Esker SAC substrates (Festuco Brorneta/ia)(impoiant orchid sites) [6210] [G] and gravel. This is one of the finest wooded esker ridges remaining in the country and constitutes one of the few woodlands in the area. In places a very rich ground flora is found in the woods. Species-rich calcareous grassland is found in many areas of the site. The Long Derries, 8.5 km (Esker)  Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous This site is partially owned by Bord na Móna Energy Limited (as part of Glashabaun North). Located between Edenderry SAC substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites) [6210] Glashabaun North and Ticknevin bogs, south-east of Edenderry, the Long Derries, Edenderry SAC is part of a low esker ridge running from Edenderry to Rathdangan. It primarily consists of glacial gravels interspersed with loam and peat soil. This is an important site for several reasons. It supports good quality dry, calcareous esker grassland in which occurs a substantial population of the rare and protected Orchis morio

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Designated site Distance from Qualifying Interest / Special Conservation Interest Description (as presented in Natura 2000 Data Form) closest supply Distance to closest Conservation objectives indicated as appropriate [R, M , G, U] bog supply bog R = Restore specific QI/SCI M = Maintain specific QI/SCI G = Generic CO for all QI/SCI in N2000 site, i.e. Maintain or Restore U = Site-specific Conservation Objective Under Review White Lough, Ben 10.4 km  Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. Site is on the headwaters of the River Deel, and close to Loughs Bane and Lene. It is situated in a narrow poorly Loughs And Lough Doo (Coolcraff) [3140] [G] drained valley. Comprises a chain of interlinked lakes, of which White Lough is the largest. Although small, this is a SAC  Austropotamobius pallipes (White-clawed Crayfish) [1092] [G] good example of an oligotrophic system which is not showing any obvious signs of eutrophication. Noted for its diversity of marginal wetland vegetation. Interest of site is increased by presence of Austropotamobius pallipes and Lutra lutra. Wooddown Bog SAC 10.1 km  Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] [R] Wooddown Bog SAC occurs within the larger raised bog system that is designated as Wooddown Bog NHA (Derryhinch) (000694). With the clear-felling of conifers and blocking of drains, water-levels have risen and now remain high throughout the year. In some areas conditions in the wet flats and hollows are now suitable to support even the most drainage sensitive species. As a consequence, raised bog vegetation has returned to the high bog. However the majority of the restored areas have not yet developed vegetation characteristic of the wettest conditions and there is a considerable amount of conifer and birch regeneration occurring in these areas which will require ongoing management. Lough Derravaragh 0.5 km  Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) [A038] [G] Lough Derravaragh is a medium- to large-sized lake of relatively shallow water. It extends along a SE-NW axis for SPA (Coolnagun)  Pochard (Aythya ferina) [A059] [G] approximately 8 km. The Inny River, a tributary of the River Shannon, is the main inflowing and outflowing river.  Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) [A061] [G] Lough Derravaragh is one of the most important midland lakes for wintering waterfowl.  Coot (Fulica atra) [A125] [G]  Wetland and Waterbirds [A999] [G] Lough Ennell SPA 7.8 lm (Toar)  Pochard (Aythya ferina) [A059] [G] Lough Ennell is a large, limestone lake. It is approximately 6.5 km long and is mostly c. 2 km wide. The River Brosna  Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) [A061] [G] is the principal inflowing and outflow river. Lough Ennell is one of the most important midland lakes for wintering  Coot (Fulica atra) [A125] [G] waterfowl. The site is an important trout fishery.  Wetland and Waterbirds [A999] [G] Glen Lough SPA 7.4 km  Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) [A038] [G] The main importance of this site is that it is used (along with Lough Iron and other sites) at times by an internationally (Coolnagun) important population of Cygnus cygnus. Glen Lough had practically no surface water owing to extensive drainage in the 1960s which resulted in a dramatic drop in the water table. However, the area does flood in the winter months. For inspectionSince purposes 2005 only. there has been active management of the site to retain water, including the construction of Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. embankments. Sedge-dominated freshwater marsh now occupies the majority of the site. Lough Iron SPA 4.4 km  Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) [A038] [G] Lough Iron is a small- to moderately-sized Midland lake. It is situated on the Inny River, which flows from Lough (Coolnagun)  Wigeon (Anas penelope) [A050] [G] Derravaragh approximately 5 km to the north-east. Drainage of the River Inny in the 1960s has led to a dramatic  Teal (Anas crecca) [A052] [G] drop in the level of the lake and this in turn has led to the development of freshwater marsh and wet grassland on  Shoveler (Anas clypeata) [A056] [G] what was previously lake bed. Lough Iron is one of the most important Midland lakes for wintering waterfowl. It  Coot (Fulica atra) [A125] [G] supports an internationally important population of Greenland White-fronted Goose and is the main feeding site for  Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria) [A140] [G] this flock which uses a suite of Midland lakes.  Greenland White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons flavirostris) [A395] [G]  Wetland and Waterbirds [A999] [G] Lough Owel SPA 5.5 km (Lough  Shoveler (Anas clypeata) [A056] [G] Lough Owel is a medium- to large-sized lake, measuring approximately 6 km along its long axis and with a maximum Owel)  Coot (Fulica atra) [A125] [G] width of 3 km. It is fed by a number of small streams and the main outflow is to the Royal Canal. Lough Owel is one  Wetland and Waterbirds [A999] [G] of the most important Midland lakes for wintering waterfowl. Lough Kinale and 0.3 km  Pochard (Aythya ferina) [A059] [G] Lough Kinale is a relatively small lake that is situated immediately downstream of Lough Sheelin and is at the top of Derragh Lough SPA (Coolcraff)  Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) [A061] [G] the catchment of the Inny River, a main tributary of the River Shannon. Derragh Lough, a much smaller system, is  Wetland and Waterbirds [A999] [G] connected to Lough Kinale and the Inny River outlet. Despite very variable water quality in recent decades, Lough Kinale and Derragh Lough remain an important site for wintering waterfowl, especially diving duck. Lough Sheelin SPA 3.1 km  Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) [A005] [G] Lough Sheelin is a medium- to large-sized lake, with a maximum length of 7 km. The lake lies at the top of the Inny (Coolcraff)  Pochard (Aythya ferina) [A059] [G] River, a main tributary of the River Shannon. Despite very variable water quality in recent decades, Lough Sheelin  Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) [A061] [G] remains a very important site for wintering waterfowl and especially diving duck.  Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) [A067] [G]

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Designated site Distance from Qualifying Interest / Special Conservation Interest Description (as presented in Natura 2000 Data Form) closest supply Distance to closest Conservation objectives indicated as appropriate [R, M , G, U] bog supply bog R = Restore specific QI/SCI M = Maintain specific QI/SCI G = Generic CO for all QI/SCI in N2000 site, i.e. Maintain or Restore U = Site-specific Conservation Objective Under Review  Wetland and Waterbirds [A999] [G] Middle Shannon 14.8 km  Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) [A038] [G] The site follows the River Shannon from Athlone, just below Lough Ree, to Portumna, just above Lough Derg, a Callows SPA (Castlegar)  Wigeon (Anas penelope) [A050] [G] distance of over 50 km. This site is the largest area of semi-natural floodplain grassland in Ireland and has very  Corncrake (Crex crex) [A122] [G] many features of a natural ecosystem. Along with its main tributaries the River Suck and River Brosna, it represents  Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria) [A140] [G] one of the most important wetland systems in the country. It is of International Importance for wintering waterfowl as  Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) [A142] [G] numbers regularly exceed the 20,000 threshold. The Shannon callows are also of high importance for breeding birds.  Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa) [A156] [G]  Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) [A179] [G]  Wetland and Waterbirds [A999] [G] River Suck Callows 0 km (Boughill/  Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) [A038] [G] The River Suck is the largest tributary of the River Shannon. The site follows the river from Castlecoote, near Fuerty SPA Castlegar)  Wigeon (Anas penelope) [A050] [G] to its confluence with the River Shannon, a distance of approximately 70 km of river course. The main habitat is  Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria) [A140] [G] grassland, improved to varying extents, that is seasonally flooded. The less improved areas are species-rich. The  Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) [A142] [G] River Suck Callows is an important site for wintering waterfowl, with an internationally important population of  Greenland White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons flavirostris) [A395] [G] Greenland White-fronted Goose centred within the site. This is one of the largest flocks in the country outside of the  Wetland and Waterbirds [A999] [G] Wexford Slobs. Garriskil Bog SPA 0.2 km  Greenland White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons flavirostris) [A395] [G] Site lies 3 km west of Lough Derravaragh in Co. Westmeath. It is bounded to the southeast and southwest by the (Coolnagun) rivers Inny and Riffey. Garriskil bog is a medium-sized raised bog site which contains good examples of the Annex 1 habitats active raised bog, degraded raised bog and depressions on peat substrates (Rhynchosporion). The site is in the range of the midland lakes flock of wintering Greenland White-fronted Goose which is centred on four major lakes (Derravaragh, Iron, Owel and Ennel). There are 16 known feeding sites, mostly on intensively managed grassland. Lough Croan Turlough 5.2 km (Boughill)  Shoveler (Anas clypeata) [A056] [G] Situated approximately 6 km west of the River Suck in Co. Roscommon, Lough Croan is a linear wetland, aligned SPA  Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria) [A140] [G] north-west/south-east. Lough Croan turlough is an important site for wintering waterfowl. The wintering waterfowl  Greenland White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons flavirostris) [A395] [G] are monitored annually. Much of the site is a Wildfowl Sanctuary. For inspection purposes only.  Wetland and Waterbirds [A999] [G] Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Four Roads Turlough 2.9 km (Boughill)  Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria) [A140] [G] Four Roads Turlough lies 2.5 km from the Suck River. It is an open, shallow basin without permanent standing water. SPA  Greenland White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons flavirostris) [A395] [G] It seems to flood predictably and dry out quite early. The vegetation is uniform in general and of two main types -  Wetland and Waterbirds [A999] [G] grass in the east and sedges in the west. the site is used as a refuge or feeding area by herbivorous wildfowl and waders – some of which occur in numbers of national importance. Slieve Bloom Mountains 14.5 km  Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus) [A082] [G] The site has a near continuous ridge of mountain blanket bog, with wet and dry heaths also well represented. This SPA (Ballykeane) SPA is one of the strongholds for Hen Harrier in the country and, indeed, is the most easterly regular population. The mix of forestry and open areas provides optimum habitat conditions for this rare bird. River Boyne and River 0.8 km (Bracklin)  Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) [A229] [G] The River Boyne and River Blackwater SPA is a long, linear site that comprises stretches of the River Boyne and Blackwater SPA several of its tributaries. It is of high ornithological importance as it supports a nationally important population of Kingfisher. A survey in 2010 recorded 19 pairs of Kingfisher (based on 15 probable and 4 possible territories) in the SPA.

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6 Assessment of likely effects 6.1 Direct impacts There are no Natura 2000 sites in the immediate locality of the ADF boundary. No direct impacts to such sites is therefore envisaged as a result of the ongoing operation and cell development at Derraghan ADF.

6.2 Indirect impacts 6.2.1 Derraghan ADF In terms of indirect impact there will be no additional impact arising from the current ADF site activities. Vehicle movement to facilitate deposition of ash in the ADF cells will continue at the current rate, albeit occurring within a different part of the overall ADF site boundary. Annex 1 bird species, which are Special Conservation Interests for a number of SPAs in the midlands, may occur transiently in the locality of the ADF. Wintering bird surveys undertaken for the Mountdillon bog grouping (which comprises Derraghan bog) do not indicate the occurrence of any significant flocks of wintering Annex 1 bird species close to the ADF site. Wintering golden plover are known to occur regularly in the wider locality, roosting on bare peat fields (2014 / 15 records relate to the adjacent Derrycolumb and Derryadd Bogs). The development of the ADF will not impinge on such wintering flocks and the potential impact is considered to be imperceptible. Annex-1 listed birds of prey historically recorded within a 5 km radius of the site (peregrine falcon, merlin, hen harrier (winter)) are also not excpected to be significantly impacted by the development and operation of the ADF cells and the For inspection purposes only. associated change in habitat.Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

Surface water discharges from the site via a main drain that leads to a Bord na Móna piped outfall to the south of the site. This piped outfall flows in a south westerly direction to a pumping station. From here it is pumped into the Derrymacar outfall drain flowing into Newtown Flannigan river which flows into Lough Derrymacar and then to Lough Ree. No leachate is discharged from the facility and the existing IPC licence issued by the EPA does not permit the discharge of any leachate to surface waters. All cells are capped within two years of completion and the capping of the cell with an impermeable liner will prevent the ingress of water thereby preventing the generation of further leachate once the cell has been capped. A leachate recirculation regime is utilised to deal with leachate generated on the site. There is no apparent significant indicator that identifies the existing ADF as a major source of surface water contamination locally. Surface water runoff from the site flows into a lined pond, and discharges into the local peat bog drainage system network as discharge flow after treatment. The latter is not a significant concern, and it enters a wider drainage system that is joined by water from many other peat drains before it is pumped to any major natural watercourse.

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No indirect impacts to water quality in Derrymacar Lough or Lough Ree further downstream are envisaged from the ongoing operation of the ADF. With reference to potential air pollution, the peat ash is not a source of air emissions of sulphur, nitrogen or carbon oxides. Due to the measures detailed in the EPA approved Landfill Operational Plan for the ADF, airborne dust from the ash disposal area will continue to be minimised, and will have no significant impact on air quality.

6.2.2 LRP Station LRP Station operates in accordance with the IE Licence P0610-02 issued by the EPA. There will be no changes to the footprint of the LRP Station, or to any terrestrial habitats associated with the site. As with any operational industrial facility, there is the potential for accidental leaks and spills of potentially polluting substances (e.g. oils, etc.) to impact on adjacent habitats. However, the risk of such impacts is considered minimal through station design and the implementation of control measures conditioned as part of IE Licence P0610-02, including fitting of high liquid level alarms on all pumps sumps, storage tanks and the lagoon; the provision of spill kits and adsorbent materials; and site inspections and maintenance. Condition 4.3, Condition 5 and Schedule B5 of the licence sets and controls emission limits for emissions to waters. The outfalls are located approximately 160 m upstream of Lanesborough Bridge, which defines the northern boundary of Lough Ree SAC/SPA. The location of the cooling water intake and thermal cooling water discharge is shown in Volume 3 - Figure 7.5: General location of LRP Station Lanesborough. The EPA have raised a query regarding the status of the thermal plume associated with the cooling water discharge which ESB is currently considering.

A Synthesis Report (ASU, 2017)For inspection has purposes been only. produced on the results of biological Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. monitoring undertaken at LRP (and also West Offaly Power (WOP)) in 2014, 2015 and 2016; see Appendix 6.4: Synthesis Report – Lough Ree Power (LRP) & West Offaly Power (WOP). Three annual surveys were undertaken which covered diatoms, macrophytes and macroinvertebrates at a series of sites on the River Shannon upstream and downstream of the thermal outfalls at both power stations. Biotic communities sampled and analysed for composition and abundance during the aquatic ecology survey were: (i) aquatic macrophytes; (ii) benthic diatoms; and (iii) benthic macroinvertebrates. Fisheries studies were also undertaken to survey the area within the plume and external to the plume of the cooling water outfall point located at the LRP Station. The objective was to see if there was any difference in fish populations between the warmer water areas below the outfall point and along the thermal plume areas and into the cooler non-thermal plume affected Shannon waters.  Biotic communities Macrophytes: There were some upstream/downstream differences detected in the aquatic macrophyte communities present in relation to the thermal discharge location, but the effects of hydromorphological impacts could not

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be separated from other pressures. There were no fundamental changes in the macrophyte species composition between 2016 and previous years. Factors such as depth; light; flow; turbidity and drainage / dredging seem likely the strongest determinant of species distribution at the Lanesborough sites. Diatoms: There was a clear relationship between increased water temperature downstream of the thermal discharge and decreased ecological status classification according to diatom communities. Ecological status declined from ‘High / Good’ at upstream sites, to ‘Moderate’ just downstream of the outfall, persisting ‘Moderate’ for up to 415 m, then returning back to Good Status at the next sampling point, 580 m downstream of the discharge location. Macroinvertebrates: The study concludes that there is no indication from the data that the thermal discharge is unequivocally impacting the distribution or densities of most macroinvertebrate species, which appear more affected by river hydromorphology. The benthic study noted that Asian clam occurred at higher densities at sampling sites within the outfall canal experiencing on average elevated temperatures, suggesting that this species is locally enhanced by the thermal discharge. However it also notes that this effect is spatially confined. Zebra mussel was more prevalent in cooler water outside the outfall canal. Based on a review of the above findings, it is concluded that the cooling water outfall is not having a significant effect on the local benthic ecology of the River Shannon or on Lough Ree downstream of Lanesborough Bridge.

 Fisheries For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. The fisheries study found perch, roach, bream, roach-bream hybrids, eel, tench, pike, gudgeon, trout and pollan in the sampled sites along the River Shannon near Lanseborough. No juvenile nor adult salmon were recorded at any sampling site. This is consistent with the findings of Inland Fisheries Ireland as part of the water framework directive fish assessments carried out in 2010. The study found that whilst a range of species of various age cohorts were captured, the higher densities of fish were found within the warmer water sections of the river for each of the three discrete sampling periods. The typical Shannon silver eel (migratory phase of the eel lifecycle), migration period occurs for the period October to December each year. However, in late 2016 and early 2017, due to low river levels, the eel migration season was shown to be protracted to cover the period January - April 2017. Therefore, the silver eel captured during the last fyke net survey period was representative of the Shannon 2016/2017 silver eel migration. The fisheries study presents an analysis of the River Shannon salmon census data for the 2016/2017 season, which indicates that the vast majority of the wild salmon (n=1,153), which entered the upper Shannon catchment in 2016

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do so during the period when the thermal plume is greatest. However, it is noted that the thermal plume at LRP is located in a riverine section of the Shannon whereas it is considered likely that migrating salmon will continue to inhabit the cooler and deeper waters of Lough Derg until late summer before ascending further upstream. It is known that the warm water discharge suits various species of fish. This is aptly demonstrated by the large number of coarse fish angling activity along the eastern bank which attracts much angling activity. This survey shows that cyprinids such as perch, roach, bream, roach-bream hybrids and pike all appear to favour the warm water stretch downstream of the outfall. This increased concentration of coarse fish species has the potential to provide an increased localised feeding resource for otter. Based on a review of the above findings, it is concluded that the cooling water outfall is not having a significant negative impact on the local fisheries ecology of the River Shannon or of Lough Ree downstream of Lanesborough Bridge. It is also likely that localised increases in coarse fish numbers downstream of the cooling water outfall will be beneficial to the local otter population, as the local foraging resource will be increased.

 Invasive species The exotic invasive species Zebra mussel and Asian clam are known to occur in the River Shannon in the proximity of Lanesborough. Trial dredging was carried out by Inland Fisheries Ireland (IFI) in 2015 to assess the feasibility of Asian clam eradication. The report from this trial recommends that a further extensive control programme would not be advisable. It stressed that any

control programme would For inspection also purposes increase only. the risk of spreading the clam to other Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. catchments particularly in the absence of a safe disposal site in the locality. Strict bio-security conditions are currently in place for anglers who wish to fish in the outfall canal.

Based on a review of the Synthesis Report, it is not envisaged that the thermal plume as currently operating is likely to be having a significant effect on the water- dependent qualifying interests of Lough Ree SAC. While the entire open waterbody of Lough Ree is designated as an SPA, the closest significant wildfowl aggregation to the LRP station is associated with the shallow bay between Culliaghy and Ballyclare, 2 km to the west of the power station. This bay would be unaffected by the thermal plume; indirect impacts to Lough Ree SPA therefore also not predicted.

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6.2.3 Peat Supply to LRP Station The continued use of the ADF is contingent on the ongoing operation of the LRP Station and by association, the continuing harvesting of peat from the respective supply bogs. Potential indirect impacts arising as a result of the ongoing peat harvesting at the respective supply bogs are related to ongoing drainage and discharges occurring at each bog. The majority of the bogs that supply LRP are located within water body catchment areas of Moderate / Poor Status. While there are a number of pressures affecting river water quality in this area, the current Shannon International River Basin District Management Plan (SIRBDMP) 2009 – 2015 does identify peat harvesting as one of the contributing pressures. Additionally, the Draft Ireland River Basin Management Plan 2018 – 2021 notes that “peat extraction has been identified as causing a significant risk to ecological status objectives in 112 waterbodies (10% of all waterbodies that have been determined as being at risk). The environmental impacts generally relate to suspended solids, ammonia and hydromorphological alterations. There is evidence that high levels of ammonia are being released from peat extraction activities during the draining process and may be causing ecological impacts in receiving waterbodies.” A series of standard measures are implemented at each supply bog as conditioned by the above licenses, aimed at protecting surface water quality. These are outlined in Table 6-1: Surface Water Quality Measures Associated with Peat Supply Bogs Table 6-1: Surface Water Quality Measures Associated with Peat Supply Bogs

Potential Measure

Impact Type For inspection purposes only. Surface Water All drainageConsent of copyright water ownerfrom required all bog for anylands other use.in the licensed area is discharged

Quality via an appropriately designed silt pond treatment arrangement Silt ponds serving operational bogs shall be cleaned as a minimum twice a year, once before ditching and once before harvesting, and more frequently as inspections may dictate Drainage manholes are protected and maintained free of excessive peat Headlands are kept clean and free of excessive loose peat

All new manholes and outfalls are set well back from turning grounds, drivers of bog plant do not turn short (over drains) at headlands Harrows, millers, ridgers do not drag loose peat onto manholes or into drains, outside harrow spoons are directed away from drains Silt run-off, while piping or ditching, is minimised

Outfalls are controlled to minimise silt discharge during cleaning operations Drains are ditched in dry weather

While ditching, outfalls are blocked and ditch towards outfall

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Potential Measure Impact Type Outlets from stockpile field drains are blocked during stockpile loading

Field drains adjacent to stockpiles are cleaned as soon as practicable after stockpile loading Adequate room is allowed for rail bed beside Peco stockpiles

All fields that have been milled are ridged at the end of the production season All fields liable to winter flooding have been cleared of milled peat or re-compacted at the end of the production season

Continued implementation of Bord na Móna Energy Limited’s programme of improvements

Additionally, Bord na Móna is implementing a programme of rehabilitation (drain blocking, rewetting, vegetation) plans in order to stabilise former peat production areas and enhance biodiversity. The rewetting of former peat production areas and the development of wetland habitats will inevitably reduce potential for loss of suspended solids to the drainage network and ultimately to the Shannon river system, Boyne river system and Barrow river system. Peat harvesting areas within the Bord na Móna estate are of low ecological value in general, but are known to support a number of Annex 1 bird species which are Special Conservation Interests of a number of SPA sites in the midlands. Golden plover may roost or rest on bare peat fields (2014 / 15 records from the locality relate to the adjacent Derrycolumb and Derryadd bogs). Wintering flocks of whooper swan may occur on harvesting areas where there are temporary areas of standing water found in association with recoloni For inspectionzing purposes surface only. vegetation upon which the flocks Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. forage. Peregrine falcon and Merlin also associate with bare peat areas, where they roost or perch on peat piles or tree stumps and may hunt golden plover. It is not envisaged that the ongoing peat harvesting activities will negatively impact on any such Annex 1 species. It is noted that all supply bog groupings are all currently compliant with the conditions of their respective EPA licences (P0501, P0502, P0503 and P0504). Consequently, it is not expected that the ongoing harvesting of the respective LRP supply bogs is leading to any significant indirect effects to Natura 2000 sites in the region.

6.3 In-combination effects In order to take account of in-combination or cumulative effects, plans and projects that are completed, approved but uncompleted, or proposed (but not yet approved) should be considered in this context (European Commission, 2001). To address possible in-combination effects, a search was undertaken of the relevant planning archives of the following Local Authorities: Roscommon, Longford, Cavan, Meath, Westmeath, Galway, Kildare, Offaly, Laois and Tipperary, as well as An Bord

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Pleanála (for Strategic Infrastructure Development (SID) applications). This search aimed to capture all projects within approximately 15 kilometres of the Derraghan ADF, the LRP station and the respective supply bogs. This was completed to ensure that all projects which have secured approval/planning permission but which may not yet have been constructed were identified and included in the assessment for in- combination effects. Strategic infrastructure projects were considered relevant as these tend to be significant developments whose applications are generally accompanied by an environmental impact statement. In the case of the planning applications submitted to the Local Authorities (in their role as Planning Authorities), the screening criteria for plans and projects to have the potential for significant effects were those where either an Environmental Impact Statement and / or a Natura Impact Statement were prepared. In the case of planning applications, all planning permissions granted within the relevant Local Authority within the last 5 years and which met the screening criteria described above were assessed. From the long list of permissions sought the applications were screened to remove applications for residential or agricultural developments which were considered to be minor in scale to the extent that no significant in-combination effect was deemed likely to arise. This screened list was compiled into a spreadsheet and reviewed for potential cumulative interactions with the Derraghan ADF development. This review concluded that there were no developments in the Zone of Influence with the potential to interact to a sufficient degree with the activities associated with the development of the ADF that could significantly impact upon any Natura 2000 site.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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6.4 Screening statement and conclusion This screening process has examined the details of the project and has considered the risk and significance of potential impacts to Natura 2000 sites in the Zone of Influence. The examination has shown that the proposed development at the Derraghan ADF site will not have any significant impacts directly or indirectly on the respective Natura 2000 sites. In-combination effects with other plans or projects are also expected to be non-existent. The screening process therefore concludes that on the basis of objective information, that the proposed development, individually or in combination with other plans or projects, will not have a significant effect on any European sites in light of the conservation objectives of the respective sites. In this regard, the requirement for a subsequent stage of the Appropriate Assessment process, namely an Appropriate Assessment informed by a Natura Impact Statement, is not considered necessary.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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