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TITLE What Will Happen if . . . A Programmed Instruction Course on Drugs and Their Effects. INSTITUTION Health Services and Mental Health Administration (DHEW), Bethesda, Md. REPORT NO DHEW-HSM-72-9134 PUB DATE 72 NOTE 54p. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Stock No. 1724-0233, $0.55)

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS Drug Abuse; *Drug Education; Health Education; *Instructional Materials; Programed Instruction; *Programed Texts; *Secondary Grades; Social Studies; *Units of Study (rubject Fields) ABSTRACT Developed by the National Institute of Mental Health, this booklet offers a programed instruction course on drugs and their effects. The purpose of the text is to learn about specific drugs which are currently being used and abused by a large group of people in our society. Narcotics, , depressants, , and marihuana are studied. The material is self-teaching, requiring about two hours for completion. Each page is divided into frames containing statements and questions with space provided for written answers. Answers for individual frames are printed opposite the following frame in the answer column to allow for movement down the page without exposing answers to the current question prematurely. A review section is included. (BL) '-'00 ±1,41* .e..:,',6";.%- "' ' ,-,:,P,A:-. YiZerS,0 A. ;'' 4 .t'F "41` Z.. 4 .,r/ V&" .74 1. " ? 4 AeAlt`) -41N-it4 jiltj'"e41,,s1) Ast ," '"""'"-:-.iY4,. YZ9i),It .."114!;+4. ,..:,-..., ' 4 4'1* r ii .. ,treV. ly,, 1: ., 'V/ ' ,. V 1 ),,,7'' '' ... '.1. '--,,' '-k !:?t,vri.,,.:10-,,,_01.:/,,.,,i' - 1 -,`'''7f t, ,,,,, 01., , . ....4 ..... i im,....k;:1,ct A ;;;'-' -- A .f.,A,s,1 -, .. t . - -.al'', %411W,`4A,irr_1?+," , '1!'';:,;. k''f .- i..... 1 A. tc:ei'''''.r'C''It*,,V,...,...... 1.,,, ',, ,,, ' y-.. I''7,,..,'",,,i'''';1...''' ii';,Y)?...; . t, Le .._,...... ,.....,t,. k.,",1:',i Yliti:' i '71',,S,.; l'.

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ja how to use this program Thisatunderstandcourse,If this yourmaterial is own theyou how isfirstpace. should self-teaching totime proceed.The readyou program have these and used will youinstructions probably a should programmed worktake to be youthrough instructionsure about you it 2 wish.specifiedhourscalledEach to page a completeplaces "frame." is dividedin theifA you frame text into go where maypartsthrough have youby horizontalit can justin one stop a few sitting. forlines. lines breaks ThereEach or anif youpart areentire is theyhorizontalknowonlypage. begin. a youIt statement, may haveline. include All completed framesor a it statement may are a includeframe completed and when onlya question, on youa thequestion. come page it may to on Youthe include which next will respondareWRITEyourAll frames not written to outdesigned the whichyour answer.material answer include as youa intest; theaare question they spacelearning. are provided. will designed You provide will These retain to a havespacequestions more you for It is strongly recommended that you informationthedirectlyThe right. columnanswer opposite ifFor you to example, thefollow the questionright followingthis theof process. and answerfor frameeachdirectly to individual inquestion oppositethe answer frame1-1 question is column isprinted printed 1-2; on in Massachusetts,This program was under prepared contract by Creative #HSM-42-70-142 Studies Inc., from Boston, the Whilequestiontheshieldopposite answer you downprematurely. aretoquestion questionthe working page 1-3, 1-2withouton and isa frameprinted soexposing on. you toThis the shouldthe allows right answer keepof you and to alltothe directly moveof current the a Administration.Education,National Institute and Welfare, of Mental Health Health, Services U.S. Department and Mental of Health Health, correcttextualIfremaining you response.material. find youdata are Rereadcovered. choosing the Check framesincorrect each until responseanswers, you understand goas youback proceed. over the the For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Price 55 cents Stock Number 1724-0233 table of contents II. I. narcotics(framesintroduction: I -1 to defining 1 -17) our terms page 2 III. stimulants(frames N-18 to N-46) 16 7 IV. (framesdepressants(frames D-74 S-47 to to D-98) S-73) 24 VI. V. marihuana(frameshallucinogens H-99 to H-124) 32 VII. (framesreview(frames R-148 M-125 to R-163) to M-147) 4639 1 2 1-1 The purpose of this text is to help you learn about specific drugs which are introduction: defining our terms part I currently being used and abused WeBeforebyparticular a shall large one begin, group languagecan therefore,discussof people of the the inby subject our characteristicsdefining society. matter. the relevant of specific terms drugs, that will however, be used itthroughout is necessary to the text. understand the Gonext on toframe. 1-2 Each drug we shall discuss can create a specific kind of dependence. Such dependence may be only psy- 1-1 andThechological nature orof itdependency may be both for psychological a particular drug and is physical. expressed in terms of its characteristics. nextGo on frame. to 1-3 TheperiodicallyLet individual us examine or who continuously. the is characteristicspsychologically His body of dependent psychological does not reallyon dependence.a drugneed has the adrug, strong but need he has to continuea craving for it if he taking the drug doesn't 1-2psychologicalphysical Whentakehave it. an Hea individual wants to feels be in a whatever strong need state to takethe drug a chemical puts him substitute in. periodically or continuously he is said to (either order) 1-4 dependencedenied,theWhat individual happens he is will psychological, will ifprobably such undoubtedly a druggo andthrough is seek discontinuednot to aget period more of of readjustment it because he accompanied feels at by or denied? If a strong a loss without it. If it is permanently some emotional trauma. If the has developed, psychological1-3 (physically/psychologically)Whenance of a the drug drug. that produces psychological physical, there will be no physical complications dependence is discontinued the individual willfollowing have discontinu-to readjust dependence 1-5 A secondbecome elementaccustomed of drug to a dependence certain level is the development of tolerance. This means that the body's cells 1-4 achieveWhenmust thean then individualdesired be increased effects becomes to achievetolerant the desired effect. to a particularof drug dose and of ano drug, longer he respond to that dose level.must The (increase/decrease) dose of the the dose drug to psychologically 1-6 An individual can develop tolerance to a drug on which he is only Althoughdependence.ent. For an example, individual tolerance is psychologically to LSD develops rapidly. But there dependent on a drug, he can develop is no evidence that thepsychologically, drug and not physically, depend- creates physical to it. increase1-5 1-7 Physicaldiscontinued.drugA third produces factor withdrawal in physical drug symptoms dependence use is the development of . (always, sometimes, never) is the appearance of physical withdrawal 1117, The most reliable criteria of whether symptoms vitien the drug is a tolerance1-6 has produced physical dependence is discontinued. 3 occur when a drug that 1-8 body'sWithdrawal cells. occursThe body because now needs the continuous the drug to administrationfunction in its accustomed of a drug has fashion. produced certain changes in the 4 1-7 ThetheIf thewithdrawal cells drug to isreturn discontinued,process to their is a pre-drugged (physical the normal /psychological) statefunctioning and reduces of the bodythe level is disrupted. of tolerance. The process of withdrawal allows readjustment. always ...... 1-9 hisPhysical withdrawal does not mean an individual is no longer dependent on a drug. He still must overcome dependency if it developed. physical1-8 1-10 Tolerancedependence is always can also developed develop. to a drug that produces physical dependence. In addition, psychological psychological1-9 1-11 physical,To review, reasons when an we individual would say experiences that he has adeveloped strong desire a to continue taking a drug for emotional, rather than dependence on the drug. Gonext1-10 on to frame. a 1-12 With regard to a drug that produces physical dependence complete the following sentences: 1-11 continuance.a) b)Tolerance There are (always, (always, sometimes, sometimes, never) never) develops.physical withdrawal symptoms upon dis- psychological 1-13 With regard to a drug that produces only psychological dependence, complete the following sentences: 1-12 continuance.b)a) ToleranceThere are (always, sometimes,sometimes, never) never) develops. physical withdrawal symptoms upon dis- b)a) always 1-14 Extreme drug dependence would include which of the following? c) b)a)development psychologicalphysical dependence of tolerancedependence b) a)1-13never sometimes f)e) d)psychological withdrawal sickness trauma upon upon discontinuance discontinuanceall of the above 5 6 1 -15 synthetic.plantThroughout Natural the sativa. textrefers we to will a drugrefer thatto the is sourceobtained of directlyspecific fromdrugs a asplant, being e.g., either marihuana natural, comes synthetic, or semi. from the f)1-14 all of the naturalCertainhaveSynthetic commercial drugdrugs drugs obtained fall aretrade between manufactured directlynames these asfrom well classifications inthe as the opium generic laboratory poppy. names.and fromare Heroin, called their however, activesemisynthetic. ingredients. is derived For byMostexample, treating of these the drugs morphine is a morphine will above a)Classifychemically. morphine the followingHeroin, therefore, drugs as natural, is classified semi-synthetic, as semi-synthetic. or synthetic. d)c)b) heroinSeconalmarihuana 1-16 There are many possible definitions for the term drug abuse. 1-15 Obviously,rightitFor is example,any to do usethere what of one is an hea individualillegalwide wants range drug. to mayhis of A body possibledefinethird andmight it definitionsashis saytaking mind. that any in society between. drug withoutcannot medicaldefine drug abuse; supervision. Another might say each person has the a) d)c)b)natural semisyntheticsyntheticnatural 1-17 discussionIn the next will few include sections, the definition,we will discuss derivation, the main methods characteristics of administration, of five categories of and effect of each drug. drugs. In general, the Go1-16 on to GO ON TO NEXT SECTION next frame. N-18 A narcotic is a drug that relieves pain and induces sleep. The narcotic narcoticspart II Narcoticphine;opium and drugs variousmorphine, are syntheticdefined derived as drugs fromthose ofthe which similar opium characteristics poppy seed pod; such heroin, obtained by chemically as methadone. drugs (also called opiates) include: altering mor- and In this text drugs are classified pharmacologically. However, the Federal N-19 marihuanawhetherwhichdrugs accordingwillthey is be acould narcotic.discussed toresult their inin potential psychologicalthe next for chapter. abuse, or physical Another whether dependence. is they marihuana, One discussed example in are beneficial and safe for medical treatment and drug laws classify a number of Part VI. Neither isnor cocaine, a (eitherinducerelieveN-18 sleeppainorder) N-20 Most of this chapter will be devoted to a discussion of heroin and morphine. N-19 MorphinethanOnepling importantmorphine. depends is (stronger/weaker) difference Since on how heroin muchbetween is it rarely has the been twosold drugs dilutedin its is within their additives. pure form, however, the actual strength of anythan drug heroin. sam- strength. Heroin is from two to six times stronger nextGo on frame. to 7 8 N-21 ationSecondly,Label in the although followingUnited States morphine statements other is thanasprescribed True medical or False: to researchrelieve pain, is illegal. heroin is not used in medicine. Its use in any situ- weakerN-20 c)a) b)TheMorphine In useits pure of is morphine prescribedform, heroin is toillegal isrelieve stronger pain than morphine N-22 Opiates are depressants. They depress specific areas of the brain, relievingTheprimary abilitytension. drives to depressThey such also asspecific diminish hunger, areas otherthirst, of theand brain sex. gives morphine its medical use as an c)a)N-21 b)FalseTrue True N-23 (calledHeroin and"skin-popping") morphine can or be directly sniffed into but a they vein are (called usually "mainlining"). administered by injection either just under the skin N-22 Theunderable mostusualscars, the tonguecommon spot to avoid for or injectionmethodeyelid. detection of is heroin themany inside administrationaddicts of the experiment arm. in However, the withUnited different because States parts is:frequent of the injections anatomy, result for example, in notice- painanalgesic killer or d)c)b)a) by smokingintravenoustabletsniffing injection N-24 The addict's "works," arm,spoon.a spoon, for example, It cotton,is then creatingmatches, strained pressure andthrough a rope and the makingcotton into the or what he needs to give himself an injection, generally or belt. The heroin is mixed into a liquid solution by the vein stand out so it may be easily located. syringe. The rope or belt is used to tie off include a hypodermic syringe, cooking it on the the upper b)N-23 by intravenous injection N-25 The heroin "fix" fol!ows intense "high" that lasts about 1 a fairly predictable course. Immediately after injection minute. the individual experiences an N-24 A strongtinglingThis "high" desire sen- 'tionis for sought ain heroin the abdomenfor "high" its is said sense of tranquility and , as well an indication toof be similar to orgasm. as the feeling of warmth and a dependence. nextGo on frame. to N-26 This "high" is usually followed lessened physical activity, and lethargy. by several hours of drowsiness, accompanied by an inability to concentrate, N-25 Thisvarious Mostgeneral functionsof sleepinessthe time of the and brain.addict state isof under the drug's influence, he is "on theunawareness is caused by the fact that opiates nod," in a dreamy state. psychological N-27 The intense part of the heroin "high" lasts about: N-26 d)c)a) b)2a8 hoursminutean hour depress 9 10 N-28 For most of the time an individual is under the effects of a narcotic he will be: N-27 d)c)b)a) sleepynoisyhavingin pain and hallucinations aggressive a) a minute N-29 One of the most important factors in opiate dependence is the development of tolerance. N-28 theAsincreaseRepeated tolerancedesired hiseffect. administrationdevelops, dosage to one achieve ofneeds even the to small sameuse (smaller/the doseseffects. leads same/larger) to increased tolerance. This means the individual has to doses to achieve c) sleepy N-30 However, when tolerance has developed, the cells have adjusted to the presence of the drug, and require the N-29 notdrugInIf feel the suchto functionusereither a situation, maintains the normally. "high" the a orconstantaddict the drowsinessmay level live of a thenormal usually drug life inassociated hisand system, may withcontinue he the may drug.his be dependence able to function to avoid normally going and through may larger dependence.Ifwithdrawal. its discontinuance This presupposes is followed that by thewithdrawal, individual we has say the that funds heroin to support has produced his habit. N-31 whiletreatmentdrawaldependence.Methadone on symptoms, full of doses withdrawal Currentis a synthetic of by methadone,research substituting (detoxification), narcotic indicates the orally which addict that administeredit has been can be usedan in addict long canterm be treatment kept comfortable, and rehabilitation that is, he because will not have with-used as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of methadone for injectable heroin. Besides its useopiate in physicalN-30 Aand syntheticalso does does produce narcotic not experience psychological used in the lethargytreatment and physical that of dependence. normally follows theheroinapparently high. However, does is methadonecallednot feel the is effects of the "high" still a narcoticof heroin. He N-32 Withdrawal from opiate dependence theness last is often "fix." a They primary reach cause their of peakcontinued in the addiction next 24 to heroin. Withdrawal can be a severe process. As we have said, fear of this withdrawal sick- to 48 hours and within about 10 days the most symptoms begin a few hours after severe methadoneN-31 1-4 J goesOncesymptoms back, the itaddict is disappear.because has gone he is through still withdrawal, he is no longer physically dependent dependent on it. on the drug. Thus, if he N-33 The symptoms of withdrawal from opiates depend on the severity of the dependence and the degree of toler- increaseandItance issweating; usually achieved. in breathing characterizedenlargement rate, bloodof by: pupils, gooseflesh, nervousness, anxiety, and sleeplessness;pressure, and yawning, temperature; running and a feeling of desperation with the obsessive and twitching of muscles; diarrhea and abdominal nose, hoarseness, cramps; psychologicallyN-32 izedAlldesire by to secure more of the :Jrug. in all, these symptoms are the opposite of the drugged state after a fix, which is character- 11 N-34 Which of the following are symptoms of opiate withdrawal? 12 N-33 c)a) b)cramps,drowsiness tension vomiting, and diarrhea (orlethargysleepiness, equivalent) f)e)d) compulsiondecreasedincreased breathing breathingto get another rate,rate, blood bloodfix pressure,pressure, andand temperaturetemperature N-35 The worst part of the withdrawal period occurs to hours after the last "fix." d)c)b)N-34 cramps,increasedtension vomiting, breath- and diarrhea f) compulsion to gettemperaturepressure,ing rate,another blood- and fix N-36 Withdrawal from heroin usually takes a total of about days to complete. 24N-35 to 48 N-37 To review, opiate dependence is characterized by the development of tolerance, psychological dependence, N-36 andmaintainnod."Psychologically, physical However, his dependence. level oncethe of dependenceaddict he Thehas may threedeveloped initially to are avoid interrelated. seek tolerance, 'going the through "high" he may or withdrawal. he no may longer be lookingfeel these for effects.the escape At this of beingpoint he may "on the 10 N-38 We have said that the individual develops Whenofand tolerance largeran individual doses. is reduced. Hcwever,goes through tolerance withdrawal is a reversible from opiates process. his levelIf of tolerance a tolerance to heroin and morphine that leads him to take larger an addict withdraws from his habit, his level nextGoN-37 on frame. to c)b) a)increasesstays decreases the same N-39 If an individual with reduced tolerance were suddenly to take the same dose his body had become used to N-38 aOverdosagebefore withdrawal, occurs when he would the individual suffer the takes effects a dose of overdosage. of a drug greater than that for which he has developed a) decreases N-40 Therefore,Overdosage an of overdose opiates can results prove in fatalrespiratory because failure, opiates depress the part of the coma, and finally death. brain that controls breathing. toleranceN-39 exceedsOverdosageheroin traffic his tolerance. couldmayis illegal also occur the occur ifbuyer the if anaddict has addict no were guarantee is givensuddenly a purer given form of the drug than he has as to what he is getting. It may not even be heroin. bargained for. Since all form of heroin that N-41 theOverdosage dose taken of isopiates can occur if the individual's than expected. is lower than expected or if aN-40 purer 13 , 14 i N-42 Overdosage of opiates can prove fatal because they depress the of the brain. purertoleranceN-41 N-43 a)Opiate b)development psychological dependence of dependencetolerance is characterized for onthe the bydrug's whichdrug's effects ofeffects the following? breathingrespiratoryN-42 or d)c) withdrawalall of the above symptoms upon discontinuance of the drug. center I ,)f--L N-44 Opiate addiction does not produce a sense of fellowship and communal sharingdosonalusers, anything reported neglect nor aother feeling andby thansome malnutrition of self-insight,look marihuana for as heroin wellreportedly asto tofeed dropping sought his habit. by out LSD of productiveusers. Opiate society. dependence The addict may rarely has time to lead one to per- d) N-43all of the above N-45 armedcriminalbetweenhookIt is unusual someone robbery. means$50 for and Tofor herointo $200 obtainobtainfuture to a $100beday business.money. shared to cash, feed This orThethe his given may addicthabit.cost awaytake of mayThe heroin theto havehigh one's form prohibits costto friendsstealof of anything his $700such unless habit worthgenerosity. from often a pusherof shoplifting causesgoods. Anis deliberately addictthe to user prostitution must to resorttrying spend toto N-44nextGo on frame. to N-46 Someabscesses,Because side in effects andmost hepatitis ofcases heroin the from addiction drug poorly is areadministered sterilized needles. intravaneously, there is great danger of infection, skin nextGoN-45 on frame. to THIS IS THE END OF THE SECTION. IT IS A GOOD TIME TO TAKE A BRIEF REST.

15 16 S-47 Whatmorning is a stimulant? coffee or teaYou or have probably from .ingested some stimulant today; for example, the from your stimulantspartlll N-46 ThetheAlthough effects effects of caffeine,of caffeine cocaine, a on naturalanother the average stimulant, natural individual stimulant, may aggravate are are considered not such mild conditionshowever, relatively particularly asmild. epilepsy, when ulcers, it is and injected. hypertension, equivalent)infectionofdroppingmalnutrition, society, (orout ,dosesdrug'sIt is havedifficulteffect been is to onlycaffeine, categorizeknown partially to nicotine, have the dependent veryeffects and intense cocaine of on amphetamines thereactions. are dose all examplestaken. (synthetic Individuals of stimulant*;) taleng small, because medically the intensity prescribed of the S-48 dominantlyCocaine,surgery,Stimulants a it naturalin is are Southoften so-called stimulant, foundAmerica. becauseon the isAlthough obtained black they market. directlyit fromhas a the stimulatelimited leaves medical the of centralthe use coca nervousas bush a local (Erythoxylonsystem. anesthetic coca),for eye found and nose pre- stimulantsN-47 Cocaine has a limited medicalNOTE: use The as illegal a use of cocaine is controlled through the Comprehensive DrugControl Abuse Act of Prevention 1970. and S-49 Amphetamines make a person feel full of energy. It was for this reason that they were originally given to N-48 AmphetaminesWorldcommonlysion, War narcolepsy II knownpilots are to currently(uncontrollableas keep appetite them prescribed suppressants. alert attacks during for a of longvariety At sleep), one periods of time andreasons. theyof hyperactivity stress. were For exarre:!'4,used in to children. treat they colds are They andused arehay to probably treatfever depres- because most anestheticlocal theypersonIn shrinkgeneral, taking the we nasal narcotics can membranes. say isthat usually the effect sleepy of andamphetamines lethargic, someone is quite takingdifferent stimulants from that tends of narcotics. to be Whereas a i4D 4 S-50 ,The three most marketed common assynthetic Benzedrine stimulants and often are: called "Bennies"; S-49 ,Dextroamphetamine, marketed marketedNOTE: as Weas Methedrine Dexedrine shall continue and and known tocalled use as the"Dexies" "Speed." term "amphetamine"or "pep pills"; and in its more general sense. equivalent)ergeticalert, en- (or S-51 AmphetaminesWhatcrystal other or liquid category are form usually andof drugs is takenoften is usually injected.in pill oradministered capsule form, by injection' except for Methedrine, which is also found in GoS-50next on to frame. 17 18 S-52 b)a)Classify methadonecocaine each of the following drugs as narcotics or stimulants: narcoticsS-51 e)d)c) Dexedrineamphetamineheroin S-53 Amphetamines (stimulate/depress) the central nervous system. d)c)a)S-52 b)stimulantnarcotic narcotic S-54 For which of the following conditions are amphetamines prescribed? e) stimulant c)b)a) depressiontensionobesity S-53stimulate S-55 Administrationd) pain of a stimulant by injection produces the most immediate and intense effects. The user is hit S-54 Anseekthosewith injection asedation. who surge take of of stimulantsstimulantsalertness andtakesfor kicks. energy. effect Sometimes, (faster/slower)This stimulating the effects and exciting "high" is the primary goal sought by may be so intense that the abuser will voluntarily than a tablet. c)a) depressionobesity 117.,INK-ErroirmteTrpr7tr;...... S-56 theyThereItone-thirdnot is may havealsoare beseveral probable toof obtained lookthe sources eightfurther that through billion there thanof supply fakeamphetamine isthe illegal homeprescriptions, for production.:those medicine tablets in search drugstore chest legally of for synthetic robberies,produced amphetamines. stimulants. eachand local year It hasOther pushers. wind been than up estimatedTeenagersin legal non-medical prescriptions, that often at hands. leastdo fasterS-55 S-57 ing,rateAmphetamines, andand diarrhea.blood pressure, even if taken which in cause prescribed heart doses, palpitations. may have Other serious side effects side effects, are often including dilated increased pupils, sweat- heart NirsoiLawb. GoS-56 on to the AmphetaminesoftenknownHigh dosesdo in not slang sleepof may stimulants terminology or produce eat for result dayswhich as beinginat ofextremea time.the "strung following tension, out." effects? "Speed loud egoism, freaks" talkativeness (those who use and Methedrine nervousness. regular..') This is next frame. I- d) c)b)a)-heart enhancementtension extreme palpitations and hunger nervousness of subjective experience S-58 effectsmedicationsomeVery little individuals occurring. is withoutknown even aboutadequate one an amphetamine individual's knowledge predispositionof tablet whether will makea patient to thethem abovecan feel take "strungside these effects. out." drugs DoctorsResearch without may suchhas prescribe shown serious that suchside in d)S-57 b)heart tension palpitations and nervousness 19 S-59 WIVIMae.....0 Unlike narcotics, stimulants do not usually lead to physidal dependency. Chronic low-dose 20 use of stimulants S-58 (1)Basically,may First lead is theto there psychological individual are two who motivations dependence. originally formay took stimulant no amphetamines longer dependence. exist, but under he continues doctor's orders.to use the His drug medical because problems the state it puts him in has become a way nextGo on frame. to (2) Second is the individual who has becomeof notlatinglife. want He psychologically effects. probably to feel He the takeswants depression dependent small the "high" doses that he Occursand can is get ablewhen from to the function it anddrug continues wearsfairly normally. off. toThis take individual the drug may because take massivehe does on the drug for its intensely stimu- dependency.Chronic low dose, nonmedical use of stimulantsdoses and may cannot continued.result functionin a (physical/psychological) normally either while on the drug or for the period of time after it is dis- S-60 To review, list at least two physical effects of taking high doses of stimulants. psychologicalS-59 S-61 Shortly after taking cocaine or amphetamines, an individual may become which of the following? c)b)a) drowsytensetranquil pressure,rateIncreasedanyS-60 two:and blood heart d) sleepless tationsdiarrhea,heartsweating,dilated palpi- pupils, S-62 WithWhenusually respect an individualdevelops to stimulants, verytakes slowly hightolerance dosesand only(never/sometimes/always) of stimulants,at very high he doses. may develop tolerance. However, such tolerance develops. d)S-61 b)sleepless tense S-63 temporaryThisA single can largelead insanity. todose a state or a of chronic drug psychosis abuse of whichstimulants is sometimes can result severe in an overdoseenough to of require the drug hospitalization in the system. for sometimesS-62 TheseoverestimateSuch a are state (physical/psychological) theirof psychosis strength andis characterized act on these 1.-:alingsby hallucinations of persecution and feelings with extremely of persecution. aggressive Individuals behavior. often symptoms of overdosage. S-64 becauseIn addition, the body there could have not been handle rare the cases effects where of the an drug.extreme overdose of stimulants has resulted in death S-63psychological a)An c)b) temporaryoverdose deathparalysis of insanity stimulants can lead to which of the following? Recentd) kidney research failure has indicated that the nature of differs depending on the doses S-65 thatPhysicallarge are amountstaken. dependence Since of amphetamines tolerance on amphetamines to high are considereddoses may develops develop to produce when and withdrawal physical dependency.symptoms have been found to occur, doses are taken chronically. c) a)S-64death temporary insanity 21 22 S-66 Thusa deep,In addition both and physical sometimes to physical and psychological suicidalwithdrawal depression symptoms, symptoms may if occur resultan individual duringwhen the has drug been is discontinued.taking large doses of amphetamines, from amphetamines. largeS-65 S-67 b)a)Label Chronic each useofuse the ofof following highstimulants doses statements ofmay stimulants lead as to True physicalcan or lead False: dependence to physical dependence withdrawalS-66 e)d)c) ToleranceChronicA deep depressionuse never of stimulants develops often follows leadsfrom theto when psychological use oneof stimulants stops dependence taking stimulants 17 S-68 To review, list three n+imillants: a)S-67 False e)d)c) b)FalseTrue True S-69 What is/are the primary medical use/uses of amphetamines? S-68 (anyamphetaminescocainecaffeine orddr) S-70 Tolerance (never/sometimes/always) develops in the use of stimulants. S-69 equivalent)usedappetitedepressionfatigue against con and trol; (or S-71 Overdoses of stimulants can result in a drug psychosis. This leads to what kind of behavior' sometimesS-70 S-72 Psychological withdrawal from stimulants is characterized by a deep feelingslucinations;psychosis;TemporaryS-71 of hal- S-73 On the following chart, note whether each characteristic is (always, sometimes, never) developed from the S-72persecution a)chronic Physical misuse Dependence of narcotics and stimulants. NARCOTICS STIMULANTS depression c) b)Tolerance Psychological Dependence END OF SECTION. GO ON TO NEXT SECTION. 23 part IV 24 D-74 Inaretranquilizers Barbituratesmany also includedways (Miltown, are in thethis Equine!, mostcategory. are common theValium, most of and dangerousthe Librium,drugs classifieddrugs for example), we asshall depressants, generallydiscuss: they called or producesedatives. minor tranquilizers,a strong There psycho.are somethat depressants a)S-73 always, some times year,Barbituratesand,logical intentionally they and may physical and provide and minor dependency;unintentionally, thetranquilizers easiest the drug fromare process inroute the oftocategory withdrawaldeath. overdose. ofIn drugsthis is considerably country called alone, more about severe 3,000 than people it is for die heroin; each c) b)always, always, some- always times D-75 nervousThisBarbituratesreducing is the system. oppositeanxiety are synthetic and of the tension. action drugs of that cocaine act to and depress amphetamines, the central which nervous system, thus inducing sleep and the central sedativesdepressantsD-74 or D-76 Barbiturates have many legitimate medical uses in addition to the well-known one of inducing sleep and D-75 a) usedreducingtoFor induce in which the tension; sleep treatment of the barbiturates following of epilepsy. purposes are often are used barbiturates to treat high prescribed? blood pressure and peptic ulcers. Some are also stimulate d) c)b)to totreat relievedepress high painblood appetite pressure D-77 In slang terminology, barbiturates are often referred to by the color of the tablet. For example, among quick D-76 tal)Examplessodium calledstarting, secobarbital"blue ofshort slow angels." acting starting, (Seconal) barbiturates, longer is sometimes acting sodium barbiturates known pentobarbital as are a "red (Nembutal)devil." (Lumina!), is often called a "yellow jacket"; and amobarbital (Amy- d)a) to inducetreat high sleep blood pressure c)b)a) Barbituratesinintravenously pillliquid or capsuleform are generally form taken: D-78 a)To morphinereview, classify the following drugs as narcotics, stimulants, or depressants: b)D-77 In pill or capsule form d)c) b)amphetamineheroin phenobarbital f)e) Benzedrine Seconal 25 26 D-79 OnemedicalBarbiturates definition supervision. are of oftenmisuse misused is simply because taking morethey arethan easily is prescribed. obtainable We and are are not often referring taken here without to adequate "overdose," a) D-78narcotic andInstate(an addition, amountmemory. similar thetakento individual that intoxication,could may result be drowsy, characterizedin the misuser's unable by to staggeringdeath) concentrate but walk,to andlarge slurred may doses. suffer speech, Such from anddoses impaired poor may coordination. judgementresult in a c) b)stimulant depressant sons):An individual suffering from barbiturate intoxication is likely to be accident-prone because of (list three rea- f) depressante)d) stimulantnarcotic 0-80 Paradoxically,drug may have someone an antagonistic who has effect, taken makingmassive the-individual doses of barbiturates more tense may and find jittery. that A he similar is not feeling relaxed. of excita-The D-79poor coordin- fromAntion individual often occurs who from looks too and much acts alcohol. drunk but does not have the smell of alcohol on his breath may be suffering equivalent,drowsiness,mentpairedation, and im- judge- anymemory, (or D-81 A second pattern of misuse involves the combination of barbiturates and alcohol. order)D-80 Alcoholseparateeffect (increases/decreases)isof chemically thelevels barbiturates. of each and arepharmacologically. The within two, the acting standard, together, a depressant. nontoxic may level.cause Therefore, an individual alcohol toacts enter to intensify a coma eventhe when the the effects of barbiturates. intoxicationbarbiturate D-82 b)a)Combining resultamphetaminesalcohol in the barbiturates same danger with as other when depressant barbiturates drugs are combined (such as with: narcotics, anesthetics, or tranquilizers) will increasesD-81 D-83 A third pattern of barbiturate misuse is sometimes called "the housewifelatedamphetamine-barbiturate syndrome."and jittery at Thisbedtime. is usage.a cycleBarbiturates A of woman are takes taken amphetamines to induce sleep. to suppress Amphetamines her appetite, are resumedand is overstimu- the next a)D-82 alcohol Thecableproblemsmorning "housewife to the both husband.of both forsyndrome" dietamphetamine and isto a overcome pattern and barbiturate of the grogginess dependency. of the Ofdepressant. course this Such pattern a pattern may be can equally lead appli-to the D-84 of.taking"ups,"Related hese parties to the"downs," is above not the oris neighborhood thebothor teenage how muchpill-poppingpusher, he but is thepartytaking. home where Unfortunately, medicine the individual cabinet. the may source not evenof supply know for what many he is 11 barbiturateamphetamine-D-83 usage D-85 To review: In proper doses, barbiturates are used to help an individual GonextD-84 on toframe. 27 1 28 D-86 Barbiturates are also sometimes used in the treatment of (name one) relaxsleepD-85 or D-87 High doses of barbiturates may lead to a state that resembles D-86 epilepsypepticpressure,highany one: blood ulcer, D-88 An individual who has combined alcohol and barbiturates may go into a coma because the alcohol the effects of the barbiturates. intoxicationalcoholD-87 D-89 Continuing now with some of the most common results of barbiturate misuse: Barbiturate dependence is D-88 Asdrugthe ancharacterized developmentindividual to achieve builds the byof sametolerance.a tolerance,strong effect. psychological he will need and (smaller, physical the dependence same, larger) on the drug. It is further characterized by doses of the intensifiesincreases or D-90 Barbiturate dependence is similar to opiate dependence in many ways. An important difference is in the D-89 Thenature pattern of theof barbiturate withdrawal withdrawalprocess.OnceFor the the first drug is 8as towears follows: 12 hours off, there the individualare signs ofmay increasing appear finenervousness, because heheadache, is still under anxiety, muscle the drug's influence. twitching, larger Thus, the most critical periodcinations,TheseDT's, during effects weakness, delirium,barbiturate reach insomnia,and their withdrawal finally, peak nausea, convulsionsin is:about and 14 a hours. thatsudden In dropthe next in blood 2 days, the individual can be fatal. pressure. may experience hallu- c) b)a)about aboutimmediately 2 days1 day after afterafter the thethe final finalfinal dose dosedose D-91 continuingTherefore, thewithdrawal drugs may from lead barbiturates to an acute should medical be emergency. undertaken However, with strict withdrawal medical supervision. Abruptly dis- D-90 Onceis,slowly by the a reversing individualgradual reduction the is no procedure longer in dose. physically by However, which dependent the the individual individual on the built might drug, up tolerance stillhe (is,be psychologicallyis not)to the drug in dependent. the first can be accomplished by place; that cured. c) about 2 days doseafter the final D-92 To be truly cured, the individual must also overcome his strong psychological dependence on the drug. isD-91 not 29 30 D-93 Thealcoholoverdose variesHowever,effects or fromof narcoticsthat suchbarbiturates.there individual an is aoverdose limit is,to to theindividual. the are individual level the same ofBut, tolerancemay onceas gothose thisinto the resulting limita body is will passed, from develop a combination the to individual barbiturates. of barbiturateswill Thissuffer upper from and limit an nextGo on D-92frame. to D-94 An overdose of barbiturates can lead to coma and death through respiratoryorport,Such ordeaths to arrest.a subtoxiccan be traced level ofeither barbiturates to a level inof combinationbarbiturates higherwith than the individual's system can sup- comaD-93 CADr D-95 Many deaths traced to barbiturates occur because, as has been said, the drugs impair both the memory D-94 Thus,themand thejudgement until individual he goes of sometimesthe into user. a coma. does not remember how many pills he has already taken and keeps taking (anyortranquilizers, narcotics,alcohol,anesthetics order) D-96 Theyalsosion,Minor act are do totranquilizers similar notrelax lead muscles to tobarbiturates phySicalare and another may dependence. in causecategory effect, drowsiness. and, of synthetic when taken drugs in therapeuticthat calm, relax, doses and under diminish medical anxiety. supervi- They Gonext onD-95 to frame. D-97 The most commonly prescribed tranquilizers are: Miltown, Equinal, Librium, and Valium. D-96 Thus,Theseuser some tranquilizersdevelops tranquilizers tolerance can canlead if producethey to psychological are theused same too typeandoften. physicalof dependency dependence as when misused. In addition, the nextGo on frame. to D-98 On the following chart, note whether each characteristic is (always/sometimes/never) developed from the D-97 a)chronic misuse of narcotics, stimulants, and depressants. NARCOTICS STIMULANTS DEPRESSANTS or barbituratesopiates CoC) Psycholog-b)Physical Tolerancec)pendenceical De- THIS IS A GOOD TIME TO TAKETHIS A BREAK. IS THE END OF THE SECTION. 31 32 H-99 The category of drugs called hallucinogens or psychedelics includes suchpsilocybin, drugs as LSD,STP, peyote,DMT, morning mescaline, glory seeds, and marihuana. In this chapter we shall deal primarily with hallucinogens part V a)D-98 always, some- LSDLSD and and mescaline. mescaline The are infollowing the classification chapter will of drugsbe devoted called to marihuana. c) b)always, always, some- always, times,alwaystimes, always always H-100 Hallucinogens (or psychedelics) are drugs capable of provoking changesHallucinogensThey ness,of sensation,range and from emotion. provoke pleasant Thechanges imageseffects in varyand feelingswidely from to terror individual and dread. to individual and from one use to the next. thinking, self-aware- orhallucinogensH-99 psychedelics H-101 LSD lysergic acid diethylamide is synthesized from ergot, a fungus thatand spoils rye grain. Although it is H-100 LSDprobably is synthesized the most widely from known , its legal use is restricted to medical research. (anyandself-thinking,sensation, emotion awareness,order) H-102 LSD is a tasteless, odorless, colorless liquid which can be put in sugar Itliquidcubes, is (possible, can cookies, also impossible) be or injected, crackers. or taken in tablet or capsule form. to tell visibly if a cookie has been impregnated with LSD. The ergotH-101 H-103 LSD is one of the most potent drugs known. A dose of 25 micrograms (pg's), an amount almost invisible H-102 causeDosesLSDto the ofis naked theaboutso potenthigh 100eye, potency thatpg's will theareproduce of amountconsidered LSD, a a mildequivalent small average.effect variation onto twomost in aspirins dosage people. willmay provide produce about a large 6,500 variation in effect. average doses. Be- impossible H-104 The actual physical effects of LSD are well documented. increasedIt produces pulse changes and heart in the rate, body a rise by actingin blood on pressure the central and and temperature, sympathetic pupil dilation, nervous systems, resulting in tremors, sweaty GoH-103 on to C2 f Atpalms, ordinary chills, doses, nausea, LSD produceslack of appetite, minor (physical/psychological)etc. In ordinary doses, however, these effects are insignificant. changes. next frame. H-105 The psychological effects of LSD are considerably theto Importantperson. drug is Thetaken, determinants "proper is of fundamental set," of howthat ais, person importance.the expectations reacts to LSD and may attitudes be his of the more difficult to describe and vary widely from person user and the setting in which physicalH-104 H-106 When taken orally, symptoms of the influence of LSD appear in 30 to Whattrip455 minutes. isto dependentfactors10 minutes. If influence injected, on An the average theytheamount intensity trip taken lasts of and anfrom onLSD 6-24the trip? psychological hours, depending set of on the the user. amount taken. The intensity of the appear in equivalent)mentandexpectationsH-105 environ- (or 33 34 H-107 In general, the LSD experience andPerceptual time. Colors changes may described seem to intensifyby users or consists of changes in perceptions and thought. include differentchange; perceptions shapes of andsight, spatial hearing, relationships touch, may seem to body image,pulsate and setpsychologicalH-106 and changeunusualChangesis often in elusive.dimensionimportance. in thought or includeassume a lifelike free flow of ideas qualities. Sensitivity to sound increases, but the source of all kinds so that ordinary, trivial events may assume of the sound dose H-108 Users of LSD refer to it as a justserve described. to shut But,some in thingsaddition, out it of is because "consciousness-expanding" drug. This is partlyhis because consciousness, and which allow him to choose LSD breaks down the defense mechanisms of the the bits of ofinformation the effects we have individual that H-107Go on to Thesethatsubconsciousthese are defense allowedbarriers mechanisms totoare theenter. removed conscious oftenand level. a shut great out deal of ourof information minds things that disturb us. Under the about oneself and one's world is brought from the influence of LSD next frame. Thisa) b)effectthe they world may have is lead lessgained users meaningful a tobetter feel that:understanding of themselves and the world around them H-109 This kind of experience may be beneficial to an individual who can cope with the situation. An unstable per- H-108 Theson,overwhelmedexperience. individual.whopsychologically that has heunprepared panicshad -a becausehad to trip see feelshe fears he will never himself without these defenses, may developalone ina the world and becomes frightened. He "come down" to reality. psychosis from the sometimes is so 1=1 athey betterb) have under- gained TheWhichaddition extreme of thethe fright individualother of drugs such may wean experienceexperiencehave discussed "flashbacks,"may may lead persist and recur for some time after the use of the drug. to whicha drug are psychosis' actual recurrences of the LSD experience. In themworldselves.standing around and of thethem- H-110 Because of the possibility of "freaking out," people who take LSD often providebetofriend the faulty whouser themselves and isand not he will undermay trywith do tothe a"talkhazardous influenceguidea him down" of things. the if drug. panic This sets guide in. In attempts such a situation to ensure the that user's no physical judgement harm is comes apt te amphetaminesH-109 copeA Unfortunately,drug with psychosis the breakdown his may friend occur of will his as not a necessarilyresult of an haveLSD tripthe expertisebecause anto controlunstable the individual situation. may not be able to H-111 An individual on an LSD trip may panic.because he wonders if he will be abIe to mechanisms.normalH-110 defense H-112 It is possible, under medical supervision, to counteract the effects of a izers. However, with indiscriminate and tranquil- use of drugs to counteract a bad trip may lead to further physical and psycho. H-111 Althoughit.effectslogical ofproblems.certain LSD. sedative For example, drugs may the helpuse ofcounteract stimulants a bador other trip, thepsychedelic use of stimulants drugs would will tend to increase the realityreturn"come todown" or H-113 It is possible to develop tolerance to LSD if the same dose is taken daily. The effects of LSD are so intense, H-112 Therefore,daily,usuallyhowever, by the within we that fourth would people48 hoursifday,say usually thatpractically the tolerance havedrug nonois to discontinued.effectsdesire LSD is to would (rarely/often) take thisbe noticed.drug more But than this once tolerance a week. is Ifreversed one did takequickly LSD developed. intensify 35 36 H-114 Among habitual users of LSD, twice a month usage is considered heavynot) usage. At this rate, tolerance (is/is likely to develop. H-113rarely H-115 LSD does not produce physical dependence: Therefore, there are no physicalcontinuance. withdrawal symptoms upon dis- isH-114 not mayAlthoughbeenHowever, occur discontinued. there months"flashbacks"or is no after evidence the drugrecurrences of hasphysical been of withdrawalused. the drugged upon statemay discontinuance persist of forLSD, months after the drug has Cu :-116 To review, the user of LSD rarely develops tolerance to the drugandeffectsphysicalvery short ifof hedependence. the time.does, drug. Nor it is doesusuallyHowever, he reversed experience one may in developa physical a withdrawal symptoms since LSD does not lead to dependence on the flashbacksH-115 H-117 Currently, scientists are not in agreement on the specific long term risksharmful of effectstaking areLSD, suspected. although many psychologicalH-116 awareAlthoughtrip,Among the that possibility none the they issues of may these of constitutechromosomalbeing long debated term a serious dangers damage, are therisk. has possibilityand been the conclusively effects of serious of flashbacks. proven, long term the mental would-be illness user resulting of LSD should from a be bad H-118 An individual may panic during an LSD trip if: H-117 c)b)a) he iscannot orafraid feels cope he alone won't with bethe able effects to come on the back drugs to reality on himself nextGo on frame. to d) all of above H-118 H-119 Peyote, the source of mescaline, another. hallucinogen, is legally usedof by Americanmedical the American research, Church Indians ofis illegal.North of theAmerica Native in their religious ceremonies. However, any other use, with the exception d) all of above PryC.A.) H-120 Mescaline is derived from the Mexican peyote cactus. It is available takenanforms the orally illegal ranging but market may from be inwhole injected. a variety or chopped Mescaline of cactus has a"buttons" characteristic to capsules bitter taste of powder so when or vialstaken of orally liquid. it isIt isusually usually H-119 Mescalinemixed with coffee,is found tea, in milk, three or forms:orange juice. , and nextGo on frame. to H-121 Although mescaline is about 4,000 times weaker than LSD, in large enough"badmately doses trip." the same it will effects.produce Because approxi- much lower doses can be taken, there is considerably less risk of having a "buttons,"cactusH-120 c)b)a)The LSDheroin"speed" effects of mescaline are most similar to liquidpowder, and d) Miltown 37 38 H-122 To review, people often take LSD because they feel that the changes inhelp their them perception gain a causedbetter understanding by the drug of c)H-121 LSD H-123 Taking LSD in combination with any other drug is dangerous, particularlythestimulants LSD.if it is taken or other in combinationpsychedelic drugs.with These drugs (increase/decrease) the effects of aroundthe(orthemselvesH-122 world equivalent) them and H-124 The nature of dependency produced by the chronic use of mescaline isWith similarmayfor respectpsychological develop to LSD. to butthe There itchronicdependence is rare. is a use potential of although mescaline there and is LSD no evidence label the of following physical statements dependence as developing.True or False: Tolerance increaseH-123 c) b)a)Tolerance PsychologicalPhysical always dependence dependence develops. is produced is produced THIS IS THE END OF PART V. marihuanapart VI M-125 What is marihuana? What has motivated an estimated 12 to 20 million people in the United States to try it? c) b)a)H-124False FalseTrue M-126 Marihuana comes from , the hemp plant which grows freelyPharmacologically,matesreported as and a common tomany have soils. sedativeweedmarihuana Pharmacologically in manyor hypnoticis classified cli- qualities. itas is a usually classified as a mild hallucinogen but it has also been GoM-125next on to frame. ;`.. M-127 When the cultivated Cannabis sativa plant is fully ripe, a sticky, goldendocovers yellow the leaves its resin flower themselves.with clusters a minty and fragrance top leaves. It is this resin which contains the active ingredients of marihuana, as M-126hallucinogen ThetetraScientists hydactive roca have ingredients n nab recently i nol (THC). of isolated marihuana and are synthesized found in the one of the active ingredients in the resin. It is called A9 of the Cannabis sativa plant. M-128 The potency of the drug depends on the amount of THC in the resin. AseightHashish however,with times any comes stronger drugthe buyerfrom purchased than thehas marihuana.flowering no illegally, guarantee tops ofas the to itsmost actual potent strength. varieties of the Cannabis plant. It is from five to resinM-127 and leaves Marihuana will produce a (less/more) intense effect than a similar quantity of hashish. 39 40 M-129 In the United States, marihuana is generally smoked in cigarettes or pipes.Marihuanahuanaheld in can the also lungscigarettes be foradded as are longto handfood. as rolledpossible; and one are cigarettesmaller than or "joint" regular is oftencigarettes; shared the ends The smoke is deeply inhaled and by several people. Mari- of the paper are lessM-128 Thecombustion,isticusually smoke odor either fromthat the resembles tuckedcigarettemarihuana in isor the lickedis twisted. distinguishablesweet before Tobaccosmell lighting of burningfrom may it. theThebe grass smokemixed smoke or withof rope.given regular the off dried tobaccoby theseleaves because cigarettes to act asof hasitsa binder. characteristic a character- To slow M-130 The effects of marihuana vary greatly from individual to individual. It is estimated that a large proportion of M-129 Thefactors.effects,users effects feelingsfeel of nothing the range drug at areall,from mediatedparticularly depression by the psychological to first excitement, time they and fromuse personality the trust drug. to suspicion,differences For those dependingwhoamong individuals on a variety and by of acknowledge the drug's odor Listorthe ingested. druguser'sthree are factorsrelationship also dependentthat will to othersdetermine upon in thethe how strengthroom marihuana who and might the affects amountbe experiencing a particular used and individual: thethe samemanner sensations. in which it The was effects smoked of M-131 Below are some of the most common reactions to smoking marihuana.Onepaniedmay generally be byfelt fear by begins inhalingand anxiety. to feelfrom the Thisthree drug's common to a effectsdozen experience times.within 5There tofor 10 the may minutes first be time an after user he is has often begun alleviated initial feeling of restlessness, accom- smoking. Effects if supportive M-130orAny equivalent: three Afterfriendsunlessusually inhaling are the be present. individualtalked six times outBecause has onof theira deep-seated marihuana the fears. drug It puts iscigarette, personality unusual most individuals,one for problems. such is likely paranoid in toa highlystart feelings feeling suggestible toits recureffects: state with subsequentof mind, they usage can settingdose,strength,personality, c)a) b)withinimmediately within a half10 minutes hour M-132 Feelings of of marihuana. are likely to occur the first time one experiences the effects b)M-131 within 10 minute M-133 This first period is followed shortly by a feeling of euphoria. Physically, oftennatureand,there mentally,occurs,is of a thefeeling broughtperception a heightenedof on mayfor no perceptionnot apparent be recalled reason.of even once Minorthe the most drug'shallucinations simple effects and haveor familiar delusions worn objects, off. may Uncontrolled occuralthough depending the exact on lightheadedness laughter anxietyfearM-132 and WhichtheinPsychotic potency fairly of theunstable of reactions following the'drug. individuals. dueare characteristicto the influence effects of marihuana of marihuana? are extremely rarealthough not unheard ofeven c)b)a) heartshortnesseuphoria palpitations of breath d) minor hallucinations 41 M-134 The sense of time and space frequently becomes distorted. Hence, activitiesof time which and require space; good such judgement as driving, should be avoided. Tasks requiring any amount of concentration, such as 42 M-133 senseDrivingreading, of while will also under be difficult.the effects of marihuana should be avoided because the drug impairs the individual's and d)b) minor euphoria hallucinations M-135 The effects of marihuana last from 2 to 4 hours, depending on the strengthTheIn usergeneral, and then amount the falls effects ofinto the a ofdreamlessdrug marihuana smoked. sleep are and (calming/energizing) wakes without a . order)spacetimeM-134 and (either M-136 Marihuana does not incite people to aggressive or violent behavior. Thus,Usuallypowers.ducive any it to resultsrelease physical in of a activity.inhibitions lethargy There not under con- is nothe evidence influence that of marihuana marihuana tends either to increases be (physical/verbal) or impairs sexual desire or calmingM-135 M-137 To review, sensations that characterize use of marihuana include which of the following? M-136 c)b)a) heightenedpoorfeeling judgment of increased perception and an physical inability strength to concentrate verbal g)f) e)d)all senseincreased of above of euphoria alertness and energydistorted sense of space and time M-138 In addition, when under the influence of marihuana, the individual may experience delusions and M-137 c) b)heightened poor judgment toand concentrate an inability f)e) distortedsense of senseeuphoria of spaceperception and time INV M-139 The effects of marihuana: a) are virtually the same with all users M-138 CJI d)c)b) varycannotlast for greatly severalat all frombe days defined individual to individual hallucinationsmild M-140 The effects of smoked marihuana usually last about: M-139 c)b)a) impossible210 to hours 4 hours to determine c) vary greatly from individual to 43 44 M-141 Scientists believe that marihuana quickly enters the bloodstream andsystem. acts on As the yet, brain however, and the they nervous don't know exactly how it works. a)M-140 2 to 4 hours drynessTheLongMore short timesubjectiveof termthe heavy mouth physical reportsusers and effects ofthroat. also marihuana includeof smoking sometimesa great marihuana thirst develop and are: hunger a reddening chronic and bronchial a of greater the eyes, cough. appreciation increased for pulse food. rate, and M-142 There is no evidence that marihuana produces physical dependence. NeitherAslead with theis almost there user anyto take evidencedrug, other one strongerthat can it develop will drugs. a psychological dependence on marihuana. Many people find the who nextGoM-141 on frame. to Chronicproblems.usesexperience the use drug Suchof pleasurable marihuana chronically, people are andmay however,generally use lead the to may calleddruga (physical/psychological) just periodically "potheads." want to escape to relax normal and achieve life stresses a mild or high. to treat An individualhis personality dependency. M-143 Which of the following are true concerning marihuana? a) It is physically addicting. M-142psychological d)c)b) All of above. It mayIt almost lead alwaysto psychological leads to usedependence. of stronger drugs. M-144 To review, marihuana is derived from the plant. c)M-143 dependence.psychologicalIt may lead to M-145 Marihuana's common effects are a feeling of a and a feeling of heightened sativaCannabishempM-144 or M-146 Marihuana users are likely to feel which of the following: a) aggressive distortedM-145 sense of d)c) b)slightlyhungry violent andlethargic thirsty perceptionspace and time M-147 If, as has been said, there are no proven harmful effects in the occasional use of marihuana, what, then, is the1) danger? It is still not known for sure changeswhat all thethe longoccasional term effects user into of using the chronic marihuana user. are. Nor is it known what d)c)M-146 slightlyhungry andlethargic thirsty 3) Marihuana2) Chronic is useclassified of marihuana, as an illegalsionindividual especially drug of marihuana and often by (as teenagers, does of is the anot felony publication learn can in the bemost harmfulof States.this text) if Theit theis longused term to necessary skills for living. implications of felonious arrest are obvious. use, sale, and posses- escape reality: the COVERED.THIS IS THE YOU END MAY OF PARTWISH TOVI. PARTTAKE AVII BREAK IS A REVIEW OR LOOK OF OVER ALL THE THE MATERIAL TEXT BEFORE THAT YOU HAS BEGIN BEEN THE REVIEW. 45 46 R-148 At the beginning of this course the difficulty of defining the term drugare nearabuse the was end of the program, please spend a few part VIIminutesreview considering what factors determine whether or discussed. Now that you M-147 YouDrugnot should a abusedrug now is is being be able abused. to write your own definition of drug abuse. nextGo on frame. to R-149 The rest of this section will review the material covered in Parts IVI. ReferClassifyhave back difficulty. tothe the following original drugs sections as narcotics, stimulants, or depressants: if you nextGoR-148 on frame. to c)a) b)amphetaminemorphine Benzedrine f)e)d) Seconalheroinbarbiturate 71"171.1"MMM Irrrt.ww. R-150 Narcotics (depress/stimulate) !Tim rA me. mg... the nervous system. b) a)R-149stimulant narcotic e)d)c) f)stimulantdepressantnarcotic depressant -11110 R-151 Opiate dependence is characterized by which of the following? b)a) developmentheart disease of tolerance to drug's effects depressR-150 D e)d)c) hallucinationsdesirewithdrawal for the symptoms drug's effects upon discontinuance of drugs R-152 Amphetamines (stimulate/depress) the central nervous system. R-151 d) b)desire development for the of drug'stolerance affects to e) withdrawal ofsymptoms discontinuancedrug'sdrugs effects upon 47 R-153 For which of the following medical problems are amphetamines prescribed? 48 stimulateR-152 d)c) b)a)fatiguepain tensionobesity NM! R-154 With regard to stimulants, label each of the following statements as True or False: R-153 b)a) ToleranceChronic low may dose develop use of when stimulants large dosesleads toof amphetaminesphysical dependence are taken a) obesity C- d) c)A Chronicdeep depression use of stimulants may follow may the lead discontinuance to psychological of stimulants dependence c) fatigue R-155 For which of the following are barbiturates prescribed? a) to induce sleep a) b)False R-154True d)c)b) to relievedepresstreat high pain appetite blood pressure d)c) True R-156 Alcohol (increases/decreases) the effects of barbiturates. d)a)R-155 to inducetreat high sleep blood pressure R -157 With respect to barbiturates, label the following statements as True or False:a) Chronic use leads to physical dependence increasesR-156 d)c)b) WithdrawalOverdosageTolerance rarely symptomscan causedevelops aredeath mild R-158 Withdrawal from barbiturates is characterized by which of the following symptoms? a)R-157 True d)c) b)a)hallucinationslethargy prolongedinsomnia sleep and delirium d)c)b) FalseTrue 49 50 R-158 R-159 With respect to continued use of LSD, label the following statements asa) Physical dependence may develop. True or False: c)b) hallucinationsinsomnia d) c)b)Physical TolerancePsychological withdrawal may dependence develop. symptoms may may develop develop upon discontinuance and delirium R-160 LSD (breaks down/intensifies) normal defense mechanisms. a) FalseR-159 d)c)b) TrueFalse R-161 Although the long term complications of LSD have serious risk? not been confirmed, which of the following constitutes a breaksR-160 down c)b)a) kidneysevererecurrent physicalmalfunction hallucinations dependence days, weeks, and months after ingestion R-162 The effects of marihuana: a) are virtually the same with all users b) R-161recurrent d)c)b) varylastcannot for greatly severalat all from be days defined individual to individual ingestionmonthsanddays,hallucinations weeks, after R-163 With respect to marihuana, label the following statements True or False: c) R-162vary greatly c)b)a) ToleranceIt almost always to the drugleads quickly to use develops ofIt strongerleads to physical drugs dependence individualfrom to a)R-163 b)False False THIS IS THE END OF THE REVIEW SECTION. c) False 51 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTLNG OFFICE : 1972 0 - 466-565 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Rockville,5600NationalHealth Fishers MarylandServices Institute Lane and of Mental Mental HealthHealth Administration 20852 PrintedDHEW 1972 Publication No. (HSM) 72-9134