Bell Ringer 1. Check, was your science experiment approved?
2. Did you return your old textbook and get a new one?
3. Do you have your laptop to work on the following
• Reaction Time Lab
• Ecology Project
• Science Fair Experiment (You MUST complete the planning packet as you go along) Bell Ringer 1. Please take out your competitive ecology notes (remember they are new and on one note and my webpage). Turn in your Reaction Time Lab
2. In your science journal Draw a cycle that represents something that keep happening over and over in your life.
3. If you have time go to google and click on the google logo. Who is google honoring today? What is he famous for? Bell Ringer 1. Please take out your competitive ecology notes (remember they are new and on one note and my webpage). Turn in your Reaction Time Lab if you have NOT already done so
2. In your science journal Draw a cycle that represents something that keep happening over and over in your life.
Cycles of Matter Just like you are part of the food web, you are also part of different environmental cycles
There are three different cycles
1. The Water Cycle
2. The Carbon and Oxygen Cycle
3. The Nitrogen Cycle The Water Cycle Brainpop Water Cycle The Water cycle- is the continuous process where water moves from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back. There are three processes that are involved in the water cycle 1. Evaporation- molecules of liquid water absorb energy and change to a gas. Water evaporates from oceans, lakes and forms a gas in the atmosphere. 2. Condensation- as water vapor rises high in the atmosphere it looses energy and cools down and will change back into liquid water. 3. Precipitation- As more drops of the condensed water form the drops get more heavy and will fall back to earth. Rain, snow, sleet or hail may fall on land, oceans or lakes.
Twig Water cycle The Water Cycle Let’s draw the water cycle using the following processes
Evaporation = A
Precipitation = C
Condensation = B Collection = D The Carbon & Oxygen cycle The processes by which carbon and oxygen are recycled are linked Carbon Cycle Twig Producers, consumers and decomposers play roles in recycling carbon and oxygen. The Carbon cycle- Producers take in carbon dioxide from the air during photosynthesis. Consumers eat producers taking in carbon containing food (glucose) and will also release carbon dioxide and water as waste. Burning fuels for energy and clearing forests for crops releases carbon compounds into the air The Carbon & Oxygen cycle The processes by which carbon and oxygen are recycled are linked Producers, consumers and decomposers play roles in recycling carbon and oxygen.
The Oxygen cycle- Producers release oxygen as a result of photosynthesis. Most organisms take in oxygen from the air and water and use it for life processes. The Carbon & Oxygen cycle Let’s draw the Carbon and Oxygen cycle using the following fill-ins
Combustion =F gives off CO2 B Consumers F give off CO2 by = A exhaling D
Producers C = C absorb CO2
Consumers E =B give off CO2 through waste
Consumers = E take in O2
Producers =D A make O2 The Nitrogen cycle Nitrogen Cycle Twig Did you know the air around you is made up of 78% nitrogen gas. This contains “free” nitrogen gas atoms which are not attached to any others During the Nitrogen cycle, Nitrogen moves from the air to the soil, into living things and back into the air. Nitrogen Fixation is the process that allows organisms to use nitrogen that has been combined with other atoms. Once nitrogen has been fixed producers can use it to build complex compounds. Decomposers return simple nitrogen compounds to the soil. Bacteria break down the nitrogen completely and release free nitrogen into the air. Bell Ringer • Please take out your competitive ecology notes and your cycles of matter homework
• Answer the following questions in your science journal
1. What is the difference between precipitation and condensation?
2. How do bacteria help with the Nitrogen cycle? Changes in Communities In 1988 huge fires raged through Yellowstone National Park. It took months for the fires to burn themselves out.
Within a few months signs of life returned and after 15 years the forests were flourishing again.
Recent CA 2017 Wildfires Changes in Communities Fires, floods, volcanoes, hurricanes and other natural disasters can change communities very quickly. Communities can also change without disasters.
The series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time is called succession. Succession Primary Succession is the series of changes that occur in an area where no soil or organisms exist.
For example a new island that is formed from the eruption of an undersea volcano. Or an area of rock uncovered by a melting sheet of ice.
Pioneer species are the first species to populate the area. Typically they are often carried to the area by wind or water Succession Secondary Succession is the series of changes that occur in an area where the ecosystem has been disturbed, but where soil and organisms still exist.
Fires, hurricanes and tornadoes can cause secondary succession. Human activities, such as logging, farming or mining, can also disturb an ecosystem. Succession
Yellowstone National Glacier bay in Alaska is a Park fires are an bay formed from glacier example of which type of melting and carving out. succession? Which type of succession is this? Bell Ringer • Please place your ecology projects and packets together on your desk
• Also please take out your notes
• Answer the following question in your science journal
1. What is the difference between primary and secondary succession? Sizing up the population To determine the size of a population you can try to directly count all the members but in many cases this is difficult to do.
Most populations are estimated by using a sample. You count how many of a species are in one area and multiply that number by the size of the area. The number of species in specific area is called the population density Carrying Capacity
The largest population that an area can support is called the carrying capacity
What would happen if our population continued to grow and grow? -Food, water and shelter could become scarce - Might destroy ecosystem THROWBACK- How do certain traits help species compete for food, water and shelter -Some traits give certain species an advantage to help them compete while others make it harder to compete. Limiting Factors When living conditions are good, the population will generally grow But eventually some environmental factor causes the population to decrease. Species with similar needs compete for resources. A limiting factor is an environmental factor that causes a population to decrease. Some limiting factors for populations are food, water, space and weather conditions. Bell Ringer • Please take out your competitive ecology notes • Answer the following question in your science journal 1. What is the difference between primary and secondary succession? 2. If there are 400 total pigs on pig island, and the island is 200 푘푚2 what is the population density? 3. What is the carrying capacity? 4. What are limiting factors Extinction The disappearance of all members of a species from Earth is called extinction.
Extinction of species can happen either from trait that restricts them from competing for resources or from an environment change like a lack of food or hunting.
Twig Dino's Twig Endangered Animals Biodiversity Biodiversity Keystone Species Biodiversity is the number of species in an area.
So why is it important to have so many different species?
Economic Value Ecological Value
-Having many species can -Species depend on each provide more options for other for food and shelter. resources like… One small change will affect all the others. Food (bananas, chocolate) - Keystone species is a Medicine (penicillin) species that influences the Clothing (rayon) survival of many other species in an ecosystem. Tourism (scuba diving) Environmental Issues Environmental issues fall into three general categories:
1. Population growth
2. Resource use
3. Pollution. Brain pop Over population Population Growth
If there are no limiting factors species will continue to grow. Example: White-tailed deer are growing rapidly in many parts of the United States. Why is this a problem? - Deer can die from starvation or become unhealthy - Start to overeat farm crops - More deer could cause more car accidents Should people become involved? If so how? YES! NO! Over population Example: People! There are 7.6 billion people on Earth as of October 2017. Ten years ago (2007) there were 6.6 billion. 20 years ago there were 5.8 billion (1997). What will happen to the earth if our population keeps growing?
- Use all of our resources like water, food, oil - Cause more pollution (chemical, air, heat, noise and light) - Less and less available space/shelter Resource Use
Anything in the environment that is used by people is called a natural resource.
Some natural resources are renewable, or always available or replaced in a short amount of time. Examples are sunlight, wind, fresh water and trees.
BUT these natural resources that are not replaced or used more quickly than they are replaced are called nonrenewable resources. Pollution
The contamination of the Earth’s land, water, or air is called pollution.
Pollution can be caused by chemicals, wastes, noise, heat and light. Pollution can destroy wildlife and cause human health problems.
Decisions about how to protect Earth’s atmosphere are made on a global level. Every decision has some impact on the environment. Your personal decisions of what to eat or how to travel have a small impact. But the personal decisions of millions of people can add up and have a huge impact on the environment.