1864 Seminar in Computer Science - 236801 Typewriter

9 QWERTY, Christopher Sholes Input/Output Devices 9 52% Q W E R T Y U I O P 32% A S D F G H J K L ; ' 16% Z X C V B N M , . /

Alona Sorin

1865 1910 Writing Ball Teletype 9 Rasmus Malling-Hansen 9 1910: first commercial installation of a telegraph 9 different placements of the 9 trademark used for a teletypewriter \ teleprinter letters on the keys 9 1915: 30 or 50 WPM 9 electromagnetic escapement for 9 1957: 300 WPM the ball 9 the first electric typewriter

1954 1959 Drum Line Printer

9 1954: UNIVAC, UNIPRINTER, Earl Masterson 9 IBM 1403, 600 LPM 9 typewriter with an attached tape drive 9 600-1200 LPM ( 10-20 PPM) 9 first commercially available high speed printer 9 a lot of noise 9 600 LPM, 130 CPL 9 were always enclosed in sound-absorbing cases of varying sophistication 9 not expensive

1 1959 1961 Plotter IBM Selectric Printer

9 graphics printer that draws images 9 pivoting typeball with ink pens 9 1959: Calcomp 560, first computer 9 different fonts graphics output devices sold 9 14.8 CPS 9 1970: Hewlett Packard and Tektronix 9 high quality printed output desk-sized flatbed plotters

1970 Dot Matrix Printer Dot Matrix Printer

9 impact matrix printer 9each character as a group of small 9 the oldest of the three technologies dots used in most of today’s printers 9tiny metal rod, also called a "wire" or 9 1970: 165 CPS ,$2,995 "pin“ 9 1977: speed of 240 CPS 9one or two columns of dot hammers 9 1983: ImageWriter, $675 9speeds range from 200 to 400 cps

Dot Matrix Printer Inkjet Printer 9 non-impact method Few of the more common problems : 9 canister of ink instead of ribbon 9 light or poor print quality 9 three ink colors (cyan, magenta and yellow) 9 paper jams 9 black ink for pure black printing 9 missing print 9 propelling tiny droplets of liquid ink onto paper 9 paper out 9 higher quality text than dot matrix printers 9 dark smudges 9 flecks of ink

2 1964 1867 Inkjet Printer Continuous Ink Jet Technology

Technologies to control the flow of ink: 9 1867: William Thomson 9 Thermal Ink Jet 9 1951: first commercial model, Siemens 9 Piezoelectric Ink Jet 9 one of the oldest ink jet technologies in use and is fairly mature 9 Continuous Ink Jet 9 control a continuous inkjet droplet stream direction onto the printed media or into a gutter

1977 1964 Drop on Demand Method Thermal Wax Printer

9 dye-sublimation and 9 Siemens, PT-80 9 small resistive heating pins melt wax-based ink 9 thermal , piezoelectric onto ordinary paper or burn dots onto special 9 ejects ink droplets coated paper only when they are 9 typically 300dpi needed 9 specialist applications 9 faster and more quietly than dot matrix printers

1938 1948 Electrophotography Xerography 9“dry writing” 9a dry photographic or photocopying process 9 9used in copy machines, laser and LED printers 9 Xerography 9officially announced in 1948 910-22-38 ASTORIA 9 $150,000,000

3 1949 1972 Xerography Laser Printer 9 1970 – 1971: Gary Starkweather - Scanned Laser 9General Electric, Eastman Output Terminal, “SLOT” Kodak, IBM 9 1972: Butler Lampson and Ronald Rider – control 9Haloid Company - 1949 system 9 Corporation 9 EARS: Ethernet, Alto, Research character generator, Scanned laser output terminal 9 first laser printer 9 base of the Xerox 9700

1978 Xerox 9700 Laser Printer

9 Xerox 9700 system 9 industry's first commercial laser printer 9 electrostatic charges 9 120 pages per minute 9 "painting" a negative of the page to be 9 fastest commercial laser printer printed on the 9 huge charged drum 9 where light falls, the charge is dissipated, leaving a positive image to be printed

Laser Printer Color Laser Printer 9 high quality text and graphics on plain paper 9 CMYK colored toner 9 fastest models can print over 200 (cyan, yellow, and monochrome pages per minute (12,000 magenta ) pages per hour) 9 complexity of the printing process 9 each of the four inks is applied to the drum before the page is printed

4 1936 Printer Technologies Keyboard

9 drum 9 1936: August DVORAK 9 dot matrix 9 inkjet 22% ' , . P Y F G C R L ? 9 impact 70% A O E U I D H T N S - 8% ; Q J K X B M W V Z 9 piezo electric 9 thermal wax 9 One-handed versions 9 laser

9 AZERTY Right-handed 9 thermal bubble A Z E R T Y U I O P 9 dye sublimation Q S D F G H J K L M % 9daisy-wheel W X C V B N ? . / 9 bubblejet Left-handed Simplified

1952 Non-Traditional Keyboards Light Pen / Gun

9 photosensitive device 9 1952: handmade prototype of a "light gun“, Whirlwind Project at MIT 9 1957: Lincoln TX-0 computer at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory

1964 1963 Graphics Tablet Early Mouse

9 sketching new images or tracing old 9 1963: Douglas Engelbart, Stanford Research ones Institute 9 1964: RAND Tablet, ( Grafacon - 9 one button on top and two wheels on the underside Graphic Converter) 9 device with its long cable tail looked something like 9 1984: Koala Pad, first home computer a mouse graphics tablet

5 1972 1980 Mechanical Mice Optomechanical Mice

9 optical sensors detects motion of the ball 9 1972: Bill English, ball mouse, part of the hardware package of the Xerox Alto computer 9 1980: Steve Kirsch, Mouse Systems Corporation, infrared light-emitting diodes and a four-quadrant 9 rubber or metal ball rotates in any direction infrared sensor 9 mechanical sensors detect the direction 9 1981: Richard F. Lyon, 16-pixel visible-light image sensor with integrated motion detection, sold by Xerox

1999 1998 Optical Mouse Laser Mouse 9 optical mouse sensor, developed by Agilent 9 1998 : Sun Microsystems Technologies 9 2004: Logitech with Agilent 9 a tiny camera takes thousands of pictures every Technologies introduced MX 1000 second 9 infrared laser instead of an LED 9 most optical mice use a small, red light-emitting diode 9 wireless mouse

References: References:

¾ http://www.answers.com/ ¾ http://img.alibaba.com/ ¾ http://en.wikipedia.org/ ¾ http://www.askoki.co.uk/ ¾ http://computer.howstuffworks.com/ ¾ http://www.pctechguide.com/ ¾ http://www.about.com ¾ http://www.askoki.co.uk/ ¾ http://www.osp.ru/ ¾ http://www.parc.xerox.com/ ¾ http://news.softpedia.com/ ¾ http://www.new-tex.ru/ ¾ http://www.computerhope.com/ ¾ http://www.pcmag.com/ ¾http://images.encarta.msn.com/ ¾ http://www.netpcdirect.co.uk/ ¾http://www.princeton.edu/~jdonald/emulation/ ¾ http://inventors.about.com/ ¾http://www.index.co.il/dfus/

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