Journal of Sustainability Science and Management ISSN: 1823-8556 Volume 13 Number 1, June 2018: 103-116 © Penerbit UMT

ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF AVIFAUNA IN PULAU BIDONG,

1,2* 2 3 ABDULMAULA HAMZA , GERTRUDE DAVID , ANUAR MCAFEE AND MOHD 2 TAJUDDIN ABDULLAH

1School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia , 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 2Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 3Faculty of General Studies and Advanced Education, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu

*Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: Avian diversity study focusing on islands in Malaysia is generally scarce compared to the unsurprisingly wealth of information on mainland birds. Similarly, Pulau Bidong is one of these islands with scarce ornithological information. It is located to the northwest of , East Coast . A series of field surveys were conducted on the island between August 2014 and August 2016, using both point counts and mist netting methods to assess the bird species diversity at coastal area and within the forest canopy of the island. Unpublished data from 2006 were also added as it covers the Bidong trail area. Our results indicate that the total count is 26 species, belonging to 18 families and 23 genera. This species list is not exhaustive because the survey did not cover the main migration season from October to February, when it coincides with the monsoon season and rough weather. Further surveys will be needed to cover the nearby small islands in the archipelago.

Keywords: Pulau Bidong, . Island, bird diversity

Introduction Along the Malaysian coast, several small, heavily forested islands can be found. These Islands have fascinated biologists for a long islands have a very important ecological role time. Birds found on islands were the main (Cronk 1997). The state of Terengganu has some model of several ecological theories such as the 17 islands of different sizes and morphology (Teh Origin of Species, and the theory of Island 2000). Some of them are inhabited such as Pulau Biogeography (MacArthur and Wilson 1967). Redang and Pulau Perhentian, while others are But islands are known to host a much smaller mainly used for tourism (e.g. Pulau Lang Tengah diversity of bird species per area compared to and Pulau Kapas) or uninhabited islands (Pulau the same area on continental land. This was Bidong archipelago). explained by several factors, among them, the limited habitat diversity and, consequently, Information on biological diversity of birds lower niche capacity of islands. Resources for on Malaysian islands varies greatly. Some islands feeding and breeding are less compared to the have received extensive floral and faunal mainland (Lack 1970) as the area available for research, such as Pulau Langkawi (Abdullah each species establishment on islands, making 2006) Pulau Tioman (Ng et al., 1999, Sodhi et al., the conservation of large-area islands much 1999), and Pulau Perhentian (Tamblyn et al., worth it in terms of long-term planning (Koh et 2005), others lack such extensive surveys except al., 2002). This would not minimise the for a few old reports of short expeditions (Bonhote 1901, Gibson-Hill 1952). importance of small islands, as they can serve as fuelling stations for migratory birds and This applies on most islands located off the centres of endemism for other species, as east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. However, previously found on similar forested islands in there were some surveys conducted on other Southeast Asia (Turner et al., 2002). organisms and plants on Pulau Bidong, for ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF AVIFAUNA 104 IN PULAU BIDONG, MALAYSIA

example, Algae (Armugam, 1981, Khor, 2002), and Pearson, 2012), clearly due to scarcity of butterflies (Rosmidi et al., 2017), Dipterocarp data. Recent seabird surveys were conducted on trees (Pesiu et al., 2016), bats (Roslan 2016), several east coast islands (Hamza et al., 2016a, crustaceans (Nakajima et al., 2013), fish Hamza et al., 2016b), but it did not include (Jeropakal, 1998, Lorenzo et al., 2016) and Pulau Bidong. This paper presents an reptiles (Grismer et al., 2014). annotation of birds species present on Pulau Bidong between 2006 and 2016. European explorers used to shoot and collect bird specimens / skins for private or museum Site Description collections. First surveys of birds at Pulau Bidong dates back to Skeat Expedition during Pulau Bidong is the largest island within a small December 1899 (Gibson-Hill, 1952). During archipelago (Figure 1), with a surface area of one that expedition in Pulau Bidong, they collected kilometre square, and an elevation of 321 m six specimens of birds belonging to five above sea level. It is located 18 nautical miles species. Later Kloss expedition spent two days (later nmi) to the northwest of Kuala Terengganu, on the island during August 1910 and collected and 8 nmi southeast of Pulau Redang, four additional bird species. Nearly four Terengganu. Less than 1 nmi to the south, there is decades later, Gibson-Hill visited Pulau Bidong a smaller islet called Pulau Kapak and over 1.8 on August 9th 1949, and added three additional nmi to the north another islet called Pulau Gelok, bird species to previous lists (Gibson-Hill, while at over 8 nmi to the East of Pulau Bidong 1952). Since then, there has been no updates on lies two other islets of Pulau Yu Besar and Pulau the birds of Pulau Bidong. Furthermore, birds Yu Kecil. Most of those islands are much smaller on Pulau Bidong were not mentioned anywhere in size that Pulau Bidong. in major field guides to the bird of Peninsular Malaysia (Wells et al., 1999, Jeyarajasingam

Figure 1: Location of Pulau Bidong Terengganu, Malaysia (A), Location of Pantai Pasir Cina and Pantai (B).

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Pulau Bidong (formerly known as Pulau Bidong closed before dusk. Birds were identified and Laut) is an uninhabited island (Figure 1), covered released immediately. As this survey was not with secondary forests, with a total area of 260 intended to estimate population size of different hectares. It has two bays with sandy beaches and species encountered, species accumulation coastal forest cover on its West and Southwest curve and sample-based Cole-Rarefaction was fronts. Pantai Pasir Cina (0.15 nmi) on the west of used to test sampling completeness, using the island is used as a research station for Estimate S software (version 9.1.0). Universiti Malaysia Terengganu since 2009. From this beach, there is a 4 km hiking trail leading to Results and Discussion the second beach called locally Pantai Vietnam (0.22 nmi), where Vietnamese refugees landed A total of 26 species belonging to 18 families and and settled on the island in 1975. Most of the 23 genera were recorded at Pulau Bidong. The birds sighted and listed in the present article were most represented family was Nectariniidae located on either of these two beach sites or along (Sunbirds and Spiderhunters) with five species the forest trail that extends between the two followed by Apodidae (Swifts) with three species, beaches. the rest of the families were represented by a single or two species (Table 1). Sixteen species Methods were resident (61.54%) while five species were resident/migrant (19.23%) and the other five Surveys were conducted using binoculars 8 x 40 species were migrant (19.23%). Although effort to identify bird species (and vocalizations when was made to record all bird species on Pulau birds cannot be seen) during May 2006, August Bidong, these results cannot be considered 2014, May and August 2015 and August 2016 comprehensive as it covered a small area of the (Table 1) at the two beach areas and adjacent island and more species are expected to use the forest, i.e. Pantai Pasir Cina and Pantai Vietnam island during migration season, which coincide (point count, three points each), with 100 m with monsoon rainy season. Feeding guilds varied between each two stations. Data were also among species (Table 1), several species were collected in 2006 along the 4 km long Bidong nectarivores, while others depended on forest hiking trail (line transect). Observation radius fruiting as food source or insects, with fish and varies according to point count location, in beach crustaceans for other species. This indicates the area it can extend to several hundreds of meters diverse habitat and species resource partition on on the seaside to count all seabirds and other the island ecosystem where competition on wading birds, whilst on the other side of the limited food and shelter resources can represent beach, dense vegetation allows limited limiting factors to the carrying capacity of the observation radius, and vocalization of some ecosystem in terms of species diversity and species were used as records for these species. richness. In a recent study, Pesiu et al., (2016) This trail was selected as it connects the two reported 55 tree species that were found at Pulau beach areas of the island, extending through dense Bidong, several of them were flowering and forest. Surveys were conducted during early fruiting, which provide the main food source for morning (0700-1000 hours) and late afternoon several bird species listed in the present study. (1700-1900 hours), when bird activity is optimal. Although there is no permanent human Two mist-nets on 3 m poles were erected for four settlements currently on the island, past human full days in 2006 and in May 2015 at the Pantai presence could have caused local extinctions for Pasir Cina (UMT Research station site), covering some species, due to heavy logging, while other the understory level of the canopy. These were species were introduced to the island. An elevated 50 cm from the ground, and the canopy assessment of the native and introduced flora is height varied from 15-30 m. Mist-nets were needed to compare the vegetation cover of Pulau checked every two hours and Bidong in the past with the present situation.

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To check for completeness of results, species to be added to our list in future surveys. accumulation curve with Cole Rarefaction were Sampling effort especially using mist-netting used to determine whether sampling size of was not sufficient to account for all canopy bird species obtained from Pulau Bidong was avifauna. The limitation of sampling months representative to the actual number of species outside migration season also can justify these (completeness) on the island. Figure (2) shows limitations in results. As this is the first the species curve did not reach an asymptote, checklist for Pulau Bidong, future surveys can which indicates that other species are expected yield a complete checklist of bird species.

Figure 2: Species accumulation curve and sample-based rarefaction curve of birds recorded from Pulau Bidong, Terengganu.

Species accounts observed roosting on abandoned aquaculture cages off the coast of Pulau Bidong, apparently Pacific Reef Egret Egretta sacra (Ardeidae) for feeding. This species has been mentioned in checklists of both expeditions of Kloss 1899-1900 This species is a resident breeder, rocky shore (Bonhote, 1910) and Gibson-Hill in 1949 water bird, common in coastal and offshore small (Gibson-Hill, 1952). No breeding activity was islands (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson 2012). The reported from Pulau Bidong, but the species was dark morph was observed in Pulau Bidong and found to utilise small islands off Pulau Redang for other small islands to the southwest of Pulau breeding (Hamza et al., 2016a), (App. 1a). Redang (Hamza et al., 2016b). The species was observed in all five surveys on Pulau Bidong. The Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis (Ardeidae) bird was observed feeding on in shallow waters at both sandy and rocky shores, either individually, A resident migrant and an uncommon resident to in pairs or up to six individuals roosting on the fairly common winter visitor at low elevations rocky shore at the north edge of Pasir Cina beach. (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson, 2012), a single bird In Pantai Vietnam, numbers can reach to 20 birds; was reported during the last trip in August 2016, some birds were also the bird was observed for about 20 minutes

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feeding at a small area of grassland at Pantai Greater Sand Plover Charadrius Vietnam, then flew and roosted on the trees. It is leschenaultia (Charadriidae) likely that this was an early migrant individual. No additional individuals were observed. The A common passage migrant and winter visitor species is quite common in paddy fields in at low elevations (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson, Terengganu ( and Hulu Terengganu) 2012). Habitats preferred are mudflats, sandy where groups of Cattle Egrets were seen shores and brackish ponds. In Pulau Bidong the flocking/roosting among trees and feeding areas species was observed as one individual feeding (Hamza, personal observations), (App. 1b). on the sandy beach during August 2014 at Pantai Pasir Cina, (App. 1d). White-bellied Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster (Accipitridae) Black-naped Tern Sterna sumatrana (Laridae) This species is a resident breeder, usually seen single or as a couple, soaring or flying near the Locally common offshore resident breeder sea surface for food. Fairly common resident at (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson, 2012). This species low elevations in coastal districts, including still breeds on smaller islets off Pulau Redang and most offshore islands (Jeyarajasingam & Pulau Perhentian Kecil (Hamza et al., 2016a, Pearson, 2012), the species was not listed in Hamza et al., 2016b). Historically the species was earlier surveys either by Skeat list (Bonhote, listed as resident in both Pulau Bidong and Pulau 1910) or Gibson-Hill (1952). In contrast, it was Redang but not from Pulau Perhentian in 1949 observed in all recent surveys (Table 1). It is (Gibson-Hill 1952). Currently no breeding not confirmed whether the pair seen at Pulau activity was ever reported at or near Pulau Bidong were mainland or islands breeders. Bidong, although a suitable breeding habitat is available at the small islet of Tengkorak to the Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos north of Pulau Bidong. The species was observed (Scolopacidae) feeding and roosting along the coastal waters of Bidong. These individuals (up to Widespread passage migrant and winter visitor 70) are known to breed and travel from Pulau at low elevation areas of Peninsular Malaysia Redang population or on the move south to (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson, 2012), the bird is avoid the harsh weather of the monsoon season. fairly common in most coastal areas of the East coast, associated with shallow coastal marine Bridled Tern Onychoprion anaethetus and fresh water bodies, paddy fields and other (Laridae) wetland types. Usually observed in small numbers (singles or couples), feeding at water A resident breeder in the strait of Melaka and edges. In Pulau Bidong, the common sandpiper South China Sea (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson, was mentioned in old surveys of Pulau Bidong 2012). It prefers rocky stalks located distant (Bonhote, 1910; Gibson-Hill, 1952). In the from the mainland or larger islands (Hamza et present study, the Common Sandpiper was al., 2016a), to hide their eggs in crevices and observed once in 2016, two individuals were under boulders. Feeds mainly at oceanic waters seen feeding near the jetty at Pantai Vietnam, and rarely seen in coastal waters. In Pulau indicating that they were early migrants using Bidong, a few individuals were seen feeding at the island as a stopover site. On the mainland, open seawaters to the west and southwest of the the species is frequently seen singly or a few island, believed to be individuals from the individuals feeding at the paddy fields of the Pulau Rdang breeding population, (App. 1f) Terengganu coastal area (Hamza, personal observations), (App. 1c)

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Pied Imperial Pigeon Ducula bicolor extends from Myanmar to southern Peninsular (Columbidae) Malaysia, mainly from low elevations up to 1200 m (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson 2012). In A resident bird particularly on small coastal Pulau Bidong, usually observed at dawn flying and offshore islands in both east and west with very distinctive paddle-shaped wings and coasts of Peninsular Malaysia (Jeyarajasingam fluttery flight low over forests in small groups. & Pearson, 2012). It was also reported on the coastal mainland areas of Kuala Terengganu Collared Kingfisher Todiramphus chloris (McAfee, 2017), (David et (Alcedinidae) al., 2016), Pulau Bidong and by Gibson-Hill (1952) in other areas. The species population is In Malaysi,a three populations of this species can decreasing due to hunting pressure (Tamblyn be found, resident, passage migrant and winter 2005). Our observations confirmed that these visitor along the coastal plains (Jeyarajasingam pigeons are frequently observed roosting and & Pearson 2012). It was observed in all feeding on the top forest canopy on the island. surveys, except in May 2015. Usually seen Groups of up to 30 individuals were observed perching on low trees near the water is edge, or heading west towards the mainland during the catching fish from shallow waters in the Pantai early morning in both 2015 and 2016, (App. 1g). Vietnam area, (App. 1h).

Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus Asian Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis (Cuculidae) (Coraciidae)

Common and widespread resident, passage Common resident, passage migrant and winter migrant and winter visitor principally at low visitor throughout Peninsular Malaysia elevations (Jeyarajasingam and Pearson 2012), (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson 2012). In Pulau the northern populations are migrant. It is not Bidong, one bird was observed at the Pantai clear whether a single bird reported in May Vietnam area, at the top of one tree. The 2006 was migrant or resident, as no more birds species also can be seen in coconut plantations were observed afterwards. However, the on the east coast mainland beach. In Setiu, species was listed by Kloss (1911) but not Terengganu, several couples were observed in mentioned by Gibson-Hill (1952), indicating October 2016 on the top of dead coconut tree that it is not quite common in Pulau Bidong. trunks in an apparent preparation for nesting. Furthermore, about 20 individuals of House Swift Apus Apus affinis (Apodidae) Dollarbirds were observed at the same habitat in Pulau Sibu, , during April 2017 Abundant resident species (Jeyarajasingam & (Hamza and Mamat, 2017) indicating the wide Pearson 2012), forage in groups at forest edges distribution of the population. and top canopies. Usually active most of the day and seen more frequently on top canopy at Pantai White-nest swiftlet Aerodramus fuciphaga Vietnam beach area. Can use buildings and (Apodidae) bridges as nest sites, however, naturally it nests in cave mouths or in crevices on cliff faces. Very common small bird, breeds naturally in limestone caves and crevices, but adapted to Silver-rumped spine-tail Rhaphidura man-made structures in urban areas. Nest made leucopygialis (Apodidae) of Saliva is harvested and exported to the Chinese market as a delicacy food and source Common resident swiftlet species, distribution of pharmaceutical products.

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Swiftlets forage for insects (i.e. diptera, Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis homoptera, hymenoptera, coleoptera) at the (Sylvidae) canopy tops in forest edges and sometimes are seen flying lower at dusk at Pantai Vietnam, Common and widespread passage migrant and feeding on flying insects. The species was winter visitor, the most common warbler observed in the 2014, 2015 and 2016 surveys. species in Malaysia (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson 2012). Feeding on insects, it frequents the Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica (Hirundinidae) canopy and crowns of smaller trees. It was observed at the trail from the UMT station to Abundant passage migrant, migrates to Malaysia Pantai Vietnam site in 2016. This bird would be from East Asia, where it breeds. Many first winter on the route to breeding areas when observed in birds spent their year in Malaysia and other May and very rare until September-November tropical countries using diverse habitats. In Pulau where the number of migrant passages surge in Bidong, it is usually observed feeding insects the Malay Peninsula (Wells et al., 1999). during flight at the top canopy. The numbers can reach a few hundred in one area, especially during Ruby-cheeked Sunbird Chalcoparia daybreak and dusk. singalensis (Nectariniidae)

Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica Fairly common resident from low elevations up to (Hirundinidae) 900 m (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson 2012), feeding on insects but rarely on nectar and moves between Abundant resident bird at low elevations up to flowers at top and middle story forest layers 1800 m, less common than Barn swallow with searching for insects. Two birds caught in mist net which it shares roosting sites. Very adapted to during the May-June 2015 trip. human constructions where it can be seen nesting at abandoned buildings (Jeyarajasingam Brown-throated Sunbird Anthreptes & Pearson 2012). Observed in Pulau Bidong malacensis (Nectariniidae) feeding in small groups at the top canopy in both May and August 2015 and during the Nectarivore feeder, attracted to flower nectar of August 2016 trips. lower canopy shrubs (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson 2012). Common and widespread Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea (Motacillidae) resident at low elevations, reported from several islands including Langkawi, Pulau Common winter visitor, less common than Pinang, Pulau Tioman, Pulau Pangkor, Pulau Yellow Wagtail, common in highlands, usually Pemanggil and Pulau Aur. In Terengganu feeds at the margins and grassy areas sighted in Pulau Kapas (Jeyarajasingam & (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson 2012). In Pulau Pearson 2012). It was observed in the May- Bidong, a single individual was observed in June 2015 trip as well as in the August 2015 August 2016, feeding on the sandy shore of the and 2016 trips on Pulau Bidong. Pantai Vietnam site. This species is known to feed on small invertebrates picked from open Purple-throated Sunbird Leptocoma sperata surfaces and the water is edges (Wells et al., (Nectariniidae) 1999). Historic records did not mention this species in Pulau Bidong (Gibson-Hill 1952), Common resident at low elevations along the although it was reported from Pulau Perhentian, coastal plains, it can inhabit higher altitudes Pulau Redang and Pulau Tioman (Wells et al., both inland and on islands. Inhabits lower story 1999). forests and forest edges (Jeyarajasingam &

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Pearson 2012). A Nectarivore feeder, usually arrives in Malaysia during autumn migration. It heard singing rather than seen. This species successfully adapted to several habitats, was observed in 2006, 2015 and 2016, mainly including urban gardens. The resident breeder at the forest edges in Pulau Bidong. subspecies O. c. maculatus, have greater black color on wings compared to the migrant Olive-backed Sunbird Nectarinia jugularis subspecies O. c. diffuses (Jeyarajasingam & (Nectariniidae) Pearson 2012). The resident population mainly inhabit gardens, wooded shrubs and mangrove Another resident sunbird species, common edges, while the migrant population inhabits garden bird, occurs in similar habitats to the mangroves, forest canopy and edges. The purple-throated sunbird (above), but more migrant individuals are likely those we common in gardens to feed on potted flowers observed at top canopy edges in Pulau Bidong (Jeyarajasingam and Pearson 2012). Only during both 2006 and 2016 trips. In the later observed once in 2006, however, we believe it trip, about seven individuals were seem feeding is still occurring in Bidong, but was not on a fruiting tree at the edge of the Pantai observed during subsequent surveys. Vietnam side of Pulau Bidong.

Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra Asian Glossy Starling Aplonis panayensis (Nectariniidae) (Sturnidae)

Common forest edge and garden species Fairly common resident starling in both the (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson 2012). The bird peninsula and islands, inhabiting mangroves, was observed twice on Pulau Bidong during the open country, the forest edges, plantations, 2006 and 2016 surveys, while on mainland gardens and cities. Lives in groups and nests in Terengganu, it is a fairly common garden bird. a variety of man-made habitats, including under concrete jetties, bridges and even in discarded Orange-bellied Flowerpecker Dicaeum fishing polystyrene foam, as observed in Pulau trigonostigma (Dicaeidae) Sibu (Hamza and Mamat, 2017). Asian Glossy starlings on Pulau Bidong were observed only Another common forest edge specialist species. in 2006. It is a fairly common species in Pulau This species are among the Frugivores in both Redang and on mainland Terengganu, where it natural forest edges and gardens (Jeyarajasingam was adapted to live in urban habitats, inhabiting & Pearson 2012).The only species of this high buildings and roosts at night or even family recorded in Pulau Bidong, however, was foraging for flying insects near large lighted only observed once in the May-June 2015 areas in Kuala Terengganu (Hamza, personal survey, possibly more common on the observations). mainland than in Pulau Bidong.

Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis (Oriolidae)

An abundant widespread resident species with additional migrant population which

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Table 1: The checklist of bird survey recorded on Pulau Bidong and their distributional status. Feeding Guilds: C = Carnivores, P = Piscivores, F = Frugivores, I = Insectivore, N = Nectarivore. R=Resident, M= Migrant, IUCN, 2017 = International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources version 2017-2, LC = Least Concern, TP = Totally Protected, N/A = Not Available, WCA, 2010 = Wildlife Conservation Act 2010.

May Family Common Species name Method Feeding May Aug June Aug Aug Distribution IUCN WCA Name guild 2006 2014 2015 2015 2016 Status 2017 2010 Pacific Reef Ardeidae Egretta sacra O C + + + + + R LC TP Egret Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis O C + R,M LC TP White- Haliaeetus Accipitridae bellied Sea O P + + + + + R LC TP leucogaster Eagle Scolopacidae Common Actitis O C + M LC TP Sandpiper hypoleucos Charadriidae Greater sand Charadrius O C M LC TP plover leschenaultii + Black-naped Sterna Laridae O P + + + + R LC TP Tern sumatrana Onychoprion O P + + + Bridled Tern anaethetus R LC TP Pied Ducula Columbidae Imperial O F + + + + + R LC TP bicolour Pigeon Eudynamys Cuculidae Asian Koel V F + R,M LC TP scolopaceus Apodidae House Swift Apus affinis O I + + + R LC TP Silver- Rhaphidura O I/N + R LC TP rumped leucopygialis Needletail White nest Aerodramus O I + + R N/A N/A Swiftlet fuciphaga Collared Todiramphus Alcedinidae O C/P + + + + R,M LC TP Kingfisher chloris Eurystomus Coraciidae Dollarbird O I + R,M LC TP orientalis Hirundinidae Barn Hirundo O I + M LC TP Swallow rustica Pacific Hirundo O I + + + R LC TP Swallow tahitica Motacillidae Grey Motacilla O C/I + M LC TP Wagtail cinerea Arctic Phylloscopus Sylviidae O I + M LC TP Warbler borealis Ruby- Anthreptes Nectariniidae cheeked M N + R LC TP singalensis Sunbird Brown- Anthreptes throated M/V N + + R LC TP malacensis Sunbird Purple- Nectarinia throated M/V N + + + R LC TP sperata Sunbird Olive- Nectarinia backed O N + R LC TP jugularis Sunbird Little Arachnothera O I + + R LC TP Spiderhunter longirostra Orange- bellied Dicaeum O/M N + R LC TP Dicaeidae Flower- trigonostigma pecker Black-naped Oriolus Oriolidae O F/I + + R,M LC TP Oriole chinensis Asian Aplonis Sturnidae Glossy O I + R LC N/A Starling panayensis

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Conclusion MacArthur, R. H., & E. O. Wilson. (1967). The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton Pulau Bidong harbours a total of 26 bird species, University Press, Princeton which represent 53.85 % more species than previously collected by Kloss (1910) and Gibson- Bonhote, J. L. J. (1901). On the Birds collected Hill (1952). The diverse habitats in this island during the” Skeat Expedition” to the Malay resulted in species resource partitioning where Peninsula, 1899-1900. Zoological Society each species is restricted to a specific feeding of London. guild, such as Nectarivore and Frugivores, with Cronk, Q. C. B. (1997). Islands: stability, limited number of insectivores and Piscivores. diversity, conservation. Biodiversity and The presence of Vietnamese refugees between Conservation 6: 477-493 1978 and 1991 can be one of the factors which may have influenced the low number of faunal David, G., A. Roslan, M. Mamat, M. T. Abdullah, species on the island compared to other islands in & A. Hamza. (2016). A Brief Survey on the region. An assessment of native and Birds from Pulau Perhentian Besar, introduced flora and fauna should be conducted in Terengganu. Journal of Sustainability both Pulau Bidong and the nearby islands to Science and Management. The quantify that impact. More surveys during International Seminar on the Straits of migration season, and extended point counts and Malacca and the South China Sea:11-18. mist-netting to other sides of Pulau Bidong and Gibson-Hill, C. A. (1952). Ornithological the nearby smaller islands would certainly add Notes from the Raffels Museum 15, Notes more bird species that were not reported in the on the Avifauna of Great present study. (Terengganu). Bulletin of Raffles Museum. Acknowledgements 24:220-240.

Grismer, L. L., P. L. Wood Jr, A. B. Ahmad, A. The authors would like to thank University S.-I. Sumarli, J. J. Vazquez, L. H. Ismail, Malaysia Terengganu for providing transportation R. Nance, M. A. B. Mohd-Amin, M. N. and lodging at the island during the 2014-2016 Othman, & S. A. Rizaijessika. (2014). A surveys, as well as to Marine Biology students new species of insular Rock Gecko (genus who helped in collecting data. Special thanks to Cnemaspis Strauch 1887) from the Bidong the Malaysian Nature Society, Terengganu Archipelago, Terengganu, Peninsular Branch, for supporting the survey in 2006. Special Malaysia. Zootaxa 3755:447-456. thanks to Dr. Amirrudin Ahmad for helping with data analysis (rarefaction curve). Thanks for the Hamza, A. & I.B.H. Mamat. (2017). Seabird reviewers for their constructive comments on the Survey of Southern Seribuat Archipelago first version of this paper. islands, Johor. Technical Report submitted to Department of Marine Parks Malaysia. References Pp23.

Hamza, A., C. Wong, & A. Ahmad. (2016a). Abdullah, F. (2006). Diversity of beetles in the Pulau Ling: an important seabird hotspot North East Langkawi Islands, Malaysia. on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 57: 419-431. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9:437- Armugam, P. (1981). Algal distribution in a 442. Malaysian at Pulau Bidong Laut. Hamza, A. A., C. H. Wong, & A. Ahmad. Pertanika 4(1):99-102. (2016b). Rediscovery of least known

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breeding sites for seabirds in East Coast Nakajima, R., T. Yoshida, B. Azman, H. Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Yamazaki, T. Toda, B. Othman, K. Zaleha, Journal 68:121-129. & A. Effendy. (2013). A Preliminary Study of Small Scavenging Crustaceans Jeropakal, A. J. (1998). A study on clownfish Collected By Baited Traps In a Coral Reef (Amphiprion sp.) diversity and associate of , Malaysia. Malaysian with sea anemone in some selected sites in Journal of Science 32:59-66. Pulau Bidong and Pulau Redang. B.Sc. Thesis. Fakulti Perikanan dan Akua- Ng, P. K., H. Yong, & N. Sodhi. (1999). Industri. Kolej Universiti Sains dan Biodiversity research on Pulau Tioman, Technologi Malaysis (KUSTEM). Peninsular Malaysia: a historical perspective. The Raffles Bulletin of Jeyarajasingam, A. & A. Pearson. (2012). A Zoology 6:5-10. Field Guide to the Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Oxford University Pesiu, E., M. T. Abdullah, J. Salim, & M. R. Press. Salam. (2016). Tree Species Composition In Pulau Bidong and Pulau Redang. Khor, H. M. (2002). Composition and distribution Journal of Sustainability Science and of corals and macroalgae in Pulau Bidong Management Special Issue 48-50. and the island’s proposed management plan. Master thesis. Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Roslan, A., G., David & N. I. Ahmad. (2016). Kolej Universiti Sains dan Technologi Notes of Bats in Pulau Bidong and Pulau Malaysis (KUSTEM). Perhentian Besar, Terengganu, Malaysia. Journal of Sustainability Science and Kloss, C. (1911). On a collection of mammals Management:The International Seminar on and other vertebrates from the Terengganu the Straits of Malacca and the South China Archipelago. Journal of the Federated Sea 2016: 2026-2035. Malay States Museums 4:175-212. Rosmidi, F.-H., M.-A. Zahidin, A. Adanan, A. Koh, L. P., N. S. Sodhi, H. T. W. Tan, and K. Azizah, E. Pesiu, & M. T. Abdullah. S. H. Peh. (2002). Factors affecting the (2017). Checklist of Butterflies in Pulau distribution of vascular plants, springtails, Perhentian and Pulau Bidong, Terengganu. butterflies and birds on small tropical Journal of Sustainability Science and islands. Journal of Biogeography 29:93- Management 12:40-48. 108. Sodhi, N. S., C. Briffett, B. P. Y. Lee, & R. Lack, D. (1970). Island Birds. Biotropica 2:29- Subaraj. (1999). An annotated checklist of 31. the birds of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular

Lorenzo, B., M. Kochzius, D. Cardenosa, P. Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Borsa, M. A. Ambak, & J. Joseph. (2016). Supplement No. 6: 125-130.

Connectivity and population structure of Tamblyn, A., Turner, C., O’Malley, R., Hughes, blacktip reef sharks, Carcharhinus T., Hardingham, & S., Roberts, H. (2005). melanopterus, in two islands in Malaysian Tropical Forest Conservation Terengganu, Malaysia. Book of Abstracts: Project. Report of the Perhentian Phase. Vliz Marine Scientist Day Vives, Brugge London, United Kingdom. 12 February 2016. Accessed 11 August 2017 at http://pure.ilvo.vlaanderen.be/ Teh, T. (2000). Sustainable development and portal/files/4227992/VLIZ_2016_Book_ environmental management of Malaysian of_asbtracts.pdf#page=32. islands. Islands in Malaysia: Issues and

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challenges:319-340. Wells, D., P. D. Round, & U. Treesucon. (1999). The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula : Turner, C., T. King, R. O’Malley, M. Cummings, covering Burma and Thailand south of the & P. Raines. (2002). Danjugan Island eleventh parallel, Peninsular Malaysia and Biodiversity Survey: Terrestrial. Final Singapore. Academic Press, San Diego. Report. Coral Cay Conservation Ltd., London, unpublished report.

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a. Pacific Reef Egret b. Cattle Egret

c. Common Sandpiper d. Greater sand plover

e. Black-naped Tern f. Bridled Tern

g. Pied Imperial Pigeon h. Collared Kingfisher

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i. Olive-backed Sunbird j. Black-naped Oriole

k. Asian Glossy Starling

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