Nanaimo Vital Signs Technical Research Report

NANAIMO VITAL SIGNS TECHNICAL RESEARCH REPORT

NOVEMBER 2019

Contents List of figures ...... 6 Geographies ...... 13 Geographies used for the 2019 Nanaimo Vital Signs report ...... 13 Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, ...... 14 Nanaimo Regional District ...... 16 Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District ...... 18 Nanaimo Local Health Area ...... 20 City of Nanaimo ...... 23 Nanaimo “postal city” and other “postal cities” ...... 23 Nanaimo and Nanaimo-North Cowichan provincial election ridings ...... 23 Nanaimo real estate zone ...... 25 Various Nanaimo area police service areas, ...... 25 School districts within the Central Vancouver Island Health Service Delivery Area ...... 27 Community profile ...... 28 About Nanaimo ...... 28 2011 and 2016 census populations, ...... 29 Median age, ...... 30 20-year age brackets, ...... 31 Males and females, ...... 33 Aboriginal population, ...... 34 Visible Minorities, ...... 35 Immigrants, ...... 36 Recent immigrants, ...... 38 Immigrant source countries, ...... 39 Recent immigrant source countries, ...... 39 Top five languages spoken often at home, ...... 40 Households by household type, ...... 41 Population projections, ...... 42 Climate averages ...... 42 Components of population growth, ...... 43 Arts and culture ...... 44 Arts, culture and film jobs, ...... 44

Public art installations, ...... 46 Nanaimo Museum visits ...... 46 Port Theatre attendance, ...... 47 Nanaimo Library, ...... 47 Festivals and events ...... 48 Belonging and leadership ...... 50 Municipal election voter turnout, ...... 50 Provincial election voter turnout, ...... 51 Gender of elected officials ...... 52 Persons (5+ years old) who have moved in the past five years, ...... 53 Students who feel welcome at school, ...... 54 Number of registered charities, ...... 55 Percentage of taxfilers making charitable donations, ...... 55 Charitable donation amounts, ...... 56 BC211 service, ...... 57 Economy ...... 59 Employment, ...... 59 Labour force status, ...... 60 Income sources,...... 61 Industry – top five sectors of employment, ...... 62 Occupations – top five broad occupational categories of employment, ...... 63 Top ten employers in the Nanaimo area, ...... 64 Median full-time, full-year employment income, ...... 65 Family income, ...... 66 Singles income, ...... 67 Male and female before-tax median incomes, ...... 68 Building permit values, ...... 69 Housing starts, ...... 70 Hotel occupancy rate, ...... 71 Business licences ...... 72 Woodgrove Centre ...... 72 Environment ...... 73 Water consumption ...... 73 Parks ...... 74 2

Solid waste generation and diversion, ...... 75 Environmental clean-ups ...... 76 Air Quality Health Index (AQHI), ...... 76 Temperature and precipitation, ...... 78 Number of water quality complaints ...... 79 Agricultural Land Reserve, ...... 80 Gap between rich and poor ...... 81 Poverty (low-income rates) – overall population, ...... 81 Poverty (low-income rates) – children and youth (0-17 years old), ...... 82 Poverty (low-income rates) – seniors (65+ years old), ...... 85 Aboriginal (off-reserve only) poverty (low-income) rates, ...... 86 Recent immigrant (immigrated between 2011 and May 2016) and non-recent immigrant (immigrated prior to 2011) poverty (low-income rates), ...... 87 Income inequality – percentage of population with incomes in the bottom 10% or top 10% of income distributions, . 88 Unemployment rate, ...... 90 Income assistance, ...... 91 Getting around and transportation ...... 93 Walkscore™,,...... 93 Households close to services, ...... 96 Number of transit rides, ...... 96 Number of vehicles, ...... 97 Sustainable commuting modes, ...... 99 Ferry traffic...... 101 Airport ...... 101 Seaplane/Helijet ...... 102 Bike to Work and School Week, ...... 102 Kilometres of new bike routes and new sidewalks ...... 103 Health and wellness ...... 104 A note about geographies ...... 104 Life expectancy, ...... 104 Total fertility rate, ...... 105 Teenage fertility rate, ...... 106 Age-standardized mortality rate, ...... 107 Top five most common chronic diseases, ...... 108

Dementia, ...... 109 Population with a family doctor, ...... 110 Child and youth mental disease and disorders hospitalization rate ...... 111 Alcohol-related death rate, ...... 112 Tobacco-related death rate, ...... 113 Illicit drug overdose death rate, ...... 114 Activity limitation, ...... 115 Youth mental health, ...... 116 Needle pick-ups and needle distribution ...... 116 Housing ...... 117 Spending 30% or more of before-tax household income on housing costs, ...... 117 Single family house benchmark prices, ...... 119 Apartment benchmark prices,...... 120 Median rents for purpose-built rental units, ...... 121 Rental vacancy rates for purpose-built rental units, ...... 122 Purpose-built rental inventory, ...... 124 Homeless counts, ...... 126 Social housing inventory, ...... 128 Social housing wait list, ...... 130 Homeless shelters, ...... 131 Learning ...... 132 School district boundaries note ...... 132 Public and independent school enrollment, ...... 132 Early Development Instrument results, ...... 134 Foundation Skills Assessment (FSA) test results, ...... 136 High school graduation – all students and Aboriginal students, ...... 142 Vancouver Island University enrollment, ...... 143 Vancouver Island University credentials, ...... 144 Highest education levels achieved by main working age population, ...... 146 Aboriginal enrollment – public schools, ...... 148 Aboriginal education at Vancouver Island University ...... 149 Vancouver Island University tuition waiver program ...... 150

Safety and security...... 151 Crime rate, ...... 151 Motor vehicle theft, ...... 151 Drug offenses, ...... 152 Juvenile violent crime rate, ...... 154 Crime Severity Index,...... 154 Fatal crashes, ...... 155 Bullying, ...... 157 Children in care, ...... 158

List of figures Figure 1: Nanaimo Census Agglomeration map...... 15 Figure 2: Nanaimo Census Agglomeration map (zoomed-in) ...... 15 Figure 3: Nanaimo Regional District Map ...... 17 Figure 4: Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District map ...... 19 Figure 5: Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area map ...... 21 Figure 6: Nanaimo-North Cowichan provincial election riding map ...... 23 Figure 7: Nanaimo provincial election riding map ...... 24 Figure 8: Gabriola Island RCMP service area map ...... 25 Figure 9: Ladysmith RCMP service area map ...... 26 Figure 10: Nanaimo RCMP service area map ...... 26 Figure 11: School districts within the Central Vancouver Island Health Service Delivery Area ...... 27 Figure 12: Populations, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration Census Subdivisions, 2011-2016 ...... 29 Figure 13: Populations, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2011-2016 ...... 29 Figure 14: Median age, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 ...... 30 Figure 15: Population by twenty year age groups, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 ...... 31 Figure 16: Population by twenty year age groups, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2006 and 2016 ...... 32 Figure 17: Population by sex (male/female) composition, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 33 Figure 18: Population by sex (male/female) composition, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2006 and 2016 ...... 33 Figure 19: Aboriginal Identity Population, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 ...... 34 Figure 20: Aboriginal Identity Population, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2006 and 2016 ...... 35 Figure 21: Visible Minority Population, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 ...... 35 Figure 22: Visible Minority Population, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2006 and 2016 ...... 36 Figure 23: Population by immigration status, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 ...... 37 Figure 24: Population by immigration status, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2006 and 2016 ...... 37 Figure 25: Recent immigrant (immigrated between 2011 and 2016) population, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 ...... 38 Figure 26: Recent immigrant (immigrated within the past five years) population, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2006 and 2016 ...... 38 Figure 27: Top five most common immigrant source countries (for immigrants of any period of immigration), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2016 ...... 39 Figure 28: Top five most common recent immigrant source countries (for immigrants who immigrated between 2011 and 2016), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2016 ...... 40 Figure 29: Top five most commonly spoken languages at home, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2016 ...... 40 Figure 30: Total households by household type, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and urban areas, 2016 ...... 41 Figure 31: Population projections for total population, children and youth (0-19 years old) and seniors (65+ years old), Nanaimo Regional District, 2019 and 2039...... 42 Figure 32: Climate averages, Nanaimo Airport, 1981-2010...... 43 Figure 33: Components of population change, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2013/2014 to 2017/2018 ...... 44 Figure 34: Number of persons working in the arts, culture and film industries, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2006 and 2016 ...... 45 Figure 35: Number of events and patrons who attended events, Port Theatre, 2014-2018 ...... 47 Figure 36: Total items circulated, Nanaimo libraries and Vancouver Island libraries, 2017-2018 ...... 48 Figure 37: Total number of program attendees, Nanaimo libraries and Vancouver Island libraries, 2017-2018 ...... 48 6

Figure 38: Number of ballots cast, estimated number of eligible voters, and voter turnout rates, Nanaimo area geographies, 2011, 2014 and 2018 municipal elections ...... 50 Figure 39: Voter turnout rates, City of Nanaimo and comparison geographies, 2011, 2014 and 2018 municipal elections ...... 50 Figure 40: Number of registered voters who voted, number of registered voters, and percentage of registered voters who voted, Nanaimo ridings and British Columbia, 2009, 2013, and 2017 provincial elections ...... 51 Figure 41: Number of male and female elected officials by jurisdiction/municipality, as of July 2019 ...... 52 Figure 42: Number of persons 5+ years old who moved to their current residence within the past five years, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban areas, 2006 and 2016 ...... 53 Figure 43: Number and percentage of students who reported feeling welcome many times or all of the time at school, by grade, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 ...... 54 Figure 44: Number and percentage of students who reported feeling welcome at school many times or all of the time, grades 3, 4, 7, 10 and 12 results combined, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2015/2016 ...... 54 Figure 45: Number of registered charities, Nanaimo area communities, July 2019 ...... 55 Figure 46: Percentage of taxfilers who made charitable donations, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2013-2017 ...... 56 Figure 47: Percentage of taxfilers who made charitable donations, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban areas, 2013-2017 ...... 56 Figure 48: Total charitable donations (in millions of $ - unadjusted for inflation), for Nanaimo Census Agglomeration taxfilers, 2013-2017 ...... 56 Figure 49: Median annual charitable donations (unadjusted for inflation), for Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban area taxfilers who donated to charity, 2013-2017 ...... 57 Figure 50: Number of unique users searching for information on BC 211, by open search and icon search, Gabriola Island, Ladysmith and Nanaimo, May 2019 ...... 58 Figure 51: Top search topics by icon type, Nanaimo region, May 2019 ...... 58 Figure 52: Total employed persons, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, May 2006 and May 2016 .. 60 Figure 53: Labour force participation rate (%) among main working age population (25-64 years old), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, May 2006 and May 2016 ...... 61 Figure 54: Percentage of total income from employment income, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison geographies, 2013-2017 ...... 61 Figure 55: Top five industry sectors of employment, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration’s labour force, 2016 ...... 63 Figure 56: Top five broad occupational categories of employment, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration’s labour force, 2016 ...... 64 Figure 57: Top ten largest Nanaimo area employers, by number of jobs, 2018 ...... 64 Figure 58: Median before-tax employment income for persons who worked full-time and full-year, unadjusted for inflation, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2005 and 2015 ...... 65 Figure 59: Median before-tax family income for families, unadjusted for inflation, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2012 and 2017 ...... 66 Figure 60: Median before-tax income for singles, unadjusted for inflation, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2012 and 2017 ...... 67 Figure 61: Male and female before-tax median incomes, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban areas, 2017 ...... 68 Figure 62: Building permit values (in millions of $), unadjusted for inflation, City of Nanaimo and other cities, 2014-2018 ...... 69 Figure 63: Housing units started, by housing type, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2017 and 2018 ...... 70 7

Figure 64: Overall housing units started, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2017 and 2018 ...... 71 Figure 65: Hotel room occupancy rate, by urban area, 2016 and 2017 ...... 71 Figure 66: Hectares of parkland in regional park system in the Nanaimo Regional District, 2005, 2015 and 2019 ...... 74 Figure 67: Hectares of parkland in the city park system in Nanaimo in 2015 and 2018 ...... 74 Figure 68: Solid waste generated (kilograms per household) and garbage diversion rate, City of Nanaimo, 2017 and 2018 ...... 75 Figure 69: Number of clean-up volunteers and days, by event type, Nanaimo, 2017 and 2018 ...... 76 Figure 70: Air Quality Health Index (AQHI), Hourly Mean and Annual Maximum, Nanaimo, 2018 ...... 77 Figure 71: Air Quality Health Index (AQHI), Hourly Mean and Annual Maximum, Nanaimo and comparison cities, average 2010-2018 ...... 77 Figure 72: Climate summary, by year, Nanaimo Airport, 2010-2018 and comparison to 1981-2010 average ...... 79 Figure 73: Number of hectares in the Agricultural Land Reserve in the Nanaimo Regional District, 2015-2018 ...... 80 Figure 74: Percentage of overall population in low income households, based on CFLIM - AT (Census Family Low Income Measure After Tax), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2012 and 2017 ...... 81 Figure 75: Percentage of children and youth (0-17 years old) in low income households, based on CFLIM - AT (Census Family Low Income Measure After Tax), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2012 and 2017 ...... 82 Figure 76: Percentage of children 0-17 years old in low income families, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration census tracts, based on Census Family Low Income After Tax Measure (CFLIM-AT), 2016, ...... 84 Figure 77: Percentage of seniors (65+ years old) in low income households, based on CFLIM - AT (Census Family Low Income Measure After Tax), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2012 and 2017 ...... 85 Figure 78: Percentage of Aboriginal (off-reserve) persons in low income households, based on LIM - AT (Low Income Measure After Tax), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2015 ...... 86 Figure 79: Percentage of recent immigrants (immigrated between 2011 and May 2016) and non-recent immigrants (immigrated prior to 2011) in low income households, based on LIM - AT (Low Income Measure After Tax), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2015 ...... 87 Figure 80: Residents in top or bottom 10% income distribution (based on Canada-wide family after-tax income distributions), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2015 ...... 89 Figure 81: Unemployment rate, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, May 2006 and May 2016 ...... 90 Figure 82: Percentage of population receiving income assistance, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2014 to 2018 (monthly average) ...... 91 Figure 83: Percentage of population receiving income assistance, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2014 and 2018 (monthly average) ...... 92 Figure 84: Walkscore, City of Nanaimo and comparison cities, June 2019 ...... 94 Figure 85: Central and north Nanaimo Walkscore map, June 2019 ...... 94 Figure 86: South and central Nanaimo Walkscore map, June 2019 ...... 95 Figure 87: Number of households within 400 metres of services, Nanaimo and Lantzville, 2015 and 2017...... 96 Figure 88: Transit riders - total and per capita, Nanaimo Regional District, 2011/2012 (April 2011-March 2012) - 2017/2018 (April 2017-March 2018) ...... 97 Figure 89: Number of vehicle insurance policies in force, commercial vehicles and passenger vehicles, Nanaimo and Lantzville, 2013-2017 ...... 98 Figure 90: Number of vehicle insurance policies in force per capita, passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and urban areas, 2013 and 2017...... 98 Figure 91: Mode of commuting for Nanaimo Census Agglomeration workers who work outside of their home, May 2006 and May 2016 ...... 99

Figure 92: Percentage of commuters using a sustainable mode (public transit, walking, and bicycling), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban area workers, May 2006 and May 2016 ...... 100 Figure 93: Number of BC ferry passengers and vehicles from Nanaimo to/and from Vancouver, 2012/2013-2017/2018 (fiscal years - April 1st to March 31st) ...... 101 Figure 94: Number of passengers at Nanaimo Airport, 2013-2018 ...... 101 Figure 95: Number of passengers on seaplane/helijet, Nanaimo, 2013-2017 ...... 102 Figure 96: Bike to Work and Bike to School Week statistics, Nanaimo, 2019 ...... 102 Figure 97: Kilometres of new bike routes and new sidewalks installed, City of Nanaimo, 2016-2018 ...... 103 Figure 98: Life expectancy at birth, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2007-2011 and 2013-2017 ...... 104 Figure 99: Total fertility rate per 1,000 women aged 15 to 49 years old, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2013-2017 ...... 105 Figure 100: Teenage fertility rate per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 years old, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2013-2017 ...... 106 Figure 101: Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (per 10,000 persons), Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2007-2011 and 2012-2016 ...... 107 Figure 102: Top five most common chronic diseases in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and the percentage of the population with this disease (age-standardized) in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2017 ...... 108 Figure 103: Percentage of the population with Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementia (age-standardized), Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2017 ...... 109 Figure 104: Percentage of population with a family doctor, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2008 and 2017 ...... 110 Figure 105: Child and youth mental disease and disorders hospitalization rate (per 1,000 people in each age group), Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2017...... 111 Figure 106: Alcohol-related death rate (age-standardized) per 100,000 residents, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2010-2014 ...... 112 Figure 107: Number of alcohol-related deaths, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area, 2010-2014 ...... 112 Figure 108: Tobacco-related death rate (age-standardized) per 100,000 residents, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2010-2014 ...... 113 Figure 109: Number of tobacco-related deaths, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area, 2010-2014 ...... 113 Figure 110: Illicit drug related death rates per 100,000 residents, City of Nanaimo and comparison geographies, 2014- 2018 ...... 114 Figure 111: Number of illicit drug related deaths, City of Nanaimo, 2014-2018 ...... 114 Figure 112: Total number of persons with an activity limitation and as a percentage of the population, by age group, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison geographies, 2016 ...... 115 Figure 113: Percentage of renter and owner households in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration spending 30% or more of their before-tax household income on housing, 2006 and 2016 ...... 117 Figure 114: Percentage of renter and owner households in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban areas spending 30% or more of their before-tax household income on housing costs, 2016 ...... 118 Figure 115: Single family house benchmark prices, Nanaimo and Victoria areas, May 2015, May 2018, and May 2019 . 119 Figure 116: Apartment benchmark prices, Nanaimo and Victoria areas, May 2014, May 2015, and May 2019...... 120 Figure 117: Median purpose-built rental unit rents by bedroom type, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, October 2013, October 2017 and October 2018 ...... 121

Figure 118: Median purpose-built rental unit rents by bedroom type, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban areas, October 2018 ...... 122 Figure 119: Rental vacancy rates by bedroom type, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, October 2014-October 2018 ...... 122 Figure 120: Rental vacancy rates, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban areas, October 2014-October 2018 ...... 123 Figure 121: Purpose-built rental inventory (number of units), by bedroom type, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, October 2013-October 2018 ...... 124 Figure 122: Purpose-built rental inventory (number of units), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban areas, October 2013 and October 2018...... 125 Figure 123: Sheltered and unsheltered homeless populations in Nanaimo, April 2018 ...... 126 Figure 124: Demographics of the homeless population in Nanaimo, April 2018 ...... 126 Figure 125: Homeless populations in Nanaimo, September 2008, February 2016, and April 2018 ...... 127 Figure 126: Homeless populations in most recent counts, per 100,000 residents, Nanaimo urban area and comparable urban areas ...... 127 Figure 127: Emergency shelter and housing for the homeless, City of Nanaimo, based on BC Housing data, March 2019 ...... 128 Figure 128: Transitional supported and assisted living, City of Nanaimo, based on BC Housing data, March 2019 ...... 129 Figure 129: Independent social housing, City of Nanaimo, based on BC Housing data, March 2019 ...... 129 Figure 130: Rental supplements, City of Nanaimo, based on BC Housing data, March 2019 ...... 129 Figure 131: Applicant Households applying for housing through The Housing Registry, Selected Communities - as of 31 March 2019 ...... 130 Figure 132: Emergency shelter information, as of June 2019 ...... 131 Figure 133: School enrollment by student type, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District (public school system) and Independent Schools in the area, 2014/2015-2018/2019 ...... 133 Figure 134: School enrollment, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2014/2015- 2018/2019 ...... 133 Figure 135: Vulnerability of kindergarten students on various EDI domain, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, for waves 2 (2004-2007) - 6 (2013-2016) ...... 135 Figure 136: Vulnerability of kindergarten students on one or more EDI domain, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, for waves 2 (2004-2007) - 6 (2013-2016) ...... 135 Figure 137: Grade 4 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Math Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2017/2018-2018/2019 ...... 136 Figure 138: Grade 4 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Math Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2018/2019 ...... 137 Figure 139: Grade 4 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Reading Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2017/2018-2018/2019 ...... 137 Figure 140: Grade 4 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Reading Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2018/2019 ...... 137 Figure 141: Grade 4 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Writing Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2017/2018-2018/2019 ...... 138 Figure 142: Grade 4 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Writing Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2018/2019 ...... 138 Figure 143: Grade 7 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Math Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2017/2018-2018/2019 ...... 139

Figure 144: Grade 7 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Math Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2018/2019 ...... 139 Figure 145: Grade 7 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Reading Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2017/2018-2018/2019 ...... 140 Figure 146: Grade 7 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Reading Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2018/2019 ...... 140 Figure 147: Grade 7 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Writing Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2017/2018-2018/2019 ...... 141 Figure 148: Grade 7 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Writing Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2018/2019 ...... 141 Figure 149: Six-year graduation rate for students (year six of cohort), Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2013/2014-2017/2018 ...... 142 Figure 150: Six-year graduation rate for Aboriginal students (year six of cohort), Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2013/2014-2017/2018 ...... 143 Figure 151: Number of students-full-time equivalents (FTEs), Vancouver Island University - Nanaimo campus, 2013/2014- 2017/2018 academic years ...... 143 Figure 152: Number of credentials awarded, by credential type, Vancouver Island University, 2014/2015-2017/2018 academic years ...... 144 Figure 153: Number of credentials awarded, Vancouver Island University and selected BC universities, 2014/2015- 2017/2018 academic years ...... 145 Figure 154: Total main working age (25-64 year old) residents by highest level of education achieved, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2006-2016 ...... 146 Figure 155: Total main working age (25-64 year old) residents by highest level of education achieved, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 ...... 147 Figure 156: Number of Aboriginal Students (and as a percentage of all students), Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2014/2015-2018/2019 School Years ...... 148 Figure 157: Number of Aboriginal Students (and as a percentage of all students), Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2018/2019 ...... 148 Figure 158: Overall crime rate (per 100,000 residents), Nanaimo area police jurisdictions, 2013 and 2018 ...... 151 Figure 159: Overall crime rate (per 100,000 residents), Nanaimo RCMP and police services for other urban areas, 2013 and 2018 ...... 151 Figure 160: Motor vehicle theft rate (per 100,000 residents), Nanaimo area police jurisdictions, 2013 and 2018 ...... 152 Figure 161: Motor vehicle theft rate (per 100,000 residents), Nanaimo RCMP and police services for other urban areas, 2013 and 2018 ...... 152 Figure 162: Drug offense rate (per 100,000 residents), Nanaimo area police jurisdictions, 2013 and 2018 ...... 153 Figure 163: Drug offense rate (per 100,000 residents), Nanaimo RCMP and police services for other urban areas, 2013 and 2018 ...... 153 Figure 164: Cannabis and non-cannabis offense rate (per 100,000 residents), Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal), 2013 and 2018 ...... 153 Figure 165: Number of youth charged with violent crime offenses (per 100,000 youth 12-17 years old), Nanaimo RCMP and police services for other urban areas, 2013 and 2018...... 154 Figure 166: Crime severity index, Nanaimo area police jurisdictions, 2013 and 2018 ...... 155 Figure 167: Crime severity index, Nanaimo RCMP and police services for other urban areas, 2013 and 2018 ...... 155 Figure 168: Number of fatal victims of motor vehicle accidents, City of Nanaimo, 2013-2017 ...... 155 Figure 169: Number of fatal victims of motor vehicle accidents by role in accident, City of Nanaimo, 2013-2017 ...... 156 11

Figure 170: Number of fatal victims (per 100,000 residents) of motor vehicle accidents, City of Nanaimo and other main cities in urban areas, 2013-2017 ...... 156 Figure 171: Number and percentage of students who reported being bullied, teased or picked on many times at school, by grade, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 ...... 157 Figure 172: Number and percentage of students who reported being bullied, teased or picked on many times at school, grades 3, 4, 7, 10 and 12 results combined, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2015/2016 ...... 158 Figure 173: Number of children (0-18 years old) in government care per 1,000 children (0-18 years old), Nanaimo Local Health Area, 2012 and 2017 ...... 158 Figure 174: Number of children (0-18 years old) in government care per 1,000 children (0-18 years old), Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison Local Health Areas, 2012...... 159

Geographies

Geographies used for the 2019 Nanaimo Vital Signs report The data for the 2019 Nanaimo Vital Signs report covers a wide range of topics from a variety of sources. Many of the sources use different geographies. This geographies section describes the different geographies used in this report.

The 2019 Nanaimo Vital Signs report compares results over times and also between geographies. Geographic comparisons are useful for seeing how well the Nanaimo area is doing relative to other geographies over time. The Nanaimo area, which is represented in most of this report as the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, was compared to other large census agglomerations and small metropolitan areas: the Kamloops Census Agglomeration, the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area and the Prince George Census Agglomeration. Although the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area is much larger population-wise than the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, the ‘friendly rivalry’ between the two largest Vancouver Island urban areas makes the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area a natural inclusion in these comparisons.

The geographies used in this report are designed to reasonably approximate (or come close to approximating) the geographies serviced by the Nanaimo Foundation: “The geographic area served by the Nanaimo Foundation is defined by the boundaries of School District 68 which includes the communities of Nanaimo, Lantzville, Gabriola Island, Cedar and Ladysmith.”1

The geographies used in this report include:

• The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration; • The Nanaimo Regional District; • The Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District; • The Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area; • The City of Nanaimo; • Nanaimo and other community “postal cities”; • Nanaimo and Nanaimo-North Cowichan provincial election ridings; • Nanaimo Real Estate Zone; and, • Various Nanaimo area police service areas.

1 Source: Nanaimo Foundation. https://www.nanaimofoundation.com/ 13

Nanaimo Census Agglomeration2,3

Most of the demographic and some of the housing and income (including low income) data used the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration. Although the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration boundaries do not exactly match the boundaries of the Nanaimo Foundation Service area (the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration does not include Ladysmith or Gabriola Island), the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration boundaries were chosen for most of the demographic and income analysis for the following reasons:

1) The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had a very large range of data available that are sometimes not available for smaller geographies; 2) Using the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration allowed for easy comparisons with the other urban areas of the Kamloops Census Agglomeration, the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area, the Prince George Census Agglomeration, and the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area; and, 3) The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration does not contain any of the areas serviced by the Parksville-Qualicum Foundation4 (which has its own separate programs from the Nanaimo Foundation), whereas the Nanaimo Regional District does contain some of these areas.

The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration contains the following census subdivisions (municipalities, First Nations reserves, electoral areas etc.):

• District of Lantzville; • City of Nanaimo; • Nanaimo A Electoral Area; • Nanaimo C Electoral Area; • Nanaimo River First Nations Reserve; • Nanaimo Town 1 First Nations Reserve; and, • Nanoose First Nations Reserve.

Statistics Canada defines census agglomerations as follows in their Illustrated Glossary5:

“A census agglomeration (CA) is formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CA must have a core population of at least 10,000 also based on data from the previous Census of Population Program. To be included in the CA, other adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the core, as measured by commuting flows derived from data on place of work from the previous Census Program.”

The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

2 Maps are from Statistics Canada. Geosearch. 2016 Census. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census- recensement/2016/geo/geosearch-georecherche/index-eng.cfm 3 The list of communities within the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration is from Statistics Canada. Focus on Geography, 2016 Census, population and dwelling counts. Nanaimo Census Agglomeration. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-cma- eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CMA&GC=938&TOPIC=1 4 For a list of areas serviced by the Parksville-Qualicum Foundation, please visit the Parksville-Qualicum Foundation website: https://www.parksvillequalicumfoundation.com/ 5 Source: Statistics Canada. 2016 Census. Geography. Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) and Census Agglomeration (CA). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/92-195-x/2016001/geo/cma-rmr/cma-rmr-eng.htm 14

Figure 1: Nanaimo Census Agglomeration map

Figure 2: Nanaimo Census Agglomeration map (zoomed-in)

Nanaimo Regional District6 For certain data, such as environmental data and population projection data, census agglomeration data was not available. For some of this data, the Nanaimo Regional District was used.

The Nanaimo Regional District includes the following census subdivisions (electoral areas, First Nations reserves, municipalities etc.):

• District of Lantzville • City of Nanaimo; • Nanaimo Electoral Area A; • Nanaimo Electoral Area B; • Nanaimo Electoral Area C; • Nanaimo Electoral Area D; • Nanaimo Electoral Area E; • Nanaimo Electoral Area F; • Nanaimo Electoral Area G; • Nanaimo Electoral Area H; • Nanaimo River First Nation Reserve; • Nanaimo Town 1 First Nations Reserve; • Nanoose First Nations Reserve; • City of Parksville; • Qualicum First Nations Reserve; and, • Town of Qualicum Beach.

Figure 3 shows the boundaries of the Nanaimo Regional District.

6 The Nanaimo Regional District map is from BC Government. Geographic Data. Land Use. Administrative Boundaries. Census Boundaries. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/geographic-data-services/land-use/administrative-boundaries/census-boundaries 16

Figure 3: Nanaimo Regional District Map

Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District7 The Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District has the same geographic boundaries as the Nanaimo Foundation’s service area which includes the communities of Nanaimo, Lantzville, Gabriola Island, Cedar and Ladysmith. The Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District geography was used for many learning indicators, as well as other school related indicators such as bullying and feeling welcome at school.

The Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District was compared with the following other school districts in the geographic comparisons:

• Central Okanagan School District (Kelowna area); • Greater Victoria School District (Victoria area); • Kamloops/Thompson School District (Kamloops area); and, • Prince George School District (Prince George area).

Figure 4 shows the boundaries of the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District.

7 The Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District map is from BC Government. Geographic Data. Land Use. Administrative Boundaries. School District Boundaries. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/geographic-data-services/land-use/administrative-boundaries/school-district 18

Figure 4: Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District map

Nanaimo Local Health Area8 For most of the health and wellness data, the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area was used. Many of the indicators for health and wellness did not have up to date data readily available for the comparison geographies in other health authorities, so the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area data was compared with the Greater Victoria Local Health Area, the Vancouver Island Health Authority and British Columbia.

The Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area is similar to the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in its boundaries, except that the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area also includes Gabriola Island.

The boundaries of the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area are shown in Figure 5.

8 The Nanaimo Regional District map is from BC Government. Geographic Data. Land Use. Administrative Boundaries. Health Boundaries. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/geographic-data-services/land-use/administrative-boundaries/health-boundaries 20

Figure 5: Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area map

City of Nanaimo Some of the environmental data, social housing inventory and other administrative data were for the City of Nanaimo. The boundaries for the City of Nanaimo are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

Nanaimo “postal city” and other “postal cities” For the charity count data, the charities were counted by the Canada Revenue Agency based on the name of the community at the end of the address. As there are some areas located outside of the City of Nanaimo that have Nanaimo listed as their community, these postal cities are often slightly larger in area than the actual municipal boundaries and may include parts of electoral areas and First Nations reserves as well. Postal cities were also used for charity data for Gabriola Island, Ladysmith and Lantzville.

Nanaimo and Nanaimo-North Cowichan provincial election ridings9 For provincial election results, the Nanaimo and Nanaimo-North Cowichan provincial election ridings were used. Figure 6 and Figure 7 show the boundaries of these two provincial election ridings.

Figure 6: Nanaimo-North Cowichan provincial election riding map

9 Maps for the Nanaimo and Nanaimo-North Cowichan provincial election ridings are from Elections BC. 2017 Provincial General Election Electoral District Maps. https://elections.bc.ca/resources/maps/2017-provincial-general-election-electoral-district-maps/ 23

Figure 7: Nanaimo provincial election riding map

Nanaimo real estate zone The Nanaimo real estate zone was used for the analysis of housing prices. There was no map available of the exact real estate zone boundaries. The Nanaimo real estate zone was compared with the Victoria Real Estate Board area for housing price analysis.

Various Nanaimo area police service areas10,11 Various police service areas are located within the Nanaimo area, including the Gabriola Island RCMP police service area, the Ladysmith RCMP police service area, the Nanaimo Municipal RCMP police service area, and the Nanaimo Rural RCMP police service area. The Ladysmith RCMP police service area data was missing from the original source file, so it was not used for this analysis, but all of the other police service areas within the Nanaimo area had data available.

The City of Nanaimo Municipal RCMP police service area was compared with the Kamloops Municipal RCMP, the Kelowna Municipal RCMP, the Prince George Municipal RCMP and the Victoria Municipal Police for crime statistics.

Figure 8, Figure 9 and Figure 10 show the boundaries of these RCMP service areas in the Nanaimo area.

Figure 8: Gabriola Island RCMP service area map

10 Maps for the various police service areas for the RCMP can be found at RCMP. Find a detachment-BC website. http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/detach/en/find/BC 11 The Nanaimo RCMP service area map does not distinguish between the Nanaimo Rural RCMP and the Nanaimo Municipal RCMP that are used for the crime statistics. 25

Figure 9: Ladysmith RCMP service area map

Figure 10: Nanaimo RCMP service area map

School districts within the Central Vancouver Island Health Service Delivery Area 12 Data for the youth mental health part of the Health and Wellness section from the 2018 BC Adolescent Health Survey is for the Central Vancouver Island Health Service Delivery Area, which includes students from the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, the Qualicum School District, the Alberni School District and the Cowichan Valley School District (Figure 11).

Figure 11: School districts within the Central Vancouver Island Health Service Delivery Area

12 Source for map: McCreary Centre Society. 2013 BC Adolescent Health Survey. P.7 https://www.mcs.bc.ca/pdf/AHSV_CentralVancouverIsland.pdf 27

Community profile

About Nanaimo Nanaimo is located on the east side of Vancouver Island 23 km west from Vancouver separated by the Salish Sea and 113 km north of Victoria, the capital of British Columbia. The City of Nanaimo, which is 90.8 sq.km in area, fits within the following geographic and administrative areas:

· Nanaimo Census Agglomeration;

· Nanaimo Regional District;

· Nanaimo Local Health Area; and,

· Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District.

Nanaimo was first inhabited thousands of years ago by the Snuneymuxw First Nations People who named the area “Sne- ney-mous”, which means “meeting place”. Nanaimo was dubbed the “Hub City” early in its history by the Vancouver Island Development League because of its central location on Vancouver Island. Although Nanaimo City contains the majority of the populations of both the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and the Nanaimo Regional District (which also contains the Parksville Census Agglomeration), the City makes up less than 10% of the land area of both the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration (1,280.8 sq.km) and the Nanaimo Regional District (2,038.0 sq.km)13.

13 Area statistics come from the following sources: Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and Nanaimo City: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. Nanaimo Regional District: Statistics Canada. Focus on Geography. 2016 Census. Nanaimo Regional District. Population and Dwelling Counts. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-cd-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CD&GC=5921&TOPIC=1

2011 and 2016 census populations14,15 The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had 104,936 residents in 2016, an increase of 6,915 residents (7.1% increase) from 2011 (Figure 12). In 2016, the majority of Nanaimo Census Agglomeration residents lived in the City of Nanaimo (population: 90,504). The population increased between 2011 and 2017 in five out of seven census sub-divisions.

Figure 12: Populations, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration Census Subdivisions, 2011-2016 Population Population change, 2011- change, 2011- Census subdivision Population, 2011 Population, 2016 2016 (#) 2016 (%) Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 98,021 104,936 6,915 7.1% Nanaimo City 83,810 90,504 6,694 8.0% Nanaimo Electoral Area A 6,908 7,058 150 2.2% Lantzville District Municipality 3,601 3,605 4 0.1% Nanaimo Electoral Area C 2,834 2,808 -26 -0.9% Nanaimo River First Nations Reserve 287 371 84 29.3% Nanaimo Town 1 First Nations Reserve 377 360 -17 -4.5% Nanoose First Nations Reserve 204 230 26 12.7% The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had the third-largest population among the five analyzed urban areas in 2016 (Figure 13) with a very similar population (104,936 residents in 2016) to the Kamloops Census Agglomeration (103,811 residents). The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had the second fastest rate of population increase between 2011 and 2016 among the five urban areas, trailing only the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area.

Figure 13: Populations, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2011-2016 Population Population change, 2011- change, 2011- Geography Population, 2011 Population, 2016 2016 (#) 2016 (%) Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 98,021 104,936 6,915 7.1% Kamloops Census Agglomeration 98,754 103,811 5,057 5.1% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 179,839 194,882 15,043 8.4% Prince George Census Agglomeration 84,232 86,622 2,390 2.8% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 344,580 367,770 23,190 6.7% The Nanaimo Regional District (which also contains the Parksville Census Agglomeration), had 155,698 residents in 2016, which represented a 6.2% increase from 2011.

14 Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. 15 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. 29

Median age16,17 The median age of the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration population was 45.9 years old in 2016 (Figure 14), which was the oldest median age among the urban areas.

Figure 14: Median age, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 Geography Median age Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 45.9 Kamloops Census Agglomeration 43.6 Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 45.5 Prince George Census Agglomeration 39.4 Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 45.0 Between 2006 and 2016, the median age in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration increased by 2.6 years from 43.3 years old in 2006 to 45.9 years old in 2016.

16 Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. 2006 data: Statistics Canada. 2006 Community Profiles. Comprehensive Download Files. Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92- 591/index.cfm?Lang=E 17 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. 30

20-year age brackets18,19 The most populated twenty year age groups in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in 2016 were 40-59 years old (27.1% of the population) and 60-79 years old (24.0%) (Figure 15). The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had a relatively old age profile (lower percentages of 0-19 year olds and 20-39 year olds and higher percentages of 60-79 years old and 80+ years old) compared with the Kamloops Census Agglomeration and the Prince George Census Agglomeration. The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had a lower proportion of young adult to young-middle age adults (20-39 years old) than the other urban areas and a higher percentage of near seniors and younger seniors (60-79 years old) than the other urban areas.

Figure 15: Population by twenty year age groups, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 Kamloops Kelowna Census Prince George Victoria Census Nanaimo Census Census Metropolitan Census Metropolitan Age Group Agglomeration Agglomeration Area Agglomeration Area 0-19 years old (#) 20,640 21,475 38,075 20,475 66,600 0-19 years old (%) 19.7% 20.7% 19.5% 23.6% 18.1% 20-39 years old (#) 24,650 26,155 47,100 23,485 95,365 20-39 years old (%) 23.5% 25.2% 24.2% 27.1% 25.9% 40-59 years old (#) 28,420 29,055 53,790 24,855 100,390 40-59 years old (%) 27.1% 28.0% 27.6% 28.7% 27.3% 60-79 years old (#) 25,190 22,145 44,490 15,340 83,500 60-79 years old (%) 24.0% 21.3% 22.8% 17.7% 22.7% 80+ years old (#) 6,040 4,970 11,420 2,470 21,925 80+ years old (%) 5.8% 4.8% 5.9% 2.9% 6.0% Total (#) 104,935 103,810 194,885 86,625 367,770

18 Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. 2006 data: Statistics Canada. 2006 Community Profiles. Comprehensive Download Files. Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92- 591/index.cfm?Lang=E 19 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. 31

Between 2006 and 2016, the largest population increases in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in total numbers were for 60-79 year olds (8,235 person increase), followed by 20-39 year olds (3,380 person increase), while the largest percentage increases were for 60-79 year olds (48.6% increase) and 80+ year olds (30.2% increase) (Figure 16). The only twenty year age group to have a drop in population during this period was the 40-59 year old age group (-465 person decrease, -1.6% decrease), although this age group was still the largest age group in both periods (31.3% of the population in 2006 and 27.1% of the population in 2016).

Figure 16: Population by twenty year age groups, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2006 and 2016 2006-2016 2006-2016 Age Group 2006 2016 change (#) change (%) 0-19 years old (#) 20,610 20,640 30 0.1% 0-19 years old (%) 22.3% 19.7% -2.6% 20-39 years old (#) 21,270 24,650 3,380 15.9% 20-39 years old (%) 23.0% 23.5% 0.5% 40-59 years old (#) 28,885 28,420 -465 -1.6% 40-59 years old (%) 31.3% 27.1% -4.2% 60-79 years old (#) 16,955 25,190 8,235 48.6% 60-79 years old (%) 18.4% 24.0% 5.6% 80+ years old (#) 4,640 6,040 1,400 30.2% 80+ years old (%) 5.0% 5.8% 0.7% Total (#) 92,365 104,935 12,570 13.6%

Males and females20,21 In 2016, the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had slightly more females (53,980 females, 51.4% of the population) than males (50,960 males, 48.6% of the population) (Figure 17), which was similar to all of the analyzed urban areas except for the Prince George Census Agglomeration (where males outnumbered females very slightly).

Figure 17: Population by sex (male/female) composition, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 males as % of Geography Total population # of males population # of females Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 104,935 50,960 48.6% 53,980 Kamloops Census Agglomeration 103,810 51,190 49.3% 52,620 Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 194,885 94,755 48.6% 100,125 Prince George Census Agglomeration 86,625 43,500 50.2% 43,120 Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 367,770 177,395 48.2% 190,380

The male and female populations increased by a very similar percentage in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration between 2006 and 2016 (Figure 18), with females increasing by 13.7% and males increasing by 13.5%. As a result, the percentage of the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration population that was female was the same in both 2006 and 2016 (51.4% in both years).

Figure 18: Population by sex (male/female) composition, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2006 and 2016 males as % of Year Total population # of males population # of females 2006 92,365 44,890 48.6% 47,470 2016 104,935 50,960 48.6% 53,980 2006-2016 (# change) 12,570 6,070 6,510 2006-2016 (% change) 13.6% 13.5% 0.0% 13.7%

20 Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. 2006 data: Statistics Canada. 2006 Community Profiles. Comprehensive Download Files. Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92- 591/index.cfm?Lang=E 21 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. The Census only measures the biological sex of individuals based on male or female classification, neither genders nor multiple sexes. Therefore, the Census does not include information on the number of transgendered individuals etc. 33

Aboriginal population22,23 In 2016, the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had 8,265 Aboriginal (based on Aboriginal Identity) residents, which composed 8.1% of the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration’s population (Figure 19). The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had the third highest proportion of Aboriginal residents among the urban areas.

Figure 19: Aboriginal Identity Population, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 Aboriginal # of Non- Non-Aboriginal # of Aboriginal residents as % of Aboriginal residents as % of Geography Total population residents population residents population Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 101,985 8,265 8.1% 93,720 91.9% Kamloops Census Agglomeration 100,755 10,700 10.6% 90,055 89.4% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 190,565 11,370 6.0% 179,195 94.0% Prince George Census Agglomeration 85,135 12,395 14.6% 72,740 85.4% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 357,690 17,245 4.8% 340,445 95.2% The Aboriginal population increased at a much faster rate (56.1% increase) than the non-Aboriginal population (9.0% increase) in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration between 2006 and 2016 (Figure 20). The Aboriginal population increased by 2,970 people in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration between 2006 and 2016. The Aboriginal population composed a larger share of the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration population (8.1%) in 2016 compared with 2006 (5.8%).

22 Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. 2006 data: Statistics Canada. 2006 Community Profiles. Comprehensive Download Files. Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92- 591/index.cfm?Lang=E 23 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Statistics Canada definition of Aboriginal identity: "Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016." https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dict/pop001-eng.cfm

Figure 20: Aboriginal Identity Population, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2006 and 2016 Aboriginal # of Non- Non-Aboriginal # of Aboriginal residents as % of Aboriginal residents as % of Year Total population residents population residents population 2006 91,295 5,295 5.8% 86,000 94.2% 2016 101,985 8,265 8.1% 93,720 91.9% 2006-2016 (# change) 10,690 2,970 7,720 2006-2016 (% change) 11.7% 56.1% 2.3% 9.0% -2.3%

Visible Minorities24,25 There were 9,280 Visible Minority residents in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in 2016, composing 9.1% of the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration’s population (Figure 21). In 2016, the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had the second highest proportion of Visible Minorities among the urban areas (behind only the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area).

Figure 21: Visible Minority Population, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 Visible # of Non- Non-Visible # of Visible Minority Visible Minority Total Minority residents as % Minority residents as % Geography population residents of population residents of population Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 101,985 9,280 9.1% 92,705 90.9% Kamloops Census Agglomeration 100,760 7,320 7.3% 93,440 92.7% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 190,560 14,930 7.8% 175,630 92.2% Prince George Census Agglomeration 85,135 6,790 8.0% 78,345 92.0% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 357,690 50,310 14.1% 307,380 85.9%

The Visible Minority population increased at a much faster rate (39.9% increase) than the non-Visible Minority population (9.5% increase) in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration between 2006 and 2016 (Figure 22). The Visible Minority population increased by 2,645 people in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration between 2006 and 2016. The

24 Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. 2006 data: Statistics Canada. 2006 Community Profiles. Comprehensive Download Files. Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92- 591/index.cfm?Lang=E 25 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Statistics Canada definition of visible minority: "Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese." https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dict/pop127-eng.cfm

Visible Minority population composed a larger share of the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration population (9.1%) in 2016 compared with 2006 (7.3%).

Figure 22: Visible Minority Population, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2006 and 2016 Visible # of Non- Non-Visible # of Visible Minority Visible Minority Total Minority residents as % Minority residents as % Year population residents of population residents of population 2006 91,295 6,635 7.3% 84,660 92.7% 2016 101,985 9,280 9.1% 92,705 90.9% 2006-2016 (# change) 10,690 2,645 8,045 2006-2016 (% change) 11.7% 39.9% 1.8% 9.5% -1.8%

Immigrants26,27 There were 14,915 immigrants (from any period of immigration) living in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in 2016, composing 14.6% of the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration’s population (Figure 23). The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had the second highest proportion of immigrants among the urban areas, with only the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area having a higher proportion of immigrants. There were 1,475 non-permanent residents living in the Nanaimo Census

26 Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. 2006 data: Statistics Canada. 2006 Community Profiles. Comprehensive Download Files. Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92- 591/index.cfm?Lang=E 27 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Statistics Canada definition of immigrants: ''Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016." https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dict/pop221-eng.cfm Statistics Canada definition of Non-permanent residents: 'Non-permanent resident' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit. or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dict/pop148-eng.cfm

Agglomeration in 2016, composing 1.4% of the population, a proportion of the population similar to the other urban areas analyzed.

Figure 23: Population by immigration status, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 Non- Non- permanent Immigrant immigrants # of non- residents Total # of s as % of # of non- as % of permanent as % of Geography population immigrants population immigrants population residents population Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 101,990 14,915 14.6% 85,600 83.9% 1,475 1.4% Kamloops Census Agglomeration 100,760 9,445 9.4% 89,970 89.3% 1,345 1.3% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 190,565 26,450 13.9% 162,060 85.0% 2,055 1.1% Prince George Census Agglomeration 85,135 8,400 9.9% 75,925 89.2% 810 1.0% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 357,695 65,615 18.3% 285,350 79.8% 6,730 1.9%

The immigrant population increased at a slower rate (7.1% increase) than the non-immigrant population (11.6% increase) in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration between 2006 and 2016 (Figure 24). The immigrant population increased by 985 people in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration between 2006 and 2016. The immigrant population composed a slightly smaller share of the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration population (14.6%) in 2016 compared with 2006 (15.3%). The non-permanent resident population increased at a very fast rate between 2006 and 2016 (113.8% increase). The non-permanent resident population increased by 785 people in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration between 2006 and 2016. The non-permanent resident population composed a slightly larger share of the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration population (1.4%) in 2016 compared with 2006 (0.8%).

Figure 24: Population by immigration status, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2006 and 2016 Non- Non- permanent # of Immigrant # of non- immigrant # of non- residents Total immigrant s as % of immigrant s as % of permanent as % of Year population s population s population residents population 2006 91,295 13,930 15.3% 76,670 84.0% 690 0.8% 2016 101,990 14,915 14.6% 85,600 83.9% 1,475 1.4% 2006-2016 (# change) 10,695 985 8,930 785 2006-2016 (% change) 11.7% 7.1% -0.6% 11.6% -0.1% 113.8% 0.7%

Recent immigrants28,29 There were 1,355 recent immigrants (immigrated between 2011 and 2016) living in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in 2016 (Figure 25), composing 1.3% of the total population. This proportion of recent immigrants was similar to the other urban areas analyzed.

Figure 25: Recent immigrant (immigrated between 2011 and 2016) population, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 Recent immigrants as Total # of recent a % of total Geography population immigrants population Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 101,990 1,355 1.3% Kamloops Census Agglomeration 100,760 1,145 1.1% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 190,565 2,995 1.6% Prince George Census Agglomeration 85,135 1,170 1.4% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 357,695 7,690 2.1% The recent immigrant population increased at a slower rate (5.4% increase) than the overall population (11.7% increase) in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration between 2006 and 2016 (Figure 26). The recent immigrant population increased by 70 people in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration between 2006 and 2016. The recent immigrant population composed a similar share of the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration population in both 2006 (1.4%) and 2016 (1.3%).

Figure 26: Recent immigrant (immigrated within the past five years) population, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2006 and 2016

28 Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. 2006 data: Statistics Canada. 2006 Community Profiles. Comprehensive Download Files. Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92- 591/index.cfm?Lang=E 29 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Recent immigrants are persons who landed in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

Recent immigrants as Total # of recent a % of total Year population immigrants population 2006 91,295 1,285 1.4% 2016 101,990 1,355 1.3% 2006-2016 (# change) 10,695 70 2006-2016 (% change) 11.7% 5.4% -0.1%

Immigrant source countries30,31 The United Kingdom was the most common immigrant source countries (for immigrants of any period of immigration) in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, with 28.1% of all immigrants coming from the United Kingdom (Figure 27). The next most common immigrant source countries were the USA, Germany, India and China.

Figure 27: Top five most common immigrant source countries (for immigrants of any period of immigration), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2016 Total immigrants from Percentage of all immigrants from Source country source country this source country United Kingdom 4,195 28.1% USA 1,265 8.5% Germany 925 6.2% India 880 5.9% China 840 5.6% Total immigrants 14,915 100.0% Recent immigrant source countries32,33 The Philippines were the most common source country for recent immigrants to the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, with 20.7% of all recent immigrants coming from the Philippines (Figure 28). China was a very close second most common recent immigrant source country (19.6% of all recent immigrants) for the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration. The next three most common recent immigrant source countries were the United Kingdom, India and the USA.

30 Statistics Canada. 2016 Census. Focus on Geography. Nanaimo Census Agglomeration. Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-CMA- Eng.cfm?TOPIC=7&LANG=Eng&GK=CMA&GC=938 31 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. 32 Statistics Canada. 2016 Census. Focus on Geography. Nanaimo Census Agglomeration. Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-CMA- Eng.cfm?TOPIC=7&LANG=Eng&GK=CMA&GC=938 33 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. 39

Figure 28: Top five most common recent immigrant source countries (for immigrants who immigrated between 2011 and 2016), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2016 Percentage of all recent Total recent immigrants from source immigrants from this source Source country country country Philippines 280 20.7% China 265 19.6% United Kingdom 110 8.1% India 105 7.7% USA 95 7.0% Total recent immigrants 1,355 100.0%

Top five languages spoken often at home34,35 The vast majority of Nanaimo Census Agglomeration residents spoke English often at home (either as the only language spoken at home or in combination with other languages spoken at home) (95.9% of Nanaimo Census Agglomeration residents spoke English at home) (Figure 29). The next most commonly spoken languages at home were Mandarin, Punjabi, French and Korean.

Figure 29: Top five most commonly spoken languages at home, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2016 Total people speaking this language Percentage of total population Language often at home speaking this language often at home English 98,930 95.9% Mandarin 870 0.8% Punjabi 540 0.5% French 470 0.5% Korean 275 0.3% Total population 103,135 100.0%

34 Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. 35 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Statistics Canada definition of language spoken most often at home: "Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here. For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016." https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dict/pop186-eng.cfm

Households by household type36,37 The most common household types in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in 2016 were couples without children (31.7% of all households) and one person households (29.6%) (Figure 30). The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had the second highest proportion of lone parent family households among the urban areas (after the Prince George Census Agglomeration) and the second highest proportion of one person households (after the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area).

Figure 30: Total households by household type, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and urban areas, 2016 Kelowna Victoria Nanaimo Kamloops Census Prince George Census Census Census Metropolitan Census Metropolitan Family Type Agglomeration Agglomeration Area Agglomeration Area # % % % % % Census family households 29,260 65.1% 67.7% 67.9% 68.3% 60.9% Couple family households without children 14,265 31.7% 31.6% 33.9% 28.7% 29.5% Couple family households with children 9,645 21.5% 24.3% 23.4% 26.6% 21.4% Lone parent family households 4,625 10.3% 10.0% 8.8% 11.2% 8.5% Multiple family households 710 1.6% 1.7% 1.8% 1.6% 1.5% Non-census family households 15,700 34.9% 32.3% 32.1% 31.7% 39.1% One person household 13,305 29.6% 26.9% 26.6% 26.7% 33.3% Two or more person non-census family households 2,395 5.3% 5.4% 5.5% 5.0% 5.8% Total households 44,960 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

36 Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. 37 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Lone parent family households and couple family households may or may not have additional persons in their household outside of their family (e.g., uncle or aunt staying with family). For more information on families and households, please consult the Statistics Canada. 2016 Census. Families Reference Guide. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/002/98-500-x2016002-eng.cfm Children in census families may be of any age (e.g., adult children, infants etc.).

Population projections38,39 The Nanaimo Regional District is expected to grow to 200,739 people by 2039, or 36,193 more people than 2019 (Figure 31), representing a growth rate of 22.0% during this 20-year period. Both the children and youth (0-19 years old) (30.4% growth rate) and seniors (65+ years old) (35.6% growth rate) populations are projected to grow more quickly than the overall population between 2019 and 2039.

Figure 31: Population projections for total population, children and youth (0-19 years old) and seniors (65+ years old), Nanaimo Regional District, 2019 and 2039 Projected Projected population population change, % Total population, Total population, change, # change, change, 2019- Age group 2019 2039 2019-2039 2039 Children and youth (0-19 years old) 27,345 35,659 8,314 30.4% Seniors (65+ years old) 46,221 62,655 16,434 35.6% Total population 164,546 200,739 36,193 22.0% Children and youth as % of population 16.6% 17.8% N/A N/A Seniors as % of population 28.1% 31.2% N/A N/A

Climate averages40 Nanaimo has a moderate climate with average winter temperatures above freezing (3.6°C average) (Figure 32) and mild to warm summers (17.3°C average). Nanaimo has moderate amounts of precipitation (1,165.4 mm per year), with days

38 BC Stats. Population Projections. Sub-Provincial Population Projections - P.E.O.P.L.E. 2018 (Sept 2018). http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/apps/PopulationProjections.aspx 39 Population projection and estimate numbers are typically bigger than Census numbers for any given year. The differences between Census and population projections are noted in BC Stats. About Population Estimates. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population-community/population/population-estimates/about- population-estimates Population projections were not available for the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, so the Nanaimo Regional District was used. 40 Environment Canada. Canadian Climate Normals, 1981-2010 Station Data. Nanaimo Airport. http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=nanaimo&search Method=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=192&dispBack=0 42 without precipitation (averaging 189.7 days per year) outnumbering days with precipitation (175.6 days per year). Nanaimo has moderate amounts of snowfall (68.7 cm per year, falling 11.0 days per year) and close to 2,000 hours of sunshine per year (1,940.2 hours).

Figure 32: Climate averages, Nanaimo Airport, 1981-2010 Statistic Value Average temperature winter (December - February) 3.6°C Daily minimum temperature winter (December - February) 0.0°C Daily maximum temperature winter (December - February) 7.2°C Average temperature summer (June - August) 17.3°C Daily minimum temperature summer (June - August) 11.6°C Daily maximum temperature summer (June - August) 23.0°C Average annual precipitation (mm) 1,165.4 mm Average annual snowfall (cm) 68.7 cm Average annual hours of sunshine 1,940.2 hours Average annual number of days with precipitation falling 175.6 days Average annual number of days without precipitation falling 189.7 days Average annual number of days with snow falling 11.0 days

Components of population growth41,42 The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration has seen positive population growth every year within the past five years (Figure 33), with especially strong population growth during the past two years: 1,935 people added during 2016/2017 and

41 Source: Statistics Canada. Table 17-10-0136-01. Components of population change by census metropolitan area and census agglomeration, 2016 boundaries. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710013601 42 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product. Net international migration is calculated by the following formula: (immigrants+returning emigrants+net non-permanent residents)-(emigrants+net temporary emigration). Natural growth is based on the following formula: births-deaths. Total population growth is based on the following formula: natural growth+net international migration + net interprovincial migration + net intraprovincial migration. Interprovincial migration is based on migration between the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other parts of Canada (outside of British Columbia). Intraprovincial migration is based on migration between the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other parts of British Columbia. For more information on how the population components are calculated, please visit Statistics Canada. Population and Family Estimation Methods at Statistics Canada, 2015001. http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=3608

1,914 people added during 2017/2018. Population growth in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration relies on migration, as the number of deaths has exceeded the number of births within the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in each of the past five years. For two out of the five past years, net interprovincial migration (between the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and areas of Canada outside of British Columbia) was the main contributor to population growth, while for three out of the five past years, net intraprovincial migration (between the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other areas of British Columbia) was the main contributor to population growth.

Figure 33: Components of population change, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2013/2014 to 2017/2018 Component 2013 / 2014 2014 / 2015 2015 / 2016 2016 / 2017 2017 / 2018 Natural growth -139 -114 -143 -209 -211 Births 921 896 909 928 913 Deaths 1,060 1,010 1,052 1,137 1,124 Net international migration 430 300 215 590 563 Immigration 229 263 326 311 374 Emigration 114 107 180 141 142 Returning emigrants 98 63 75 61 62 Net temporary emigration 33 40 63 47 49 Net non-permanent residents 250 121 57 406 318 Net interprovincial migration 443 799 955 754 521 Net intraprovincial migration 464 327 334 800 1,041 Net population growth 1,198 1,312 1,361 1,935 1,914

Arts and culture

Arts, culture and film jobs43,44 In 2016, there were 1,230 labour force participants working in the arts, culture and film industries in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration (composing 2.4% of all labour force participants in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration) (Figure

43 Sources: 2016 Census data: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016290. Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 (427A), Class of Worker (5A), Labour Force Status (3), Age (13A) and Sex (3) for the Labour Force Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data 2006 Census data: Statistics Canada. Catalogue 97-564-XCB2006006. Industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002 (433A), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (227), for the Population 15 Years and Over of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. 44 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product. Statistics Canada definition of industry: Industry "refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data 44

34). The proportion of the labour force working in the arts, culture and film industries in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in 2016 (2.4% of the labour force) was smaller than in the Kamloops Census Agglomeration (3.4%), the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area (3.1%) and the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area (3.1%), but larger than in the Prince George Census Agglomeration (1.7%). The number of labour force participants in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration working in the arts, culture and film industries decreased by 15 persons between 2006 and 2016 (a -1.2% decrease). The number of labour force participants working in the arts, culture and film industries decreased between 2006 and 2016 in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration (a -1.2% decrease) and the Prince George Census Agglomeration (a -13.7% decrease), in contrast to the Kamloops Census Agglomeration (a 8.0% increase), the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area (a 39.7% increase) and the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area (a 3.8% increase).

Figure 34: Number of persons working in the arts, culture and film industries, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2006 and 2016 2006 2016 2006-2016 Census Census change Percentag Percentag e of labour e of labour Change in Change in Number of force Number of force number of number of labour participan labour participan persons workers force ts that force ts that working in working in Number of participan work in Number of participan work in arts, arts, labour ts in arts, arts, labour ts in arts, arts, culture culture force culture culture force culture culture and film and film Geograph participan and film and film participan and film and film industries industries y ts industries industries ts industries industries (#) (%) Kamloops Census Agglomera tion 51,070 1,695 3.3% 54,375 1,830 3.4% 135 8.0%

are produced according to the NAICS 2012." NAICS 2012 is the North American Industrial Classification System 2012. For more information on industry and labour, please consult the Statistics Canada. 2016. Labour reference guide. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/012/98-500-x2016012-eng.cfm Labour force includes people who are employed (i.e., working or on leave (e.g., due to illness or maternity leave but have a job to go back to)) and who are unemployed (i.e., don't have a job, but are looking for a job). This labour force data is based on place of residence (i.e., where the worker lives). The workers listed here may or may not work in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration (i.e., some may be working in another geographic area primarily). Arts, culture and recreation includes jobs within the Arts, entertainment and recreation sector (sector 71), the motion picture and sound recording industry subsector (subsector 512) and the broadcast television (except internet) subsector (subsector 515) 45

Kelowna Census Metropolit an Area 86,390 2,295 2.7% 103,840 3,205 3.1% 910 39.7% Nanaimo Census Agglomer ation 47,600 1,245 2.6% 52,260 1,230 2.4% -15 -1.2% Prince George Census Agglomera tion 48,165 950 2.0% 48,395 820 1.7% -130 -13.7% Victoria Census Metropolit an Area 182,895 5,885 3.2% 198,460 6,110 3.1% 225 3.8%

Public art installations45,46 In 2018, there were 166 public art projects in the City of Nanaimo’s inventory, an increase of two projects (a 1.2% increase) from 2017, when there were 164 public art projects.

Nanaimo Museum visits47 There were 66,627 visits to the Nanaimo Museum in 2016, 66,790 visits in 2017 and 61,801 visits in 2018. Overall, the number of visits to the Nanaimo Museum decreased by -4,826 visits (a -7.2% decrease) between 2016 and 2018.

45 Source: Email from Chris Barfoot, Culture and Heritage Coordinator, City of Nanaimo 46 Notes: These numbers include temporary projects that change each year. 47 Source: Email from Sophia Maher, Manager, Nanaimo Museum 46

Port Theatre attendance48,49 The number of events at the Port Theatre has oscillated throughout the past five years (2014-2018), with a high of 305 events in 2017 and a low of 269 events in 2015 (Figure 35). Similarly, the number of patrons who attended Port Theatre events has oscillated over the past five years (2014-2018), with a high of 115,425 patrons in 2017 and a low of 106,562 patrons in 2018.

Figure 35: Number of events and patrons who attended events, Port Theatre, 2014-2018 Year Number of events Number of patrons who attended events 2014 275 107,430 2015 269 112,975 2016 284 108,837 2017 305 115,425 2018 281 106,562 Change (#), 2014-2018 6 -868 Change (%), 2014-2018 2.2% -0.8%

Nanaimo Library50,51 In 2018, there were 783,657 items circulated in Nanaimo branches of the Vancouver Island Regional Library, which was a -10,613 item decrease (a -1.3% decrease) from 2017 (Figure 36). The Vancouver Island Regional Library system as a

48 Source: The Port Theatre. Annual Reports. https://www.porttheatre.com/annual-reports 49 Notes: Patron counts may include persons who attended multiple events; these persons may be counted multiple times as patrons. 50 Source: Email from David McCunn, Vancouver Island Regional Library 51 Nanaimo libraries are part of the Vancouver Island Regional Library system. The libraries in this system in the City of Nanaimo are Nanaimo North, Nanaimo Wellington and Nanaimo Harbourfront. The Vancouver Island Regional Library system operates libraries in most of Vancouver Island (except for Greater Victoria and some of the Southern Gulf Islands such as Saltspring Island). The Vancouver Island Regional Library also operates libraries in the Central Coast Regional District and in the Queen Charlotte Islands. For more information on the Vancouver Island Regional Library system, please visit Vancouver Island Regional Library. Our Story. https://virl.bc.ca/about/our-story/ Program attendance includes the number of people who attended programs at the library. As some people may attend more than one program, some people may be counted more than once in attendance. These Nanaimo numbers do not include the eResources 47 whole also had a small decrease (a -0.9% decrease) in the number of items circulated between 2017 and 2018. The Nanaimo North branch had more items circulated (345,795 items) in 2018 than the Nanaimo Wellington (170,100 items) and Nanaimo Harbourfront (199,282 items) branches.

Figure 36: Total items circulated, Nanaimo libraries and Vancouver Island libraries, 2017-2018 Change, 2017- Change, 2017- Branch 2017 2018 2018 (#) 2018 (%) Nanaimo North 376,745 345,795 -30,950 -8.2% Nanaimo Wellington 147,272 170,100 22,828 15.5% Nanaimo Harbourfront 213,803 199,282 -14,521 -6.8% OverDrive eBook & eAudioBook checkouts 56,450 68,480 12,030 21.3% Nanaimo Total 794,270 783,657 -10,613 -1.3% Vancouver Island Regional Library Total 5,044,206 4,997,958 -46,248 -0.9% In 2018, there were 44,049 program attendees for programs in the Nanaimo branches of the Vancouver Island Regional Library, which was a -794 program attendee decrease from 2017 (a -1.8% decrease) (Figure 37). The Vancouver Island Regional Library system as a whole also had a decrease (a -6.4% decrease) in the number of program attendees between 2017 and 2018. The Nanaimo Harbourfront branch had more program attendees (19,842 program attendees) in 2018 than the Nanaimo North (15,780 program attendees) and the Nanaimo Wellington (8,427 program attendees) branches.

Figure 37: Total number of program attendees, Nanaimo libraries and Vancouver Island libraries, 2017-2018 Change, 2017- Change, 2017- Branch 2017 2018 2018 (#) 2018 (%) Nanaimo North 18,618 15,780 -2,838 -15.2% Nanaimo Wellington 8,042 8,427 385 4.8% Nanaimo Harbourfront 18,183 19,842 1,659 9.1% Nanaimo Total 44,843 44,049 -794 -1.8% Vancouver Island Regional Library Total 142,473 133,399 -9,074 -6.4%

Festivals and events52 There are 49 different festivals and events listed in the Tourism Nanaimo brochure for the April 2019-March 2020 period. Although there are festivals and events all year around, the greatest number of events is in the summer months of June, July and August. The festivals and events are varied, including:

• Indigenous events (such as the National Indigenous Persons Day); • Boating races (such as the Marine Festival and World Championship Bathtub Race); • Food and drink related events (such as the Downtown Nanaimo Farmers Market); • Music events (such as Symphony by the Sea); and,

statistics as stats cannot be broken down for branches. The only exception is with OverDrive. The Vancouver Island Regional Library stats also include eResources, Books by Mail etc. 52 Sources: Tourism Nanaimo."Nanaimo Your Guide to the City". 2019 print edition (p.8-9) 48

• Art related events (such as the CULTIVATE: Art Festival on Gabriola Island).

Belonging and leadership

Municipal election voter turnout53,54 In all three of the past municipal elections (2011, 2014 and 2018), the District of Lantzville had a higher percentage of eligible voters cast ballots than the Town of Ladysmith and City of Nanaimo (Figure 38). The municipal election eligible voter turnout rate increased from 30.4% in 2011 to 31.2% in 2018 in the Town of Ladysmith, from 43.7% in 2011 to 51.8% in 2018 in the District of Lantzville and from 28.7% in 2011 to 40.3% in 2018 in the City of Nanaimo.

Figure 38: Number of ballots cast, estimated number of eligible voters, and voter turnout rates, Nanaimo area geographies, 2011, 2014 and 2018 municipal elections 2011 municipal election 2014 municipal election Estimated Estimated Number of number of Voter turnout Number of number of Voter turnout Municipality ballots cast eligible voters rate ballots cast eligible voters rate Town of Ladysmith 1,773 5,834 30.4% 2,684 6,131 43.8% District of Lantzville 1,273 2,910 43.7% 1,412 2,862 49.3% City of Nanaimo 17,222 60,096 28.7% 21,752 64,005 34.0% In the 2011 and 2014 municipal elections, the City of Nanaimo had the second lowest voter turn-out rates out of the five cities compared (Figure 39) before having the second highest voter turnout rate out of any of the cities in the 2018 municipal election. While the City of Nanaimo and the City of Victoria both saw their voter turnout rates rise between 2011 and 2014 and again between 2014 and 2018, the other cities saw their voter turnout rates oscillate up and down during this period.

Figure 39: Voter turnout rates, City of Nanaimo and comparison geographies, 2011, 2014 and 2018 municipal elections 2011 municipal 2014 municipal 2018 municipal election voter voter turnout voter turnout Municipality turnout rate (%) rate (%) rate (%) City of Kamloops 31.9% 34.9% 30.6% City of Kelowna 36.0% 32.5% 32.8% City of Nanaimo 28.7% 34.0% 40.3% City of Prince George 29.1% 37.0% 24.0% City of Victoria 28.2% 39.3% 44.8%

53 Sources: 2018 municipal election data: Civic Info. 2018 Reports and Statistics. % Voter Turnout. https://www.civicinfo.bc.ca/electionreports/voter-turnout.php?year=2018 2014 municipal election data: Civic Info. 2014 Reports and Statistics. % Voter Turnout. https://www.civicinfo.bc.ca/electionreports/voter-turnout.php?year=2014 2011 municipal election data: Civic Info. 2011 Reports and Statistics. % Voter Turnout. https://www.civicinfo.bc.ca/electionreports/voter-turnout.php?year=2011 54 Note: Voter turnout was calculated by Civic Info by dividing the number of ballots cast by the estimated number of eligible voters. 50

Provincial election voter turnout55,56 In every one of the past three provincial elections (2009, 2013 and 2017), the percentage of registered voters who voted in both Nanaimo ridings (Nanaimo and Nanaimo-North Cowichan) was higher than the provincial average (Figure 40). The voter turnout rate in 2017 in Nanaimo (62.3% voter turnout) was higher than in either 2009 (57.1%) or 2013 (58.0%). The voter turnout rate in 2017 in Nanaimo-North Cowichan (63.7% voter turnout) was higher than in either 2009 (61.4%) or 2013 (61.1%).

Figure 40: Number of registered voters who voted, number of registered voters, and percentage of registered voters who voted, Nanaimo ridings and British Columbia, 2009, 2013, and 2017 provincial elections 2009 provincial 2013 provincial 2017 provincial election election election Number Number Number of Percentage of Percentage of Percentage registered Number of registered Number of registered Number of voters of registered voters of registered voters of registered who registered voters who who registered voters who who registered voters who Riding voted voters voted voted voters voted voted voters voted Nanaimo 22,431 39,273 57.1% 23,498 40,545 58.0% 27,525 44,184 62.3% Nanaimo- North Cowichan 23,862 38,832 61.4% 25,076 41,036 61.1% 26,379 41,393 63.7%

British Columbia 1,651,567 2,995,465 55.1% 1,813,912 3,176,455 57.1% 1,986,374 3,246,647 61.2%

55 Sources: For 2017 Provincial Election: Elections BC. 2017 General Election Report. Summary of results by electoral district. P.84-86 https://elections.bc.ca/docs/rpt/2017-General-Election-Report.pdf For 2013 Provincial Election: Elections BC. 2013 General Election Report. Appendix B: Summary of participation. P.191-192. https://elections.bc.ca/docs/rpt/2013-General-Election-Report.pdf For 2009 Provincial Election: Elections BC. 2009 General Election Report. Appendix B: Summary of participation. P.206-207 https://elections.bc.ca/docs/rpt/2009-GE-Ref-Report.pdf 56 Notes: For maps of the electoral area boundaries, please visit Elections BC. Electoral District Explorer. http://maps.gov.bc.ca/ess/hm/bcede/ For the 2009, 2013 and 2017 provincial elections, the Nanaimo area was part of two ridings: Nanaimo and Nanaimo North Cowichan. For the provincial election, voter turnout was calculated by Elections BC by dividing the number of registered voters who voted by the total number of registered voters. 51

Gender of elected officials57 In four out of the five jurisdictions in the Nanaimo area, the number of male elected officials outnumbered the number of female elected officials (Figure 41). Only in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School Board were there more female elected officials (seven female elected officials) than male elected officials (two male elected officials).

Figure 41: Number of male and female elected officials by jurisdiction/municipality, as of July 2019 Percentage of Number of Percentage of Number of elected female elected Total number male elected officials that elected officials that of elected Municipality/jurisdiction officials are male officials are female officials District of Lantzville 4 80.0% 1 20.0% 5 Town of Ladysmith 5 71.4% 2 28.6% 7 City of Nanaimo 6 66.7% 3 33.3% 9 Nanaimo-Ladysmith School Board 2 22.2% 7 77.8% 9 Snuneymuxw First Nation 8 72.7% 3 27.3% 11

57 Sources: District of Lantzville Council: District of Lantzville. Council Members. https://www.lantzville.ca/cms.asp?wpID=465 Town of Ladysmith Council: Town of Ladysmith. Meet the Members of Council. https://www.ladysmith.ca/city-hall/mayor-council/meet-the-council City of Nanaimo Council: City of Nanaimo. Your Government. Contact Mayor and Council. https://www.nanaimo.ca/your-government/city-council/contact-mayor-and-council Nanaimo-Ladysmith School Board: Nanaimo-Ladysmith Public Schools. Board. Trustees. https://www.sd68.bc.ca/board/trustees/ Snuneymuxw First Nation Chief and Council: Snuneymuxw First Nation. Chief and Council. https://www.snuneymuxw.ca/governance/chief-council

Persons (5+ years old) who have moved in the past five years58,59 Based on the 2016 Census, 43,250 Nanaimo Census Agglomeration residents 5+years old had moved to their current residence within the past five years (Figure 42), or 44.5% of all residents 5+ years old. The percentage of persons 5+ years old who moved within the past five years decreased from 49.2% in the 2006 Census in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration to 44.5% in the 2016 Census. The percentage of residents 5+ years old who moved within the past five years decreased between the 2006 Census and 2016 Census for all five of the urban areas compared. Whereas the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had the second lowest rate (out of the five urban areas) of persons 5+ years old who moved within the past five years based on the 2006 Census, the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had the second highest moving rate based on the 2016 Census.

Figure 42: Number of persons 5+ years old who moved to their current residence within the past five years, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban areas, 2006 and 2016 2006 census 2016 census

Total number of Percentage of Total number of persons 5+ years persons 5+ years persons 5+ years old who moved old who moved old who moved within the past Total persons 5+ within the past within the past Total persons 5+ Urban area five years years old five years five years years old Kamloops Census Agglomeration 46,825 87,580 53.5% 40,620 95,740 Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 74,860 153,165 48.9% 83,055 181,960 Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 42,935 87,260 49.2% 43,250 97,125 Prince George Census Agglomeration 44,210 77,910 56.7% 33,180 80,190 Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 165,095 311,060 53.1% 149,745 342,025

58 Sources: 2016 Census: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. 2006 Census: Statistics Canada. 2006 Community Profiles. Comprehensive Download Files. Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/index.cfm?Lang=E 59 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product. Statistics Canada defines mobility status for the 2016 Census as follows: "Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. “Only the 5+ year old population is included in 5-year mobility because the population under 5 years old would not have been alive 5 years ago. 53

Students who feel welcome at school60,61 The percentage of Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District students who reported feeling welcome many times or all of the time at school was similar in both 2014/2015 (69.8% of students) and 2015/2016 (70.1%) (Figure 43). In both years, the percentage of students who felt welcome many times or all of the time at school was highest among grade 3 and 4 students (79.7% of the grade 3 and 4 students felt welcome many times or all of the time at school in 2015/2016) and lowest among grade 10 students (58.1% of the grade 10 students felt welcome many times or all of the time at school in 2015/2016).

Figure 43: Number and percentage of students who reported feeling welcome many times or all of the time at school, by grade, Nanaimo- Ladysmith School District, 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 2014/2015 2015/2016 #of students % of students #of students % of students who reported who reported who reported who reported feeling feeling feeling feeling # of students welcome welcome # of students welcome welcome who answered many times or many times or who answered many times or many times or Grade the survey all of the time all of the time the survey all of the time all of the time Grade 3/4 802 647 80.7% 912 727 79.7% Grade 7 727 513 70.6% 797 566 71.0% Grade 10 682 404 59.2% 683 397 58.1% Grade 12 484 316 65.3% 474 318 67.1% Total 2,695 1,880 69.8% 2,866 2,008 70.1% In 2015/2016, the percentage of Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District students who reported feeling welcome at school many times or all of the time (70.1%) was similar to the Central Okanagan (70.3%) and Kamloops-Thompson (70.6%) School Districts, slightly lower than the Prince George School District (71.4%) and lower than the Greater Victoria School District (75.0%) (Figure 44).

Figure 44: Number and percentage of students who reported feeling welcome at school many times or all of the time, grades 3, 4, 7, 10 and 12 results combined, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2015/2016 #of students who % of students who # of students reported feeling welcome reported feeling who answered many times or all of the welcome many times or School District the survey time all of the time Central Okanagan 4,675 3,286 70.3% Greater Victoria 3,404 2,553 75.0% Kamloops-Thompson 3,480 2,457 70.6% Nanaimo-Ladysmith 2,866 2,008 70.1% Prince George 2,475 1,768 71.4%

60 Source: BC Government. Open Data Catalogue. Student Satisfaction Survey. Consolidated. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/bc-schools-satisfaction-survey-consolidated 61 Notes: Based on students who responded to the student satisfaction survey and answered ‘many times or all of the time' to the question about how often students feel welcome at school. The school districts were matched as closely to the geographies of the main cities within the comparison urban areas as follows: Central Okanagan (similar to Kelowna), Greater Victoria (similar to Victoria), Kamloops/Thompson (similar to Kamloops), Nanaimo-Ladysmith (similar to Nanaimo) and Prince George (similar to Prince George). 54

Number of registered charities62,63 In July 2019, there were 266 registered charities in the Nanaimo area, with most of these charities being located within Nanaimo itself (204 registered charities) (Figure 45).

Figure 45: Number of registered charities, Nanaimo area communities, July 2019 Number of registered Community charities Gabriola Island 23 Ladysmith 28 Lantzville 11 Nanaimo 204 Nanaimo area 266

Percentage of taxfilers making charitable donations64,65 The number of taxfilers making charitable donations in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration increased every year from 2013 (14,520 donors) to 2016 (14,840 donors) before dropping in 2017 (to 14,750 donors) (Figure 46). The percentage of taxfilers making charitable donors decreased every year from 2013 (19.7% of taxfilers were donors) to 2017 (18.2%).

62 Source: CRA (Canada Revenue Agency). List of Charities - Advanced Search: https://apps.cra- arc.gc.ca/ebci/hacc/srch/pub/dsplyAdvncdSrch 63 Note: Communities are based on postal communities (i.e., whether the address of the charity has the name of the community in it) rather than whether the charities are within actual municipal boundaries. 64 Source: Statistics Canada. T1FF. Summary of Charitable Donors. Table: 11-10-0130-01. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110013001 65 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product. Charitable donor is defined as a 55

Figure 46: Percentage of taxfilers who made charitable donations, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2013-2017 Number of Percentage of taxfilers who taxfilers who Number of made charitable made charitable Year taxfilers donations donations 2013 73,670 14,520 19.7% 2014 75,460 14,580 19.3% 2015 77,040 14,690 19.1% 2016 79,480 14,840 18.7% 2017 80,830 14,750 18.2% In 2017, 18.2% of Nanaimo Census Agglomeration taxfilers made a charitable donation, which was lower than any of the five compared urban areas except for the Prince George Census Agglomeration (17.1%) (Figure 47). The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration consistently had the second lowest rate of taxfilers making charitable donations (out of the five urban areas) for every year between 2013 and 2017.

Figure 47: Percentage of taxfilers who made charitable donations, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban areas, 2013-2017 Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of taxfilers who taxfilers who taxfilers who taxfilers who taxfilers who made charitable made charitable made charitable made charitable made charitable Urban area donations - 2013 donations - 2014 donations - 2015 donations - 2016 donations - 2017 Kamloops Census Agglomeration 21.3% 21.2% 20.7% 19.9% 19.1% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 21.1% 20.9% 20.5% 19.5% 19.1% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 19.7% 19.3% 19.1% 18.7% 18.2% Prince George Census Agglomeration 18.7% 18.6% 18.2% 17.8% 17.1% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 25.0% 24.3% 23.9% 23.2% 22.8%

Charitable donation amounts66,67 In 2017, the total amount of charitable donations made by Nanaimo Census Agglomeration taxfilers was $21.43 million, which was $2.74 million more (unadjusted for inflation) in donations than in 2013 (a 14.6% increase) (Figure 48).

Figure 48: Total charitable donations (in millions of $ - unadjusted for inflation), for Nanaimo Census Agglomeration taxfilers, 2013-2017 Total charitable donations (in Year millions of $) tax filer reporting a charitable donation amount on line 340 of the personal income tax form. Tax filers are people who filed a tax return for the reference year and were alive at the end of the year.

66 Source: Statistics Canada. T1FF. Summary of Charitable Donors. Table: 11-10-0130-01. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110013001 67 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product. Charitable donor is defined as a tax filer reporting a charitable donation amount on line 340 of the personal income tax form. Tax filers are people who filed a tax return for the reference year and were alive at the end of the year.

2013 $18.69 2014 $17.94 2015 $20.51 2016 $20.21 2017 $21.43 Total change ($ millions of dollars, 2013-2017) $2.74 % change, 2013-2017 14.6% In 2017, the median annual charitable donation among Nanaimo Census Agglomeration taxfiler donors was $320, which was $20 more (unadjusted for inflation) than in 2013 (Figure 49). The median annual charitable donation by Nanaimo Census Agglomeration taxfiler donors increased more slowly between 2013 and 2017 than in any of the other urban areas compared. The median annual charitable donation by Nanaimo Census Agglomeration taxfiler donors in 2017 was lower than any of the other urban areas compared.

Figure 49: Median annual charitable donations (unadjusted for inflation), for Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban area taxfilers who donated to charity, 2013-2017

Kamloops Kelowna Nanaimo Prince George Victoria Census Census Census Census Census Agglomeration Metropolitan Agglomeration Agglomeration Metropolitan - median Area - median - median - median Area - median annual annual annual annual annual charitable charitable charitable charitable charitable Year donation ($) donation ($) donation ($) donation ($) donation ($) 2013 $300 $400 $300 $330 $400 2014 $300 $400 $310 $330 $410 2015 $300 $420 $310 $340 $430 2016 $300 $440 $300 $330 $440 2017 $330 $450 $320 $360 $440 Total change ($, 2013-2017) $30 $50 $20 $30 $40 % change, 2013-2017 10.0% 12.5% 6.7% 9.1% 10.0%

BC211 service68,69

As per the BC211 annual report 2017/2018: since 1953, "bc211 has been providing quality information and referral services to help people access the community, government, and social services that they need. 2-1-1 is an easy-to- remember, 3-digit phone and text number that provides free, confidential, multilingual access to community, government and social services 24 hours a day by phone, and from 8:00am to 11:00pm through text, 365 days a year. The bc211.ca website has a searchable online directory now covering all of British Columbia. In addition to our 211 service, bc211 also answers four specialty help lines under contract with various B.C. provincial government ministries, which are province wide and available 24/7, 365 days a year:

68 Sources: For information about BC 211 service: BC211. Annual Report 2017-2018. For website analytics: United Way of Central and Northern Vancouver Island. May 2019 bc211.ca. website analytics. by request. 69 Number of unique users using open search and icon searches could not be added together because some of the unique users using open search may also be counted in the icon search category. 57

• VictimLink BC: provides crisis support to victims of family and sexual violence as well as information and referral to victims of crime, including human trafficking. Services are also available in Yukon; • Youth Against Violence Line: provides a safe, confidential, and anonymous way for youth, parents, and counselors to speak with a supportive person to report a crime or violent incident, and get access to services. Services are also available in Yukon; • Alcohol & Drug Information & Referral Service: provides a wide range of information for people with addictions as well as for significant others and service providers; and, • Problem Gambling Help Line: provides information & resources and connects people to free counselling for those who have been negatively affected by gambling and/or gaming.

211 for All British Columbians is one of the key strategic directions set by bc211’s Board of Directors. We are now one large step closer to achieving this goal following the successful September 2017 launch of 211 services for all of Vancouver Island. The United Way Greater Victoria team was instrumental in making this free public access service available to all Islanders as well as anyone located in neighbouring Gulf Island communities. With added financial support from United Way Central & North Vancouver Island, anyone from Victoria to Port Hardy, Tofino to Nanaimo, can simply call or text 2-1-1 to be connected to our skilled information and referral specialists who are available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year to connect callers with the services that they need."

In May 2019, there were 68 unique users searching for information on BC 211 in the Nanaimo Region using icon search (Figure 50), including 55 unique users in Nanaimo, 9 unique users in Ladysmith and 4 unique users on Gabriola Island. There were also 60 unique users in the Nanaimo region using open search in May 2019, including 55 unique users in Nanaimo, 4 unique users on Gabriola Island and 1 unique user in Ladysmith.

Figure 50: Number of unique users searching for information on BC 211, by open search and icon search, Gabriola Island, Ladysmith and Nanaimo, May 2019 Community Number of unique users using icon search Number of unique users using open search Gabriola Island 4 4 Ladysmith 9 1 Nanaimo 55 55 Nanaimo region 68 60

In May 2019, the top search topics by icon type in the Nanaimo Region on BC 211 for icon search were homelessness (searched by 11 unique users), health care (searched by 8 unique users) and housing (searched by 7 unique users) (Figure 51).

Figure 51: Top search topics by icon type, Nanaimo region, May 2019 Topic Number of unique users searching for this item Homelessness 11 Health care 8 Housing 7

Economy

Employment70,71 There were 48,215 employed persons in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in May 2016 (Figure 52), 3,960 more employed persons than in May 2006 (44,255 employed persons). The number of employed persons in the Nanaimo

70 2006 data: Statistics Canada. 2006 Community Profiles. Comprehensive Download Files. Census Areas and Census Agglomerations. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/download- telecharger/comprehensive/comp-csv-tab-dwnld-tlchrgr.cfm?Lang=E#tabs2006 2016 data: Statistics Canada. Download, Census Profile, 2016 Census. Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations, and Census Subdivisions. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/download- telecharger/comp/page_dl-tc.cfm?Lang=E 71 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. 59

Census Agglomeration grew by 8.9% between May 2006 and May 2016, the second fastest increase of the five compared urban areas (only behind the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area).

Figure 52: Total employed persons, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, May 2006 and May 2016

Change in Change in number of number of Total number of Total number of employed employed employed employed persons, May persons, May persons, May persons, May 2006-May 2016 2006 - May 2016 Urban area 2006 2016 (#) (%) Kamloops Census Agglomeration 47,915 50,105 2,190 4.6% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 82,005 96,490 14,485 17.7% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 44,255 48,215 3,960 8.9% Prince George Census Agglomeration 44,490 44,010 -480 -1.1% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 175,055 187,335 12,280 7.0%

Labour force status72,73 The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had a labour force participation rate of 77.6% among the main working age population (25-64 years old) in May 2016 (Figure 53), which was a 0.8 percentage point increase from May 2006

According to Statistics Canada, "Employed person' refers to those who, during the reference period, had a labour force status of "employed". That is, those who, during the reference period: (a) Did any work at all at a job or business, that is, paid work in the context of an employer-employee relationship, or self-employment. This also includes persons who did unpaid family work, which is defined as unpaid work contributing directly to the operation of a farm, business or professional practice owned and operated by a related member of the same household; or (b) Had a job but were not at work due to factors such as their own illness or disability, personal or family responsibilities, vacation or a labour dispute. This category excludes persons not at work because they were on layoff or between casual jobs, and those who did not then have a job (even if they had a job to start at a future date)." The reference week for the 2016 Census for employment was Sunday, May 1, 2016 to Saturday, May 7, 2016. The reference week for the 2006 Census for employment was the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census day (May 16, 2006). For more information on employment, please visit Statistics Canada. Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016. Employed person. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dict/pop028-eng.cfm

72 Sources: 2006 data: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 97-560-XCB2006034. High School Certificate or Equivalent (12), Labour Force Activity (8), Attendance at School (3), Age Groups (10A) and Sex (3) for the Population 15 Years and Over of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Ap- eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=97684&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,9 7154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=741&Temporal=2006&THEME=74&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= 2016 data: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016176. Aboriginal Identity (9), Labour Force Status (8), Income Statistics (17), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3), Age (9), Sex (3) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Ap- eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=111816&PRID=10&PTYPE=10944 5&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=124&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= 73 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence 60

(76.8%). The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration’s main working age labour force participation rate in both May 2006 and May 2016 were below the rates in other urban areas compared.

Figure 53: Labour force participation rate (%) among main working age population (25-64 years old), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, May 2006 and May 2016 Change in labour force participation Labour force Labour force rate (ppt participation participation change), May rate (%), May rate (%), May 2006-May Urban area 2006 2016 2016 Kamloops Census Agglomeration 80.6% 79.7% -0.9 Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 80.4% 80.7% 0.3 Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 76.8% 77.6% 0.8 Prince George Census Agglomeration 82.2% 81.9% -0.3 Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 81.6% 81.3% -0.3

Income sources74,75 In 2017, 62.3% of all income of Nanaimo Census Agglomeration residents came from employment income (Figure 54), which was a lower proportion than all other urban areas. The percentage of total income for Nanaimo Census Agglomeration residents from employment income decreased from 64.0% in 2013 to 62.3% in 2017.

Figure 54: Percentage of total income from employment income, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison geographies, 2013-2017

Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Labour force participation was calculated for the main working age population (25 to 64 years old) instead of the whole 15+ year old population in order to avoid "age-specific effects" on the data that would result from including persons of ages that are primarily students (15 to 24 years old) and persons of ages that are primarily retired (65+ years old). According to Statistics Canada, the labour force includes persons who are employed (have a job, regardless of whether or not they worked during the reference week) and persons who are unemployed (don't have a job, but are actively looking for a job or are on temporary lay-off or had arrangements to start work within four weeks). For more information on labour force, please visit Statistics Canada. Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016. Labour force. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dict/pop056-eng.cfm The reference week for the 2016 Census for labour force status was Sunday, May 1, 2016 to Saturday, May 7, 2016. The reference week for the 2006 Census for labour force status was the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census day (May 16, 2006). 74 Source: Statistics Canada. 11-10-0007-01 (formerly CANSIM 111-0007). Tax filers and dependants with income by source of income. From T1FF (Taxfiler data). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/cv.action?pid=1110000701 75 According to Statistics Canada: "Employment income includes wages and salaries, commissions from employment, training allowances, tips and gratuities, and net self-employment income (business, professional, commission, farming and fishing income)."

Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of total income total income total income total income total income from from from from from employment employment employment employment employment Geography income, 2013 income, 2014 income, 2015 income, 2016 income, 2017 Kamloops Census Agglomeration 70.2% 70.6% 69.5% 68.5% 67.8% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 64.9% 65.2% 64.0% 63.6% 63.0% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 64.0% 64.0% 62.8% 62.5% 62.3% Prince George Census Agglomeration 76.6% 77.1% 75.5% 74.9% 74.0% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 65.1% 65.2% 64.0% 64.1% 63.2%

Industry – top five sectors of employment76,77 The health care and social assistance sector (14.7% of labour force participants) and retail trade sector (14.4%) had a very similar proportion of total labour force participants in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in 2016 and were the top two industry sectors of employment out of the twenty industry sectors (Figure 55). The next three most common

76 2016 data: Statistics Canada. Download, Census Profile, 2016 Census. Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations, and Census Subdivisions. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/download- telecharger/comp/page_dl-tc.cfm?Lang=E 77 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. According to Statistics Canada, Industry is based on the "general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. Data is classified based on North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012." The two digit numbers before each industry are the classification number for that sector. Data is based on 20 main sectors. For more information about the 2012 NAICS, please visit Statistics Canada. North American Industry Classification (NAICS) Canada 2012. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/subjects/standard/naics/2012/index. The labour force population (including employed and unemployed persons, except for persons who haven't worked since before January 2015 or haven't worked ever) is included in this industry analysis.

62 industry sectors of employment were construction (9.1% of labour force participants), accommodation and food services (8.5%) and educational services (6.8%).

Figure 55: Top five industry sectors of employment, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration’s labour force, 2016 Number of labour force Percentage of all labour Industry sector participants force participants All industries 51,105 100.0% 62 Health care and social assistance 7,515 14.7% 44-45 Retail trade 7,380 14.4% 23 Construction 4,645 9.1% 72 Accommodation and food services 4,340 8.5% 61 Educational services 3,470 6.8%

Occupations – top five broad occupational categories of employment78,79 Over one quarter of the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration’s labour force worked in sales and services occupations (27.8% of Nanaimo’s labour force) (Figure 56), which was a far higher proportion of the labour force than any other broad occupational categories among the ten broad occupational categories. Rounding out the top five broad occupational categories were trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations (15.8% of labour force), business,

78 2016 data: Statistics Canada. Download, Census Profile, 2016 Census. Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations, and Census Subdivisions. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/download- telecharger/comp/page_dl-tc.cfm?Lang=E 79 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. The labour force population (including employed and unemployed persons, except for persons who haven't worked since before January 2015 or haven't worked ever) is included in this occupation analysis. Statistics Canada describes occupation as follows: "Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016. " The two digit numbers before each occupation are the classification number for that broad occupational category. Data is based on 10 broad occupational categories. For more information on NOC 2016, please visit Government of Canada. National Occupational Classification 2016. http://noc.esdc.gc.ca/English/noc/welcome.aspx?ver=16

63 finance and administration occupations (13.2%), occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (10.7%) and management occupations (9.9%).

Figure 56: Top five broad occupational categories of employment, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration’s labour force, 2016 Number of labour Percentage of all labour Broad occupational category force participants force participants All occupations 51,105 100.0% 6 Sales and service occupations 14,220 27.8% 7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 8,080 15.8% 1 Business, finance and administration occupations 6,750 13.2% 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 5,455 10.7% 0 Management occupations 5,070 9.9%

Top ten employers in the Nanaimo area80,81 The top ten largest Nanaimo employers (by number of jobs) in 2018 were in a large variety of economic sectors, with the four employers having 1,000 or more jobs: Nanaimo Regional General Hospital (2,206 jobs), School District #68 (1,800 jobs), Woodgrove Center (1,550 jobs) and Vancouver Island University (1,030 jobs) (Figure 57). Three out of these four 1,000+ job employers were government/public sector employers.

Figure 57: Top ten largest Nanaimo area employers, by number of jobs, 2018 Employer name Number of jobs Nanaimo Regional General Hospital 2,206 School District #68 1,800 Woodgrove Center 1,550 Vancouver Island University 1,030 BC Ferries 701 City of Nanaimo 639

80 Source: Nanaimo Economic Development. 2018 City of Nanaimo Community Profile. Section 3.5. Major Employers. https://www.nanaimo.ca/docs/doing-business/economic-development/2018-community-profile-final-pd.pdf 81 This is simply based on the number of jobs, not the number of full-time equivalents, which was not provided for most employers. 457 out of BC Ferries's jobs were full-time equivalents and 244 jobs were casual/seasonal employees 64

Shaw Cable 600 Coastal Community Credit Union 600 Nanaimo Forest Products 340 Costco Wholesale 332

Median full-time, full-year employment income82,83 In 2015, the median before-tax employment income of full-time, full-year workers was $49,024, or $10,538 more than in 2005 (unadjusted for inflation) (Figure 58). This 27.4% increase in income between 2005 and 2015 was lower than the increase during the same period in the Kamloops Census Agglomeration and Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area, similar to the increase in the Prince George Census Agglomeration and the increase in the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area. The 2015 median full-time, full-year before tax employment income in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration was lower than in the compared urban areas.

Figure 58: Median before-tax employment income for persons who worked full-time and full-year, unadjusted for inflation, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2005 and 2015 Change in Change in Income, 2005 Income, 2015 income, 2005- income, 2005- Urban area ($) ($) 2015 ($) 2015 (%) Kamloops Census Agglomeration $42,769 $56,055 $13,286 31.1% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area $38,832 $50,885 $12,053 31.0% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration $38,486 $49,024 $10,538 27.4% Prince George Census Agglomeration $46,238 $58,840 $12,602 27.3% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area $42,817 $54,181 $11,364 26.5%

82 2006 data: Statistics Canada. 2006 Community Profiles. Comprehensive Download Files. Census Areas and Census Agglomerations. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/download- telecharger/comprehensive/comp-csv-tab-dwnld-tlchrgr.cfm?Lang=E#tabs2006 2016 data: Statistics Canada. Download, Census Profile, 2016 Census. Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations, and Census Subdivisions. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/download- telecharger/comp/page_dl-tc.cfm?Lang=E 83 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Statistics Canada defines full-year, full-time workers for 2015 as follows: "Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015." Weeks worked include "includes weeks of paid vacation, weeks on sick leave with pay and weeks in which training was paid for by the employer." For more information, please visit Statistics Canada. Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016. Work activity during the reference year. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dict/pop224-eng.cfm

Family income84,85 In 2017, the median before-tax family income for the families in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration was $80,390 (Figure 59), or $11,000 more than in 2012 (unadjusted for inflation). The median before-tax family income for families in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration increased by 15.9% between 2012 and 2017, which was a smaller increase than was seen in the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area and the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area, but a larger increase than what was seen in the Kamloops Census Agglomeration and the Prince George Census Agglomeration. The median before-tax family income for families in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in 2017 was lower than for the other compared urban areas, especially the Prince George Census Agglomeration and the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area.

Figure 59: Median before-tax family income for families, unadjusted for inflation, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2012 and 2017 Change in Change in Family income, 2012 family income, family income, Urban area ($) Family income, 2017 ($) 2012-2017 ($) 2012-2017 (%) Kamloops Census Agglomeration $79,440 $90,030 $10,590 13.3% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area $73,630 $87,060 $13,430 18.2% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration $69,390 $80,390 $11,000 15.9% Prince George Census Agglomeration $86,060 $95,400 $9,340 10.9% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area $81,580 $95,250 $13,670 16.8%

84 Statistics Canada. Table: 11-10-0017-01 (formerly CANSIM 111-0045). Census families by family type and family composition including before and after-tax median income of the family. From T1FF (Taxfiler data). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110001701 85 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Statistics Canada defines before-tax income as "the sum of the before-tax incomes of all members of the census family". For more information on what is included in total income, please read the entry on total income on Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 72-212-X - T1 Family File, Final Estimates, 2016. Section 3 - Glossary of Terms. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/72-212-x/2018001/sect3- eng.htm. Statistics Canada defines families as follows: " Census families are comprised of: 1) couples (married or common-law, including same-sex couples) living in the same dwelling with or without children, and 2) single parents (male or female) living with one or more children. "

Singles income86,87 In 2017, the median before-tax income for singles in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration was $29,340 (Figure 60), or $3,500 more than in 2012 (unadjusted for inflation). The median before-tax income for singles in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration increased by 13.5% between 2012 and 2017, which was a similar increase to what was seen in the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area and the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area, but a larger increase than what was seen in the Kamloops Census Agglomeration and the Prince George Census Agglomeration. The median before-tax income for singles in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in 2017 was similar to the Kamloops Census Agglomeration, but lower than for the other compared urban areas.

Figure 60: Median before-tax income for singles, unadjusted for inflation, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2012 and 2017 Change in Change in singles singles Singles income, 2012 income, 2012- income, 2012- Urban area ($) Singles income, 2017 ($) 2017 ($) 2017 (%) Kamloops Census Agglomeration $27,720 $29,110 $1,390 5.0% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area $27,310 $31,070 $3,760 13.8% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration $25,840 $29,340 $3,500 13.5% Prince George Census Agglomeration $28,410 $31,570 $3,160 11.1% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area $30,270 $34,170 $3,900 12.9%

86 Statistics Canada. Table: 11-10-0017-01 (formerly CANSIM 111-0045). Census families by family type and family composition including before and after-tax median income of the family. From T1FF (Taxfiler data). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110001701 87 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Statistics Canada defines before-tax income as "the sum of the before-tax incomes of all members of the census family". For more information on what is included in total income, please read the entry on total income on Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 72-212-X - T1 Family File, Final Estimates, 2016. Section 3 - Glossary of Terms. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/72-212-x/2018001/sect3- eng.htm. Statistics Canada uses the term a 'person not in census families' for 'singles'. Statistics Canada defines a 'person not in census families' as follows: "A person not in census families is an individual who is not part of a census family (couple family or lone- parent family). Persons not in census families may live with their married children or with their children who have children of their own. They may be living with a family to whom they are related or unrelated. They may also be living alone or with other non-family persons."

Male and female before-tax median incomes88,89 In 2017, the before-tax median income for males in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration was $41,750 (Figure 61), which was the lowest of any urban area. In 2017, the before-tax median income for females in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration was $30,090, which was the second lowest of any urban area. The before-tax median income for females in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in 2017 was $11,660 less than for males. This was a large gap, even though it was smaller than the male-female income gap that was present in other urban areas.

Figure 61: Male and female before-tax median incomes, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban areas, 2017 Female Male before- before-tax Income gap tax median median (female - male Urban area income ($) income ($) incomes) ($) Kamloops Census Agglomeration $47,870 $30,080 -$17,790 Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area $44,910 $31,070 -$13,840 Nanaimo Census Agglomeration $41,750 $30,090 -$11,660 Prince George Census Agglomeration $51,920 $31,670 -$20,250 Victoria Census Metropolitan Area $47,260 $35,550 -$11,710

88 Source: Statistics Canada. Table: 11-10-0008-01 (formerly CANSIM 111-0008). Tax filers and dependants with income by total income, sex and age. From T1FF (Taxfiler data) https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/cv.action?pid=1110000801 89 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product.. For more information on what is included in total income, please read the entry on total income on Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 72- 212-X - T1 Family File, Final Estimates, 2016. Section 3 - Glossary of Terms. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/72-212-x/2018001/sect3-eng.htm Male and female incomes are based on personal incomes (not household incomes) (i.e., how much the individual earns through various sources). Male and female incomes are calculated for all males and all females who reported income (regardless of whether they are singles or living in families). 68

Building permit values90,91 There were $209.3 million worth of building permits issued in the City of Nanaimo in 2018 (Figure 62). Compared with other cities, the City of Nanaimo had a fairly consistent amount of building permit values issued during the 2014-2018 period, varying from $201.9 million in 2015 to $238.9 million in 2014. Other communities had much larger variations in building permit values issued, especially the City of Kelowna, which varied from $313.2 million in 2014 to $881.1 million in 2018. The City of Nanaimo issued a much smaller dollar volume of building permits in 2018 than the compared cities except for Prince George, especially when compared with the City of Kelowna (even when considering the slightly larger population of the City of Kelowna (BC Stats estimated population of 136,233 in 2018) than the City of Nanaimo (BC Stats estimated population of 97,619 in 2018))92. However, in the earlier years of 2014 and 2015, the City of Nanaimo had the second largest dollar volume of building permits issued of any of the comparison cities.

Figure 62: Building permit values (in millions of $), unadjusted for inflation, City of Nanaimo and other cities, 2014-2018 Building Building Building Building Building permit values permit values permit values permit values permit values (millions of $), (millions of $), (millions of $), (millions of $), (millions of $), City 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 City of Kamloops $187.1 $174.7 $154.8 $216.9 $280.1 City of Kelowna $312.3 $437.9 $537.1 $689.7 $881.1 City of Nanaimo $238.9 $201.9 $216.5 $204.3 $209.3 City of Prince George $125.6 $88.2 $128.4 $111.3 $185.3 City of Victoria $125.3 $196.3 $246.0 $312.8 $348.0

90 Source: BC Stats. Building Permits, Housing Starts & Sales. Total ($) (CSV). https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/economy/building-permits-housing-starts-sales 91 Notes: Building permit values are based on the value of construction (i.e., how much the finished building itself will be worth). 92 Source: BC Stats. Population Estimates. Municipalities, Regional Districts and Development Regions. 2011 to 2018 (XLSX). https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population-community/population/population-estimates

Housing starts93,94 There were 834 housing units started in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in 2018 (Figure 63), a decrease of 157 housing starts from 2017. Between 2017 and 2018, there were large decreases in housing units started for single detached (-110 unit decrease), row housing (-35 unit decrease) and apartments (-42 unit decrease), while there was an increase in the number of semi-detached housing units started (+30 unit increase). The majority of housing units started in both 2017 and 2018 in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration were apartments (477 units started in 2017 and 435 units started in 2018) and single detached homes (425 units started in 2017 and 315 units started in 2018).

Figure 63: Housing units started, by housing type, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2017 and 2018 Semi- Single detached Time period detached housing Row housing Apartment Total 2017 425 32 57 477 991 2018 315 62 22 435 834 Change, 2017-2018 (totals) -110 30 -35 -42 -157 Change, 2017-2018 (percentage) -34.9% 48.4% -159.1% -9.7% -18.8%

93 Source: CMHC (Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation). Housing Market Information Portal. British Columbia - Starts by Dwelling Type (In Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations with at least 50,000 people). https://www03.cmhc- schl.gc.ca/hmip-pimh/#TableMapChart/59/2/British%2BColumbia 94 Note: Use of CMHC data is governed by the CMHC. CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data. https://www.cmhc- schl.gc.ca/en/data-and-research/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of CMHC. This value-added analysis is adapted based on CMHC data. This does not constitute an endorsement by CMHC of this value-added product. Housing starts data is originally from the CMHC. Starts and Completions Survey. For more information, please visit the CMHC. Starts and Completions Survey Methodology. https://www03.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/hmip-pimh/en/TableMapChart/ScsMasMethodology CMHC defines a housing start as follows: "For purposes of the Starts and Completions Survey, a Start is defined as the beginning of construction work on a building, usually when the concrete has been poured for the whole of the footing around the structure, or an equivalent stage where a basement will not be part of the structure." Housing types are defined in the CMHC. Starts and Completions Survey Methodology. https://www03.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/hmip-pimh/en/TableMapChart/ScsMasMethodology

The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration was one of two urban areas with a decrease in the number of housing units started between 2017 and 2018 (the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area was the other one with a decrease) (Figure 64), while the three other urban areas saw increases. The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had fewer housing units started in 2018 than any other urban area except for the Prince George Census Agglomeration, although total unit comparisons with the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area (BC Stats 2018 population estimate: 208,864)95 and the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area (BC Stats 2018 population estimate: 396,509) are challenging because these two urban areas are so much larger population-wise than the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration (BC Stats 2018 population estimate: 112,949).

Figure 64: Overall housing units started, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2017 and 2018 Change in Change in housing unit housing unit starts, 2017- Housing units Housing units starts, 2017- 2018 Urban area started, 2017 started, 2018 2018 (total) (percentage) Kamloops Census Agglomeration 658 1,220 562 85.4% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 3,577 2,555 -1,022 -28.6% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 991 834 -157 -15.8% Prince George Census Agglomeration 272 427 155 57.0% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 3,862 4,273 411 10.6%

Hotel occupancy rate96,97 In 2017, the hotel occupancy rate in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration was 70.3%, an increase from 66.8% in 2016 (Figure 65). The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had the second highest hotel room occupancy rates of the compared urban areas in both 2016 and 2017, behind only the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area.

Figure 65: Hotel room occupancy rate, by urban area, 2016 and 2017 Hotel room occupancy rate, Hotel room occupancy rate, 2017 Urban area 2016 (%) (%) Kamloops Census Agglomeration 56.7% 62.0% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 64.2% 66.0% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 66.8% 70.3%

95 Source: BC Stats. Population Estimates. Census Metropolitan Areas/Census Agglomerations. 2011 to 2018 (XLSX). https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population-community/population/population-estimates 96 Source: For 2016 data: Destination BC. Research Insights. Industry Performance. 2016 Year in Review: Tourism Indicators. https://www.destinationbc.ca/research-insights/type/industry-performance/ For 2017 data: Destination BC. Research Insights. Industry Performance. 2017 Year in Review: Tourism Indicators. https://www.destinationbc.ca/research-insights/type/industry-performance/ 97 Note: Destination BC defines hotel occupancy rate as "the percentage of hotel rooms occupied during a specific time period, omitting rooms not available due to renovations or otherwise unavailable". 71

Prince George Census Agglomeration 64.1% 69.0% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 69.8% 72.0%

Business licences98 In 2018, the City of Nanaimo issued 6,146 business licences, or 83 more business licences (a 1.4% increase in business licences) than in 2017, when they issued 6,063 business licences.

Woodgrove Centre99 Woodgrove Centre has 750,000 sq.ft of retail space, making it Vancouver Island's largest shopping centre. In 2018, there was a total of $313 million of gross sales volume, with $654 in sales per square foot. In 2018, there were approximately 5.7 million visits to Woodgrove Centre.

98 Source: Email from Amrit Manhas, Economic Development Officer, City of Nanaimo. June 4, 2019. 99 Sources: Email from Mark Fenwick, Ivanhoe Cambridge. And Ivanhoe Cambridge. Properties. Woodgrove Centre. Property Fact Sheet https://www.ivanhoecambridge.com/-/media/imported/website/properties/14301/property-fact-sheet/property-fact-sheet.pdf 72

Environment

Water consumption100 As per the Nanaimo Regional District’s 2017 Annual Report, average water consumption has been decreasing:

"Target is to decrease the average residential and commercial water use by 33% between 2004 and 2018. Water is recognized as a vulnerable resource, and it is critical for the health of all ecosystems and human communities. While water supply may seem abundant in the region, long dry summers put pressure on local water resources at the same time water use is at its highest. This indicator is a measure of water conservation and tells us if the amount of water consumed is increasing or decreasing. For the period 2004 to 2017:

• The City of Nanaimo had a 15% decrease in water consumption while population increased in the same period by 16%;

• The District of Lantzville had a 20% decrease in total water consumption; and,

• The RDN (all nine) Water Service Areas had a 31% decrease in total water consumption.

For all three areas combined, the average water consumption decreased by 22% since 2004."

The daily water consumption per capita in the City of Nanaimo decreased from 429 litres in 2017 to 416 litres in 2018.

100 Sources: Nanaimo Regional District. 2017 Annual Report. P.17. https://www.rdn.bc.ca/dms/documents/regional-growth- strategy/annual-reports/2017_annual_report.pdf For 2017 and 2018 data for Nanaimo: City of Nanaimo. 2018 Annual Municipal Report. P.27. https://www.nanaimo.ca/docs/default-document-library/2018annualreport3d34213a1b316d6b9fc9ff00001037d2.pdf

Parks101 As per the Nanaimo Regional District website: “"The RDN is fortunate to have a comprehensive Regional and Community Parks and Trails System. With 12 Regional Parks encompassing 2,072 hectares of land, 78 kilometres of developed Regional Trails, and over 200 Community Parks in the seven Electoral Areas, there is plenty of opportunity for residents and guests to enjoy the benefits of having nature close at hand." The Nanaimo Regional District added 1,611 hectares of parkland between 2005 and 2015 and then added another 11 hectares of parkland between 2015 and 2019 (Figure 66).

Figure 66: Hectares of parkland in regional park system in the Nanaimo Regional District, 2005, 2015 and 2019 Year Hectares of parkland in regional system 2005 450 2015 2,061 2019 2,072 Change, 2005-2015 (#) 1,611 Change, 2005-2015 (%) 358.0% Change, 2015-2019 (#) 11 Change, 2015-2019 (%) 0.5% Between 2015 and 2018, the City of Nanaimo’s park system expanded by 213 hectares (a 24.6% increase) (Figure 67), growing from 866 hectares in 2015 to 1,079 hectares in 2018. As per the City of Nanaimo’s 2018 Annual Municipal Report: “The City of Nanaimo acquires, maintains and develops parkland divided into:

• 13 City destination parks and over 90 neighbourhood parks; • 32 sports fields, including 3 artificial turf fields; • approximately 180 kilometres of trails; • 1,079 hectares of parkland; • 74 playgrounds; and, • 12 dog off leash parks.”

Figure 67: Hectares of parkland in the city park system in Nanaimo in 2015 and 2018 Year Hectares of parkland in city system 2015 866 2018 1,079 Change, 2015-2018 (#) 213 Change, 2015-2018 (%) 24.6%

101 Sources for regional park data: 2019 data: Nanaimo Regional District. Parks website. https://www.rdn.bc.ca/parks-services For 2005 data: Regional District of Nanaimo. Regional Parks & Trail Plan, 2005-2015. P.7. http://www.rdn.bc.ca/cms/wpattachments/wpID766atID822.pdf For 2015 data: From previous Nanaimo Community Foundation Vital Signs 2015 report. Sources for municipal park data: 2018 data: City of Nanaimo. 2018 Annual Municipal Report. P.39. https://www.nanaimo.ca/docs/default-document-library/2018annualreport3d34213a1b316d6b9fc9ff00001037d2.pdf For 2015 data: City of Nanaimo. 2015 Annual Municipal Report. P.18 https://www.nanaimo.ca/docs/your-government/budget-and-finance/2015-annual-municipal-report.pdf

As per the Nanaimo Regional District102: “Parks planning has become more important as local parklands have expanded in recent decades. In addition to directly addressing parks issues, parks plans help provide standards for the RDN, its land management partners, and nearby communities. The requirement for a long-term plan is now commonly part of the acquisition process for large new community and regional parks. Official Community Plans also speak to improving parks planning to help guide community development near parks.

As with other planning initiatives local residents play an important role in parks planning. As every park plan takes shape the RDN provides opportunities for residents and park neighbours to be involved by way of open houses, surveys, or participation in a committee tasked with researching and writing the plan.”

Solid waste generation and diversion103,104 The amount of garbage (+29 kg per household increase and a 20.7% per household increase between 2017 and 2018) and recycling (+7 kg per household and a 5.9% per household increase between 2017 and 2018) generated per household in the City of Nanaimo increased between 2017 and 2018 (Figure 68). The City of Nanaimo has a goal to “divert 75% of residential waste by 2020”: in 2017, 64% of garbage in Nanaimo was diverted from going to the landfill, increasing slightly to 65% in 2018. 2018 was the first year when the City of Nanaimo collected yard waste as part of its solid waste collection program. In 2018, 125 kg per household of organics (kitchen and yard waste) was collected by the City of Nanaimo.

Figure 68: Solid waste generated (kilograms per household) and garbage diversion rate, City of Nanaimo, 2017 and 2018 Change (#), Change (%), Waste category 2017 2018 2017-2018 2017-2018 Garbage (kg per household) 140 169 29 20.7% Recycling (kg per household) 118 125 7 5.9% Organics (kitchen and yard waste) (kg per household) N/A 125 N/A N/A Garbage diversion rate (%) 64% 65% N/A 1%

102 Regional District of Nanaimo. Parks Planning and Management. https://www.rdn.bc.ca/parks-planning-and-management 103 Source: City of Nanaimo. 2018 Annual Municipal Report. P.27. https://www.nanaimo.ca/docs/default-document-library/2018annualreport3d34213a1b316d6b9fc9ff00001037d2.pdf Source for City of Nanaimo goals: City of Nanaimo. City services. Garbage. https://www.nanaimo.ca/city-services/garbage-recycling/garbage 104 Notes: 2017 data for organics was not compared with 2018 data for organics because yard waste was collected as part of organics in 2018, but not in 2017. 75

Environmental clean-ups105 The total number of clean-up days in Nanaimo increased from 10 in 2017 to 12 in 2018 (Figure 69), while the number of clean-up volunteers increased from 137 in 2017 to 140 in 2018. Between 2017 and 2018, a shift occurred in regards to the type of clean-ups, as the number of environmental clean-up volunteers increased by 71, while the number of shoreline clean-up volunteers decreased by 68 volunteers.

Figure 69: Number of clean-up volunteers and days, by event type, Nanaimo, 2017 and 2018 Change (#), Change (%), Event type and indicator 2017 2018 2017-2018 2017-2018 Environmental clean-up days 3 9 6 200.0% Environmental clean-up volunteers 28 99 71 253.6% Shoreline clean-up days 7 3 -4 -57.1% Shoreline clean-up volunteers 109 41 -68 -62.4% Total clean-up days 10 12 2 20.0% Total clean-up volunteers 137 140 3 2.2%

Air Quality Health Index (AQHI)106,107 The mean hourly AQHI in Nanaimo was in the “low health risk range” for every year from 2010-2018, with an average of 1.9, and ranging from 1.8 in many years to 2.0 in 2017 (Figure 70). The maximum AQHI rating averaged 5.9 (“moderate

105 Source: Rob Lawrance, Environmental Planner, City of Nanaimo. 106 Sources: For Nanaimo: Air Quality Health Index - Annual data for Nanaimo: https://nanaimo.weatherstats.ca/charts/health_index-yearly.html Kamloops: https://kamloops.weatherstats.ca/charts/health_index-yearly.html Kelowna: https://kelowna.weatherstats.ca/charts/health_index-yearly.html Prince George: https://princegeorge.weatherstats.ca/charts/health_index-yearly.html Victoria: https://victoria.weatherstats.ca/charts/health_index-yearly.html All AQHI data originally from Environment Canada. 107 According to the BC Provincial Government: "The Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) provides hourly air quality readings and related health messages. The AQHI reports on the health risks posed by a mixture of pollutants, including: particulate matter (PM2.5); ground-level ozone (O3); and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The rating for the AQHI is based on the combination of the health risks from each of the pollutants in the index. "An AQHI of 1-3 is a low health risk, an AQHI of 4-6 is a moderate health risk, an AQHI of 7-10 is a high health risk and an AQHI of 11+ is a very high health risk. For more information, please visit British Columbia Provincial 76 health risk”) during the 2010-2018 period, with higher maximum AQHI ratings in recent years: 7.0 (“high health risk”) in 2017 and 11.0 (“very high health risk”) in 2018.

Figure 70: Air Quality Health Index (AQHI), Hourly Mean and Annual Maximum, Nanaimo, 2018 Year Maximum AQHI Mean hourly AQHI 2010 6.0 1.9 2011 6.6 1.9 2012 5.5 1.9 2013 3.7 1.8 2014 4.0 1.8 2015 5.6 1.8 2016 3.5 1.8 2017 7.0 2.0 2018 11.0 1.9 Average 5.9 1.9 Between 2010 and 2018, the mean hourly AQHI in Nanaimo (1.9) was lower than any of the comparison cities, although all of the cities had mean hourly AQHIs in the “low health risk” range (Figure 71). The maximum AQHI recorded on average during a year in the 2010-2018 period was lower in Nanaimo (5.9, “moderate health risk”) than any of the comparison cities, especially the cities in the Interior (maximum AQHI average was in the “high health risk” category for all of these cities – Kamloops, Kelowna and Prince George).

Figure 71: Air Quality Health Index (AQHI), Hourly Mean and Annual Maximum, Nanaimo and comparison cities, average 2010-2018 City Maximum AQHI Mean hourly AQHI Nanaimo 5.9 1.9 Kamloops 8.5 2.4 Kelowna 9.5 2.1 Prince George 8.3 2.3 Victoria 6.4 2.0

Government. Air Quality Health Index website. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/air-land-water/air/air- quality/aqhi

Temperature and precipitation108,109 The average annual precipitation at the Nanaimo Airport for the 2010-2018 period was 1,130.3 mm, which was slightly lower than the 1981-2010 period (1,165.4 mm) and the 1961-1990 period (1,144.4 mm), although five out of the nine years in the 2010-2018 period were wetter than the 1981-2010 average (Figure 72). The average annual precipitation during the 2010-2018 period was 97.0% of the average annual precipitation during the 1981-2010 period. However, the annual precipitation during the 2010-2018 period varied considerably year over year, with very dry years in 2013 (756.1 mm) and 2015 (984.5 mm) bringing the average annual precipitation down considerably.

The total winter precipitation (January, February, and December) during the 2010-2018 period averaged 461.1 mm, which was slightly lower than the 1981-2010 period (498.2 mm) and 1961-1990 period (493.0 mm). The average winter precipitation during the 2010-2018 period was 92.5% of the average winter precipitation during the 1981-2010 period. Winter precipitation during the 2010-2018 period varied considerably by year, with the 2013 winter (January 2013, February 2013 and December 2013) period (187.1 mm) standing out as particularly dry and the 2018 winter (January 2018, February 2018 and December 2018) (627.1 mm) standing out as particularly wet.

The total summer precipitation (June, July and August) during the 2010-2018 period averaged 61.3 mm, which was much lower than the 1981-2010 period (97.2 mm) and the 1961-1990 period (93.7 mm). In fact, the average summer precipitation during the 2010-2018 period was only 63.1% of the average summer precipitation during the 1981-2010 period. All but one summer (2012- June 2012, July 2012 and August 2012) during the 2010-2018 period was drier than the average 1981-2010 summer, with all summers from 2014-2018 being especially dry.

The average annual temperature at the Nanaimo Airport during the 2010-2018 period was 10.4°C, which was slightly higher than the 1981-2010 period (10.1°C ) and warmer than the 1961-1990 period (9.5°C). Six out of the nine years in the 2010-2018 period were warmer than the average 1981-2010 period year.

The average winter (January, February and December) temperature during the 2010-2018 period was 3.6°C, which was the same as the 1981-2010 period (3.6°C) but warmer than the 1961-1990 period (3.1°C). The average winter temperatures in most winters during the 2010-2018 period were between 3.0°C and 4.0°C, with winter 2010 (5.5°C) and winter 2015 (5.4°C) standing out as warm and 2017 standing out as cold (1.9°C).

108 Source for 2010-2018 data: WeatherStats.Ca Nanaimo. Climate Charts. https://nanaimo.weatherstats.ca/charts/ Data is originally from Environment Canada. 1981-2010 climate data for Nanaimo Airport: Environment Canada. Canadian Climate Normals, 1981-2010 Station Data. Nanaimo Airport. http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=nanaimo&search Method=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=192&dispBack=0 1961-1990 climate data for Nanaimo Airport: Environment Canada. Canadian Climate Normals, 1961-1990 Station Data. Nanaimo Airport. http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1961_1990_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=nanaimo&search Method=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=165&dispBack=0 109 Notes: Mean temperature is based on average temperature, determined using the average between the maximum temperature and minimum temperature recorded during that day. For more information on the calculation of climate data, please visit Environment Canada. Canadian Climate Normals, 1981-2010 Station Data. Nanaimo Airport. http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=nanaimo&search Method=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=192&dispBack=0

The average summer (June, July and August) temperature during the 2010-2018 period was 17.8°C, which was warmer than the 1981-2010 period (17.3°C) and much warmer than the 1961-1990 period (16.7°C). While the first three summers of the 2010-2018 period (2010, 2011 and 2012) were slightly cooler than the 1981-2010 average summer, every summer from 2013-2018 was warmer than the 1981-2010 average summer.

Figure 72: Climate summary, by year, Nanaimo Airport, 2010-2018 and comparison to 1981-2010 average Total winter Average Average (Jan, Feb and Total summer Average winter (Jan, summer (June Dec) (June-August) annual Feb and Dec) - August) Total annual precipitation precipitation temperature temperature temperature Year precipitation (mm) (mm) (mm) (°C ) (°C ) (°C ) 2010 1,224.7 547.6 57.0 10.4 5.5 17.1 2011 1,024.6 317.0 58.6 9.4 3.0 16.7 2012 1,279.1 517.6 110.3 9.9 3.4 17.0 2013 756.1 187.1 92.9 10.2 3.1 17.9 2014 1,156.0 516.0 46.3 10.6 3.1 18.2 2015 984.5 591.6 53.9 11.3 5.4 19.3 2016 1,356.0 494.6 44.0 10.9 3.3 18.0 2017 1,178.1 350.9 34.2 9.9 1.9 18.2 2018 1,231.4 627.1 54.6 10.6 3.8 18.2 Average (2010- 2018) 1,132.3 461.1 61.3 10.4 3.6 17.8 Average (1981- 2010) 1,165.4 498.2 97.2 10.1 3.6 17.3 Average (1961- 1990) 1,144.4 493.0 93.7 9.5 3.1 16.7

Number of water quality complaints110 The number of water quality complaints received by the City of Nanaimo dropped from 44 complaints in 2016 to 25 complaints in 2017 to 7 complaints in 2018.

110 Source: City of Nanaimo. 2018 Annual Municipal Report. P.27. https://www.nanaimo.ca/docs/default-document-library/2018annualreport3d34213a1b316d6b9fc9ff00001037d2.pdf 79

Agricultural Land Reserve111,112 The amount of land in the Nanaimo Regional District in the ALR (Agricultural Land Reserve) has stayed virtually the same for the entire 2015-2018 period, at approximately 18,785 hectares (Figure 73).

Figure 73: Number of hectares in the Agricultural Land Reserve in the Nanaimo Regional District, 2015-2018 Date Amount of ALR (ha) 31-Jul-15 18,785 31-Jul-16 18,785 31-Jul-17 18,786 31-Jul-18 18,785

111 Source: Email from Aimee McGowan, Land Use Planner, Agricultural Land Commission. June 19, 2019. 112 Notes: These are GIS (geographic information system) figures and some of the changes from year to year may be due to mapping amendments related to inclusions/exclusions, mapping errors, underlying cadastre shifts, etc. 80

Gap between rich and poor

Poverty (low-income rates) – overall population113,114 There were 17,860 people in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration living in poverty (based on CFLIM-AT) in 2017, or 910 more people living in poverty (5.4% more people living in poverty) than in 2012 (Figure 74). The number of people living in poverty in the other urban areas all increased more quickly than the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration between 2012 and 2017, except for the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area, where the number of people living in poverty increased by 3.1% between 2012 and 2017. The overall poverty rate in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration was 17.3% in 2017, or a - 0.7 percentage point decrease from 2012 (18.0%). Although the overall poverty rate in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration decreased more quickly between 2012 and 2017 than in other urban areas (except for the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area, which also saw a -0.7 percentage point decrease), the overall poverty rate in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in 2017 was still higher than in the other urban areas, as was the case in 2012.

Figure 74: Percentage of overall population in low income households, based on CFLIM - AT (Census Family Low Income Measure After Tax), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2012 and 2017 Change in number of Percentage persons in Percentage point Number of low of persons change in persons in income, in low low income Urban Area low income 2012-2017 income rates Ppt change, 2012 2017 # % 2012 2017 2012-2017 Kamloops Census Agglomeration 13,950 16,280 2,330 16.7% 14.1% 15.2% 1.1% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 26,870 29,870 3,000 11.2% 15.2% 15.0% -0.2% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 16,950 17,860 910 5.4% 18.0% 17.3% -0.7% Prince George Census Agglomeration 12,130 13,200 1,070 8.8% 14.8% 15.5% 0.7% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 48,370 49,850 1,480 3.1% 14.7% 14.0% -0.7%

113 Source: Statistics Canada. 11-10-0018-01. After-tax low income status of tax filers and dependants based on Census Family Low Income Measure (CFLIM-AT), by family type and family type composition. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110001801 114 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Low income data is based on taxfiler data. For more information, please visit Statistics Canada. Annual Income Estimates for Census Families and Individual (T1 Family File). Technical Reference Guide. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/72-212-X

Poverty (low-income rates) – children and youth (0-17 years old)115,116 There were 4,120 children and youth (0-17 years old) in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration living in poverty (based on CFLIM-AT) in 2017, or 600 fewer children and youth living in poverty (a -12.7% decrease) than in 2012 (Figure 75). The number of children and youth living in poverty in the other urban areas also decreased during this period. The child poverty rate in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration was 22.1% in 2017, or a -4.7 percentage points decrease from 2012 (26.8%). Although the child poverty rate in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration decreased more quickly between 2012 and 2017 than in other urban areas, the child poverty rate in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in 2017 was still higher than in the other urban areas, as was the case in 2012. Child poverty rates were higher than overall poverty rates and senior poverty rates in all of the urban areas in both 2012 and 2017.

Figure 75: Percentage of children and youth (0-17 years old) in low income households, based on CFLIM - AT (Census Family Low Income Measure After Tax), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2012 and 2017 Change in # of Percentage Number of children and point change in children and youth in low % of children child and youth youth in low income, 2012- and youth in low income Urban Area income 2017 low income rates Ppt change, 2012 2017 # % 2012 2017 2012-2017 Kamloops Census Agglomeration 3,700 3,540 -160 -4.3% 19.4% 17.5% -1.9% Kelowna Census Metropolitan - Area 7,060 6,020 -1,040 14.7% 21.5% 17.0% -4.5% Nanaimo Census - Agglomeration 4,720 4,120 -600 12.7% 26.8% 22.1% -4.7% Prince George Census Agglomeration 3,820 3,550 -270 -7.1% 20.9% 19.2% -1.7% Victoria Census Metropolitan - Area 10,370 8,860 -1,510 14.6% 19.0% 15.1% -3.9%

115 Source: Statistics Canada. 11-10-0018-01. After-tax low income status of tax filers and dependants based on Census Family Low Income Measure (CFLIM-AT), by family type and family type composition. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110001801 116 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Low income data is based on taxfiler data. For more information, please visit Statistics Canada. Annual Income Estimates for Census Families and Individual (T1 Family File). Technical Reference Guide. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/72-212-X

Child poverty was not evenly distributed through Nanaimo. The child poverty rates in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration’s 22 census tracts in 2016 with child poverty rate data (based on CFLIM-AT) available varied as follows (Figure 76):

• There were two census tracts with child poverty rates of 40.0% or higher; • There were four census tracts with child poverty rates of 30.0%-39.9%; • There were eight census tracts with child poverty rates of 20.0%-29.9%; • There were seven census tracts with child poverty rates of 10.0%-19.9%; and, • There was one census tract with child poverty rates of 0.0%-9.9%.

The two census tracts with the highest child poverty rates were both First Nations Reserves: the Nanaimo Town 1 First Nations Reserve (census tract 17.01) (60 children and youth living in poverty; 51.6% child poverty rate) and the Nanaimo River First Nations Reserve (census tract 19.01) (50 children and youth living in poverty; 49.0% child poverty rate). The census tracts with the highest child poverty rates were concentrated around Downtown Nanaimo and the southern part of Nanaimo.

The only census tract with less than one in ten children and youth (0-17 years old) living in poverty was located to the southeast of Brannan Lake (census tract 1.02) (20 children and youth living in poverty; 8.9% child poverty rate) just outside of the City of Nanaimo.

The census tracts with the greatest number of children and youth living in poverty varied slightly from the census tracts with the highest child poverty rates. Census tract 14.00 (located in the Old City/VIU neighbourhood) (550 children and youth living in poverty, 38.8% child poverty rate) and census tract 16.00 (located in the Harewood neighbourhood) (510 children and youth living poverty; 31.4% child poverty rate) both had more than 500 children and youth living in poverty. Almost all census tracts (18 out of 22 census tracts) in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had at least 100 children and youth living in poverty.

Figure 76: Percentage of children 0-17 years old in low income families, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration census tracts, based on Census Family Low Income After Tax Measure (CFLIM-AT), 2016117,118

117 Source: Table I-13 After-tax low income status of tax filers and dependents (census family low income measure, CFLIM-AT) for couple and lone parent families by family composition, 2016. https://communitydata.ca/content/i-13-after-tax-low-income-status-tax-filers-and-dependents-census-family-low-income-12 118 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. This map was created using data downloaded from the Community Data Program. Use of Community Data Program data is governed by the Schedule C Data sharing and end use licence agreement. https://communitydata.ca/sites/default/files/ccsd-cdp_schedule-c.pdf This map was originally prepared for First Call BC by SPARC BC in October 2018 for their 2018 Child Poverty Report Card. 84

Poverty (low-income rates) – seniors (65+ years old)119,120 There were 2,670 seniors (65+ years old) in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration living in poverty (based on CFLIM-AT) in 2017, or 1,430 more poor seniors (a 115.3% increase) than in 2012 (Figure 77). The number of seniors living in poverty increased strongly between 2012 and 2017 in all urban areas. The seniors poverty rate in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration was 11.5% in 2017, or a 4.9 percentage points increase from 2012 (6.6%). The seniors poverty rate increased in all urban areas between 2012 and 2017. In 2017, the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had a similar seniors poverty rate to all urban areas. Seniors poverty rates were lower than overall poverty rates and child poverty rates in all urban areas in both 2012 and 2017.

Figure 77: Percentage of seniors (65+ years old) in low income households, based on CFLIM - AT (Census Family Low Income Measure After Tax), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2012 and 2017 Change in number of Percentage Number of seniors in low of seniors Percentage point seniors in income, 2012- in low change in seniors Urban Area low income 2017 income low income rates Ppt change, 2012- 2012 2017 # % 2012 2017 2017 Kamloops Census Agglomeratio n 1,170 2,370 1,200 102.6% 6.9% 11.5% 4.6% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 2,220 4,700 2,480 111.7% 6.3% 11.0% 4.7% Nanaimo Census Agglomeratio n 1,240 2,670 1,430 115.3% 6.6% 11.5% 4.9% Prince George Census Agglomeratio n 780 1,540 760 97.4% 7.6% 12.2% 4.6% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 4,420 8,580 4,160 94.1% 6.8% 10.9% 4.1%

119 Source: Statistics Canada. 11-10-0018-01. After-tax low income status of tax filers and dependants based on Census Family Low Income Measure (CFLIM-AT), by family type and family type composition. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110001801 120 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Low income data is based on taxfiler data. For more information, please visit Statistics Canada. Annual Income Estimates for Census Families and Individual (T1 Family File). Technical Reference Guide. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/72-212-X

Aboriginal (off-reserve only) poverty (low-income) rates121,122 In 2015 (based on 2016 Census data), there were 2,295 Aboriginal (off-reserve) persons in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration living in poverty (based on the LIM-AT) (Figure 78). 31.2% of Aboriginal (off-reserve) persons in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration lived in poverty in 2015, which was much higher than in any of the comparison urban areas.

Figure 78: Percentage of Aboriginal (off-reserve) persons in low income households, based on LIM - AT (Low Income Measure After Tax), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2015 Total number of Aboriginal Percentage of Aboriginal Total number of Aboriginal (off-reserve) persons in low (off-reserve) persons living Urban Area (off-reserve) persons income households in low income households Kamloops Census Agglomeration 9,365 2,220 23.7% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 10,015 2,135 21.3% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 7,360 2,295 31.2% Prince George Census Agglomeration 12,300 2,935 23.9% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 14,535 3,110 21.4%

121 Source: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016173. Aboriginal Identity (9), Individual Low-income Status (6), Low-income Indicators (4), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3), Age (6) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp- eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=111095&PRID=10&PTYPE=10944 5&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=999&Temporal=2016,2017&THEME=119&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= 122 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Aboriginal low-income data is not available from Taxfiler data; therefore, Census data had to be used for the calculation of Aboriginal low-income rates. As the Census low-income data has a different methodology (LIM-AT in the 2016 Census versus CFLIM- AT in the Taxfiler data, as well as a slightly different data source, and slightly different geographical inclusions), the Aboriginal low- income data from the Census is not directly comparable with the overall low-income data from the Taxfiler data. Census low-income data does not include persons living in First Nations Reserves. For more information on the Low-Income Measure After-Tax (LIM-AT), please visit Statistics Canada. 2016 Census Dictionary. Low-Income Measure After-Tax (LIM-AT). https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dict/fam021-eng.cfm 86

Recent immigrant (immigrated between 2011 and May 2016) and non-recent immigrant (immigrated prior to 2011) poverty (low-income rates) 123,124 In 2015 (based on the 2016 Census), there were 495 recent immigrants in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration living in poverty (based on LIM-AT), or 36.5% of recent immigrants, which was a higher poverty rate than in any of the comparison urban areas (Figure 79). In 2015, there were 1,915 non-recent immigrants in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration living in poverty, or 14.1% of non-recent immigrants, which was similar to the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area (14.0%) but was a higher poverty rate than the other urban areas.

Figure 79: Percentage of recent immigrants (immigrated between 2011 and May 2016) and non-recent immigrants (immigrated prior to 2011) in low income households, based on LIM - AT (Low Income Measure After Tax), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2015 Total number Percentage of Total number Percentage of Total of recent recent immigrants Total of non-recent non-recent number of immigrants in living in low number of immigrants in immigrants living recent low income income non-recent low income in low income Urban Area immigrants households households immigrants households households Kamloops Census Agglomeration 1,095 215 19.6% 8,045 960 11.9% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 2,930 655 22.4% 22,330 3,125 14.0% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 1,355 495 36.5% 13,540 1,915 14.1% Prince George Census Agglomeration 1,165 210 18.0% 7,230 740 10.2% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 7,670 1,885 24.6% 57,575 7,405 12.9%

123 Source: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016206. Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Individual Low- income Status (6), Low-income Indicators (4), Age (6) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data. 124 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Immigrant low-income data is not available from Taxfiler data; therefore, Census data had to be used for the calculation of Immigrant low-income rates. As the Census low-income data has a different methodology (LIM-AT in the 2016 Census versus CFLIM- AT in the Taxfiler data, as well as a slightly different data source, and slightly different geographical inclusions), the immigrant low- income data from the Census is not directly comparable with the overall low-income data from the Taxfiler data. For more information on the Low-Income Measure After-Tax (LIM-AT), please visit Statistics Canada. 2016 Census Dictionary. Low-Income Measure After-Tax (LIM-AT). https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dict/fam021-eng.cfm Recent immigrants include persons who immigrated to Canada between 2011 and May 2016 (Census month). Non-recent immigrants include persons who immigrated to Canada prior to 2011. For more information on year of immigration, please visit Statistics Canada. 2016 Census Dictionary. Year of Immigration. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census- recensement/2016/ref/dict/pop133-eng.cfm

Income inequality – percentage of population with incomes in the bottom 10% or top 10% of income distributions125,126 One method for measuring income inequality is determining the percentage of the population with incomes in either the bottom 10% or top 10% of all persons in Canada. High percentages of the population with incomes in the top 10% and bottom 10% of Canadian incomes indicate a relatively high rate of income inequality in a geographic area. 19.9% of the population in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration was in either the bottom 10% or top 10% of Canada’s income distribution (Figure 80), resulting in similar levels of income inequality to the other urban areas except for the Victoria Census Metropolitan area (which had a higher rate of income inequality with 21.3% of the population in either bottom 10% or top 10%).

The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had a higher proportion of its population (12.8%) in the bottom 10% of Canadian incomes than the other urban areas and a lower proportion of its population (7.1%) in the top 10% of Canadian incomes than the other urban areas.

125 Source: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/download-telecharger/comp/page_dl-tc.cfm?Lang=E 126 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Incomes are based on economic family income decile groups as defined by Statistics Canada: “Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households. Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups. For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.”

Figure 80: Residents in top or bottom 10% income distribution (based on Canada-wide family after-tax income distributions), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2015 Total Percentage Total Percentage Total number of of persons number of of persons number of Percentage persons in in bottom persons in in bottom persons in of persons bottom 10% 10% or top Total bottom 10% 10% of top 10% of in top 10% or top 10% 10% of number of of income income income of income of income income Urban Area persons distribution distribution distribution distribution distribution distribution Kamloops Census Agglomeration 100,755 10,095 10.0% 9,535 9.5% 19,630 19.5% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 190,565 18,405 9.7% 19,155 10.1% 37,560 19.7% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 101,990 13,065 12.8% 7,225 7.1% 20,290 19.9% Prince George Census Agglomeration 85,135 8,245 9.7% 8,480 10.0% 16,725 19.6% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 357,640 38,565 10.8% 37,460 10.5% 76,025 21.3%

Unemployment rate127,128 In May 2016, the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had an unemployment rate of 7.7% (Figure 81), which was lower than the Prince George Census Agglomeration (9.1%), similar to the Kamloops Census Agglomeration (7.9%) and higher than the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area (7.1%) and the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area (5.6%). The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration’s unemployment rate increased by 0.7 percentage points between May 2006 and May 2016 (from 7.0% in May 2006), which was a smaller increase in the unemployment rate than the other urban areas.

Figure 81: Unemployment rate, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, May 2006 and May 2016 Percentage point change, Unemployment Unemployment unemployment rate (%), May rate (%), May rate, May 2006- Urban Area 2006 2016 May 2016 Kamloops Census Agglomeration 6.2% 7.9% 1.7% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 5.1% 7.1% 2.0% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 7.0% 7.7% 0.7% Prince George Census Agglomeration 7.6% 9.1% 1.5% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 4.3% 5.6% 1.3%

127 Source: 2016 data: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/download-telecharger/comp/page_dl-tc.cfm?Lang=E 2006 data: Statistics Canada. 2006 Community Profiles. Comprehensive Download Files. Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/index.cfm?Lang=E 128 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Unemployment rate is defined by Statistics Canada as follows: "Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016. The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group." (For the 2006 Census, the unemployment rate is calculated for the reference week - Sunday to Saturday prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006)). Unemployed in the 2016 Census is defined by Statistics Canada as follows: "Refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either: (a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or (b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or (c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less." For more information please visit Statistics Canada. 2016 Census. Dictionary. Unemployment Rate. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dict/pop125-eng.cfm

Income assistance129,130 In 2018, there were 7,092 people on average (based on monthly averages) receiving income assistance in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, composing 6.3% of the population (Figure 82). Although the number of people receiving income assistance in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration has climbed steadily since 2015 (when there were 6,549 people on average receiving income assistance), the percentage of the population receiving income assistance has been fairly steady (always varying between 6.2% and 6.3% during the 2014-2018 period).

Figure 82: Percentage of population receiving income assistance, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2014 to 2018 (monthly average) Monthly average number of Percentage of the population persons receiving income receiving income assistance Year Population assistance (monthly average) 2014 104,264 6,595 6.3% 2015 106,373 6,549 6.2% 2016 109,598 6,831 6.2% 2017 111,189 6,913 6.2% 2018 112,949 7,092 6.3%

129 Sources: For income assistance data: BC Provincial Government. Data Catalogue. BC Employment and Assistance by Census Metropolitan Area. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/bc-employment-and-assistance-by-census-metropolitan-area For population data by census metropolitan area/census agglomeration: BC Provincial Government. Population Estimates. Census Metropolitan Areas/Census Agglomerations. 2011 to 2018 XLS. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population-community/population/population-estimates 130 Note: Cases are based on monthly averages and are for all types of income assistance (disability assistance, regular income assistance etc.). 91

The number of people (based on monthly averages) receiving income assistance in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration increased by 496 people between 2014 and 2018 (Figure 83). The number of people receiving income assistance also increased in the other urban areas between 2014 and 2018. However, the percentage of the population receiving income assistance did not change between 2014 and 2018 in the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area, the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area, while seeing small increases in the Kamloops Census Agglomeration (0.7 percentage point increase) and the Prince George Census Agglomeration (1.0 percentage point increase) between 2014 and 2018. In 2014, the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had a higher percentage of its population on income assistance (6.3%) than the other urban areas. In 2018, the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had a similar percentage of its population on income assistance as the Prince George Census Agglomeration, but a higher percentage than the other urban areas.

Figure 83: Percentage of population receiving income assistance, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2014 and 2018 (monthly average) Kelowna Victoria Kamloops Census Nanaimo Prince George Census Census Metropolitan Census Census Metropolitan Year Statistic Agglomeration Area Agglomeration Agglomeration Area 2014 Population 105,131 193,042 104,264 90,144 369,649 Monthly average number of persons receiving 2014 income assistance 4,931 7,424 6,595 4,898 13,173 Percentage of the population receiving income assistance 2014 (monthly average) 4.7% 3.8% 6.3% 5.4% 3.6% 2018 Population 111,646 208,864 112,949 91,969 396,509 Monthly average number of persons receiving 2018 income assistance 6,026 7,995 7,092 5,880 14,241 Percentage of the population receiving income assistance 2018 (monthly average) 5.4% 3.8% 6.3% 6.4% 3.6% Change in monthly average number of 2014- persons receiving 2018 income assistance 1,094 571 496 983 1,067

Percentage point change in percentage of population 2014- receiving income 2018 assistance 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 0.0% The monthly income and shelter allowance provided to income assistance and disability assistance recipients as of April 2019 vary as follows131,132:

• For income assistance general support rates: $385.00/month for employable singles (1 person household) under 65 years old to $1,243.06/month for couples and two parent families where both adults are aged 65 years or older; • For disability assistance general support rates: $808.42/month for a single person on disability assistance to $1,597.06/month for a couple or two parent family with three or more people in the family where both adults are persons with disabilities; and, • For shelter allowance rates: $375.00/month for a 1 person household to $820.00/month for a 7 person household.

Getting around and transportation

Walkscore™,133,134 The City of Nanaimo had an average Walkscore of 45 as of June 2019, which put it in the car-dependent city category (Figure 84). Nanaimo’s Walkscore was slightly higher than the Cities of Kamloops (38), Kelowna (42) and Prince George (37) (all car dependent), but much lower than the City of Victoria (78) (very walkable).

131 Source: For income assistance rates: BC Provincial Government. Income Assistance Rate Table. April 1, 2019. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/policies-for-government/bcea-policy-and-procedure-manual/bc-employment- and-assistance-rate-tables/income-assistance-rate-table For disability income assistance rates: BC Provincial Government. Disability Assistance Rate Table. April 1, 2019. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/policies-for-government/bcea-policy-and-procedure-manual/bc-employment- and-assistance-rate-tables/disability-assistance-rate-table 132 Persons on income assistance and disability assistance are also eligible for other supplements and programs. For more information, please visit BC Provincial Government. BC Employment & Assistance Policy & Procedure Manual. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/policies-for-government/bcea-policy-and-procedure-manual 133 Sources: Walkscore maps for Nanaimo: Walkscore.Com. Nanaimo. https://www.walkscore.com/CA-BC/Nanaimo Walkscores for all municipalities in BC: WalkScore. BC Cities. https://www.walkscore.com/CA-BC Nanaimo neighbourhood descriptions are based on Nanaimo. Social Geography.Neighbourhood Mapping. https://www.nanaimo.ca/culture-environment/community-and-social-service-programs/social-geography 134 Notes: Walk Score 90-100: Walker's Paradise. Daily errands do not require a car. Walk Score 70-89: Very Walkable. Most errands can be accomplished on foot. Walk Score 50-69: Somewhat Walkable. Some amenities within walking distance. Walk Score 25-49: Car-dependent. A few amenities within walking distance. Walk Score 0-24: Very car-dependent. Almost all errands require a car. “Walk Score measures the walkability of any address using a patented system. For each address, Walk Score analyzes hundreds of walking routes to nearby amenities. Points are awarded based on the distance to amenities in each category. Amenities within a 5 minute walk (.25 miles) are given maximum points. A decay function is used to give points to more distant amenities, with no points given after a 30 Walk Score also measures pedestrian friendliness by analyzing population density and road metrics such as block length and intersection density. To rank cities and neighborhoods, we calculate the Walk Score of approximately every city block (technically a grid of latitude and longitude points spaced roughly 500 feet apart). Each point is weighted by population density so 93

Figure 84: Walkscore, City of Nanaimo and comparison cities, June 2019 City Score Category City of Kamloops 38 Car-dependent City of Kelowna 42 Car-dependent City of Nanaimo 45 Car-dependent City of Prince George 37 Car-dependent City of Victoria 78 Very walkable

Walkability, as measured by Walkscore, varied considerably by area in Nanaimo (Figure 85 and Figure 86). The City Centre (Downtown) neighbourhood, the area near the intersection of Island Highway and Bowen Road (near where the Long Lake and Departure Bay neighbourhoods intersect) and the Dover Bay neighbourhood (around Woodgrove Town Centre) are rated as having high Walkscores. On the other hand, the North Slope, Hammond Bay, Westwood and Chase River/Duke Point/South End neighbourhoods have very low Walkscores.

Figure 85: Central and north Nanaimo Walkscore map, June 2019

that the rankings reflect where people live and so that neighborhoods and cities do not have lower scores because of parks, bodies of water, etc. .” For more information on walk score methodology, please visit WalkScore. Methodology https://www.walkscore.com/methodology.shtml Walkscore does not take into account topography (hills etc.), climate (extreme temperatures, precipitation) and pleasantness of walk (e.g., busy roads). Source: Everydaytourist.ca. May 28, 2015. "Walkscore vs lifestyle score". http://everydaytourist.ca/2015/2015/5/28/walk-score-vs-lifestyle-score Walkscore does not account for sidewalk connectivity and width. Source: Reliance-Foundry. Blog. Walk Score and Walkable Cities. January 16, 2018. https://www.reliance-foundry.com/blog/walk-score-and-walkable-cities#gref These limitations have also been confirmed by other users and articles on Walkscore.

Figure 86: South and central Nanaimo Walkscore map, June 2019

Households close to services135,136 In 2017, there were 36,411 households within 400 metres of a bus stop in the City of Nanaimo, 18,930 households within 400 metres of schools, 10,714 households within 400 metres of shopping centres and 6,671 households within 400 metres of employment lands (Figure 87). Proximity to services was measured for Lantzville in both 2015 and 2017: the number of households within 400 metres of a bus stop in Lantzville decreased from 1,064 households in 2015 to 1,021 households in 2017, while the number of households within 400 metres of schools in Lantzville was similar in both years (191 households in 2015 and 192 households in 2017). In 2017, there were 1,201 households in Lantzville within 400 metres of employment lands and 0 households within 400 metres of shopping centres.

Figure 87: Number of households within 400 metres of services, Nanaimo and Lantzville, 2015 and 2017

Within 400 m of bus Within 400 m of Within 400 m of With 400 m of City and year stop schools employment lands shopping centre Nanaimo - 2017 36,411 18,930 6,671 10,714 Lantzville - 2015 1,064 191 Not measured Not measured Lantzville - 2017 1,021 192 1,201 0

Number of transit rides137,138 In 2017/2018, there were 3,093,311 transit rides taken in the Nanaimo Regional District, or 19.8 transit rides per capita (Figure 88). This was 478,890 more transit rides taken (18.3% increase) than in 2011/2012.

135 Source: Nanaimo Regional District. 2017 Annual Report. Implementation and Progress. P.20. https://www.rdn.bc.ca/dms/documents/regional-growth-strategy/annual-reports/2017_annual_report.pdf 136 Notes: Data was not available for earlier years for this indicator for the City of Nanaimo, but were available for 2015 for Lantzville. The indicator uses information on the number of residences located within 400 metres of places of employment (commercially zoned lands), major facilities. For more information on how this indicator was measured, please visit Nanaimo Regional District. Current Indicator Monitoring. Regional Growth Strategy. Households within 400 metres https://www.rdn.bc.ca/dms/documents/regional-growth-strategy/households_within_400m.pdf 137 Source: Nanaimo Regional District. 2017 Annual Report. Implementation and Progress. P.20. https://www.rdn.bc.ca/dms/documents/regional-growth-strategy/annual-reports/2017_annual_report.pdf 138 Notes: This indicator includes total transit rides on RDN buses annually. The indicator also includes the total rides for Gabriola Island’s Community Bus Service GERTIE (Gabriola’s Environmentally Responsible Trans-Island Express). The population in the RDN increased from 146,574 in 2011 to 155,698 in 2016 according to Statistics Canada. The 2016 census of population is used to report transit rides per capita for the years 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18, whereas the 2011 population was used for all previous reporting years. Year is based on annual operational year from April 1st to March 31st. For more information on methodology, please visit Nanaimo Regional District. Regional Growth Strategy. Per Capita Transit Use. 96

Figure 88: Transit riders - total and per capita, Nanaimo Regional District, 2011/2012 (April 2011-March 2012) - 2017/2018 (April 2017-March 2018) Year Transit rides Transit rides per capita 2011/2012 2,614,421 17.8 2012/2013 2,593,016 17.7 2013/2014 2,739,904 18.7 2014/2015 2,725,378 18.6 2015/2016 2,737,848 17.5 2016/2017 2,830,691 18.2 2017/2018 3,093,311 19.8 Change (#), 2011/2012-2017/2018 478,890 2.0 Change (%), 2011/2012-2017/2018 18.3%

Number of vehicles139,140 In 2017, there were approximately 57,000 passenger vehicle insurance policies in force in Nanaimo (Figure 89), representing approximately 7,000 more passenger vehicle insurance policies than in 2013 (approximately 14.0% increase). In 2017, there were approximately 2,200 passenger vehicle insurance policies in force in Lantzville, representing approximately 100 more passenger vehicle insurance policies than in 2013 (approximately 4.8% increase). In 2017, there were approximately 20,000 commercial vehicle insurance policies in force in Nanaimo, representing approximately 2,000 more commercial vehicle insurance policies than in 2013 (approximately 11.1% increase). In 2017,

https://www.rdn.bc.ca/dms/documents/regional-growth-strategy/per_capita_transit_use.pdf

139 Source: ICBC (Insurance Corporation of British Columbia). Vehicle insurance policies in force. https://www.icbc.com/about-icbc/newsroom/Documents/vehicle-insurance-policies-in-force.pdf For population data by cities: BC Provincial Government. Population Estimates. Municipalities, Regional Districts and Development Regions. 2011 to 2018 (XLSX). https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population-community/population/population-estimates 140 Notes: Communities are based on "postal communities" (i.e., name of city in mailing address), not municipal boundaries. Therefore, they cannot be compared readily to population. Counts of over 100 have been rounded to the nearest hundred. Use of ICBC data is governed by the ICBC. Open Data Licence. All analysis, inferences, opinions, and conclusions drawn in this Vital Sign report are those of the report authors, and do not reflect the opinions, position or policies of ICBC. For more information, please visit the ICBC. Open Data Licence. Website. https://www.icbc.com/about-icbc/newsroom/Pages/open-data-licence.aspx Commercial vehicles are vehicles that used mostly or almost entirely for business purposes (e.g., delivery vehicles, semi-trailers, etc.). For more information about commercial vehicles, please visit ICBC. Commercial Insurance. https://www.icbc.com/autoplan/commercial/Pages/default.aspx

97 there were approximately 1,100 commercial vehicle insurance policies in force in Lantzville, representing approximately 100 more commercial vehicle insurance policies than in 2013 (approximately 10.0% increase).

Figure 89: Number of vehicle insurance policies in force, commercial vehicles and passenger vehicles, Nanaimo and Lantzville, 2013-2017 Nanaimo - Lantzville- Nanaimo - Year Lantzville - passenger passenger commercial commercial 2013 2,100 50,000 1,000 18,000 2014 2,200 52,000 1,000 19,000 2015 2,200 54,000 1,000 19,000 2016 2,300 56,000 1,100 20,000 2017 2,200 57,000 1,100 20,000 Change (#), 2013-2017 100 7,000 100 2,000 Change (%), 2013-2017 4.8% 14.0% 10.0% 11.1%

The number of passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles in Nanaimo City per resident increased slightly from 0.78 in 2013 to 0.80 in 2017 (Figure 90), which also occurred in the comparison cities. In 2017, the number of passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles in Nanaimo City per resident was higher than in the comparison cities.

Figure 90: Number of vehicle insurance policies in force per capita, passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and urban areas, 2013 and 2017 2013 2017 Number of Number of passenger Number of passenger passenger vehicles and vehicles and Number of vehicles per commercial Number of Geography commercial vehicles residents person vehicles residents Kamloops City 66,000 89,551 0.74 72,000 95,593 Kelowna City 88,000 122,582 0.72 99,000 133,644 Nanaimo City 68,000 87,696 0.78 77,000 96,060 Prince George City 51,000 76,608 0.67 58,000 77,936 Victoria City 51,300 84,892 0.60 58,300 91,054

Sustainable commuting modes141,142 In 2016, there were 4,955 commuters using a sustainable mode (public transit, walking or bicycling) to get to work in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration (Figure 91), which represented 375 more sustainable mode commuters than in 2016. The largest number of sustainable mode commuters in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration in 2016 was walkers (2,625 commuters walked or 6.0% of all commuters). The number of walking commuters (-10 commuter decrease, -0.4% decrease) in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration was similar in both 2006 and 2016, while there was a decrease in the number of bicycling commuters (-80 commuter decrease, - 11.0% decrease). There was a strong increase in the number of public transit commuters between 2006 and 2016 (465 commuter increase, 38.3% increase), resulting in their share of all commuters increasing from 3.0% of commuters in 2006 to 3.8% of all commuters in 2016.

Figure 91: Mode of commuting for Nanaimo Census Agglomeration workers who work outside of their home, May 2006 and May 2016 2006 2016 Change, 2006-2016 Mode # % # % # % Public transit 1,215 3.0% 1,680 3.8% 465 38.3% Walking 2,635 6.5% 2,625 6.0% -10 -0.4% Bicycling 730 1.8% 650 1.5% -80 -11.0% Sustainable mode total 4,580 11.3% 4,955 11.2% 375 8.2%

141 Sources: 2016 data: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/download-telecharger/comp/page_dl-tc.cfm?Lang=E 2006 data: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 97-561-XCB2006012. Mode of Transportation (9), Age Groups (9) and Sex (3) for the Employed Labour Force 15 Years and Over Having a Usual Place of Work or No Fixed Workplace Address of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp- eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=90657&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,9 7154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=763&Temporal=2006&THEME=76&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= 142 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. For 2016, data reported for: "Population aged 15 years and over, in private households, who worked at some time since January 1, 2015. Persons who indicated that they either had no fixed workplace address, or specified a usual workplace address, were asked to identify the mode of transportation they usually used to commute from home to work. The variable usually relates to the individual's job held during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2015, the information relates to the job held the longest during that period. Persons who used more than one mode of commuting were asked to identify the single mode they used for most of the travel distance. As a result, the question provides data on the main mode of commuting. The question does not measure multiple modes of transportation, nor does it measure the seasonal variation in mode of commuting or trips made for purposes other than the commute from home to work." For more information on commuting mode, please read Statistics Canada. 2016 Census Dictionary. Main mode of commuting. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dict/pop177-eng.cfm Sustainable transportation mode users include walkers, bicyclists, and public transit users.

Other 665 1.6% 1,060 2.4% 395 59.4% Driving (as a driver or a passenger) 35,160 87.0% 38,065 86.3% 2,905 8.3% Total 40,410 100.0% 44,085 100.0% 3,675 9.1% In 2016, the percentage of commuters who used a sustainable mode to get to work in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration (11.2% of all commuters) was similar to the Kamloops Census Agglomeration (10.7%) and the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area (11.1%), higher than the Prince George Census Agglomeration (7.9%), and much lower than the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area (27.8%) (Figure 92). The percentage of all commuters that were sustainable mode commuters was similar in both 2006 and 2016 in the Kamloops Census Agglomeration (0.1 percentage point increase) and the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration (-0.1 percentage point decrease), while the share increased strongly in the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area (1.7 percentage point increase) and the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area (1.5 percentage point increase) and decreased slightly in the Prince George Census Agglomeration (-0.5 percentage point decrease).

Figure 92: Percentage of commuters using a sustainable mode (public transit, walking, and bicycling), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban area workers, May 2006 and May 2016 2006 2016 Change, 2006-2016 # of # of sustainable sustainable mode % of all mode % of all Urban area commuters commuters commuters commuters # Kamloops Census Agglomeration 4,725 10.6% 5,055 10.7% 330 Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 6,845 9.4% 9,675 11.1% 2,830 Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 4,580 11.3% 4,955 11.2% 375 Prince George Census Agglomeration 3,560 8.5% 3,325 7.9% -235 Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 41,670 26.3% 47,495 27.8% 5,825

100

Ferry traffic143 In 2017/2018, there were 5,142,388 ferry passengers who travelled to/from Nanaimo to/from Vancouver (Figure 93), which represented a 457,037 passenger increase (9.8% increase) from 2012/2013. In 2017/2018, there were 1,995,513 vehicles that travelled to/from Nanaimo to/from Vancouver, which represented a 232,401 vehicle increase (13.2% increase) from 2012/2013.

Figure 93: Number of BC ferry passengers and vehicles from Nanaimo to/and from Vancouver, 2012/2013-2017/2018 (fiscal years - April 1st to March 31st) Number of Year passengers Number of vehicles 2012/2013 4,685,351 1,763,112 2013/2014 4,672,955 1,758,242 2014/2015 4,679,726 1,766,511 2015/2016 4,891,359 1,859,650 2016/2017 4,968,272 1,916,237 2017/2018 5,142,388 1,995,513 Change (#), 2012/2013 to 2017/2018 457,037 232,401 Change (%), 2012/2013 to 2017/2018 9.8% 13.2%

Airport144 In 2018, there were 435,349 passengers at the Nanaimo Airport (Figure 94), which represented a 210,098 passenger increase from 2013 (93.3% increase).

Figure 94: Number of passengers at Nanaimo Airport, 2013-2018 Number of Year passengers 2013 225,251 2014 270,426 2015 312,117 2016 340,861 2017 358,184 2018 435,349 Change (#), 2013 to 2018 210,098 Change (%), 2013 to 2018 93.3%

143 Source: Originally from BC Ferries. Obtained from Amrit Manhas, Economic Development Officer, City of Nanaimo 144 Source: Originally from Nanaimo Airport. Obtained from Amrit Manhas, Economic Development Officer, City of Nanaimo 101

Seaplane/Helijet145 In 2017, there were 184,111 seaplane/helijet passengers in Nanaimo (Figure 95), which represented a 30,944 passenger increase from 2013 (20.2% increase).

Figure 95: Number of passengers on seaplane/helijet, Nanaimo, 2013-2017 Year Number of passengers 2013 153,167 2014 148,831 2015 159,264 2016 168,350 2017 184,111 Change (#), 2013-2017 30,944 Change (#), 2013-2017 20.2%

Bike to Work and School Week146,147 There were 869 riders for Bike to Work/School Week (May 27, 2019- June 2, 2019) in 2019 (Figure 96), with most of the riders being part of the Bike to School program. There were 290 teams for Bike to Work/School week, with most of the teams being part of the Bike to Work program. There were 3,886 bike trips for Bike to Work/School week, with most the trips being part of the Bike to Work program.

Figure 96: Bike to Work and Bike to School Week statistics, Nanaimo, 2019 Statistic Bike to Work Week Bike to School Week Total Bike Week statistics Number of riders 602 1,364 1,966 Number of teams 267 23 290 Total trips by bike 2,506 1,380 3,886

145 Source: Nanaimo Economic Development. 2018 City of Nanaimo Community Profile. (p.26). https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57ab61a51b631bb0ce757ca9/t/5c0020e2352f5379ec71e080/1543512292682/2018+Comm unity+Profile+Final.pdf Data originally from Nanaimo Port Authority. 146 Source: Bike to Work Week. Nanaimo. https://www.biketowork.ca/nanaimo 147 Notes: Bike to Work Week and Bike to School Week was from May 27, 2019 - June 2,2019. 102

Kilometres of new bike routes and new sidewalks148 During the 2016-2018 period, the City of Nanaimo installed 13.2 km of new bike routes and 9.8 km of new sidewalks (Figure 97). The most kilometres of new bike routes were installed in 2016 (6.0 km of new bike routes) and 2017 (6.0 km of new bike routes), while the most kilometers of new sidewalks were installed in 2017 (6.4 km of new sidewalk).

Figure 97: Kilometres of new bike routes and new sidewalks installed, City of Nanaimo, 2016-2018 Year New bike routes (km) New sidewalks (km) 2016 6.0 2.8 2017 6.0 6.4 2018 1.2 0.6 2016-2018 13.2 9.8

148 Source: City of Nanaimo. 2018 Annual Report. Engineering and Public Work Performance Measures. P.27. https://www.nanaimo.ca/docs/default-document-library/2018annualreport3d34213a1b316d6b9fc9ff00001037d2.pdf 103

Health and wellness

A note about geographies For most of the sections in the 2019 Nanaimo Vital Signs report, the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration was compared with other large census agglomerations (Kamloops Census Agglomeration and Prince George Census Agglomeration) and small census metropolitan areas (Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area and Victoria Census Metropolitan Area). However, for many of the health and wellness indicators, data was not readily available for these comparable urban areas, but was readily available for the Greater Victoria Local Health Area, the Vancouver Island Health Authority and British Columbia. Therefore, the comparable geographies to the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area are the Greater Victoria Local Health Area, the Vancouver Island Health Authority and British Columbia.

Life expectancy149,150 Between 2007-2011 and 2013-2017, the life expectancy at birth for the general population in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area saw a very small increase (+0.3 years) (Figure 98), while the male life expectancy barely increased (+0.1 years) and the female life expectancy increased slightly (+0.5 years). The increase in total life expectancy between 2007- 2011 and 2013-2017 in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area (+0.3 years) was less than in the comparison geographies. The overall life expectancy in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area in 2013-2017 (81.0 years) was lower than in the comparison geographies, which was also true for male and female life expectancies. Females (83.3 years) born in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area in 2013-2017 could expect to live almost five years longer than males (78.6 years) born in the same period.

Figure 98: Life expectancy at birth, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2007-2011 and 2013-2017 Greater Greater Victoria Nanaimo Local Local Health Vancouver Island Life expectancy Health Area Area Health Authority British Columbia Total life expectancy, 2007-2011 80.6 81.4 81.3 81.6 Male life expectancy, 2007-2011 78.5 79.2 79.2 79.6 Female life expectancy, 2007-2011 82.8 83.4 83.3 83.6 Total life expectancy, 2013-2017 81.0 82.1 81.9 82.3 Male life expectancy, 2013-2017 78.6 80.2 79.9 80.3 Female life expectancy, 2013-2017 83.3 84.0 83.8 84.3 Change in total life expectancy 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.7 Change in male life expectancy 0.1 1.0 0.7 0.7 Change in female life expectancy 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6

149 Source: BC Stats. Vital Statistics. Sub-Provincial Life Expectancy. https://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/apps/VitalStatistics.aspx 150 According to BC Stats, life expectancy is "The average number of years a person may expect to live given the present mortality experience of a population." https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/statistical-glossary

104

Total fertility rate151,152 The 2013-2017 average total fertility rate per 1,000 women aged 15 to 49 years old in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area was 1,415 (Figure 99), with the total fertility rate being much higher in 2013 and 2014 than in 2015, 2016 and 2017. The 2013-2017 average total fertility rate per 1,000 women aged 15 to 49 years old in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area (1,415) was similar to British Columbia (1,403), but much higher than the Greater Victoria Local Health Area (1,161).

Figure 99: Total fertility rate per 1,000 women aged 15 to 49 years old, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2013- 2017 Greater Greater Nanaimo Local Victoria Local British Year Health Area Health Area Columbia 2013 1,453 1,180 1,428 2014 1,471 1,167 1,400 2015 1,375 1,173 1,403 2016 1,378 1,185 1,396 2017 1,396 1,102 1,386 2013-2017 average 1,415 1,161 1,403

151 Source: BC Stats. Vital Statistics. Age Specific Fertility Rates (CSV). https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people- population-community/population/vital-statistics 152 According to BC Stats: "The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if (1) she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through her lifetime, and (2) she were to survive from birth through the end of her reproductive life. It is obtained by summing the single-year age-specific rates at a given time. " https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population-community/population/vital- statistics Total fertility rate statistics were not available for the Vancouver Island Health Authority as a whole. 105

Teenage fertility rate153,154 The average teenage fertility rate (i.e., number of births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 years old) between 2013 and 2017 in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area was 10.3 (Figure 100), although the teenage fertility rates in 2016 and 2017 were much lower than in 2013, 2014 and 2015. The average teenage fertility rate in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area between 2013 and 2017 (10.3) was higher than in the Greater Victoria Local Health Area (4.3) and British Columbia (6.3).

Figure 100: Teenage fertility rate per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 years old, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2013-2017 Greater Greater Nanaimo Local Victoria Local British Year Health Area Health Area Columbia 2013 11.9 6.1 7.8 2014 13.3 4.1 7.0 2015 11.3 5.3 6.3 2016 7.6 3.2 5.5 2017 7.3 2.6 4.9 2013-2017 average 10.3 4.3 6.3

153 Source: BC Stats. Vital Statistics. Age Specific Fertility Rates (CSV). https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people- population-community/population/vital-statistics 154 Teenage fertility rate statistics were not available for the Vancouver Island Health Authority as a whole. Teenage fertility rates are based on the concept of age specific fertility rates (ASFRs) as defined by BC Stats: "ASFRs represent the average number of births to 1,000 women of the specific age group. All figures are calculated using the average of two consecutive July 1st populations and Census Year (July 1 to June 30) period births of the year stated." Total fertility rate statistics were not available for the Vancouver Island Health Authority as a whole. 106

Age-standardized mortality rate155,156 The age-standardized mortality rate in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area increased by 36.8% between 2007-2011 and 2012-2016 (Figure 101), with the Greater Victoria Local Health Area and British Columbia also experiencing similar increases. In 2012-2016, the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area’s (72.8 deaths per 10,000 people) age-standardized mortality rate was higher than in the comparison geographies.

Figure 101: Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (per 10,000 persons), Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2007-2011 and 2012-2016 Greater Greater Victoria Nanaimo Local Local Health Vancouver Island Time period Health Area Area Health Authority British Columbia 2007-2011 53.2 50.3 N/A 48.2 2012-2016 72.8 66.2 67.0 64.8 Change, 2007-2011 to 2012-2016 (#) 19.6 15.9 N/A 16.6 Change, 2007-2011 to 2012-2016 (%) 36.8% 31.6% N/A 34.4%

155 Source: For 2012-2016 data: Island Health. Local Health Area Profiles. https://www.islandhealth.ca/about-us/medical-health- office/population-health-statistics/local-health-area-profiles For 2007-2011 data: Provincial Health Services Authority. BC Community Health Atlas. http://communityhealth.phsa.ca/Home/HealthAtlas 156 Age specific mortality rates are defined as follows by the World Health Organization: "The age-standardized mortality rate is a weighted average of the age-specific mortality rates per 100,000 persons, where the weights are the proportions of persons in the corresponding age groups of the WHO standard population." https://www.who.int/whosis/whostat2006AgeStandardizedDeathRates.pdf In the case of the Island Health Authority reports, the age-standardized mortality rates were calculated per 10,000 people instead of 100,000 people. Total fertility rate statistics were not available for the Vancouver Island Health Authority as a whole. 107

Top five most common chronic diseases157,158 The five most common chronic diseases in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area in 2017 were (Figure 102):

• Mood and anxiety disorders (33.1% of the population, age-standardized); • Depression (25.5%); • Hypertension (20.8%); • Asthma (13.5%); and, • Osteoarthritis (9.3%).

The Nanaimo Local Health Area had the second lowest of Mood and Anxiety Disorders (out of the four geographies), the second lowest rate of Depression, the second lowest rate of Hypertension, the highest rate of Asthma and tied for the highest rate of Osteoarthritis.

Figure 102: Top five most common chronic diseases in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and the percentage of the population with this disease (age-standardized) in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2017 Greater Vancouver Nanaimo Local Victoria Local Island Health British Chronic condition Health Area Health Area Authority Columbia Mood and Anxiety Disorders 33.1% 34.5% 33.9% 30.0% Depression 25.5% 28.4% 27.5% 24.6% Hypertension 20.8% 20.4% 21.4% 22.6% Asthma 13.5% 12.2% 12.9% 12.2% Osteoarthritis 9.3% 8.5% 9.3% 8.7%

157 Source: Island Health. Local Health Area Profiles. https://www.islandhealth.ca/about-us/medical-health-office/population-health- statistics/local-health-area-profiles 158 For more information on types of diseases, please visit BC Centre for Disease Control. Chronic Disease Dashboard. http://www.bccdc.ca/health-info/disease-system-statistics/chronic-disease-dashboard Data is based on prevalence. Prevalence is defined by the BC Centre for Disease Control as follows: "This represents the proportion of people that are living with the condition in a specific year. For example, the number of prevalent cases for asthma in 2014/15 represents all the people that developed asthma in 2014/15 (incidence) along with all the people living with asthma that was diagnosed in a previous year." 108

Dementia159,160 In 2017, the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area had a similar prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementia (2.4% of the population, age-standardized) to the comparison geographies (Figure 103).

Figure 103: Percentage of the population with Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementia (age-standardized), Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2017

Geography Dementia prevalence (%) Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area 2.4% Greater Victoria Local Health Area 2.6% Vancouver Island Health Authority 2.2% British Columbia 2.1%

159 Source: Island Health. Local Health Area Profiles. https://www.islandhealth.ca/about-us/medical-health-office/population-health- statistics/local-health-area-profiles 160 For more information on types of diseases, please visit BC Centre for Disease Control. Chronic Disease Dashboard. http://www.bccdc.ca/health-info/disease-system-statistics/chronic-disease-dashboard Data is based on prevalence. Prevalence is defined by the BC Centre for Disease Control as follows: "This represents the proportion of people that are living with the condition in a specific year. For example, the number of prevalent cases for asthma in 2014/15 represents all the people that developed asthma in 2014/15 (incidence) along with all the people living with asthma that was diagnosed in a previous year." 109

Population with a family doctor161,162 81.8% of Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area residents had a family doctor (Figure 104), which was higher than any of the comparison geographies. However, the percentage of Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area residents with a family doctor decreased slightly from 83.0% in 2008 to 81.8% in 2017.

Figure 104: Percentage of population with a family doctor, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2008 and 2017 Percentage of the Percentage of the population with a family population with a family Geography doctor, 2008 doctor, 2017 Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area 83.0% 81.8% Greater Victoria Local Health Area 80.1% 75.9% Vancouver Island Health Authority 81.8% 78.6% British Columbia 79.5% 76.5%

161 Source: Island Health. Local Health Area Profiles. https://www.islandhealth.ca/about-us/medical-health-office/population-health- statistics/local-health-area-profiles 162 Note: This statistic is based on the "population attached to physician at the practice level (%)" statistic. 110

Child and youth mental disease and disorders hospitalization rate163 The child mental disorder hospitalization rate in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area was 2 per 1,000 children 0-14 years old (Figure 105), which was the same as the comparison geographies. The youth mental disorder hospitalization rate in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area was 10 per 1,000 youth 15-24 years old, which was lower than the Greater Victoria Local Health Area, slightly lower than the Vancouver Island Health Authority and similar to British Columbia.

Figure 105: Child and youth mental disease and disorders hospitalization rate (per 1,000 people in each age group), Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2017 Child mental disorder Youth mental disorder hospitalization rate per hospitalization rate per 1,000 children 0-14 years 1,000 youth 15-24 years Geography old old Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area 2 10 Greater Victoria Local Health Area 2 15 Vancouver Island Health Authority 2 12 British Columbia 2 11

163 Source: Island Health. Local Health Area Profiles. https://www.islandhealth.ca/about-us/medical-health-office/population-health- statistics/local-health-area-profiles 111

Alcohol-related death rate164,165 During the 2010-2014 period, on average, there were 42 alcohol-related deaths (age-standardized deaths) per 100,000 residents in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area (Figure 106), which was higher than in the comparison geographies.

Figure 106: Alcohol-related death rate (age-standardized) per 100,000 residents, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2010-2014 Greater Greater Vancouver Nanaimo Local Victoria Local Island Health British Year Health Area Health Area Authority Columbia 2010 41 37 36 25 2011 36 40 36 25 2012 38 34 37 25 2013 52 37 40 26 2014 41 37 36 26 2010-2014 (average) 42 37 37 25 During the 2010-2014 period, there was an average of 49 alcohol-related deaths (age-standardized) in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area (Figure 107). The number of alcohol-related deaths was much higher in 2013 (62 alcohol- related deaths) than in any of the other years.

Figure 107: Number of alcohol-related deaths, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area, 2010-2014 Year Number of alcohol-related deaths (age-standardized) 2010 45 2011 42 2012 44 2013 62 2014 50 2010-2014 (average) 49

164 Source: University of Victoria. Canadian Centre for Substance Use Research. Alcohol Mortality Reports. Hospitalization and death data tables zip file. https://www.uvic.ca/research/centres/cisur/stats/hospitalizations-deaths/rates-region-substance/index.php 165 For more information on the methodology behind calculating alcohol-related deaths, please visit University of Victoria. Canadian Centre for Substance Use Research. AOD Project. Hospitalizations and Deaths in BC. https://www.uvic.ca/research/centres/cisur/projects/aod-monitoring/hosp-and-death/index.php 112

Tobacco-related death rate166,167 During the 2010-2014 period, on average, there were 122 tobacco-related deaths (age-standardized deaths) per 100,000 residents in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area (Figure 108), which was the same as the Greater Victoria Local Health Area but higher than the Vancouver Island Health Authority and British Columbia.

Figure 108: Tobacco-related death rate (age-standardized) per 100,000 residents, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison geographies, 2010-2014 Greater Greater Vancouver Nanaimo Local Victoria Local Island Health British Year Health Area Health Area Authority Columbia 2010 133 126 120 94 2011 122 129 118 91 2012 114 114 111 87 2013 119 115 113 86 2014 124 125 115 85 2010-2014 (average) 122 122 115 89 During the 2010-2014 period, there was an average of 158 tobacco-related deaths (age-standardized) in the Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area (Figure 109). The number of tobacco-related deaths dropped from 2010 (162 deaths) until 2012 (146 deaths) before rising until 2014 (171 deaths).

Figure 109: Number of tobacco-related deaths, Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area, 2010-2014 Year Number of tobacco-related deaths (age-standardized) 2010 162 2011 152 2012 146 2013 159 2014 171 2010-2014 (average) 158

166 Source: University of Victoria. Canadian Centre for Substance Use Research. Tobacco Mortality Reports. Hospitalization and death data tables zip file. https://www.uvic.ca/research/centres/cisur/stats/hospitalizations-deaths/rates-region-substance/index.php 167 For more information on the methodology behind calculating tobacco-related deaths, please visit University of Victoria. Canadian Centre for Substance Use Research. AOD Project. Hospitalizations and Deaths in BC. https://www.uvic.ca/research/centres/cisur/projects/aod-monitoring/hosp-and-death/index.php 113

Illicit drug overdose death rate168,169 From 2014 to 2017, the illicit drug overdose rate rose sharply for the City of Nanaimo and all comparison geographies (Figure 110), but unlike the comparison geographies, the illicit drug related death rate in the City of Nanaimo fell sharply from 2017 to 2018 (from 58.3 illicit drug related deaths per 100,000 residents in 2017 to 34.8 illicit drug related deaths per 100,000 residents). For every year in the 2014-2018 period, the City of Nanaimo had a higher illicit drug related death rate than the Vancouver Island Health Authority and British Columbia but a lower illicit drug related death rate than the City of Victoria.

Figure 110: Illicit drug related death rates per 100,000 residents, City of Nanaimo and comparison geographies, 2014-2018 Vancouver Island Health Year City of Nanaimo City of Victoria Authority British Columbia 2014 17.9 23.2 7.2 7.9 2015 19.7 25.9 9.4 11.3 2016 29.6 75.4 20.7 20.8 2017 58.3 102.1 30.4 30.8 2018 34.8 104.3 29.6 31.0 The number of illicit drug related deaths in the City of Nanaimo rose slowly from 16 deaths in 2014 to 18 deaths in 2015, before rising more sharply to 28 deaths in 2016, then doubling to 56 deaths in 2017 and then falling sharply to the still high total of 34 deaths in 2018 (Figure 111).

Figure 111: Number of illicit drug related deaths, City of Nanaimo, 2014-2018 Year Number of deaths 2014 16 2015 18 2016 28 2017 56 2018 34

168 Source: For number of illicit drug deaths: BC Government. Coroners Service. Illicit Drug Overdose Deaths in BC (2009-2019). https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/life-events/death/coroners-service/statistical-reports For population: Population (2014-2018) is based on BC Stats. Population Estimates. Municipalities, Regional Districts and Development Regions. 2011 to 2018 (XLSX). https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population- community/population/population-estimates For age and gender data: Email from Dr. Paul Hasselback, Chief Medical Officer,Nanaimo, Oceanside, Alberni-Clayoquot, Vancouver Island Health Authority. 169 According to the BC Government. Coroner's Service:"Illicit drug overdose category includes the following: streets drugs (controlled and illegal drugs: heroin, cocaine, MDMA, methamphematimine, illicit fentanyl etc.), medications not prescribed to the decedent but obtained/purchased on the street, from unknown means or where origin of drug not known, combinations of the above with prescribed medications."

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During the 2017 and 2018 in Nanaimo, 76% of persons who died of illicit drug overdoses were male, while 24% were female. 47% of persons who died of illicit drug overdoses during this period were under 40 years old, while 53% were 40 years old or older.

Activity limitation170,171 In 2016, there were 41,640 residents with an activity limitation in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration (Figure 112). The proportion of Nanaimo Census Agglomeration residents with an activity limitation (40.8%) was similar to Vancouver Island (40.6%), but higher than British Columbia (34.5%). The lowest rate of activity limitation among age groups in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration were among 0-14 year olds (16.6%), while the highest rate was among 65+ year olds (61.5%).

Figure 112: Total number of persons with an activity limitation and as a percentage of the population, by age group, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison geographies, 2016 Nanaimo Nanaimo Census Nanaimo Census Census Vancouver British Age Agglomeration Agglomeration Agglomeration Island Columbia Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of population population population Total population with an with an with an Total with an activity activity activity activity population limitation limitation limitation limitation Total 101,985 41,640 40.8% 40.6% 34.5% 0-14 years old 15,115 2,515 16.6% 16.2% 13.3% 15-24 years old 11,600 3,445 29.7% 30.1% 24.4% 25-44 years old 24,125 8,770 36.4% 35.1% 28.2% 45-64 years old 30,195 14,010 46.4% 45.2% 40.3% 65+ years old 20,960 12,895 61.5% 60.0% 59.3%

170 Source: Originally downloaded from Community Data Program. Activity Limitations Table 1: Age (18), Sex (3), Activity limitation frequency (7) and Activity limitation type (9), for the Population in Private Households, 2016 Census. https://communitydata.ca/content/activity-limitations-table-1-age-18-sex-3-activity-limitation-frequency-7-and-activity Nanaimo Census Agglomeration data was downloaded from the CMA, CT file, while Vancouver Island and BC data was downloaded from the CSD, CD file 171 Note: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Use of Community Data Program data is governed by the Schedule C Data sharing and end use licence agreement. https://communitydata.ca/sites/default/files/ccsd-cdp_schedule-c.pdf Vancouver Island was created by combining the Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District, Capital Regional District, Comox Valley Regional District, Cowichan Valley Regional District, Mount Waddington Regional District, Nanaimo Regional District, and Strathcona Regional District. Statistics Canada defines activity limitation as follows: "Refers to difficulties a person may have doing certain activities as a result of physical, mental, or other health-related conditions or problems." 115

Youth mental health172,173

As per the results of the 2018 BC Adolescent Health Survey for grade 7-12 students in Central Vancouver Island:

“Overall, 69% of Central Vancouver Island students rated their mental health as good or excellent (vs. 73% across BC). This represented a decrease for both local males (from 85% in 2013 to 80% in 2018) and females (from 75% to 59%) and an overall decrease from 80% in 2013. Males remained more likely than females to report good/excellent mental health. Most youth in Central Vancouver Island (85%) experienced some level of stress in the month prior to taking the survey, including 14% who felt so stressed that they could not function properly. As in previous years, local females were more likely than males to experience this level of extreme stress (20% vs. 6%). Levels of extreme stress have been comparable over the past five years for males (6%) but have increased for females (from 14% to 20%).”

Needle pick-ups and needle distribution174 In 2018, there were 1,232 needles picked-up in clean-ups in Nanaimo, including 1,219 needles in general urban areas and 13 needles on parks and trails. In 2018, 599,900 syringes were ordered by sites that distribute harm reduction supplies in Nanaimo (some of these sites also provide supplies in other geographies through outreach programs or secondary sites).

172 Source: Email from Annie Smith, Executive Director, McCreary Centre Society. Data originally from McCreary Centre Society, "2018 BC Adolescent Health Survey" 173 Notes: "The BC Adolescent Health Survey (BC AHS) is a questionnaire used to gather information about young people’s physical and emotional health, and about factors that can influence health during adolescence or in later life. The survey is conducted by the McCreary Centre Society in collaboration with the provincial government and public health system, and with the cooperation of BC’s school districts." This survey "was completed by 38,015 Grade 7-12 students in schools across British Columbia." For more information about the BC AHS, please visit McCreary Centre Society. "BC Adolescent Health Survey". https://www.mcs.bc.ca/about_bcahs 174 Source: For needle pick-ups: Email from Kristin Thompson, Forensic Housing Outreach Program, Nanaimo Region John Howard Society For distribution of needles for harm reduction: Email from Paul Hasselback, Chief Medical Officer, Central Vancouver Island, Vancouver Island Health Authority 116

Housing

Spending 30% or more of before-tax household income on housing costs175,176 In 2016, 26.0% of Nanaimo Census Agglomeration households spent 30% or more of their before-tax household incomes on housing costs, which was a -3.0% decrease from 2006, when 29.0% of households spent 30% or more (Figure 113). The percentage of Nanaimo Census Agglomeration owner households spending 30% or more of their before-tax household incomes on housing costs dropped from 21.8% in 2006 to 16.7% in 2016. The percentage of Nanaimo Census Agglomeration renter households spending 30% or more of their before-tax household incomes on housing costs dropped from 48.2% in 2006 to 47.4% in 2016.

Figure 113: Percentage of renter and owner households in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration spending 30% or more of their before-tax household income on housing, 2006 and 2016 Total Owner Renter househ househ househ olds olds olds Percentag Percentag Spendi Percentage Spendin e spending Spendin e spending ng 30% spending g 30% 30% or g 30% 30% or or 30% or Year Total or more more Total or more more Total more more 2006 38,375 11,145 29.0% 27,890 6,090 21.8% 10,485 5,055 48.2% 2016 44,470 11,570 26.0% 31,005 5,185 16.7% 13,470 6,380 47.4% Change (#), 2006-2016 6,095 425 3,115 -905 2,985 1,325 Change (%), 2006-2016 15.9% 3.8% -3.0% 11.2% -14.9% -5.1% 28.5% 26.2% -0.8%

175 Sources: 2016 Census data: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016230. Housing Indicators (5), Tenure Including Presence of Mortgage Payments and Subsidized Housing (7), Age of Primary Household Maintainer (9), Household Type Including Census Family Structure (16), Household Size (8) and Period of Construction (12) for Owner and Tenant Households With Household Total Income Greater Than Zero in Non-farm, Non-reserve Private Dwellings of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data 2006 Census data for renters: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 97-554-XCB2006051. Gross Rent as a Percentage of 2005 Household Income (10), Household Type (11) and Age Groups of Primary Household Maintainer (8) for the Private Households with Household Income Greater than Zero, in Tenant-occupied Private Non-farm, Non-reserve Dwellings of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. 2006 Census data for owners: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 97-554-XCB2006050. Owner's Major Payments as a Percentage of 2005 Household Income (10), Household Type (11), Age Groups of Primary Household Maintainer (8) and Presence of Mortgage (3) for the Private Households with Household Income Greater than Zero, in Owner-occupied Private Non-farm, Non-reserve Dwellings of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. 176 Notes: Households that spend 30% or more of before-tax household income on housing costs may have challenges paying for other necessities. According to CMHC (Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation), In Canada, housing is considered “affordable” if it costs less than 30% of a household’s before-tax income". For more information, please visit CMHC. About Affordable Housing in Canada. https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/developing-and-renovating/develop-new-affordable-housing/programs-and-information/about- affordable-housing-in-canada Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence This Excel file was produced using Statistics Canada data. Reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of analysis done for this Vital Signs Report. 117

In 2016, 26.0% of Nanaimo Census Agglomeration households spent 30% or more of their before-tax household incomes on housing costs (Figure 114), which was the third highest among the five urban areas analyzed. In 2016, 16.7% of Nanaimo Census Agglomeration Area owner households spent 30% or more of their before-tax household incomes on housing costs, which was the third highest among the five urban areas analyzed. In 2016, 47.4% of Nanaimo Census Agglomeration Area renter households spent 30% or more of their before-tax household incomes on housing costs, which was the highest among the five urban areas analyzed.

Figure 114: Percentage of renter and owner households in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban areas spending 30% or more of their before-tax household income on housing costs, 2016 Total Owner Renter househ househo househo olds lds lds Percenta Percentag Spendi ge e Percentage ng 30% spending Spendin spending Spendin spending or 30% or g 30% 30% or g 30% 30% or Urban area Total more more Total or more more Total or more more Kamloops Census Agglomeration 41,050 9,205 22.4% 30,125 4,175 13.9% 10,920 5,030 46.1% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 75,460 19,800 26.2% 54,650 10,245 18.7% 20,810 9,550 45.9% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 44,470 11,570 26.0% 31,005 5,185 16.7% 13,470 6,380 47.4% Prince George Census Agglomeration 34,810 6,395 18.4% 25,105 2,610 10.4% 9,700 3,790 39.1% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 159,765 45,565 28.5% 99,525 18,890 19.0% 60,245 26,680 44.3%

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Single family house benchmark prices177,178 In May 2019, the single family house benchmark price in the Nanaimo area was $557,500, which was much more affordable than the Victoria area ($756,000) (Figure 115). In the last four years (May 2015-May 2019), the single family house benchmark price increased strongly by 58.6% (a $205,900 increase) in the Nanaimo area. During the one year period from May 2018 to May 2019, the single family house benchmark price increased slowly by 2.4% ($12,900 increase) in the Nanaimo area.

Figure 115: Single family house benchmark prices, Nanaimo and Victoria areas, May 2015, May 2018, and May 2019 Time Nanaimo area Victoria area May 2015 $351,600 $506,800 May 2018 $544,600 $758,800 May 2019 $557,500 $756,000 ($) change, May 2015-May 2019 $205,900 $249,200 (%) change, May 2015-May 2019 58.6% 49.2% ($) change, May 2015-May 2019 $12,900 -$2,800 (%) change, May 2015-May 2019 2.4% -0.4%

177 Sources: For Nanaimo area real estate prices: Vancouver Island Real Estate Board. Market Statistics. http://www.vireb.com/index.php?page=20 For Victoria area real estate prices: Victoria Real Estate Board. Current Statistics. https://www.vreb.org/current-statistics 178 Notes: Benchmark housing prices are based on the HPI (Housing Price Index). "The MLS® HPI determines the value for a typical “benchmark” home, which is a notional dwelling that shares a specific set of qualitative and quantitative attributes. Benchmark prices tend to be slightly lower than corresponding medians and averages." The features of a benchmark home may vary by geographic area. For more information on benchmark homes, please Vancouver Island Real Estate Board. Market Statistics. http://www.vireb.com/index.php?page=20

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Apartment benchmark prices179,180 In May 2019, the apartment benchmark price in the Nanaimo area was $309,800, which was much more affordable than the Victoria area ($507,300) (Figure 116). In the last four years (May 2015-May 2019), the apartment benchmark price increased strongly by 53.4% ($107,800 increase) in the Nanaimo area. During the one year period from May 2018 to May 2019, the apartment benchmark price increased slowly by 0.8% ($2,600 increase) in the Nanaimo area.

Figure 116: Apartment benchmark prices, Nanaimo and Victoria areas, May 2014, May 2015, and May 2019 Time Nanaimo area Victoria area May 2015 $202,000 $300,500 May 2018 $307,200 $497,300 May 2019 $309,800 $507,300 ($) change, May 2015-May 2019 $107,800 $206,800 (%) change, May 2015-May 2019 53.4% 68.8% ($) change, May 2015-May 2019 $2,600 $10,000 (%) change, May 2015-May 2019 0.8% 2.0%

179 Sources: For Nanaimo area real estate prices: Vancouver Island Real Estate Board. Market Statistics. http://www.vireb.com/index.php?page=20 For Victoria area real estate prices: Victoria Real Estate Board. Current Statistics. https://www.vreb.org/current-statistics 180 Notes: Benchmark housing prices are based on the HPI (Housing Price Index). "The MLS® HPI determines the value for a typical “benchmark” home, which is a notional dwelling that shares a specific set of qualitative and quantitative attributes. Benchmark prices tend to be slightly lower than corresponding medians and averages." The features of a benchmark home may vary by geographic area. For more information on benchmark homes, please Vancouver Island Real Estate Board. Market Statistics. http://www.vireb.com/index.php?page=20

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Median rents for purpose-built rental units181,182 During the five year period between October 2013 and October 2018 in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, bachelor/studio units had the fastest rate of median rent increase (38.4%) of any unit type, while 1 bedroom units had the slowest rate of median rent increase (20.4%) (Figure 117). During the one-year period from October 2017 to October 2018 in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, all unit types had fast rates of median rent increases, especially 2 bedroom units (11.2% increase). In October 2018 in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 3+ bedroom units had the highest median rents of any unit type ($1,246/month), followed by 2 bedroom units ($1,040/month), 1 bedroom units ($825/month) and bachelor/studio units ($732/ month).

Figure 117: Median purpose-built rental unit rents by bedroom type, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, October 2013, October 2017 and October 2018 Time period Bachelor/studio 1 bedroom 2 bedroom 3+ bedroom October 2013 $529 $685 $800 $975 October 2017 $680 $769 $935 $1,182 October 2018 $732 $825 $1,040 $1,246 ($) change, October 2013-October 2018 $203 $140 $240 $271 (%) change, October 2013-October 2018 38.4% 20.4% 30.0% 27.8% ($) change, October 2017-October 2018 $52 $56 $105 $64 (%) change, October 2017-October 2018 7.6% 7.3% 11.2% 5.4%

181 Sources: For Nanaimo Census Agglomeration over time data: CMHC (Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation). Housing Market Information Portal. Nanaimo CA - Historical Median Rent by Bedroom Type. https://www03.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/hmip-pimh/#TableMapChart/4460/3/Nanaimo+CA For other urban areas in October 2018: CMHC (Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation). Housing Market Information Portal. British Columbia — Median Rent by Bedroom Type by Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Cities. https://www03.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/hmip-pimh/#TableMapChart/59/2/British%20Columbia 182 Use of CMHC data is governed by the CMHC. Licence Agreement for Use of Data. https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/data-and-research/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data This Excel analysis was produced using CMHC data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation of analysis done for this Vital Signs Report. This median rent data is for the purpose-built market rental stock and does not include data for social housing, secondary suites, rented condos and other forms of rental housing. This data is originally from the CMHC. Rental Market Survey. For more information on the Rental Market Survey, please visit CMHC. Housing Market Information Portal. Methodology for Rental Market Survey. https://www03.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/hmip-pimh/en/TableMapChart/RmsMethodology 121

In October 2018, the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had the second most affordable bachelor/studio unit median rent, the second most affordable 1 bedroom unit median rent, the third most affordable 2 bedroom unit median rent and the second most affordable 3+ bedroom unit median rent of the five analyzed urban areas (Figure 118).

Figure 118: Median purpose-built rental unit rents by bedroom type, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban areas, October 2018 Urban Area Bachelor/studio 1 bedroom 2 bedroom 3+ bedroom Kamloops Census Agglomeration $743 $859 $1,000 $1,300 Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area $934 $950 $1,195 $1,345 Nanaimo Census Agglomeration $732 $825 $1,040 $1,246 Prince George Census Agglomeration $660 $738 $875 $950 Victoria Census Metropolitan Area $878 $1,020 $1,350 $1,750

Rental vacancy rates for purpose-built rental units183,184 During the October 2014-October 2018 period, the rental vacancy rate for the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration was too low (i.e., below the balanced rental vacancy rate of 3%-4%) for four out of the five years analyzed (October 2015, October 2016, October 2017 and October 2018) and too high (i.e., above the balanced rental vacancy rate of 3%-4%) in one year (October 2014) (Figure 119). The average rental vacancy rate for all units in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration during the October 2014-October 2018 period was 2.5% (‘too low’), with the highest average rental vacancy rate for bachelor/studio units (3.9%) and the lowest average rental vacancy rate for 1 bedroom units (1.9%).

Figure 119: Rental vacancy rates by bedroom type, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, October 2014-October 2018 Time period Bachelor/studio 1 bedroom 2 bedroom 3+ bedroom Total units October 2014 2.2% 3.4% 6.3% 3.9% 4.5% October 2015 5.0% 1.4% 2.3% 3.9% 2.2% October 2016 2.6% 0.9% 2.2% 3.0% 1.7% October 2017 4.5% 1.5% 1.2% N/A 1.9% October 2018 5.0% 2.3% 2.0% 2.6% 2.4% Average rate (October 2014 - October 2018) 3.9% 1.9% 2.8% 3.4% 2.5%

183 Source: CMHC (Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation). Housing Market Information Portal. British Columbia — Vacancy Rate by Bedroom Type by Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Cities. https://www03.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/hmip-pimh/#TableMapChart/59/2/British%20Columbia 184 Notes: Use of CMHC data is governed by the CMHC. Licence Agreement for Use of Data. https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/data-and-research/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data This Excel analysis was produced using CMHC data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation of analysis done for this Vital Signs Report. This rental vacancy data is for the purpose-built market rental stock and does not include data for social housing, secondary suites, rented condos and other forms of rental housing. This data is originally from the CMHC. Rental Market Survey. For more information on the Rental Market Survey, please visit CMHC. Housing Market Information Portal. Methodology for Rental Market Survey. https://www03.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/hmip-pimh/en/TableMapChart/RmsMethodology A healthy rental vacancy rate (not too high, not too low) is considered to be between 3% and 4%. Rental vacancy rates consistently below this level indicate a lack of supply, while rental vacancy rates consistently above this level indicate a surplus of supply. For more information on rental vacancy rates, please read FCM (Federation of Canada Municipalities). "No Vacancy: Trends in Rental Housing in Canada". https://fcm.ca/Documents/reports/fcm/No_Vacancy_Trends_in_Rental_Housing_in_Canada_EN.pdf

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The Nanaimo Census Agglomeration’s average rental vacancy rate of 2.5% (Figure 120) during the October 2014- October 2018 period was ‘too low’ (compared with a balanced rental vacancy rate of 3%-4%), but not as severely low as the average rental vacancy rates in the Kamloops Census Agglomeration (2.0%), the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area (0.9%) and the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area (0.9%). Only the Prince George Census Agglomeration had a balanced average rental vacancy rate (3.7%) during the October 2014-October 2018 period.

Figure 120: Rental vacancy rates, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban areas, October 2014-October 2018 Average rate (October 2014- October Urban area October 2014 October 2015 October 2016 October 2017 October 2018 2018) Kamloops Census Agglomeration 3.9% 2.5% 1.1% 1.1% 1.4% 2.0% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 1.0% 0.7% 0.6% 0.4% 1.8% 0.9% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 4.5% 2.2% 1.7% 1.9% 2.4% 2.5% Prince George Census Agglomeration 2.9% 4.4% 4.1% 3.7% 3.6% 3.7% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 1.5% 0.7% 0.5% 0.7% 1.1% 0.9%

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Purpose-built rental inventory185,186 In October 2018, there were 4,060 purpose-built rental units in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration (Figure 121), with the majority of units being 1 bedroom units (1,936 units) and 2 bedroom units (1,616 units). The total number of purpose-built rental units in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration decreased from 3,764 units in October 2013 to 3,742 units in October 2014 before increasing every year until October 2018. Overall, there was a net increase of 296 purpose- built rental units in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration between October 2013 and October 2018, representing a 7.9% increase. Although the number of bachelor/studio units, 1 bedroom units, and 2 bedroom units increased between October 2013 and October 2018 in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, the number of 3+ bedroom units decreased during this period.

Figure 121: Purpose-built rental inventory (number of units), by bedroom type, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, October 2013-October 2018 Time period Bachelor/studio 1 bedroom 2 bedroom 3+ bedroom Total units October 2013 260 1,749 1,545 210 3,764 October 2014 247 1,786 1,520 189 3,742 October 2015 248 1,795 1,521 186 3,750 October 2016 256 1,848 1,533 206 3,843 October 2017 258 1,842 1,577 202 3,879 October 2018 320 1,936 1,616 188 4,060 (#) change, October 2013-October 2018 60 187 71 -22 296 (%) change, October 2013-October 2018 23.1% 10.7% 4.6% -10.5% 7.9%

185 Sources: For Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, by bedroom type. CMHC (Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation). Nanaimo Census Agglomeration. Historical Universe by Bedroom Type. https://www03.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/hmip-pimh/#TableMapChart/4460/3/Nanaimo+CA For BC urban areas in October 2013 and October 2018: CMHC (Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation). British Columbia — Universe by Bedroom Type by Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Cities. https://www03.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/hmip-pimh/#TableMapChart/59/2/British%20Columbia 186 Notes: Use of CMHC data is governed by the CMHC. Licence Agreement for Use of Data. https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/data-and-research/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data This Excel analysis was produced using CMHC data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation of analysis done for this Vital Signs Report. This inventory data is for the purpose-built market rental stock and does not include data for social housing, secondary suites, rented condos and other forms of rental housing. In addition to the demolition of rental buildings and the addition of new rental buildings, inventory data can vary year over year due to units being temporarily taken out of the supply due to fire, renovations, etc. . This data is originally from the CMHC. Rental Market Survey. For more information on the Rental Market Survey, please visit CMHC. Housing Market Information Portal. Methodology for Rental Market Survey. https://www03.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/hmip-pimh/en/TableMapChart/RmsMethodology

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The number of purpose-built rental units in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration increased by 7.9% between October 2013 and October 2018 (Figure 122), which was a similar rate of increase to the Kamloops Census Agglomeration (7.8% increase), a slower rate of increase than the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area (19.3% increase) and the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area (8.9% increase) and a faster rate of increase than the Prince George Census Agglomeration (- 0.7% decrease).

Figure 122: Purpose-built rental inventory (number of units), Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and comparison urban areas, October 2013 and October 2018 (#) change, (%), October October 2013- 2013-October Urban area October 2013 October 2018 October 2018 2018 Kamloops Census Agglomeration 3,608 3,889 281 7.8% Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area 4,839 5,772 933 19.3% Nanaimo Census Agglomeration 3,764 4,060 296 7.9% Prince George Census Agglomeration 3,641 3,614 -27 -0.7% Victoria Census Metropolitan Area 24,210 26,371 2,161 8.9%

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Homeless counts187,188 In the April 2018 Homeless Count, there were 278 unsheltered homeless persons (83.0% of homeless persons) and 57 sheltered homeless persons (17.0% of homeless persons) in Nanaimo (Figure 123).

Figure 123: Sheltered and unsheltered homeless populations in Nanaimo, April 2018

Type of homeless Number of persons Percentage of homeless population Unsheltered 278 83.0% Sheltered 57 17.0% Total 335 100.0% In the April 2018 Homeless Count, 69% of Nanaimo’s homeless population was male (compared with 30% who were female) (Figure 124), while 6% were children and youth (0-24 years old) (compared with 15% who were near seniors or seniors – 55+ years old). 33% of Nanaimo’s homeless population in the April 2018 Homeless Count was Aboriginal, while 53% of the homeless population had been homeless for at least one year.

Figure 124: Demographics of the homeless population in Nanaimo, April 2018 Demographic Percentage of homeless population Male 69% Female 30% Children and youth (0-24 years old) 6% Near seniors and seniors (55+ years old) 15% Homeless at least one year 53% Aboriginal Identity 33%

187 Sources: For Nanaimo (2016 and 2018 Point in Time Count): Nanaimo Homelessness Coalition. "Homelessness in Nanaimo: Everyone Counts: 2018 Point-In-Time Count Report". Prepared by the United Way Central and Northern Vancouver Island. https://www.nanaimo.ca/docs/social-culture-environment/community-social-service-programs/nanaimo-pit-count-report- 2018_final_june-6.pdf For Nanaimo (2008 Point in Time Count): Nanaimo Working Group on Homelessness. "Continuing and Shifting Patterns in Nanaimo's Homeless Population: Based on the September 2008 Homeless Count”. https://www.nanaimo.ca/docs/social-culture-environment/community-social-service-programs/sept08_homelesscensus.pdf For BC Homeless Count: BC Housing. 2018 Report on Homeless Counts in BC. https://www.bchousing.org/research-centre/housing-data/homeless-counts For urban area populations: BC Stats. Population Estimates. Census Metropolitan Areas/ Census Agglomerations. 2011 to 2018 (XLSX). https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population-community/population/population-estimates For demographics for 2018 point in time count in Nanaimo (except homeless for at least one year): BC Housing. 2018 Report on Homeless Counts in BC. https://www.bchousing.org/research-centre/housing-data/homeless-counts 188 Notes: Unsheltered includes persons living in a vacant building, makeshift shelter, tenant or shack, other unsheltered location unfit for human habitation, public spaces, or a vehicle. Unsheltered total includes unsheltered + unsheltered observed from the "Where are you staying tonight (2018)" section of the Nanaimo 2018 Point in Time Count. Sheltered includes persons staying in transitional shelters or transitional housing, emergency shelters, domestic violence against women shelters. Homeless counts are considered to be undercounts of the overall homeless population. Homeless count results can be affected by many factors including weather, number of volunteers enumerating and the time of year that the count was done. Nanaimo's 2018 count was done on April 18, 2018, while Nanaimo's 2016 count was done on February 9, 2016 and Nanaimo's 2008 count was done on September 18, 2008. The comparative homeless count numbers between urban areas for Nanaimo are smaller than for the Nanaimo Homeless Count because the unsheltered observed numbers have been removed for the Nanaimo area for the BC Homeless Count for comparability between urban areas.

126

The homeless population in the Nanaimo area increased very dramatically (191.3% increase, increase of 220 homeless persons) in the ten years between the September 2008 and April 2018 Homeless Counts (Figure 125). Most of this increase occurred between the February 2016 and April 2018 Homeless Counts (92.5% increase, increase of 161 homeless persons).

Figure 125: Homeless populations in Nanaimo, September 2008, February 2016, and April 2018

Count date Number of homeless counted September 2008 115 February 2016 174 April 2018 335 Change (#), Sept 2008 - April 2018 220 Change (%), Sept 2008 - April 2018 191.3% Change (#), Feb 2016 - April 2018 161 Change (%), Feb 2016 - April 2018 92.5% In 2018, the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration had 266 homeless persons per 100,000 residents (Figure 126), which was the highest rate of per capita homelessness among the five analyzed urban areas.

Figure 126: Homeless populations in most recent counts, per 100,000 residents, Nanaimo urban area and comparable urban areas Total homeless Total population - Total homeless Homeless as per BC population in persons per count month homeless urban area 100,000 Urban area and year count report (2018) residents Kamloops Census Agglomeration March 2018 195 111,646 175 Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area March 2018 286 208,864 137 Nanaimo Census Agglomeration April 2018 301 112,949 266 Prince George Census Agglomeration April 2018 160 91,969 174 Victoria Census Metropolitan Area March 2018 931 396,509 235

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Social housing inventory189,190 In March 2019 in the City of Nanaimo, there were 417 homeless or at risk of homeless clients housing units, 105 homeless rent supplements distributed and 37 homeless shelter beds (Figure 127).

Figure 127: Emergency shelter and housing for the homeless, City of Nanaimo, based on BC Housing data, March 2019 Emergency Shelter and Housing for the Homeless Service Homeless Allocation Homeless Rent Homeless Group Housed Supplements Shelters Subtotal Beds/supplements 417 105 37 559

189 Sources: For most of the social housing inventory data: BC Government. Open Data Catalogue. Non-market Housing. Originally produced by BC Housing. Corporate Research and Planning. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/non-market-housing Co-op housing information is based on Co-op Housing Federation BC. Find a Housing Co-operative. https://www.chf.bc.ca/find-co-op/ For Aboriginal housing, list of Aboriginal housing: M'Akola Housing Society. Homes. http://makola.bc.ca/homes/vancouver-island/#nanaimo with unit statistics coming from BC Assessment. Evalue. https://www.bcassessment.ca/ 190 BC Housing only tracks units where it has a financial relationship. There may be other subsidized housing units in the community. BC Housing’s ‘Housing Continuum’ reports are based on ‘units’ ( housing units, beds, spaces and rent supplements, depending on each program) and do not report on the number of ‘people’ assisted. Service Allocation definitions: a. Homeless Housed: Housing for clients who are at the risk of homelessness, or formerly homeless for a period of at least 30 days and up to two or three years. This type of housing includes the provision of on- or off-site support services to help the clients move towards independence and self-sufficiency. b. Homeless Rent Supplement: This program connects people who are homeless to housing, income assistance, and community-based support services. The number of units shown represents an estimate of rent supplements given monthly based on available funding. Homeless Rent Supplement projects were first initiated in the 2008/2009 fiscal year. c. Homeless Sheltered: Short stay housing. The shelters provide single or shared bedrooms or dorm-like sleeping arrangements, with varying levels of support services provided for the clients. d. Frail Seniors: Housing for seniors who need access to housing with on-going supports and services. Frail seniors are those who cannot live independently. e. Special Needs: Housing for clients who need access to affordable housing with support services. These clients include for example adults with mental and/or physical disabilities or youth. f. Women and Children Fleeing Violence: BC Housing provides funding for transition houses, safe homes and second stage housing programs that support women and their children who have experienced violence or at risk of experiencing violence by providing temporary shelter/housing and support services. g. Low Income Families: Independent housing for low to moderate income households with a minimum of two people including at least one dependent child. h. Low Income Seniors: Housing for seniors where minimal or no additional services are provided. Seniors are usually defined as individuals who are 65 years of age and older. i. Rent Assistance Family: Housing subsidy to provide eligible low-income families with cash assistance to help with their monthly rent payments in the private market. Housing under this category includes Rental Assistance Program (RAP) as well as other rent supplement units in the private market targeted towards families. j. Rent Assistance Seniors: Housing subsidy to help make private market rents affordable for BC seniors with low to moderate incomes. Housing under this category include for Shelter Aid for Elderly Renters (SAFER) program as well as other rent supplement units in the private market targeted towards seniors. The Rental Assistance Program (RAP) provides eligible low-income, working families with cash assistance to help with their monthly rent payments in the private market. The Shelter Aid for Elderly Renters (SAFER) program helps make rents affordable for BC seniors with low to moderate incomes. SAFER provides monthly cash payments to subsidize rents for eligible BC residents who are age 60 or over and who pay rent for their homes. This report excludes 2,208 units across B.C. funded under the BC HOME Partnership program. Aboriginal housing and co-op housing is not included in the BC Housing funding numbers. 128

In March 2019 in the City of Nanaimo, there were 332 units for frail seniors, 129 units for special needs persons and 17 units for women and children fleeing violence (Figure 128).

Figure 128: Transitional supported and assisted living, City of Nanaimo, based on BC Housing data, March 2019 Transitional Supported and Assisted Living Women and Service Children Allocation Fleeing Group Frail Seniors Special Needs Violence Subtotal Units 332 129 17 478 In March 2019 in the City of Nanaimo, there were 435 social housing units for low income families and 218 social housing units for low income seniors (Figure 129).

Figure 129: Independent social housing, City of Nanaimo, based on BC Housing data, March 2019 Independent Social Housing Service Allocation Low Income Low Income Group Families Seniors Subtotal Units 435 218 653 In March 2019 in the City of Nanaimo, there were 293 rent supplements provided to families and 772 rent supplements provided to seniors (Figure 130).

Figure 130: Rental supplements, City of Nanaimo, based on BC Housing data, March 2019 Rent Assistance in Private Market Service Allocation Rent Assist Rent Assist Group Families Seniors Subtotal Supplements 293 772 1,065

As of June 2019, there were 0 co-op housing units in the City of Nanaimo. As of June 2019, there were 93 Aboriginal- specific housing units in the City of Nanaimo.

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Social housing wait list191,192 Nanaimo had 444 applicant households on the Housing Registry as of March 31, 2019 (Figure 131), the second most households out of the five communities (after Victoria). The largest number of households in the Housing Registry in Nanaimo were senior households (214 households), followed by family households (106 households).

Figure 131: Applicant Households applying for housing through The Housing Registry, Selected Communities - as of 31 March 2019

Applicant Category People Wheelchair Community Family with Seniors Singles Modified disabilities

Kamloops 70 50 78 12 12

Kelowna 28 74 107 12 5

Nanaimo 106 77 214 31 16

Prince George 122 113 138 18 8

Victoria 238 258 363 39 57

191 Source: BC Housing: WebFocus Report HCSTAT002: Housing Registry Statistics. Prepared by BC Housing's Research and Corporate Planning Department (Adam Collinge, Research Analyst, BC Housing) - June 2019 192 Notes: 1. Applicant statistics reflect applicants with active (live) status in The Housing Registry, a centralized database for participating housing providers containing current applicant information. 2. Non-participants of The Housing Registry keep their own applicant waiting list. Housing Registry applicants may also have applied for housing with non-participants of The Housing Registry. 3. Eligible applicants must apply under one of the following Housing Registry applicant categories: a. People with Disabilities: A single person who can live independently and qualifies for a disability pension, or can't work because of a disability, and is under 55 years of age. b. Family: a minimum of two people, including one dependent child. c. Rent Supplement: at least one applicant qualifies to be considered for a private market rent supplement (i.e. live in areas of the province where there is limited or no subsidized housing, or have a unique need that cannot be accommodated in existing subsidized housing). May be family, senior or person with disabilities. d. Seniors: One or two persons, with at least one person who is 55 years or older. e. Wheelchair Modified: At least one applicant requires a wheelchair modified unit. May be family, senior or person with disabilities. f. Singles: Singles and couples under age 55 who do not meet the definition of people with disabilities. 4. Rent Supplements, Transfers and Pending applications are not included in this report. 5. Results with a value less than 5 will be suppressed to ensure applicant’s confidentiality is maintained. 130

Homeless shelters193,194 As of June 2019, there at least 103 homeless shelter beds in Nanaimo (Figure 132), with shelter beds available for different demographics.

Figure 132: Emergency shelter information, as of June 2019 Number of emergency Shelter Target population shelter beds Salvation Army New Hope Centre Men 24 Samaritan House Women and their children 14 First Unitarian Fellowship of Nanaimo Shelter Men and Women 30 St.Peter's Church Men - Winter only 35 Friendship Lelum Youth Safe House Youth ? Total 103

The Unitarian Fellowship Shelter had 4,242 shelter bed nights in 2016/2017 (November 1st, 2016 – March 31st, 2017) and 4,470 shelter bed nights in 2017/2018 (November 1st, 2017 – March 31st, 2018). On July 4th, 2018, the Unitarian Fellowship Shelter became a year around shelter, with 8,816 shelter bed nights provided between July 4th, 2018 and May 31st, 2018.

The Samaritan House had 5,132 shelter bed nights in 2016, which increased to 5,686 shelter bed nights in 2017, before decreasing to 5,381 shelter bed nights in 2018.

193 Sources: For Unitarian Fellowship Winter Shelter: Email from Lois Peterson, First Unitarian Fellowship of Nanaimo. June 24, 2019. For Samaritan House Shelter: Email from Richard Powell, Information Manager, Island Crisis Care Society. June 13, 2019. For number of beds at shelters: Email from Karin Kronstal, Social Planning, City of Nanaimo. June 11, 2019. 194 Notes: As some of the shelter beds may not funded by BC Housing or they may not have been counted for whatever reason, the number of shelter beds from the City of Nanaimo data exceeds the count in BC Housing's Social Housing Inventory. Shelter bed information was only obtained for two of the shelters (First Unitarian Fellowship of Nanaimo Shelter and Samaritan House Shelter). Therefore, the total number of shelter bed nights in Nanaimo is higher than what is shown in this data. 131

Learning

School district boundaries note The school districts were matched as closely to the geographies of the main cities within the comparison urban areas as follows:

• Central Okanagan School District (similar to Kelowna); • Greater Victoria School District (similar to Victoria); • Kamloops/Thompson School District (similar to Kamloops); • Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District (similar to Nanaimo); and, • Prince George School District (similar to Prince George).

For a map of school district locations, please visit BC Stats. Administrative Boundaries. School Districts. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/geographic-data-services/land-use/administrative-boundaries/school- district

Public and independent school enrollment195,196 The number of elementary school students in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District steadily increased from 2014/2015 to 2018/2019 (13.1% increase, increase of 1,020 students) (Figure 133), while the number of secondary school students

195 Source: BC Government. Open Data Catalogue - Student Enrollment and FTE by Grade. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/bc-schools-student-enrolment-and-fte-by-grade 196 Independent schools within the Ladysmith-Nanaimo area include the following schools: Discover Montessori School, Nanaimo Christian School, Aspengrove School, the International High School at VIU, the High School at VIU and Stz'uminus Senior Secondary. Elementary school students are in grades k-7, while secondary school students are grades 8-12. An Independent Schools is defined 132 decreased during this period (-10.0% decrease, decrease of -674 students). The number of graduated adult students decreased between 2014/2015 and 2018/2019 (-71.4% decrease, decrease of -70 students). The total number of students increased between 2014/2015 and 2018/2019 (1.9% increase, increase of 276 students). The number of students in independent schools in the Nanaimo area increased dramatically from 2014/2015 to 2018/2019 (40.7% increase, increase of 287 students).

Figure 133: School enrollment by student type, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District (public school system) and Independent Schools in the area, 2014/2015-2018/2019 Nanaimo- Ladysmith Independent School District schools Elementary Secondary Graduated Year school students school students adults Total students Total students 2014/2015 7,758 6,733 98 14,589 706 2015/2016 8,009 5,991 15 14,015 779 2016/2017 8,347 5,960 12 14,319 828 2017/2018 8,585 6,207 23 14,815 919 2018/2019 8,778 6,059 28 14,865 993 # change, 2014/2015- 2018/2019 1,020 -674 -70 276 287 % change, 2014/2015- 2018/2019 13.1% -10.0% -71.4% 1.9% 40.7%

Between 2014/2015 and 2018/2019, the total student enrollment in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District increased by 1.9%, which was a slower rate of increase than the Central Okanagan School District (6.7% increase) and the Greater Victoria School District (3.1% increase), a similar rate of increase to the Prince George School District (2.2% increase) and a faster rate of increase than the Kamloops/Thompson School District (-9.5% decrease) (Figure 134).

Figure 134: School enrollment, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2014/2015-2018/2019

by the BC Government. Ministry of Education as "A school that is maintained and operated in British Columbia by an authority that provides an educational program to 10 or more school-aged students as outlined in the Independent School Act." Graduated adult students are defined by the BC Government as "An adult student who has either met the general requirements for graduation in British Columbia or has completed the requirements for graduation from a secondary school or high school in another jurisdiction." For more information on school definitions, please visit BC Provincial Government. Student Success. Reporting on K-12 Glossary of Terms. https://studentsuccess.gov.bc.ca/glossary

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Central Nanaimo- Okanagan Greater Victoria Kamloops/Thompson Ladysmith Prince George Year School District School District School District School District School District 2014/2015 22,166 19,923 16,874 14,589 13,098 2015/2016 22,273 19,973 14,771 14,015 13,118 2016/2017 22,961 20,207 14,641 14,319 13,182 2017/2018 22,471 20,377 14,894 14,815 13,331 2018/2019 23,649 20,540 15,266 14,865 13,381 # change, 2014/2015- 2018/2019 1,483 617 -1,608 276 283 % change, 2014/2015- 2018/2019 6.7% 3.1% -9.5% 1.9% 2.2%

Early Development Instrument results197,198 The percentage of kindergarten students who were vulnerable on the EDI domains in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District between wave 2 (2004-2007) and wave 6 (2013-2016) changed as follows (Figure 135):

197 Source: UBC (University of British Columbia). HELP (Human Early Learning Partnership). HELP Data Library. EDI Waves 2-6 (SD, LHA , NH, BC) .xlsx http://earlylearning.ubc.ca/maps/data/ 198 "The Early Development Instrument (EDI) is a questionnaire developed by Dr. Dan Offord and Dr. Magdalena Janus at the Offord Centre for Child Studies at McMaster University. The questionnaire has 104 questions and measures five core areas of early child development that are known to be good predictors of adult health, education and social outcomes: Physical Health & Well-Being, Language & Cognitive Development, Social Competence, Emotional Maturity, and Communication Skills and General Knowledge" 134

• Increased for physical domain (+2 percentage point increase), social domain (+2 percentage point increase), emotional domain (+6 percentage point increase), communication domain (+1 percentage point increase) and one or more domain (+5 percentage point increase); and, • Decreased for language domain (-3 percentage point decrease).

In wave 6 (2013-2016), the domain with the highest rate of vulnerability was the emotional domain (18% of kindergarteners were vulnerable) and the lowest rate of vulnerability was the language domain (10% of kindergarteners were vulnerable).

Figure 135: Vulnerability of kindergarten students on various EDI domain, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, for waves 2 (2004-2007) - 6 (2013- 2016)

Wave 2 (2004- Wave 3 (2007- Wave 4 (2009- Wave 5 (2011- Wave 6 (2013- Domain 2007) 2009) 2011) 2013) 2016) % vulnerable on physical domain 15% 9% 17% 18% 17% % vulnerable on social domain 15% 14% 16% 17% 17% % vulnerable on emotional domain 12% 10% 15% 17% 18% % vulnerable on language domain 13% 12% 14% 12% 10% % vulnerable on communication domain 12% 11% 12% 12% 13% % vulnerable on one or more domain 29% 28% 34% 35% 34%

In wave 6 (2013-2016), there were a higher percentage of Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District kindergarteners who were vulnerable on one or more EDI domains compared with the other school districts (Figure 136). The Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District kindergarten students also had higher rates of vulnerability during other waves except for wave 3 (when the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District kindergarteners had the same rate of vulnerability as Kamloops/Thompson School District kindergarteners).

Figure 136: Vulnerability of kindergarten students on one or more EDI domain, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, for waves 2 (2004-2007) - 6 (2013-2016)

Wave 2 (2004- Wave 3 (2007- Wave 4 (2009- Wave 5 (2011- Wave 6 (2013- School District 2007) 2009) 2011) 2013) 2016) Central Okanagan School District 27% 20% 23% 28% 27%

"EDI questionnaires are completed by kindergarten teachers from across British Columbia for all children in their classes. They are filled out in February, after teachers have had the chance to get to know their students. This ensures that teachers are able to answer the questions knowledgeably. " To learn more about EDI (Early Development Instrument), please visit UBC. HELP. EDI website: http://earlylearning.ubc.ca/edi/

135

Greater Victoria School District N/A 25% 30% 28% 28% Kamloops/Thompson School District 23% 28% 29% 31% 28% Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District 29% 28% 34% 35% 34% Prince George School District 28% 26% 32% 34% 30%

Foundation Skills Assessment (FSA) test results199,200 The average grade 4 score on the FSA math test in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District increased by 8.5 pts between 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 (Figure 137). The percentage of test writers in the lowest category (‘emerging’) decreased by -5% between 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, while the percentage of test writers in the highest category (‘extending’) stayed the same both years.

Figure 137: Grade 4 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Math Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2017/2018- 2018/2019

Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of test writers test writers on test writers Year emerging track extending Average score 2017/2018 47% 50% 3% 437.1 2018/2019 42% 55% 3% 445.6 change, 2017/2018-2018/2019 -5% 5% 0% 8.5

199 Source: BC Government. Open Data Catalogue. BC Schools - Foundation Skills Assessment. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/bc-schools-foundation-skills-assessment-fsa- 200 "The Foundation Skills Assessment is an annual province-wide assessment of all B.C. students’ academic skills in grades 4 and 7, and provides parents, teachers, schools, school districts and the Ministry of Education with important information on how well students are progressing in the foundation skills of Reading, Writing, and Numeracy." The Foundation Skills Assessment test was re-designed with a different scoring system in 2017/2018; therefore, results from before 2017/2018 are not comparable to results in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 and are not included. The definitions of emerging, on track and extending are as follows: "Emerging: Students demonstrate an initial understanding of the concepts and competencies relevant to the expected learning". "On Track: Students demonstrate a partial to complete understanding of the concepts and competencies relevant to the expected learning". "Extending: Students demonstrate a sophisticated understanding of the concepts and competencies relevant to the expected learning". For more information on the definitions and scores please read BC Government. Data Catalogue. FSA_field_definitions 2017-2018. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/bc-schools-foundation-skills-assessment-fsa-/resource/ccc5ae0c-922a-4c11-ad44- 908d6ec8a873

136

The average grade 4 score on the FSA math test in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District was 445.6 (Figure 138), which was lower than the Greater Victoria School District (487.0), the Central Okanagan School District (481.0) and the Kamloops/Thompson School District (471.0), but higher than the Prince George School District (431.3).

Figure 138: Grade 4 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Math Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2018/2019

Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of test writers test writers on test writers Geography emerging track extending Average score Central Okanagan School District 29% 67% 5% 481.0 Greater Victoria School District 26% 67% 7% 487.0 Kamloops/Thompson School District 33% 63% 5% 471.0 Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District 42% 55% 3% 445.6 Prince George School District 48% 49% 3% 431.3

The average grade 4 score on the FSA reading test in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District decreased by – 4.3 pts between 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 (Figure 139). The percentage of test writers in the lowest category (‘emerging’) increased by 3% between 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, while the percentage of test writers in the highest category (‘extending’) increased by 2%.

Figure 139: Grade 4 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Reading Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2017/2018- 2018/2019

Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of test writers test writers on test writers Year emerging track extending Average score 2017/2018 32% 60% 8% 456.5 2018/2019 35% 55% 10% 452.2 change, 2017/2018-2018/2019 3% -5% 2% -4.3

The average grade 4 score on the FSA reading test in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District was 452.2 (Figure 140), which was lower than the Greater Victoria School District (498.3), the Central Okanagan School District (487.9), the Kamloops/Thompson School District (484.0) and the Prince George School District (457.2).

Figure 140: Grade 4 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Reading Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2018/2019

Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of test writers test writers on test writers Geography emerging track extending Average score Central Okanagan School District 22% 66% 12% 487.9 Greater Victoria School District 18% 67% 16% 498.3 Kamloops/Thompson School District 22% 67% 11% 484.0 Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District 35% 55% 10% 452.2 Prince George School District 33% 59% 8% 457.2 137

The average grade 4 score on the FSA writing test in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District increased by 0.4 pts between 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 (Figure 141). The percentage of test writers in the lowest category (‘emerging’) decreased by -21% between 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, while the percentage of test writers in the highest category (‘extending’) increased by 2%.

Figure 141: Grade 4 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Writing Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2017/2018- 2018/2019

Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of test writers test writers on test writers Year emerging track extending Average score 2017/2018 31% 66% 3% 1.9 2018/2019 10% 85% 4% 2.3 change, 2017/2018-2018/2019 -21% 19% 2% 0.4

The average grade 4 score on the FSA writing test in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District was 2.3 (Figure 142), which higher than Central Okanagan School District (2.2), Kamloops/Thompson School District (2.1) and the Prince George School District (2.1) and the same as the Greater Victoria School District (2.3).

Figure 142: Grade 4 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Writing Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2018/2019

Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of test writers test writers on test writers Geography emerging track extending Average score Central Okanagan School District 11% 87% 3% 2.2 Greater Victoria School District 15% 81% 5% 2.3 Kamloops/Thompson School District 6% 94% 0% 2.1 Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District 10% 85% 4% 2.3

138

Prince George School District 20% 76% 5% 2.1

The average grade 7 score on the FSA math test in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District increased by 3.8 pts between 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 (Figure 143). The percentage of test writers in the lowest category (‘emerging’) decreased by -4% between 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, while the percentage of test writers in the highest category (‘extending’) decreased by -2%.

Figure 143: Grade 7 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Math Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2017/2018- 2018/2019

Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of test writers test writers on test writers Year emerging track extending Average score 2017/2018 46% 46% 7% 444.5 2018/2019 42% 53% 5% 448.3 change, 2017/2018-2018/2019 -4% 6% -2% 3.8

The average grade 7 score on the FSA math test in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District was 448.3 (Figure 144), which lower than the Kamloops/Thompson School District (471.1) and the Greater Victoria School District (467.3) but was higher than the Prince George School District (443.8) and the Central Okanagan School District (442.4).

Figure 144: Grade 7 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Math Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2018/2019

Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of test writers test writers on test writers Geography emerging track extending Average score Central Okanagan School District 46% 50% 5% 442.4 Greater Victoria School District 37% 53% 10% 467.3 139

Kamloops/Thompson School District 33% 58% 8% 471.1 Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District 42% 53% 5% 448.3 Prince George School District 41% 57% 2% 443.8

The average grade 7 score on the FSA reading test in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District was very similar in both 2017/2018 (461.9) and 2018/2019 (461.5) (Figure 145). The percentage of test writers in the lowest category (‘emerging’) decreased by -2% between 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, while the percentage of test writers in the highest category (‘extending’) decreased by -2%.

Figure 145: Grade 7 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Reading Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2017/2018- 2018/2019

Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of test writers test writers on test writers Year emerging track extending Average score 2017/2018 29% 66% 6% 461.9 2018/2019 27% 69% 4% 461.5 change, 2017/2018-2018/2019 -2% 4% -2% -0.4

The average grade 7 score on the FSA reading test in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District was 461.5 (Figure 146), which was lower than the Kamloops/Thompson School District (475.8), the Greater Victoria School District (473.7) and the Prince George School District (465.6) but was higher than the Central Okanagan School District (452.0).

Figure 146: Grade 7 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Reading Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2018/2019

Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of test writers test writers on test writers Geography emerging track extending Average score Central Okanagan School District 31% 67% 2% 452.0 Greater Victoria School District 25% 70% 5% 473.7 Kamloops/Thompson School District 22% 74% 4% 475.8 140

Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District 27% 69% 4% 461.5 Prince George School District 24% 73% 3% 465.6

The average grade 7 score on the FSA writing test in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District was the same in both 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 (both 2.3) (Figure 147). The percentage of test writers in the lowest category (‘emerging’) increased by 7% between 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, while the percentage of test writers in the highest category (‘extending’) increased by 4%.

Figure 147: Grade 7 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Writing Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2017/2018- 2018/2019

Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of test writers test writers on test writers Year emerging track extending Average score 2017/2018 10% 85% 5% 2.3 2018/2019 17% 74% 9% 2.3 change, 2017/2018-2018/2019 7% -10% 4% 0.0

The average grade 7 score on the FSA writing test in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District was 2.3 (Figure 148), which was lower than the Central Okanagan School District (2.4), but the same as the other school districts.

Figure 148: Grade 7 students' performance on Foundational Skills Assessment Writing Test, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2018/2019

Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of test writers test writers on test writers Geography emerging track extending Average score Central Okanagan School District 9% 83% 7% 2.4 Greater Victoria School District 10% 84% 6% 2.3 Kamloops/Thompson School District 8% 89% 3% 2.3

141

Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District 17% 74% 9% 2.3 Prince George School District 16% 77% 7% 2.3

High school graduation – all students and Aboriginal students201,202 The six-year graduation rate for all students in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District was slightly lower in 2017/2018 (71.1%) (Figure 149) than in other years (2013/2014, 2014/2015, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017). In 2017/2018, the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District had a much lower six-year graduation rate than the Greater Victoria School District (87.5%), the Central Okanagan School District (84.7%), the Kamloops/Thompson School District (83.7%) and the Prince George School District (79.7%).

Figure 149: Six-year graduation rate for students (year six of cohort), Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2013/2014-2017/2018 Central Greater Nanaimo- Okanagan Victoria Kamloops/Thompson Ladysmith Prince George Year School District School District School District School District School District 2013/2014 88.3% 85.3% 82.8% 72.5% 72.3% 2014/2015 84.6% 87.4% 82.0% 73.2% 73.9% 2015/2016 85.4% 87.2% 82.0% 72.6% 73.9% 2016/2017 84.7% 86.8% 85.3% 72.4% 73.2% 2017/2018 84.7% 87.5% 83.7% 71.1% 79.7%

The six-year graduation rate for Aboriginal students in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District was higher in 2017/2018 (62.5%) (Figure 150) than in 2014/2015, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017, but lower than in 2013/2014. In 2017/2018, the six-

201 Source: BC Government. Open Data Catalogue. BC Schools - Six Year Completion Rate. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/bc-schools-six-year-completion-rate 202 Note: "The six-year completion rate is defined as the cohort of students who obtained their Dogwood diploma within 6 years of entering grade 8 for the first time". For more information on the six-year completion rate, please visit BC Government. Open Data Catalogue. BC Schools - Six Year Completion Rate. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/bc-schools-six-year-completion-rate "Aboriginal students are students who have self-identified as being of Aboriginal ancestry (First Nations: status and non-status, Metis and Inuit)". For more information, please read BC Ministry of Education. Glossary. http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/reporting/glossary.php

142 year graduation rate for Aboriginal students in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District was lower than in the Kamloops/Thompson School District (78.2%), Central Okanagan School District (78.1%) and the Prince George School District (65.8%), but was higher than the Greater Victoria School District (58.7%).

Figure 150: Six-year graduation rate for Aboriginal students (year six of cohort), Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2013/2014-2017/2018 Central Greater Nanaimo- Okanagan Victoria Kamloops/Thompson Ladysmith Prince George Year School District School District School District School District School District 2013/2014 72.9% 64.5% 68.7% 63.9% 48.8% 2014/2015 74.8% 57.3% 73.0% 57.7% 60.5% 2015/2016 73.8% 56.0% 75.6% 56.4% 62.2% 2016/2017 76.9% 64.6% 78.5% 52.1% 57.3% 2017/2018 78.1% 58.7% 78.2% 62.5% 65.8%

Vancouver Island University enrollment203,204

The number of full-time equivalent students (FTEs) at the Nanaimo Campus of Vancouver Island University increased from 6,888 FTEs in 2013/2014 to 7,212 FTEs in 2017/2018 (Error! Reference source not found.), an increase of 324 FTEs (4.7% increase).

Figure 151: Number of students-full-time equivalents (FTEs), Vancouver Island University - Nanaimo campus, 2013/2014-2017/2018 academic years Year Number of FTEs 2013/2014 6,888 2014/2015 6,884 2015/2016 7,008 2016/2017 7,010 2017/2018 7,212 Change, 2013/2014-2017/2018 324 % change, 2013/2014-2017/2018 4.7%

In 2017/2018, 74% of students at Vancouver Island University were domestic non-indigenous students, 11% of students were domestic indigenous students, and 15% of students were international students.

203 Source: Vancouver Island University. Facts on-line. https://adm.viu.ca/university-planning-analysis/facts-online-enrolment 204 Note: Time period is based on academic year (September 1 to August 31). 143

Vancouver Island University credentials205,206 The number of credentials awarded by Vancouver Island University increased between 2014/2015 and 2017/2018 for every type of credential (Figure 152). The fastest increase between 2014/2015 and 2017/2018 by credential type was for graduate and first professional degrees (27.4% increase) and certificates (16.3% increase).

Figure 152: Number of credentials awarded, by credential type, Vancouver Island University, 2014/2015-2017/2018 academic years Graduate and first Total professional Bachelors Developmental credentials Year degrees degrees Diplomas Certificates credentials awarded 2014/2015 365 790 360 950 870 3,335 2015/2016 380 755 405 1,005 795 3,340 2016/2017 335 795 380 990 810 3,310 2017/2018 465 870 410 1,105 875 3,725 Change, 2014/2015- 2017/2018 100 80 50 155 5 390 % change, 2014/2015- 2017/2018 27.4% 10.1% 13.9% 16.3% 0.6% 11.7%

205 Source: BC Government. Ministry of Advanced Education, Skills and Training. Post-Secondary Central Data Warehouse. Credentials awarded (pdf). https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/education/post-secondary-education/data-research/standard_reports_credentials_totals.pdf 206 Note: Time period is based on academic year (September 1 to August 31). Graduate and First Professional Category includes Doctorate, Masters Degree, Graduate Diploma, Graduate Certificate, Post-degree Certificate and First Professional Degree. Diploma category includes Advanced Diploma, Associate Degree and Diploma. Certificate category includes Advanced Certificate and Certificate. Developmental certificates are awarded upon completion of a developmental program (high school diploma, ESL certificate). Selected universities include Capilano University, Emily Carr University of Art and Design, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Royal Roads University, Thompson Rivers University, University of the Fraser Valley, and Vancouver Island University. This report from the Ministry of Advanced Education, Skills and Training does not include UBC, UVIC, SFU and UNBC. 144

The number of credentials awarded by Vancouver Island University increased by 11.7% (+390 credentials awarded) between 2014/2015 and 2017/2018 (Figure 153), with a very strong increase between 2016/2017 (3,310 credentials awarded) to 2017/2018 (3,725 credentials awarded). During the 2014/2015 – 2017/2018 time period, the number of credentials in selected BC universities overall decreased (-285 credentials awarded, -1.9% decrease).

Figure 153: Number of credentials awarded, Vancouver Island University and selected BC universities, 2014/2015-2017/2018 academic years

Year Vancouver Island University Selected BC universities 2014/2015 3,335 14,795 2015/2016 3,340 15,295 2016/2017 3,310 14,125 2017/2018 3,725 14,510 Change, 2014/2015-2017/2018 390 -285 % change, 2014/2015- 2017/2018 11.7% -1.9%

145

Highest education levels achieved by main working age population207,208 Educational achievement increased in the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration between 2006 and 2016 (Figure 154), with the percentage of main working age residents without any certificate, diploma or degree decreasing from 13.2% in 2006 to 10.0% in 2016 and the percentage of main working age residents with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree increasing from 60.3% in 2006 to 61.4% in 2016.

Figure 154: Total main working age (25-64 year old) residents by highest level of education achieved, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration, 2006- 2016

Highest level of education achieved 2006 2016 # % # % No certificate, diploma or degree 6,505 13.2% 5,455 10.0% Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate 13,065 26.5% 15,510 28.6% Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 29,705 60.3% 33,350 61.4% Total main working age residents (25-64 years old) 49,275 100.0% 54,320 100.0%

The percentage of Nanaimo Census Agglomeration’s main working age (25-64 year old) residents without any certificate, diploma or degree was 10.0% in 2016 (Figure 155), which was higher than the Kamloops Census Agglomeration (9.1%), the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area (8.4%) and the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area (7.3%), but lower than the Prince George Census Agglomeration (14.1%). The percentage of Nanaimo Census Agglomeration main working age residents with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree (61.4%) was similar to the Kamloops Census Agglomeration (61.1%), higher than the Prince George Census Agglomeration (55.7%), and lower than the Kelowna Census Metropolitan Area (63.0%) and the Victoria Census Metropolitan Area (67.9%).

The most common highest level of post-secondary education achieved by the Nanaimo Census Agglomeration’s main working age population was College, CEGEP or non-university certificate or diploma (22.5% of main working age population), followed by Bachelor’s degree (14.7%).

207 Source: 2006 data: Statistics Canada. 2006 Community Profiles. Comprehensive Download Files. Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/index.cfm?Lang=E 2016 data: Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 98-401-X2016042. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/download-telecharger/comp/page_dl-tc.cfm?Lang=E 208 Notes: Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product. For more information on highest level of education achieved, please consult the Statistics Canada. 2016 Census. Education reference guide. Post-secondary certificate includes apprenticeship or trades certificate, College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate, university certificate or diploma below a Bachelor's Degree, Bachelor's Degree, university certificate or degree above a Bachelor's level, Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry, Master's degree, Earned Doctorate. 146

Figure 155: Total main working age (25-64 year old) residents by highest level of education achieved, Nanaimo Census Agglomeration and other urban areas, 2016 Kelowna Victoria Highest level of Nanaimo Kamloops Census Prince George Census education Census Census Metropolitan Census Metropolitan achieved Agglomeration Agglomeration Area Agglomeration Area # % % % % % No certificate, diploma or degree 5,455 10.0% 9.1% 8.4% 14.1% 7.3% Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate 15,510 28.6% 29.8% 28.6% 30.3% 24.8% Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 33,350 61.4% 61.1% 63.0% 55.7% 67.9% Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 6,150 11.3% 12.8% 11.6% 13.0% 8.7% College, CEGEP or other non- university certificate or diploma 12,200 22.5% 21.9% 26.9% 21.8% 22.5% University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 2,830 5.2% 5.2% 3.2% 2.4% 3.0% Bachelor's degree 8,005 14.7% 14.4% 14.1% 12.5% 21.4% University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 830 1.5% 1.7% 1.6% 1.0% 2.1% Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 395 0.7% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.9% Master's degree 2,510 4.6% 3.8% 4.0% 3.8% 7.8% Earned doctorate 435 0.8% 0.6% 0.8% 0.6% 1.6% Total main working age residents (25-64 years old) 54,320 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

147

Aboriginal enrollment – public schools209,210 In 2018/2019, there were 2,620 Aboriginal students in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, or 1 more Aboriginal student than in 2014/2015 (Figure 156). Aboriginal students composed 17.6% of all Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District students in 2018/2019, which was slightly lower than in 2014/2015 (18.0%).

Figure 156: Number of Aboriginal Students (and as a percentage of all students), Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, 2014/2015-2018/2019 School Years

Aboriginal students as Number of Aboriginal a percentage of all Year Number of students students students 2014/2015 14,589 2,619 18.0% 2015/2016 14,015 2,568 18.3% 2016/2017 14,319 2,575 18.0% 2017/2018 14,815 2,615 17.7% 2018/2019 14,865 2,620 17.6% # change, 2014/2015-2018/2019 276 1 -0.3% % change, 2014/2015-2018/2019 1.9% 0.0% N/A In 2018/2019, Aboriginal students composed 17.6% of Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District students (Figure 157), which was higher than in the Central Okanagan and Greater Victoria School Districts, but lower than in the Kamloops/Thompson and Prince George School Districts.

Figure 157: Number of Aboriginal Students (and as a percentage of all students), Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2018/2019

Aboriginal students as Number of Aboriginal a percentage of all School District Number of students students students Central Okanagan 23,649 3,000 12.7% Greater Victoria 20,540 1,681 8.2% Kamloops/Thompson 15,266 3,042 19.9% Nanaimo-Ladysmith 14,865 2,620 17.6% Prince George 13,381 3,927 29.3%

209 Sources: Statistics: BC Government. Open Data Catalogue - Student Enrollment and FTE by Grade. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/bc-schools-student-enrolment-and-fte-by-grade Aboriginal education information for Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District: Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District. Aboriginal Education. https://www.sd68.bc.ca/programs/aboriginal-education/ 210 Notes: Total student headcounts include elementary school students, secondary school students, and graduated adult students. Aboriginal students are defined as follows: "A student who has voluntarily self-identified as being of Aboriginal ancestry. This includes First Nation (both Status and non-Status), on reserve and off reserve, Inuit and Métis students." For more information on definitions please visit BC Provincial Government. Student Success. Reporting on K-12 Glossary of Terms. https://studentsuccess.gov.bc.ca/glossary 148

The Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District describes the many initiatives around Aboriginal education within their School District: “At least one Aboriginal Education staff member in every elementary school Aboriginal Education teams at every secondary school that includes: 1 teacher and 1 – 3 Aboriginal education assistants. The Leaders for Learning Executive Group (formerly known as the Aboriginal Education Leadership Council) is made up of representatives from the three land-based First Nations: Snuneymuxw, Stz’uminus, and Snaw-Naw-As; and the Tillicum Lelum Aboriginal Friendship Centre and Mid-Island Metis Nation, along with the Nanaimo Ladysmith Public Schools Aboriginal Education. The Group meet monthly to receive and discuss updates on key activities in the district and to share information about the communities and organizations they represent. Currently we (the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District) are able to offer Hul’qumi’num instruction at John Barsby, Ladysmith Secondary, Bayview Elementary and Georgia Avenue Elementary."

Aboriginal education at Vancouver Island University211 As per the Vancouver Island University website:

“There are more than 1,400 students who identify as Aboriginal studying at VIU – roughly 10 per cent of the total student population – and Services for Aboriginal Students has organized a separate recognition ceremony for them for nearly a dozen years. In 2016-17, more than 185 students who self-identify as Aboriginal graduated from degree, diploma and certificate programs, and several dozen students came to the Aboriginal Graduation Ceremony in the Malaspina Theatre on VIU’s Nanaimo Campus.

Shq'apthut - A Gathering Place on the Nanaimo campus is the home of Services for Aboriginal Students (SAS). All campus community members are welcome at Shq’apthut. It is a gathering place and home away from home for First Nations, Status, Non-Status, Métis, and Inuit students. Elders-in-Residence are available at Shq’apthut five days a week to assist you with matters that arise at each stage of your student experience. Shq’apthut is also a place where cultural, academic, recreational, and social activities are promoted and celebrated. There are numerous feasts, success workshops, and other community events that we encourage all students to participate in throughout the year.

211 Sources: For Aboriginal program graduation: Vancouver Island University News. "VIU's Aboriginal Students Celebrate Achievements at Graduation Ceremony". April 28, 2017. https://news.viu.ca/vius-aboriginal-students-celebrate-achievements-graduation-ceremony For Aboriginal-focussed degree, diploma and certificate programs at Vancouver Island University: Vancouver Island University. Programs. First Nations. https://www.viu.ca/programs/first-nations and Vancouver Island University. Aboriginal University Bridging Program Certificate. https://www.viu.ca/programs/academic-career-preparation/aboriginal-university-bridging-program-certificate For Vancouver Island University Elders information: Vancouver Island University. Elders at VIU. https://aboriginal.viu.ca/elders-viu For Shaqapthut information: Vancouver Island University. Shqapthut. https://aboriginal.viu.ca/shqapthut

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At Vancouver Island University (VIU) our Elders are one of our most valuable resources. They provide counselling, support and guidance to all students at VIU. You will often hear the students referring to the Elders as "Auntie" or “Uncle”, which is a sign of both affection and respect. Vancouver Island University Elders are active in a variety of areas encompassing student support, classroom instruction, teaching traditional protocols and cross-cultural sharing. The Elders-in-Residence program is a multifaceted initiative supporting, but not limited to, the following:

• Support and use of Indigenous knowledge and Aboriginal languages within VIU; • Support for all learners by offering traditional knowledge and spiritual guidance; • Assist in the area of access and retention of Aboriginal learners in post-secondary education by having a presence within the institution; • Assist faculty, staff and administration to build capacity in areas of cultural knowledge and understanding.”

There are five Elders at the Nanaimo Campus of the Vancouver Island University.

Aboriginal-focused degree, diploma and certificate programs at Vancouver Island University include: Indigenous/Xwulmuxw Studies Bachelor Degree, Child and Youth Care First Nations Diploma, Aboriginal University Bridging Program Certificate, Aboriginal Construction Certificate, Arts One-First Nations Certificate, British Columbia First Nations Building Inspector Certificate, Business Fundamentals for Aboriginal Communities Certificate, Community Health Promotion for Aboriginal Communities Certificate, and First Nations Housing Manager Certificate."

Vancouver Island University tuition waiver program212 As per the Vancouver Island University website:

“Vancouver Island University was the first post-secondary institution in British Columbia to launch a Youth in Care Tuition Waiver program – which waives tuition for eligible students who have grown up in the care system. This program is the first step in overcoming financial barriers that make it difficult for these students to consider and achieve success in higher education. VIU welcomed 16 students into the program in 2013 and each year that number has grown. For the academic year 2016/2017 VIU will have 70 students supported in the Tuition Waiver program, a significant achievement.”

212 Source: Vancouver Island University. Tuition Waiver Program. https://adm.viu.ca/tuition-waiver 150

Safety and security

Crime rate213,214 Among the Nanaimo area police jurisdictions, the area served by the Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) had the highest crime rates in both 2013 and 2018, while the area served by the Nanaimo RCMP (Rural) had the lowest crime rate in 2013 and the area served by Gabriola Island RCMP had the lowest crime rate in 2018 (Figure 158). The crime rate decreased for the Gabriola Island RCMP service area between 2013 and 2018, while the crime rate increased for the Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) and Nanaimo RCMP (Rural) service areas during this period.

Figure 158: Overall crime rate (per 100,000 residents), Nanaimo area police jurisdictions, 2013 and 2018 2013 crime rate 2018 crime rate Change in crime per 100,000 per 100,000 Change in crime rate (2013-2018) Police jurisdiction residents residents rate (2013-2018) (%) Gabriola Island RCMP 4,425 3,484 -941 -21.3% Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) 10,067 11,471 1,404 13.9% Nanaimo RCMP (Rural) 3,113 4,626 1,513 48.6% The Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) served area had a crime rate of 11,471 crimes per 100,000 residents in 2018 (Figure 159), which was the second highest out of the five compared urban areas. Four out of the five urban areas had crime rate increases between 2013 and 2018, including the area served by the Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) (a 13.9% increase).

Figure 159: Overall crime rate (per 100,000 residents), Nanaimo RCMP and police services for other urban areas, 2013 and 2018 2013 crime rate per 2018 crime rate per Change in crime Change in crime rate (2013- Police jurisdiction 100,000 residents 100,000 residents rate (2013-2018) 2018) (%) Kamloops RCMP (Municipal) 10,909 10,731 -179 -1.6% Kelowna RCMP (Municipal) 9,240 11,051 1,811 19.6% Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) 10,067 11,471 1,404 13.9% Prince George RCMP (Municipal) 14,288 15,281 994 7.0% Victoria Municipal Police 9,392 10,870 1,479 15.7% Motor vehicle theft215,216 Among the Nanaimo area police jurisdictions, the area served by the Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) had the highest motor vehicle theft rate in both 2013 and 2018, with the Gabriola Island RCMP service area having the lowest rate in both 2013

213 Source: Statistics Canada. Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations, police services in British Columbia. Table: 35-10- 0184-01 (formerly CANSIM 252-0081). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3510018401 Data originally from Uniform Crime Reporting Survey 214 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Crime rate includes drug violations, property crime, violent crime, criminal traffic/driving offenses, and other criminal offenses. Crime data was not available for the Ladysmith RCMP Service Area from the source data. 215 Source: Statistics Canada. Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations, police services in British Columbia. Table: 35-10- 0184-01 (formerly CANSIM 252-0081). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3510018401 Data originally from Uniform Crime Reporting Survey 216 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence 151 and 2018 (Figure 160). Between 2013 and 2018, the motor vehicle theft rate decreased in the Gabriola Island RCMP service area but increased in the service areas served by the Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) and Nanaimo RCMP (Rural).

Figure 160: Motor vehicle theft rate (per 100,000 residents), Nanaimo area police jurisdictions, 2013 and 2018 2013 motor 2018 motor vehicle theft rate vehicle theft rate Change in motor Change in motor per 100,000 per 100,000 vehicle theft vehicle theft rate Police jurisdiction residents residents rate (2013-2018) (2013-2018) (%) Gabriola Island RCMP 49 46 -3 -6.7% Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) 253 324 71 28.0% Nanaimo RCMP (Rural) 92 200 108 116.6% The Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) served area had a motor vehicle theft rate of 324 per 100,000 residents in 2018 (Figure 161), which was the third highest out of the five compared urban areas. Four out of the five urban areas, including the Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) served area (a 28.0% increase), had increases in the motor vehicle theft rates between 2013 and 2018.

Figure 161: Motor vehicle theft rate (per 100,000 residents), Nanaimo RCMP and police services for other urban areas, 2013 and 2018 2013 motor 2018 motor vehicle theft rate vehicle theft rate Change in motor Change in motor per 100,000 per 100,000 vehicle theft vehicle theft rate Police jurisdiction residents residents rate (2013-2018) (2013-2018) (%) Kamloops RCMP (Municipal) 305 191 -114 -37.4% Kelowna RCMP (Municipal) 244 418 174 71.6% Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) 253 324 71 28.0% Prince George RCMP (Municipal) 322 447 125 38.9% Victoria Municipal Police 126 196 70 55.4% Drug offenses217,218 Among the Nanaimo area police jurisdictions, the area served by the Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) had the highest drug offense rates in both 2013 and 2018 and the Gabriola Island RCMP served area had the lowest drug offense rates (Figure 162). All service areas saw large declines in drug offense rates between 2013 and 2018.

Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Motor vehicle theft rates may vary considerably year over year in rural areas (e.g., Gabriola Island and Rural Nanaimo) with small populations and small total numbers of motor vehicle thefts. Crime data was not available for the Ladysmith RCMP Service Area from the source data. 217 Source: Statistics Canada. Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations, police services in British Columbia. Table: 35-10- 0184-01 (formerly CANSIM 252-0081). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3510018401 Data originally from Uniform Crime Reporting Survey 218 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Drug violations include possession, trafficking, production, and distribution. Drugs include cannabis, cocaine and other Controlled Drugs and Substance Act Drugs. Rates of drug offenses may vary considerably from year to year in rural areas due to small populations used for rate calculations and relatively small number of offenses. Crime data was not available for the Ladysmith RCMP Service Area from the source data. Cannabis was legalized by the Government of Canada on October 17, 2018, which makes earlier data and 152

Figure 162: Drug offense rate (per 100,000 residents), Nanaimo area police jurisdictions, 2013 and 2018 Change in drug Change in drug 2013 drug offense rate 2018 drug offense rate per offense rate offense rate Police jurisdiction per 100,000 residents 100,000 residents (2013-2018) (2013-2018) (%) Gabriola Island RCMP 371 23 -348 -93.8% Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) 666 424 -242 -36.4% Nanaimo RCMP (Rural) 291 100 -191 -65.7% The Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) served area had a drug offense rate of 424 per 100,000 residents in 2018 (Figure 163), which was the second lowest drug offense rate out of the five urban areas. All of the compared urban areas had large increases in drug offense rates between 2013 and 2018.

Figure 163: Drug offense rate (per 100,000 residents), Nanaimo RCMP and police services for other urban areas, 2013 and 2018 2018 drug 2013 drug offense offense rate per Change in drug Change in drug rate per 100,000 100,000 offense rate offense rate Police jurisdiction residents residents (2013-2018) (2013-2018) (%) Kamloops RCMP (Municipal) 949 680 -269 -28.4% Kelowna RCMP (Municipal) 1,047 866 -181 -17.3% Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) 666 424 -242 -36.4% Prince George RCMP (Municipal) 699 879 180 25.7% Victoria Municipal Police 627 202 -425 -67.8%

The drug offense rate for cannabis offenses in the area served by the Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) dropped very strongly from 463 offenses per 100,000 residents in 2013 to 133 offenses per 100,000 residents in 2018 (Figure 164). During the same period, the rate of non-cannabis offenses per 100,000 residents rose sharply from 203 in 2013 to 290 in 2018.

Figure 164: Cannabis and non-cannabis offense rate (per 100,000 residents), Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal), 2013 and 2018 2018 drug 2013 drug offense offense rate per Change in drug Change in drug rate per 100,000 100,000 offense rate offense rate Type of drug offense residents residents (2013-2018) (2013-2018) (%) Cannabis offenses 463 133 -330 -71.2% Non-cannabis offenses 203 290 87 42.8% In the first 9.5 months of 2018 (pre Cannabis legalization), Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) recorded 128 Cannabis offenses, whereas just three cannabis offenses were recorded in the final 2.5 months of 2018 (post Cannabis legalization).

2018 data incomparable. Source: Government of Canada. Department of Justice. Cannabis Legalization and Regulation. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/cj-jp/cannabis/ 153

Juvenile violent crime rate219,220 The Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) served area had 1,013 youth charged with violent crime offenses per 100,000 youth (12-17 years old) in 2018, the highest rate out of the five urban areas (Figure 165). Three out of the five urban areas, including the Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) served area (a 21.5% increase), had increases in the rates of youth charged with violent crime between 2013 and 2018.

Figure 165: Number of youth charged with violent crime offenses (per 100,000 youth 12-17 years old), Nanaimo RCMP and police services for other urban areas, 2013 and 2018 2013 youth 2018 youth Change in rate of Change in rate of charged with charged with youth charged youth charged violent crime violent crime with violent with violent offenses per offenses per crime (2013- crime (2013- Police jurisdiction 100,000 youth 100,000 youth 2018) 2018) (%) Kamloops RCMP (Municipal) 489 523 34 7.0% Kelowna RCMP (Municipal) 420 253 -167 -39.8% Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) 833 1,013 180 21.5% Prince George RCMP (Municipal) 1,282 772 -510 -39.8% Victoria Municipal Police 500 684 185 37.0% Crime Severity Index221,222 Among the Nanaimo area police jurisdictions, the area served by the Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) had the highest Crime Severity Index in both 2013 and 2018, while the Gabriola Island RCMP served area had the lowest Crime Severity Index

219 Source: Statistics Canada. Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations, police services in British Columbia. Table: 35-10- 0184-01 (formerly CANSIM 252-0081). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3510018401 Data originally from Uniform Crime Reporting Survey 220 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. Due to small populations, of youth and small numbers of violent crimes committed by youth in some rural communities, the number of violent crimes committed by youth might vary considerably year over year and often represent very small numerical increase in violent crime (e.g., 2 violent crimes committed by youth compared with 1 violent crime committed by a youth). Therefore, violent crime rates for youth for rural areas (Gabriola Island, Nanaimo RCMP (Rural), and Ladysmith) were not analyzed for this report. 221 Source: Statistics Canada. Crime severity index and weighted clearance rates, police services in British Columbia. Table: 35-10- 0063-01 (formerly CANSIM 252-0089) https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3510006301 Data originally from Uniform Crime Reporting Survey 222 Use of Statistics Canada data is governed by the Statistics Canada. Open Licence Agreement. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/licence Data is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of Statistics Canada. This value-added analysis is adapted based on Statistics Canada data. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this value-added product. “The Crime Severity Index (CSI) measures changes in the level of severity of crime in Canada from year to year. In the index, all crimes are assigned a weight based on their seriousness. The level of seriousness is based on actual sentences handed down by the courts in all provinces and territories. More serious crimes are assigned higher weights, less serious offences lower weights. As a result, more serious offences have a greater impact on changes in the index. The PRCSI is standardized to 100 in base year 2006. CSI weights are 154 in 2013 and the Nanaimo RCMP (Rural) served area had the lowest Crime Severity Index in 2018. (Figure 166). Between 2013 and 2018, the Crime Severity Index increased in the Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) and Nanaimo RCMP (Rural) service areas, but decreased in the Gabriola Island (RCMP) served area.

Figure 166: Crime severity index, Nanaimo area police jurisdictions, 2013 and 2018 Change in crime 2013 crime 2018 crime severity index Police jurisdiction severity index severity index (2013-2018) Gabriola Island RCMP 59 38 -21 Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) 103 118 15 Nanaimo RCMP (Rural) 35 52 17 The Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) served area had a Crime Severity Index of 118 in 2018 (Figure 167) which was the third highest out of the five urban areas. Four out of the five urban areas, including the Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) served area (a 14.4% increase), had increases in the Crime Severity Index between 2013 and 2018. All of the comparison urban areas had higher crime severity rates in both 2013 and 2018 than British Columbia as a whole.

Figure 167: Crime severity index, Nanaimo RCMP and police services for other urban areas, 2013 and 2018 Change in crime 2013 crime 2018 crime severity index Police jurisdiction severity index severity index (2013-2018) Kamloops RCMP (Municipal) 110 101 -9 Kelowna RCMP (Municipal) 99 119 19 Nanaimo RCMP (Municipal) 103 118 15 Prince George RCMP (Municipal) 134 164 30 Victoria Municipal Police 101 117 16 British Columbia 88 88 0

Fatal crashes223,224 The number of fatal victims of motor vehicle accidents in the City of Nanaimo was between 4 and 6 in four out of the five years reviewed (Figure 168), with 2016 having many more fatalities due to motor vehicle accidents (10) than the other years.

Figure 168: Number of fatal victims of motor vehicle accidents, City of Nanaimo, 2013-2017 Number of fatal Year victims 2013 6 updated using data from the Integrated Criminal Courts Survey (ICCS) every 5 years. 2017 marks the second update to the CSI weights since 1998. 2013 revised and 2018 CSI data are presented here using the updated weights and may have a marginal impact on the CSI data itself..” Crime data was not available for the Ladysmith RCMP Service Area from the source data. 223 Source: ICBC (Insurance Corporation of British Columbia). Fatal Victims by Year by Month by Role by Age Range (2013 to 2017). https://public.tableau.com/profile/icbc#!/vizhome/FatalVictims2/FatalvictimsbyYearbyMonthbyrolebyAgeRange Population average (2013-2017) is based on BC Stats. Population Estimates. Municipalities, Regional Districts and Development Regions. 2011 to 2018 (XLSX). https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population-community/population/population-estimates 224 As per ICBC website: "Fatal victim refers to a road use who died within 30 days after the date when an injury was sustained in a crash involving at least one motor vehicle. Excludes roads where the Motor Vehicle Act does not apply, such as forest-service roads, industrial roads and private driveways. Also excludes off-road snowmobile crashes, homicides and suicides." 155

2014 4 2015 6 2016 10 2017 5 Between 2013 and 2017, just over half of all fatal victims of motor vehicle accidents in the City of Nanaimo (17 out of 31 victims or 54.8% of victims) were drivers (Figure 169), with the next largest number of victims being pedestrians (9 victims).

Figure 169: Number of fatal victims of motor vehicle accidents by role in accident, City of Nanaimo, 2013-2017 Number of fatal Percentage of Role victims fatal victims Driver 17 54.8% Passenger 1 3.2% Pedestrian 9 29.0% Cyclist 3 9.7% Other 1 3.2% Total 31 100.0%

The City of Nanaimo had an average of 6.2 fatal victims of motor vehicle accidents between 2013 and 2017 (Figure 170), which was the second highest out of any of the cities after Prince George. The City of Nanaimo had an average of 6.7 fatal victims per 100,000 residents per year between 2013 and 2017, which was similar to the rate in Kamloops, lower than the rate in Prince George and higher than the rates in Kelowna and Victoria.

Figure 170: Number of fatal victims (per 100,000 residents) of motor vehicle accidents, City of Nanaimo and other main cities in urban areas, 2013-2017 Average Average number Average number population of fatal victims of fatal victims during 2013- per 100,000 City per year 2017 period residents Kamloops 5.8 92,705 6.3 Kelowna 4.6 128,376 3.6 Nanaimo 6.2 91,890 6.7 Prince George 7.6 77,255 9.8 Victoria 1.2 88,236 1.4

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Bullying225,226 In 2015/2016 in the Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District, the highest proportion of students who were bullied, teased, or picked on many times were in grades 3 and 4 (11.6% of grade 3 and 4 students were bullied, teased or picked on many times), while the lowest proportion of students were in grade 12 (6.0% of grade 12 students were bullied, teased, or picked on many times) (Figure 171). The proportion of students being picked on increased notably for grade 3 and 4 and grade 10 students between 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, while staying approximately the same both years for grade 7 students and decreasing slightly for grade 12 students.

Figure 171: Number and percentage of students who reported being bullied, teased or picked on many times at school, by grade, Nanaimo- Ladysmith School District, 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 2014/2015 2015/2016 #of students % of students #of students % of students who were who were who were who were bullied, bullied, bullied, bullied, # of students teased, or teased, or # of students teased, or teased, or who answered picked on picked on who answered picked on picked on Grade the survey many times many times the survey many times many times Grade 3/4 805 74 9.2% 911 106 11.6% Grade 7 724 72 9.9% 791 81 10.2%

225 Source: BC Government. Open Data Catalogue. Student Satisfaction Survey. Consolidated. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/bc-schools-satisfaction-survey-consolidated 226 Based on students who responded to the student satisfaction survey and answered 'many times or all of the time' to the question about how often students were bullied, teased on picked on at school. The school districts were matched as closely to the geographies of the main cities within the comparison urban areas as follows: Central Okanagan (similar to Kelowna), Greater Victoria (similar to Victoria), Kamloops/Thompson (similar to Kamloops), Nanaimo-Ladysmith (similar to Nanaimo) and Prince George (similar to Prince George). 157

Grade 10 686 46 6.7% 683 61 8.9% Grade 12 484 32 6.6% 480 29 6.0% Total 2,699 224 8.3% 2,865 277 9.7%

In 2015/2016, 9.7% of Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District students reported being bullied, teased or picked on many times (Figure 172), which was similar to the Kamloops-Thompson and Prince George school districts and higher than the Central Okanagan and Greater Victoria school districts.

Figure 172: Number and percentage of students who reported being bullied, teased or picked on many times at school, grades 3, 4, 7, 10 and 12 results combined, Nanaimo-Ladysmith School District and comparison school districts, 2015/2016 #of students who were % of students who were # of students who answered bullied, teased, or picked on bullied, teased, or picked on School District the survey many times many times Central Okanagan 4,690 396 8.4% Greater Victoria 3,395 206 6.1% Kamloops-Thompson 3,469 321 9.3% Nanaimo-Ladysmith 2,865 277 9.7% Prince George 2,471 249 10.1%

Children in care227,228 The number of children (0-18 years old) in government care per 1,000 children (0-18 years old) in the Nanaimo Local Health Area was very similar in both 2012 (15.1 per 1,000 children) and 2017 (15.3 per 1,000 children) (Figure 173).

Figure 173: Number of children (0-18 years old) in government care per 1,000 children (0-18 years old), Nanaimo Local Health Area, 2012 and 2017 Year Number of children in care per 1,000 children 2012 15.1 2017 15.3 Change in rate 0.2 Change in rate (%) 1.3% The number of children (0-18 years old) in government care per 1,000 children (0-18 years old) in the Nanaimo Local Health Area in 2012 (15.1) was lower than for the Kamloops (17.2) and Prince George (17.0) local health areas but higher than the Central Okanagan (9.0) and Greater Victoria (10.3) local health areas (Figure 174).

227 Source: For 2017 data for Nanaimo Local Health Area. Vancouver Island Health Authority. Local Health Area Profiles. Nanaimo Local Health Area. https://www.islandhealth.ca/about-us/medical-health-office/population-health-statistics/local-health-area-profiles For 2012 data for local health areas: Provincial Health Services Authority. BC Community Health Atlas. http://communityhealth.phsa.ca/Home/HealthAtlas 228 2017 data wasn't readily available for the local health areas other than Victoria and Nanaimo, so 2012 data was used for comparison between the urban areas. The local health areas that most closely correspond to the urban areas analyzed are: Central Okanagan (similar to Kelowna), Greater Nanaimo (similar to Nanaimo), Greater Victoria (similar to Victoria), Kamloops (similar to Kamloops) and Prince George (similar to Prince George). Children age 0 to 18 that are taken into care by the provincial child care authorities. Includes all children in care, including Ministry cases, delegated Aboriginal Agencies cases, and Community Living BC cases. 158

Figure 174: Number of children (0-18 years old) in government care per 1,000 children (0-18 years old), Nanaimo Local Health Area and comparison Local Health Areas, 2012 Local Health Area Number of children in care per 1,000 children Central Okanagan 9.0 Greater Victoria 10.3 Kamloops 17.2 Nanaimo 15.1 Prince George 17.0

159