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Origination, Transmission, and Reception of the Phur-Pa Cycle

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Origination, Transmission, and Reception of the Phur-Pa Cycle Origination, Transmission, and Reception of the Phur-pa Cycle A Study of the rDo-rje-phur-pa Cycle of Tantric Teachings in Tibet with Special Reference to Sog-bzlog-pa Blo-gros-rgyal-mtshan’s (1552–1624) Phur pa’i lo rgyus Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades des Doktors der Philosophie an der Fakultät Geisteswissenschaften der Universität Hamburg im Promotionsfach Tibetologie (South Asian Studies) vorgeleget von Mengyan Li, M. A. Hamburg, 2018 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Dorji Wangchuk Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Harunaga Isaacson Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 19 Oct. 2018 Contents Acknowledgement i Part I Introduction · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1 Chapter 1 A General Introduction 3 1.1 Introduction to the Term rDo rje phur pa ................. 3 1.1.1 The Sanskrit Equivalent of the Term rDo rje phur pa: Vajrakīla or Vajrakīlaya?............................. 5 1.1.2 The Origin of rDo-rje-phur-pa . 6 1.2 Previous Studies . 7 1.2.1 Introductory Remarks . 7 1.2.2 Monographs on the Study of rDo-rje-phur-pa . 8 1.2.3 Articles on rDo-rje-phur-pa . 13 1.3 Tibetan Sources on the Transmission of the rDo-rje-phur-pa Cycle . 17 1.3.1 Sources on General Transmission . 17 1.3.2 Sources Specific to Particular Transmissions . 19 1.3.3 Passages in Historical Works . 20 1.3.4 Other Kinds of Literature . 21 Chapter 2 Tibetan Accounts of the Origination and Early Transmission of the rDo- rje-phur-pa Cycle 23 2.1 Narrative of Padmasambhava Obtaining the rDo-rje-phur-pa Teachings . 24 2.1.1 Independent Transmissions in the bKa’-ma Tradition . 24 2.1.2 Transmitted as one of the Eight Sādhanas in the gTer-ma Tradition 30 2.1.3 The Story of the Scorpion . 32 3 Origination, Transmission, and Reception of the Phur-pa Cycle 2.2 The Early Transmissions of the rDo-rje-phur-pa Cycle in India, Uḍḍiyāna, and Nepal . 33 2.3 The Early Transmissions of the rDo-rje-phur-pa Cycle in Tibet . 35 2.3.1 The Transmissions from Padmasambhava . 35 2.3.2 The Transmissions from Vimalamitra . 37 Chapter 3 The Controversy over the Authenticity of the rDo-rje-phur-pa Scriptures 39 3.1 The bKa’ shog of Pho-brang Zhi-ba-’od . 41 3.2 The sNgags log sun ’byin Attributed to ’Gos Khug-pa-lhas-btsas . 43 3.3 The sNgags log sun ’byin Attributed to Chag-lo-tsā-ba Chos-rje-dpal . 44 3.4 Bu-ston Rin-chen-grub’s Position . 46 3.5 Shākya-mchog-ldan’s Defense . 47 3.6 dPa’-bo gTsug-lag-phreng-ba’s Defense . 48 Chapter 4 Sub-Traditions of the bKa’-ma Transmission in the rNying-ma School 51 4.1 rGyal-po-lugs . 52 4.2 Jo-mo-lugs . 54 4.3 lCam-lugs . 58 4.4 sNa-nam-lugs . 60 4.5 Shud-bu-lugs . 63 4.6 mChims-lugs . 65 4.7 Rong-zom-lugs/Rong-lugs . 65 4.8 dPyal-lugs . 68 4.9 Phur-pa-lha-nag . 69 4.10 Phur-pa-lha-khra . 73 4.11 gNyags-lugs . 74 4.12 ’O-bran-lugs . 78 4.13 gNubs-lugs . 80 4.14 Lang-lab-lugs . 85 4.15 gTsang/rTsang-lugs . 86 4.16 sKyi-lugs . 87 4.17 sPrang-lugs . 88 4.18 Yig-chung-can-gyi-lugs . 90 4 Contents 4.19 Phur-pa-rgyud-lugs . 92 4.20 sTod-lugs . 93 4.21 The Phur-pa Teachings Transmitted by Other rNying-ma Masters . 94 Chapter 5 Sub-Traditions of the gTer-ma Transmission in the rNying-ma School 97 5.1 The rDo-rje-phur-pa Transmission within the sGrub-pa-bka’-brgyad . 98 5.2 The Individual Cycles of the rDo-rje-phur-pa . 109 Chapter 6 The rDo-rje-phur-pa Transmission in the Non-rNying-ma Schools 125 6.1 ’Khon-lugs or Sa-phur . 126 6.2 The rDo-rje-phur-pa Transmission in the bKa’-brgyud School . 134 6.3 The rDo-rje-phur-pa Transmission in the dGe-lugs School . 137 6.4 The rDo-rje-phur-pa Transmission in the Bon Tradition . 138 6.5 Other schools . 139 Chapter 7 An Overview of the Literature of the rDo-rje-phur-pa Cycle 143 7.1 The Phur-pa Tantric Scriptures . 144 7.2 The Non-Scriptural Literature of the rDo-rje-phur-pa Cycle . 161 Chapter 8 The rDo-rje-phur-pa Soteriology 167 8.1 The rDo-rje-phur-pa Soteriology according to the bKa’ brgyad rnam bshad 168 8.2 Outline of the rDo-rje-phur-pa Section in the bKa’ brgyad rnam bshad ... 175 Chapter 9 Sources for the Critical Edition of the Phur pa lo rgyus 177 9.1 A Brief Description of Extant Manuscripts and Editions . 177 9.2 Some Observations on the Stemmatic Relationship of the Editions . 179 9.3 The Methodology and Abbreviations Employed in the Critical Edition . 180 Part II Annotated Translation and Critical Edition · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 183 Chapter 10 Annotated Translation 185 10.1 Homage . 185 10.2 The Flourish of the rDo-rje-phur-pa Scriptures in the Celestial World . 185 10.3 Padmasambhava Disseminated the rDo-rje-phur-pa Teachings . 188 10.4 The Early Life of Padmasambhava . 189 5 Origination, Transmission, and Reception of the Phur-pa Cycle 10.5 The Teachings Spread in India, Uḍḍhiyāna, and Nepal . 193 10.6 Padmasambhava’s Journey to Tibet . 197 10.7 The First Transmission of the Phur-pa Teachings in Tibet . 205 10.8 lCams-lugs . 205 10.9 The King Challenged Jo-mo Ye-shes-mtsho-rgyal . 206 10.10 The Practice of Phur-pa and the Slander from Ministers . 207 10.11 The Departure of Padmasambhava . 209 10.12 Duration of Stay in Tibet . 211 10.13 Jo-mo-lugs . 212 10.14 sKyi-lugs . 213 10.15 The rDo-rje-phur-pa Masters of the New Tantric Traditions . 214 10.16 Rong-zom-lugs/Rong-lugs . 215 10.17 Phur-pa-lha-nag . 222 10.18 Sa-skya-lugs . 224 10.19 gNyags-lugs . 226 10.20 ’O-bran-lugs . 232 10.21 Lang-lab-lugs . 233 10.22 Masters and Their Miraculous Power of the rDo-rje-phur-pa Practice . 235 10.23 Four Supreme Disciples of Lang-lab . 239 10.24 The Phur-pa Transmission after Nyang-nag dBang-gi-shes-rab . 244 10.25 Eulogy . 263 10.26 Colophon . 266 Chapter 11 Critical Edition 269 §1 Homage . 269 §2 The Flourish of the rDo-rje-phur-pa Scriptures in the Celestial World . 269 §3 Padmasambhava Disseminated the rDo-rje-phur-pa Teachings . 272 §4 The Early Life of Padmasambhava . 272 §5 The Teachings Spread in India, Uḍḍhiyāna, and Nepal . 277 §6 Padmasambhava’s Journey to Tibet . 280 §7 The First Transmission of the Phur-pa Teachings in Tibet . 287 §8 lCams-lugs . 288 §9 The King Challenged Jo-mo . 288 6 Contents §10 The Practice of Phur-pa and the Slander from Ministers . 290 §11 The Departure of Padmasambhava . 292 §12 Duration of Stay in Tibet . 293 §13 Jo-mo-lugs . 294 §14 sKyi-lugs . 296 §15 The rDo-rje-phur-pa Masters of the New Tantric Traditions . 297 §16 Rong-zom-lugs/Rong-lugs . 297 §17 lHa-nag-lugs . 305 §18 Sa-skya-lugs . 307 §19 gNyags-lugs . 308 §20 ’O-bran-lugs . 315 §21 Lang-lab-lugs . 316 §22 The rDo-rje-phur-pa Masters and Their Miraculous Powers . 319 §23 Four Supreme Disciples of Lang-lab Byang-chub-rdo-rje . 324 §24 The Phur-pa Transmission after gNyang-nag dBang-gi-shes-rab . 330 §25 Eulogy . 345 §26 Colophon . 349 Part III Appendices · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 369 Appendix 1 The Critical Edition of Citations in the Phur pa lo rgyus 371 1 A Citation from the gSang ba grub pa .................... 371 2 A Citation from the Tibetan Translation of the Mañjuśrīnāmasaṃgīti ... 373 Appendix 2 The Family Lineage of Shud-bu dPal-gyi-seng-ge 373 Bibliography 377 Summary of Results 427 7 Acknowledgement This dissertation is planned to publish as a book from the very beginning of my writing. How- ever, due to the bureaucratic requirements in China, I have to publish it first in the library of the University of Hamburg as an E-dissertation. It still needs to be improved and polished in many ways for later publication. This work is the first attempt trying to provide a systematic and comprehensive study regarding the origination, transmission, and reception of the rDo-rje-phur-pa teachings of the Tantric Buddhism in Tibet. Influenced by the long tradition of the India-Tibetan studies in hamburg, philological-hisotrical tools and skills are employed in this work, which means it focuses on the text-critical analysis of the text I am based on. In the historical transmission aspect, I have collected and analyzed all the related sources I could find, and the results are merely a logical arrangement and description of these sources..
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