10298 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 20 the Committee on Merchant Marine and the Congress to exact from our allies ade MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE Fisheries. quate military guaranty to avoid another By Mr. McMILLAN: Korea in which American troops are called A message from the House of Repre H. R. 5234. A bill to amend the District of upon to do most. of the fighting and dying. sentatives, by Mr. Snader, its assistant Columbia Barber Act; to the Committee on Also going on record as favoring Gold Star reading clerk, announced that the House. the District of Columbia. Mothers listed as next of kin, the granting having proceeded to reconsider the bill By Mr. SMITH of Virginia: of same exemption ($500-tax exemption) (H. R. 3193) to establish a rate of pension H. R. 5235. A bill to authorize and direct which was referred to the Committee on For for aid and attendance under part 3 of the Commissioners of the District of Colum eign Affairs. Veterans Regulation No. 1 , as bia to make such studies and investigations deemed necessary concerning the location amended, returned by the President of and construction of a bridge over the Poto the United States with his objections, mac River in the vicinity of Shepherds Land SENATE to the House of Representatives, in which ing, and for other purposes; to the Commit it originated, it was- tee on the District of Columbia. MONDAY, AUGUST 20, 1951 Resolved, That the said bill pass, two By Mr. MULTER: thirds of the House of Representatives agree H.J. Res. 318. Joint resolution to estab (Legislative day of Wednesday, August 1, ing to pass the same. lish a Joint Committee on Housing, and for 1951) other purposes; to the Committee on Rules. The mess~ge also announced that the By Mr. BURNSIDE: . . The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, House had agreed to the amendment H. Con. Res. 150. Concurrent resolution ex on the expiration of the recess. · of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 1912) for pressing the sense of the Con~ress that the the relief of Wilcox Electric Co., Inc. . paymen t of cash bonuses to veterans is non Rev. F. Norman Van Brunt, assoc1ate inflationary and is an appropriate recogni pastor, Foundry Methodist Church, The message further announced that tion of their services and sacrifices, and that Washington, D. C., offered the following the House had insisted upon its amend Federal agencies should encourage the pur prayer: ments to the bill CS. 349) to assist the chase of State bonds issued to provide funds provision of housing and community for the payment of such bonuses; to the Great and glorious God, author of the facilities and services required in con Committee on Veterans' Affairs. world's joy, bearer of the world;s pain, nection with the national defense, dis By Mr. RHODES: make us glad that we are men and sons agreed to by the Senate; agreed to the H. Res. 393. Resolution to provide for a of God and that there has been placed conference asked by the Senate on the Select Committee on Problems of the Aging; upon us a major responsibility for the to the Committee on Rules. disagreeing votes of the two Houses welfare of the world. We acknowledge thereon, and that Mr. SPENCE, Mr. BROWN our human frailties and we pause to of Georgia, Mr. PATMAN, Mr. RAINS, Mr. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS lean our weakness against the pillars of WOLCOTT, Mr. GAMBLE, and Mr. CoLE of Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Thy almightiness. Grant us wisdom, Kansas were appointed managers on the bills and resolutions were introduced and courage, and understanding adequate to part of the House at the conference. severally referred as fallows: meet the demands of these obligations The message also announced that the in each recurring day. We pray in the By Mr. AND~SON of California: House had agreed to the report of the H. R. 5236. A bill for the relief of Maria name of Thy Son. Amen. committee of conference on the disagree Morano Vigorito; to the Committee on the THE JOURNAL ing votes of the two Houses on the Judiciary. . On request of Mr. McFARLAND, and by amendments of the Senate to the bill By Mr. BYRNE of New York: (H. R. 3709), making appropriations for H. R. 5237. A bill for the relief of Martin unanimous consent, the reading of the Huber; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Journal of the proceedings of Thursday, the Department of Labor, the Federal By Mr. CASE: August 16, 1951, was dispensed with. Security Agency, and related independ H. R. 5238. A bill for the relief of Albert ent agencies, for the fiscal year . ending 0. Holland and Bergtor Haaland; to the MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT- June i:O, 1952, and for other purposes; Committ ee on the Judiciary. APPROVAL OF BILLS that the House receded from its dis By Mr. CRAWFORD: Messages in writing from the Presi agreement to the amendment of the Sen II. R. 5239. A bill for the relief of Mrs. dent of the United States were com ate numbered 32 to the bill, and con Gertrud Elise Heinze; to the Committee on the Judiciary. municated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, curred therein, and that the House re By Mr. GREEN: one of his secretaries, and he announced ceded from its disagreement to the H. R. 5240. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Mary that the President had approved and · amendments of the Senate numbered 131 Wadlow; to the Committee on the Judiciary. signed the following acts: and 132, to the bill, and concurred By Mr. KEOGH: On August 14, 1951: therein, each with an amendment, in H. R. 5241. A bill for the relief of Biagio S. 350. An act for the relief of Z. D. Gil which it requested the concurrence of Marrazzo; to the Committee on the Judiciary. man Co., Inc.; the Senate. By Mr. LESINSKI: S. 1246. An act to amend certain laws re The message further announced that H. R. 5242. A bill for the relief of Alfonso Bommarito; to the Committee on the Ju lating to the submission of postmasters' ac the House had agreed to the report of diciary. counts under oath; and the committee of conference on the dis H. R. 5243. A bill for the relief of Moham S. 1442. An act for the relief of Marie agreeing votes of the two Houses on the m ad Wali Khan; to the Commit tee on the Louise Dewulf Maquet. amendments of the Senate to the bill Judiciary. On August 15, 1951: R. 3790) S. 29. An act for the relief of Teresa E.
Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I shali So long as there was no actual con LERJ alone on the defensive and to give speak far about 10 minutes in presenting test made o'Ver the Maryland senatorial the impression that Mr. Tydings con my observations on the report of the seat-and there is no dispute about ducted his campaign in absolute polit Committee on Rules and Administra that--theJ.·e remained only the complaint ical purity. tion. of tLiltair campaign practices to examine. This places the voters of Maryland, Therefore~ I ask ·Senators to wait, With Maryland-only one State ant of the Senator from MaryJa:nd fMr. BUT please. many-called to public attention for bad LER] who won the campaign, and the Mr. President, as ranking minority campaign practices, the subcommittee Republican Party, whose standard he member of the Rules Committee, .the should have broadened its investigation bore, tn an improper light totally unwar junior Senator :'.:rom Nebraska has some so as to embrace improper campaign ranted by the ci:reumsta:nces. direct interest in the report presented by cnnduct in all States where senatorial On page 39 of the report, the subcom the distinguished Senator from .Arizona elections took place. mittee makes the point that the Senator [Mr. HAYDEN}. Had it done that, the subcommittee from Maryland fMr. BUTLER] has not The Committee o·n Rulee and Admin report would have been more fairly bal disclaimed responsibility for acts re istration wisely; made provision for· the anced and better grounded, I think, in ported to have been done in. his cam filing of additional views., if Senators the information it o:ffers as the basis for paign. If I am correct, I believe those concerned wish to do so. l understand remedial legislation. are the last lines of the report. Per that the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. As the repert now stands, it works an sonaUy I think they should never have McCARTHY] has been speci:ficany men injustice-however unintentional-upon been included. ·in fact, I objected to tioned in this connection, an'd also is all concerned. that charge when the report was sub mentioned in the report. I am sure he Tllat is my main reason, Mr. President mitted to the :full committee. will make whate'"ler reply he thinks ap for voting against the· fuU committee If these acts were so bad, why did the p!'opriate. adoptioo of the report. I did not want subcommittee clear bim. I believe that The Senate has alwa;ys upheld the a major committee of which I am a question answers itself. great tradition and principle of its :pro member to censure one campaign out of Moreover, the Senator from Mary]and cedures, by which every Member is en many. when there·was no cvntest of the took an active part during the hearings titled to present his views and none will senatorial seat involved, and when the :in denying responsibility for the acts be suppressed. conditions brought forward by the report charged about his campa!gn. The report which has been submitted are Nation-wide. That is my point and Finally the subcommittee itself found by the committee chairman [Mr. HAY the whole burden of my remarks. the evidence insufficient to recommend DEN] comes to the Senate by vote of the This view, I think, will appeal to tem unseating the Senator from Maryland. Rules Committee on August 8. Al perate Members on both sides of the The subcommittee reported: though that vote was taken in executive aisle, because any fair survey of national Much af the 195() Maryland senatorial cam session, information ebout it reached the elections in recent years wm show that paign . was in the regular and. tradl?tional press, and newspapers reported that the misconduct in campaign practices is not American poUtieal pattern. And Eike any vig junior Senator from Nebraska voted limited to one political party, nor are o:romly fought election, it hadl gaodl and bad against the acceptance of the subcom such p.ractices properly the subiect of a features tbat stand out. mittee report. moral indictment against any one State. Mr. Presi-:fent, that is a fair and, I be Mr. President, that is true. I did vote I do not intend to ana]yze the com lieve, a true observation. Again, had the against accepting the report for very mittee report or to criticize it in de.tail subcommittee stopped there, I could important reasons. which I believe this afternoon. But there are other rea have accepted the report; but it went shoUld appeal to Members on bath sides sons, springing from the report itself, on to pick out the bad features. and to of the aisle. why I voted against its acceptance by the focus an the faults of our election laws What I have to say now fs no reflec full committee. on Maryland, as: something of a horrible t:on on the work of the members of the The subcommittee had one question example. Subcommittee on Privileges and Elec to answer, and that is whether there Other campaigns in 1950 a:id. in pre tions which rendered this report. I am were sufficient reasons for a recommen vious years have been just as heated, convinced they approched their delicate dation to the Rules Committee to start · jU:>1; as vigoro:.isly contested!. and just as task in a sincere and constructive way. formal proceedings to unseat the Sen full of border-line campaign practices. Yet the nature of their assignment led atorfrom Maryland fMr. Bvrr.ERJ. In :f~ •. if the sub.committee bad ex..,. - ·them to formulate a ·report which is not The report answered that question 'P,lored the subject ill. proper histcrical a model for Senate investigations, nor cleanly and directly in these words: perspe.ctive, it would have found that is it just to the parties concerned in the The facts developed from the evidence before present-day political campaigns. file con Maryland election. thls subcommittee are not sufficient in our tests with velvet gloves. as compared to judgment to recommend the unseating of in history of The subcommittee permitted circum Senator Btn'LER Ep. 2 ot report). others the past the Nation. stances to lead it. I think, into making Mr. President, if f;llyone questions that a compos.ite report, which in many Mr. President, that automatically con statement, I wish to refer to a book en I ways is every bit as bad as the com firms the seat of the Senator from Mary titled "The Americalil Past." by Roger posite picture in the Tydings t~bloid was land. Butterfield, a historian. If Senators declared to be. Had the subcommittee developed this would Iike to spend a rainy afte:rnoon or It is easy to see how this came about. conclusion by thorough investigation of even a day in examining what has been On the one hand, the subcommit both sides of the Maryland campaign, do:ie :in past campaigns, I recommend an tee narrowed its sights to Maryland, and without going so far afield in its examination of the cartoons included. in although there was no actual contest for observations on bad campaign practices this book. For instance, on page 20 the senatorial seat from Maryland to in general, l could have concurred in its there appears a cartoon of George Wash provide justification. findings. I want the members of the ington himself, who is represented as Then, on the other hand, the sub subcommittee to know that. repelling an invasion of French Re-pub committee enlarged the scope of its ob But the subcommittee report did not lican "cannibals" while seated in what servations on bad campaign practices treat the Maryland campaign as a whole, is called his Federalist cba1·iot. the to include sweeping assumptions and nor did it confine itself to the main ques wheels of which are held back by a recommendations. tion. The subcommittee limited itself to frantic-looking Thomas Jefferson. Just By bringing the two. together in a the complaints filed by the fo.rmer Sen think of that-even the father of his single report, the effect is to present a ator from Maryland, Mr. Tydings. I country was held up to political lam composite picture which focuses upon the wish to say in defense of the committee pooning. That cartoon is to be found single State of Maryland, upon the Re that, as I understand it, Mr. Tydings' on page 20 of this book. Turning to publican Party alone ·in Maryland. and complaint was the only one filed. page 32, we find the black-eyedr hatchet upon one candidate out of many in both While the subcommittee is well within faced, unscrupulous Aaron Burr. Here political parties, the full brunt of criti its right to confine the scope of its in he is depicted as. an animal; he is a devil cism of campaign practices that deserve quiry, the unfortunate result was to place with horns. That was when he was Nation-wide attention. the Senator ~rom Maryland [Mr. BuT- running for election. I have nev~r seen 10306 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 20 anything quite so vicious in a cartoon Mr. WHERRY. That is correct; and cited the last three lines of the report on as this one. that supports my argument that we page 39. At the last meeting of the Rules Passing on further, we find "The should not stop with the recommenda Committee, at which the report was ap Charming Madisons," and Senators tions regarding the Maryland campaign. proved, I gained the impression that, should see how President Madison is We should thoroughly investigate all had a i~10tion been made, the statement depicted, on page 50, at a time when he elections which have been challenged, contained in those last three lines of the was contesting for the office of President and all elections as to which it has been report might have been stricken. I am of the United States. suggested there ought to be further not sure about it, because the meeting Turning to page 90, we find Andrew investigation. adjourned before that was ever done. Jackson depicted suggestively in con I may say to the distinguished Senator However, I think the three last lines nection with "The Downfall of Mother from Maine that I really hope my state should never have been written into the Bank." It represents him as being in ment is constructive. Before the Sena report. a state of intoxication, in which he sees tor came upon the floor, I had already Secondly, if the distinguished Senator snakes, and in which his face is por stated, I think, that I thought the work from Maine will listen to me for a mo trayed as everything but what it should of the subcommittee was intended to be ment, because I am speaking to her ob be. His body is easily identifiable as objective, but that the recommendations servation-and I think she will recall that of a serpent. of the subcommittee go further than the that on a previous occasion I very for Mr. President, when people talk about facts of the Maryland election investi cibly stated that I thought the speech pictures, let them look at the manner in gation warrant. If we are to write rules of the junior Senator from Connecticut which Andrew Jackson was caricatured of conduct, or attempt to write them, [Mr. BENTON] was most unfortunate in that campaign. and if they are to be applied to every she will understand my position is that if Turning to page 94, we find carica State in the Union, it will be necessary we are to formulate rules of conduct and tures of the whole list of anti-Masonic not only to investigate thoroughly the propose remedial legislation, the subject party candidates. The caricatures are practices, both fair and unfair, employed goes far beyond what is contained in the something terrific·. Next, we come to in campaigns, but to examine the elec report of the subcommittee. It will re-. Van Buren. tion laws of each of the States of the quire an exhaustive research into all of Mrs. SMITH of Maine. Mr. President, Union. It is going to be very difficult to the practices under all of the State elec will the Senator yield? write rules of conduct which will be tion laws. If we could proceed on that Mr. WHERRY. I yield to the Senator acceptable to all the States of the Union, basis, with the services of the full staff, from Maine. and which will conform to the historical and a study by the full committee, I Mrs. SMITH of Maine. Does the Sen pattern of campaigns which have been should certainly be willing to carry out ator from Nebraska consider that two held in the United States. the recommendations. wrongs make a right, one canceling the Mrs. SMITH of Maine. The junior Mr. HENNINGS. Mr. President, will other? Senator from Maine was on the floor the Senator yield? Mr. WHERRY. No. What I am en when the junior Senator from Nebraska Mr. WHERRY. I want to yield fur deavoring to say, if the distinguished made that statement; but did not the ther to the Senator from Maine [Mrs. Senator from Maine will permit, is that junior Senator from Nebraska state to SMITH], bef.ore yielding to any other if we are to have new rules of conduct, the junior Senator from Maine that the Senator. • as to which I am in complete agreement subcommittel had done a good job in Mrs. SMITH of Maine. I quite agree with the recommendations of the com writing its report? with the Senator from Nebraska that it mittee, our investigation must not be Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. was most unfortunate that the Benton confined only to the Republican cam Mrs. SMITH of Maine. Then, I did resolution was submitted at the time it paign in the State of Maryland in 1950. not misunderstand the Senator. was, because the committee had very ,We must inquire into the historical back Mr. WHERRY. Oh, no. What I said carefully stated in its recommendations grounds of all campaigns. We must ex at the outset was, I thought the com that whatever action might be taken amine into the historical backgrounds of mittee had done a whale of a job which should not be retroactive. State campaigns. A careful examina had been assigned to it; it cleared JoHN Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. tion would have to be made of the elec . BUTLER and I said I thought the report Mrs. SMITH of Maine. The Benton tion laws in all the States of the Union. was objective. But I think the recom resolution should have no connection If the work were to be carried on in that mendations go much further than is with the report on the Maryland elec fashion, I want to say to my distin warranted by the findings in merely the tion. I may state further that the com guished colleague from Maine it would Republican campaign in the State of mittee would very gladly have continued require the time and study of the full Maryland. If we are to write rules of the hearing, had there been any kind of committee, with adequate staff, and it conduct, we must go far beyond the work manifested intention or suggestion to would involve the expenditure of a con done by the subcommittee which has that effect. I think the Senator from siderable sum of money, which might be made Hs recommendations on the basis Nebraska will remember very clearly that difficult to obtain from the Senate. We of its investigation of the Republican the Senator from Wisconsin was given ought to explore the historical back senatorial campaign in the State of every opportunity to propose changes in ground, clear back to the beginning of Maryland alone. • the report. our Government. · If an investigation of Mrs. SMITH of Maine. Mr. President, Mr. HENNINGS. Mr. President, will that sort were made, we would have a will the Senator yield further? the Senator yield? better idea of what is necessary in order Mr. ~HERRY. I am glad to yield. Mr. WHERRY. I will yield to the to· attempt to write rules of conduct to Mrs. SMITH of Maine. The junior Senator from Missouri in a moment. govern senatorial campaigns. That was Senator from Maine wants to be sure The changes which I think the Senator · · my idea. that she understood correctly when the from Wisconsin might have requested Mrs. SMITH of Maine. Mr. President, junior Senator from Nebraska told her were not, I think, in the provisions of will the Senator from Nebraska yield that it was a good report. I am either· the report with which I am dealing. I further? misunderstanding now what the Senator did not ask to have the report held over, Mr. WHERRY. I am glad to yield. is saying, or I misunderstood what he because my feeling is that we could not Mrs. SMITH of Maine. Is not the said at that time; and I should like to take this report, alone, as the basis for junior Senator from Nebraska aware of have a clarification of it. changes in election laws, or even as an the fact that the subcommittee has also · Mr. WHERRY. I think I made some attempt to formulate new rules of con on its agenda the investigation of the very pertinent observations immediately duct for Members of the Senate. Ohio election? after the report was submitted by the Mrs. SMITH of Maine and Mr. HEN Mr. WHERRY. I am aware of that. Senator from Arizona. I said then, while NINGS addressed the Chair. Mrs. SMITH of Maine. Is the Senator I wanted to compliment the committee The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the not aware of the fact that the subcom on the work which had been done and Senator from Nebraska yield, and if so, mittee has on its agenda a schedule of on the report which had been submitted, to whom? hearings designed to do the very thing yet I did riot ·agree with some of the Mr. WHERRY. I still want to yield of which he speaks? contents of the report. For· example, I further to the S e n at~ r from Maine. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10307 Mrs. SMITH of Maine. In order to ing Federal election laws, we would have Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, keep the record straight, let me ask to make an exhaustive research with a will the Senator.yield? whether the Senator from Nebraska feels full staff. Mr. WHERRY. I yield. that anyone was denied the privilege of Mr. HENNINGS. Mr. President, will Mr. HENDRICKSON. Is it not true making any suggestions concerning the the Senator yield? that at the full committee meeting when report. Mr. WHERRY. I yield. the report was first presented it was dis Mr. WHERRY. No, but I think the re- Mr. HENNINGS. I thank the minor- cussed and there was opportunity to offer port of the subcommittee was disclosed a ity leader for permitting me, first, to amendments, and, in fact, one amend little too quickly. I believe the sub- commend him upon his historic research ment was otrered by the junior Senator committee should have held the report in connection with Roger Butterfield's from Wisconsin, and that amendment until the full committee had had ample great book, in the appendix of which was adopted? time to study it. But the committee de- there will be found a number of cartoons Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. cided otherwise. by Tom Nast, Davenport, and all the Mr. HENDRICKSON. So that all The subcommittee's report was sub- great caricaturists of the past, indicating members of the full committee did have mitted to the full committee on Friday, that political campaigns in the United an opportunity to amend the report if August 3, at which time the full com- States have not always been in the na they so desired? mittee voted to permit its release to the ture of Sunday-school picnics, and that Mr. WHERRY. I think, if the Sena press as a· subcommittee report, to be the characters were not always painted tor would let me conclude, he will find acted upon later by the full committee. in the nature of little Lord Fauntleroys. out that I am not in any way ignoring There was only a few days' time between However, as the distinguished Senator the fact that the report was properly that date and August 8 when the full from Nebraska has suggested, the junior filed. I was one who urged that it be committee voted to accept the report. Senator from Missouri did at one time filed. I am saying, again, that the re It would have been impossible to study in hold the view that a complete job of port should have been filed without ex detail the provisions and recommenda- research into the precedents, including tending its recommendations beyond tions of the report, in that short time. the book of the distinguished historian, what was encompassed in the Maryland Mrs. SMITH of Maine. Mr. Presi- Roger Butterfield, and others, could be election. I am not condoning the com dent, will the Senator yield further? made with a view to determining cam- posite pictures of former campaigns. I Mr. WHERRY. ram glad to yield. paign practices from the very beginning am not saying that two wrongs make a · Mrs. SMITH of Maine. Is it not true of our Republic. right._ but I am saying that if we are that there was considerable discussion Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. going to write rules of conduct, which, of the recommendations, and that they Mr. HENNINGS. It was my view that to my mind, is a separate matter from were to be sent to the Senate only as a the law relating to fair comment should, investigating the campaign in Maryland matter of preparation for the full hear- for example, be analyzed and approached as to whether the Senator from Mary th t ft in a lawyer-like fashion, so that the land should hold his seat, an exhaustive ings, with the thought in mind a. a er committee in ·writing the Maryland re the full hearings action would be taken research should be made. I think there on the recommendations? port might, as the distinguished Senator should be a well-paid staff. I think the from Nebraska suggests, encompass the investigation would extend into many Mr. WHERRY. My recollection is entire field of campaigns in the United months, because the committee would there was very little discussion of the States. have to study the election laws of every specific recommendations made by the Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. State of the Union in order to be pre subcommittee or what was to be done Mr. HENNINGS. It was at one time pared to recommend amendatory legis with them, when the full committee my view that we should be far more de lation. acted to accept the Maryland election liberate in pursuing the authorities, as Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, report on August U. Probably the sub- the junior Senator·from Nebraska sug I am not quite sure whether the distin committee brought out its report because gests, but, as I recall, we were under the guished Senator has answered my ques of the insistence of at least one member greatest pressure-- tion as to whether or not the report was of the committee. Certainly we were in- Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. amended. terested in developing sufficient facts out Mr. HENNINGS. And finally, with Mr. WHERRY. Oh, yes. I thought of the investigation, to the point where suggestions benign and friendly from I said it had been amended. it would be known whether a challenge. the distinguished minority leader, as Mr. HENDRICKSON. It was not could be made as to seating the Senator well as other Senators on both sides of clear in my mind. from Maryland. the aisle, we got out a report. Mr. WHERRY. I have no objection I remember on two or three other Mr. WHERRY. On the Senator from to the way in which the report was occasions, when the distinguished Sen- Maryland. handled. I did vote against reporting ator from Missouri [Mr. HENNINGS] com- Mr. HENNINGS. Be it said that it was to the full committee and releasing the plained about the haste in submitting never suggested, particularly, as r recall, _report at the same time. I felt that if recommendations, as I understood, until that we get out a good report, or that a Ut ·~le more study could have been niade time was afforded to make a complete it contain this, that, or the other thing. prior. to action on it by the full com study of what would be needed as a basis Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. mittee, it would have been a healthy for remedial legislation. Mr. HENNINGS. The pressure was thing. But the committee overruled me. It is particularly that point that I am constant upon· the subcommittee to get I suspect the contents ·of the rep1Jrt stressing today. My feeling is that I out a report though the heavens fall, and would have leaked out anyway. Such could not take, as a basis for the recom- - to get it out quickly. Am I not correct? things do get out. . mendations made by the subcommittee, Mr. WHERRY. . The Senator is abso- What makes the subcommittee report only its investigation of the Republican lutely correct; and the heavens did fall unacceptable to me is that it is written senatorial campaign in Maryland. when the seat of the Senator from Mary- in a historical vacuum which unduly Mrs. SMITH of Maine. Again, in land was not contested. magnifies the bad practices of current order to keep the record straight, was it Mr. HENNINGS. The committee was political campaigns while no standards not the junior Senator from Nebraska not sufficiently profound and not suffi for judging proper conduct are in force. who pressed the committee very hard to ciently comprehensive in its etrorts. I The subcommittee makes observations, get out a report, and who thought we was compelled to change my original conclusions, and recommendations which were hasty when we brought it out? view because of the desire expressed by are not founded on adequate facts and Mr. WHERRY. I do not think it was our colleagues that the report be gotten are totally unrealistic in modern po very hasty so far as the Senator from out. As a result, many of us worked litical life. Were we to follow some of Maryland was concerned. The recom- many nights until midnight, on Satur these recommendations without further mendations which refer to establishing days and Sundays; undertaking to please profound study, we would regulate Fed rules of conduct are another thing. I our distinguished friend, the minority eral elections to the point of extinction am sure I said in the committee meeting leader, and other Senators who justifi altogether. on August 8 that I felt if we were to ably, I say, and properly, were interested From my observations of political approach the subject with the purpose in having a report as soon as possible. campaigns in many States, I am inclined ot writing rules of conduct and amend-.'}.~ . I thank the Senator from Nebraska. to support the view that the present laws 10308 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 20 are inadequate to guide political be wrongdoing is horrible an i private corrup Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I havior. I want the members of the sub tion is innocuous. And ~t would be interest yield for that purpose, with the under ing to know with certainty just how many committee to know that I am in complete duly elected and seated Members of the Sen standing that I do not lose the floor. agreement with them in that respect. ate have consistently kept their campaign The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. The excesses and extremes we see in expenditures within the prescribed financial SMITH of North Carolina in the chair). political campaigns stem partly from the bounds. Without objection, it·is so ordered. absence of standards and partly from If the spending limit was to mean any Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, I move existing but outmoded law. But they thing, it had to have teeth. Without such that the unfinished business be tem are rooted also in the confusions and · provision, it sounds a lot like the Pharisee's porarily laid aside and that the Senate prayer of thanks that he was not like the proceed to the consideration of Calendar conflicts of our times which have ex rest of men: extortioners, unjust. posed our political system, along with The report also failed to mention the No. 594, House bill 4601, to provide that all other aspects of our life, to the vicious charc-- that w:ire made but not substanti the admissions tax shall not apply in re disease of moral deterioration. ated by its investigation. And Marylanders spect of admissions free of charge of Not all these infections can be re are well aware that the regrettable nature uniformed.members of the Armed Forces moved by framing codes or passing laws. of the contest was by no means a one-sided · of the United States. There are many things we must and affair. We find no reference to the elabo The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill should leave to the unwritten standards rately built-up kidnaping that turned out will be stated by title for the information to be a figment of imagination and gulli of the Senate. of the times, to the counterbalancing bility if not just a plain hoax. Nor is there forces of political competition, and to mention of the little pamphlet th'.1t peddled The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (H. R. the good sense and judgment of the as truth statements that, in complete con 4601 ) to provide that the admissions tax American people. text, me ....n t the contradictory of what they shall not apply in respect of admissions In my view the Senate can receive the were proffered for. free of charge of uniformed members of report of the Committee on Rules and Condemnation of outside influences by the the Armed Forces of the United States. Administration for one purpose only, committee is a bit far-fetched in times when The PRESIDING OFFICER. The such participation is quite common. Mr. question is on the motion of the Senator that is for its settlement of the main Roosevelt tried it here; Mr. Truman tried it question in the Maryland election, in Missouri. It's done almost everywhere. from Georgia. namely, that there is no evidence suffi And it is up to Marylanders whether they Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will cient to recommend the unseating of the accept or resent it. Its effect in this in the distinguished Senator from Georgia junior Senator from Maryland [Mr. stance was probably negligible. Senator state whether the bill is a tax measure? BUTLER]. McCARTHY told us nothing we didn't already · Mr. GEORGE. It is a tax measure, All the rest of the report, including the know about whitewash and Fulton Lswis, but I wish to explain the purpose of the sweeping assumptions and recommenda Jr., is a Maryland resident. bill. The purpose is simply to renew a The truth of the matter is that the Sen tions on political behavior, is obiter dicta. ate committee, whatever they may have similar act which was in effect in World Material which goes so. far afield has no thought about it. was not investigating the War II. The bill provides that in the place in this report. Its inclusion works irregularities of . our election. They were case of free passes given to soldiers in injustice by innuendo and by implica trying to pacify the outcries of an adminis uniform, the so-called admission tax on tion. It is inadequate as a basis for tration stalwart who had suffered defeat by tickets to theaters shall not be paid. sound legislation. the surprisingly large margin of 48,000 votes The bill has been unanimously recom Having placed the report in its proper at the hands of former supporters whose mended by the Senate Committee on sense of justice and pride in his previous perspective, the Senate, by proper resolu record as their representative had been Finance at a rather· full meeting. I may tion, can and should authorize the Com shaken or destroyed by the cavalier man say it is favored by the membets of the mittee on Rules and Administration to ner in which he had directed hearings that committee. It applies only to the soldier mak~ a broad and thorough study of concerned-and still concern-every loyal in uniform during the present conflict present-day political practices. . American. And, thank God, most Maryland in which we are engaged, when the ad The object should not be the destruc ers are still loyal Americans. mission itself is an admission free of tive one of whipping the past into a That there were, in the election, irregulari charge to the soldier. It relieves him ties and reprehensible conduct, conscious or froth of sensation, but the constructive negligent, we do not question. We do not only of the excise tax. one of improving standards for political remember any election of the past half-cen The . PRESIDING OFFICER. The campaigning in the future. We ·have tury that made headlines for its rectitude. question is on the motion of the Senator approximately 9 months in which to And we would like to see laws with teeth in from Georgia, that the Senate proceed complete such a study if we wish to gain them to keep elections clean. to the consideration of the bill. its benefits in the coming national elec But the widespread publicity, however The motion was agreed to; and the tions. heartrending, doesn't make Maryland's re bill
10324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-S'ENATE AUGUST 20 . much consideration by that body. There is PROMISES COMPLETE PROBE who signed the report. allowed the staff who no partnership of interest under the present . On the first day of the hearings held by composed it to phrase .the document in the system and a committee chairman can the Tydings committee, Tydings leaned language of political invective.~· squelch any inquiry he wishes to squelch. across the table and said to McCARTHY: · Philadelphia Inquirer: "The ineffective "You are the m·an who occasioned this job performed by the Tydings subcommittee That is August 3, 1950. hearing, and so far as I am concerned 1n this points further to the need of better investi If the article in the tabloid libeled committee you · are going to get one of the gating machinery to check on the Govern Mr. Tydings, then the article by this most complete investigations ever given ln ment's loyalty program." outstanding, unbiased, military expert the history of this Republic, so far as my New York Journal American: "The libeled him infinitely more. abilities will permit." Tydings group, belonging to the Senate For On another day, November 20, 1950, This statement appears on page 6, part I of eign Relations Committee, has indisputable / the official record of the hearings printed at jurisdiction to conduct a genuine investi David Lawrence said: the United States Government Printing gation. So far, the subcommittee has made The House committee did a splendid job, Office by the Senate Committee on Foreign hardly a gesture in this direction." but Senator Tydings who dominated the Relations. Philadelphia Inquirer: "The net result of Senate Armed Services Committee, did a the Administration's senseless failure to co whitewash. Will politics be laid aside now PARTY LINE "REPORT" operate in the problem of alleged com to ascertain how the colossal blunder in our Tydings made this statement a few short munism infiltration into the Government strategy was made? The next of kin of moments after the first public session of the has been to increase suspicion and lower the the nearly 9,000- committee opened. Four months later, on State Department's prestige.'' July 17, Tydings submitted what he called a Boston Herald: "The villain in the present And that figure now is much higher report on the so-called investigation. Sena investigation is not Senator McCARTHY. The who are gone woulcl probably like to know tor GREEN, Democrat, of Rhode Island, and villain is Senator Millard E. Tydings of what Congress and the President will do Senator McMAHON, Democrat, of Connecticut Maryland, who has acted from the start as about the leaders whose military judgment signed the Tydings report. 1f it were MCCARTHY who was on trial, who has been tried and found wanting. In his report, Tydings not only white has thrown every conceivable stumbling washed every person mentioned by McCarthy block in his way and who has acted as if Mr. McCARTHY. Next is an article but revealed that, contrary to the direct he was far more interested in protecting a entitled "Senator Tydings Promised orders of the Senate, he had not made any lot of fuzzy-minded intellectuals from em Probe, but Gave Whitewash Instead." effort to find a single fact on his own. barrassment than he was in guarding the This consists almost entirely of a This miserable performance was con rights of American citizens who would rather documented chronological story of the demned by Senators HICKENLOOPER, of Iowa, be caught dead in a pig pen than 1n their hearing with the authorities clearly cited and LODGE, of Massachusetts, two members company." of the committee who flatly refused to sign Providence Journal: "We would like to see in the story itself. I ask unanimous co)l the Tydings report. the whole matter taken out of the hands o:C sent that that news article be printed in the Tydings group and ttirned over to some the RECORD, in full. Mr. McCARTHY. Next is an article more responsible investigating body.'' There being no objection, the matter headed "Nation's Press Blasts Tydings Detroit News: "Having earlier embraced referred to was ordered to be printed in Whitewashing." No comment is neces and defended Lattimore, Sena.tor Tydings' the RECORD, as follows: sary on these editorials from various group appears now to be bent on proving newspapers throughout the country SENATOR 1I'YDINGS PROMISED PROBE, BUT GAVE mainly that he is a myth-a man without WHITEWASH INSTEAI>-COMMrrrEE IGNORES other than to say that all are easily any influence or status whatever. This available to anyone interested in look change of line would not make sense, unless McCARTHY'S CHARGES the committee already knows much more WASHINGTON, D. C.-The failure of Senator ing them up to make sure that they were properly and accurately quoted in the than it has yet told the public." Tydings (Democrat) of Maryland·to carry out New York Herald Tribune: "The Tydings the orders of the United States Senate to tabloid. I ask unanimous consent that subcommittee had proceeded with a colos investigate the State Department now has the article may be printed in the RECORD sal incompetence." be~n proven conclusively in the CONGRES at this point. Washington News: "As chalrman of the SIONAL RECORD. There being no objection, the article subcommittee appointed to investigate al The CONGRESSIONAL RECORD 1s the official was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, leged Communist influences in the State report of all proceedings in the Senate and Department, Senator Tydings of Maryland House of Representatives of the United as follows: NATION'S PRESS BLASTS TYDINGS WHITEWASH.• has. it within his power to be of great service ,,., States. to his country. But he is muffing that op ING-PROBE WAS RED HERRING FOR PARTY, M'CARTHY BROUGHT CHARGES portunity. In his eagerness to discredit Sen PAPERS SAY ator McCARTHY, he has almost completely The official history of Tydings' failure Senator Tydings' handling of the investi shows that on February 20, 1950, Senator overlooked the real question at issue-the gation of the State Department brought a alleged Communist infiltration of the Gov JOE McCARTHY, Republican, of Wisconsin flood of criticism upon Congress and par charged on the floor of the SenaU, that he ernment. He ls conducting a partisan star ticularly of Maryhmd's senior representative had evidence indicating that Communists chamber proceeding, apparently designed to and Communist sympathizers were employed in the United States Senate. Here are a few bury the inquiry just as soon as the white quotations from newspapers all over the wash brush can be applied without provok in the United States Government. country: He told the Senate that the Government's ing undue public protests. Known as a man own files in the FBI, Army intelligence, Navy Cleveland Plain Dealer: "The Tydings sub of more promise than achievement, possibly committee, by its intemperate use of lan because of lack of industry, he has a chance intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, guage, its obvious bias and partisanship and Secret Service, Civil Service, United States here to add luster to his name simply by loyalty boards, and the State Departinent its general failure to do what it was created throwing the inquiry wide open and putting would bear out the charges. to do, earned the general criticism with competent investigators at work. Instead which its report was greeted in the Senate." he is letting it degenerate into a crude The Senate 2 days later, February 22, by a Charlotte Observer: "The Democratic ma farce." unanimous vote ordered its committee on jority, headed by Senator Tydings of Mary Philadelphia Inquirer: "Instead of press foreign relations to make an immediate in land never gave much evidence that it really vestigation. ing vigorously for a thorough, impartial desired to dig up evidence to sustain the sifting of the charges. both the President and SENATE RECOGNIZED DANGER Republican's charges." Tydings have chosen to treat the whole affair The exact words of the Senate's directive Los Angeles Times: "Thre.e of Mr. Tru as a partisan game." show plainly it recognized the utter collapse man's loyal friends in the Senate have tied of State Department security. a red herring to the bell clapper. The three Mr. McCARTHY. Next is an editorial The United States Senate order read: Democratic Senators were convenient tools. entitled "The Free State's Choice," ex "Resolved, That the Senate Committee on They put their political duty first, and that tolling the virtues of the Senator from Foreign Relations, or any duly authorized duty ts to uphold the Truman red herring Maryland [Mr. BUTLER] and mildly criti subcommittee th~reof, is authorized and doctrine." cizing Tydings in a much gentler vein directed to conduct a full and complete study New York Herald Tribune: "There 1s than most of the critical editorials which or Investigation as to whether persons who plenty of heat but not much light in the are disloyal to the United States are. or have report made by three· Senate Democrats appeared throughout the hearings. It been employed by the Department of State." criticizing the charges made by Senator Mc is needless to point out that if there is The Tydings whitewash committee from CARTHY, Republican concerning Communists anything scurrilous in this editorial then its ftrst day down to this. has never obeyed in the Government. It is most unfortunate a great number of honest newspapers that order. that Senators Tydings. McMahon and Green. have libeled Tydings. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10325 I ask that the editorial be printed in the RECORD of July 21 , 1950; the remarks internal propaganda tricks of totalitarian the RECORD at this point. of the Senator from Massachusetts ap states. Its intemperate language resembles There being no objection, the editorial pear in the RECORD of July 21, 1950; that which we might expect from Fascists, like Goebbels, or from the Communist, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the remarks of the Senator from Mich Vishinsky. Its attacks upon Senators in as follows: igan appear in the RECORD of July 24, stead of investigating charges are the same THE FREE STATE'S CHOICE 1950. turning upside down of the truth that en One of the most important national politi Also included are the remarks of the ables communism to make the absurd claim cal r aces in the country is centered today in Senator from South Dakota [Mr. MUNDT] that the United States is the aggressor in the Maryland battle between JOHN MARSHALL which appeared in the CONGRESSIONAL Korea and that South Korea committed an BUTLER and Millard E. Tydings for a seat in RECORD, volume 96, part 16, page 10814, act of aggression upon North Korea." the United States Senate. the additional remarks of the Senator M;. MUNDT. In view of the very extraor Tydings is fighting desperately for reelec dinary manner in which the so-called com tion in the face of overwhelming evidence from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE], which mittee report h as been given to the Senate, that he is not the man some thought he was appear~d in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, by virtue of the fact that in the original when Maryland first sent him to the Senate. volume 96, part 16, page 10917, and the instance it was labeled a "subcommittee re In 1938, Tydings was so independent that remarks of farmer Senator Donnell, port,'' and that, after the Committ ee on he successfully bucked the Roosevelt ma which appeared in the CONGRESSIONAL Foreign Relations had disavowed paternity . chine wh ich had attempted to unseat him. RECORD, volume 96, part 16·, page 10957. of the report, it was finally printed, and in Today he is known as one of the Senators I ask unanimous consent that these re the process of printing the jacket was who will "go along" with the White House marks, which I now hand to the Official changed from "subcommittee report" to in no matter what he is asked to do. dicate that it .was a report of the full com One of the biggest jobs he accomplished Reporter, he inserted in the RECORD at mittee; further, in view of the fact that for the Truman-Pendergast crowd was to this point to show -that these Senators what purports to be the complete hearings whitewash the disloyalty charges made were correctly quoted in the tabloid of the committee has been deleted, censored, against employees of the State Department. articles. and chopped up, in conformity with the evi Another accomplishment was to hold the There being no objection, the news dence presented by the Senator from Massa line as chairman of the Senate Armed Serv paper article and the excerpts from the chusetts; arid in view of the further fact ices Committee while the foreign policy of remarks of the Senators were ordered that the chairman of the committee himself the country was being butchered. It is cer to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: has spoken on the floor of the Senate, saying tai11ly not to his credit that this misadven he did not know there W
Mr. McCARTHY. Next, Mr. Presi such examination as claimed by Tydings signed and witnessed st~tements of four dent, are fillers entitled "United States had ever been made. State Department employees who had Spends Millions on Senseless Books"; Certainly the article points out a dis worked on the job of removing and destroy ing everything in department files which "Government Using Butter for Soap"; honest thing on the part of Tydings, a showed employees were either Communists "State Department Mute on Red-Held deliberate attempt to whitewash, but or sex perverts. United States Ships"; "Color Scheme"; those were his actions, and all we did, and "Expensive Failures." None of these Mr. President, was to disclose them. I FOUR SIGN STATEMENTS Following is an excerpt from one of the articles requires comment. Mr. Tydings am sure that no one will claim that J. four statements. It is signed by P.aUl E. is not referred to either directly or in Edgar Hoover in his letter, which we Sullivan: directly in any of these articles. They are having inserted in the RECORD, was "As per instructions I received, all of the are referred to as "fillers" in newspapers. lying about Mr. Tydings. clerks on this project were to pull out of the I ask. unanimous consent that they be Mr. President, I ask unanimous con files all matters considered derogatory either printed in the RECORD at this point. sent that the article and the other mat mora~ly or politically. The project was very ~- There being no obj"ection, the matters ters to which I have just referred be confused but I and the other clerks pulled referred to were ordered to be printed in printed in the RECORD at this point. out of each personnel file any material I which could be considered derogatory. This i the RECORD, as follows: _ I may say, for the convenience of the material was removed and some was thrown UNITED STATES SPENDS MILLIONS ON SENSELESS reporter, that photographs of the state in waste baskets by us and some was thrown BOOKS ments of the State Department em in a cardboard box. I do not . recall details \ The Federal Government ls the world's ployees are presented and the typewrit of each personnel file I examined, but the No. 1 publisher. Its printing costs amount ten copy of the statements also, because material I pulled out of the files pertained to more than $55,000,000 annually. It prints some of the penmanship is not too good. to either the morals of the person or in some and distributes such masterpieces as Inter There being no objection, the matters way reflected on his or her loyalty." action of Sex, Shape, and Height Genes in referred to were ordered to be printed Tydings denied that the files had been Watermelons, Mist-netting for Birds in tampered with-in spite of these signed Japan, and Habit, Food, and Economic in the RECORD, as follows; statements. He refus_ed to call Paul Sullivan Status of the Bandtailed Pigeon. FBI INVESTIGATED TYDINGS ON STATE DEPART• or any of the four who stated they were MENT FILES-FOUR EMPLOYEES ADMIT TAK willing to testify under oath that they them ING LOYALTY MATTER, BUT MARYLAND SENA GOVERNMENT USING BU'ITER FOR SOAP selves had destroyed material in State De TOR REFUSES To HEAR THEM partment files. He announced he was call The suggestion has been made to convert J. Edgar Hoover, the country's top sleuth, ing on the Department of Justice to tell the Department of Agriculture's 175,000,000 had to be called in during the Senate in him whether the files had been stripped or pounds of surplus butter into soap to clean vestigation of communism in the State De tampered with. up administration scandals that the white partment to solve a big mystery-whether or On June 21, Tydings told newspaper re wash failed to hide. not the chairman of the committee, Senator porters that "a special inquiry by the FBI Tydings, was telling the truth. has established as false McCARTHY'S accusa STATE DEPARTMENT MUTE ON RED-HELD UNITED When Senator JoE McCARTHY first told the tions that the files had been raped, skeleton STATES SHIPS Senate he believed the State Department ized, or tampered with in any way." The matter would have ended there had 1 The State Department recently reported was heavily infiltrated with Communists that the Soviet still retains 459 of the 585 and Communist sympathizers, he frankly not McCARTHY decided to ask J. Edgar United States naval craft that our Govern admitted that he alone could not give the Hoover, the boss of the FBI, about this. ment sent to them in the last war. They Senate all the evidence necessary to clean Mr. Hoover in the straightforward manner also have failed to return 84 of the 96 mer up the mess. He told the Senate it would which had made his word as good as gold chant ships loaned them during the war. have to delve into files prepared by eight throughout the Nation, replied on July 10 1A demand for return of only 217 of the naval governmental investigative agencies over a this was not true that the FBI had not 1craft has been made, but not for any of the long period of years at great cost to the made an inquiry into the files during the taxpayers. time the committee was looking at the files 1merchant ships. Asked-How come? the . State Department stands mute, in fact dumb. STATE FILES INCOMPLETE such as Tydings boasted. "The Federal Bureau of Investigation has McCARTHY told the Senate the State De made no such examination," G-Man Hoover COLOR SCHEME partment's loose-leaf files would not be wrote McCARTHY, "and therefore ls not in a Administration red hearings and white en9ugh-that in order to have a complete position to make any statement concerning washes are making the voters blue. honest investigation it would be necessary the completeness or incompleteness of the to look at all of the Government files on State Department files." these individuals-files from the Central In- EXPENSIVE FAILURES telligence Agency, the FBI, Army Intelli- CONTRADICTED BY HOOVER . In the fiscal years 1946 through 1950, the gence, Navy Intelligence, Secret Service, Hoover's statement, the direct opposite. of administration spent $95,650,000,000 on na- Civil Service, United States Loyalty Boards, Tydings', was taken to the :floor of the Sen ate and presented so all the country could 1 tional defense, yet was almost wholly un- as well as the State Department. prepared to fight a "police action" in Korea. At first, the committee headed by Senator see. Tydings appeared reluctant to look into any Had it not been for J. Edgar Hoover's I Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, next of these files. Then Tydings asked his boss. frank and honest report to McCARTHY the is an article entitled "FBI Investigated President Truman, if he could look at the truth never would have been known. Tydings on Otate Department Files." files of the 81 cases cited by McCARTHY. Following Hoover's letter Tydings made Then follows the subhead "Four em- Tydings first reported that Truman would another effort to clean up the mess: ployees admit taking loyalty matter, turn· over the files. Then he said he didn't 1. Peyton Ford, the President's appointee know whether he could get them or not. in the Department of Justice, obtained but Maryland Senator refuses to hear Then Tydings said the committee would be from the FBI copies of all FBI material pre them." allowed to look at only those parts of the viously sent to the State Department which In this connection, Mr. President. To files that were tn the State Department's should have been in the files. This was show that this is absolutely accurate. own loose-leaf filing system and would not proved by a letter from Ford to Tydings Mr. President, I ask that the following be allowed to look at any of the files on the dated July 17 which Tydings refused to show be inserted in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD individuals from any of the seven Govern- the press or put in the RECORD. A copy of at this point: ment investigative agencies. this letter was obtained by Senator Mc First. Statements of four present and TYDINGS MADE CONDITIONS CARTHY and given to the Washington press. former State Department employees What was more, Tydings announced cer- 2. Nearly a month .later, July 20, after whose task it was to rape the files. tain conditions under which the Senators there was ample time to insert this material Second. Press stories from the New could look at these loose-leaf State Depart- in the files and after the committee had ment files: said its task was completed and returned York Herald Tribune and the New York (1) They would have to look at them at the files to the State Department, the At Times quoting Mr. Tydings to the effect the White House behind locked and guarded torney General ordered the FBI to examine that the FBI had examined the files doors; (2) no staff member would accompany the files, to determine whether the material and found them complete. or assist the committee members; and (3) no which it had sent to Ford June 16, 1!)50, was Third. Copy of letter from Senator pencil notes could be taken. now in the State Department files. McCARTHY to J. Edgar Hoover inquir- Previously, McCARTHY had told the com 3. The letter from Hoover dated Septem ing as to whether such an examination mittee repeatedly that State Department ber 8-long after the "investigation" had loose-leaf files would be of no benefit be- ended-states that the files, as examined by of the files had been made. ' cause certain FBI material and reports of them, not during any of the time that the Fourth. Letter from J. Edgar Hoover other Government investigators had been committee was allegedly looking at the files to Senator McCARTHY stating that no removed. McCARTHY even gave Tydings but long thereafter, were then complete. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD-SENATE 10327 JULY 11, 1950 . . out all derogatory material from the file. In Building of the State Department at New I, Burney Threadgill, Jr., make this state addition to the usual personnel forms, the York Avenue and Eighteenth Street. I filled ment without any promises whatsoever. I files contained all kinds of letters, reports, out an application form and started working make this statement in order to tell the memorandum concerning the individual per a couple of days later on August 15, in the truth. son. As per instructions I received, all of State Department personnel files. My em In the fall of 1946 I contacted a Mr. Hol the clerks on this project were to pull out ployment was only temporary for the dura combe, who was personnel placement officer of the files all matters considered deroga- tion of a file project. for the State Department, at the Walker tory either mor'ally or politically. · I and the other clerks received instructions Johnson Building. He advised me· that he The project was very confused but I and orally and by a form paper that we were to would hire me only as a temporary clerk on the other clerks pulled out of each personnel go .through all the State Department per a file project of the State Department files. file any material which could be considered sonnel files and remove all papers, letters, I started working in the State Department derogatory. This material was removed and memorandum, and reports except adminis files at the Walker-Johnson Building around some was thrown in wastebaskets by us and trative forms containing the employee's ap November 1, 1946. I worked for about 6 some was thrown in a cardboard box. I plication, background information, and Ram weeks on this file project. My duties were to don't know what happened to the deroga speck raises and administrative forms of that take the file which contained the qualifica tory material we pulled out from the files, nature. We worked on this project remov.ing tions of the State Department employees, but I do know of my own knowledge that a the papers from the files until December 31, background forms, and administrative pro good lot of it was destroyed. 1946. After all of the papers were removed motions, and type this information on. a I do not recall details of each personnel from the files, they were thrown into waste card for that employee. The files were file I examined, but the material I pulled baskets and cardboard boxes. The remaining brought to me and placed on my desk. out of the files pertained to either the morals administrative papers I have described, re This project was being performed appar of the r ::rson or in some way reflected on his mained in the files and the files were taken ently on some sort of deadline date, because or her loyalty. I recall one thick report on to adjoining offices next to the big file room George Copp, who was supervisor over the one State Department employee who was where the information left in the file was clerks on this project, was often telling me accused of being a photographer and a mem typed on a card. I can't recall now any speci and the others that we had to.. get the job . ber of some subversive organization which fic case but I do know that all papers, reports, done and that it had already passed the published some sort of news report. This memorandum which reflected on the State deadline and that he had arranged to extend was removed from the file ·and disposed of. Department employee was removed from the the deadline and that if we did not meet the I worked from September till the end of file and disposed of in wastebaskets and boxes new deadline it would reflect on his efficiency. December 1946, working on this file project except the papers I have described. I did not I do not know or recall what the other pulling out and disposing of the derogatory actually take part in destroying the papers clerks were doing with the files before I material as per my understanding given me. but after we threw the papers in the baskets received them, because I was at a desk and I left on December 31, 1946, and this proj and boxes, the next day the room was cleared had the files brought to me where I typed ect on the personnel files was still :riot fin up and I presume the charwomen took care the contents on a card as I previously stated ished, but my temporary appointment ran of emptying the baskets and boxes. I do not in this statement. I do recall that the files out and my employment with the State De recall being told why we were stripping the brought to me contained the original appli partment ended. files of all material except the administrative cation, administrative forms, such as Ram I can't recall who the official in charge of forms. George Copp was the supervisor in speck promotions and transfers. I also re these files was. I met him only a very few charge of myself and the other clerks on this call that some very few contained investiga times, but I could easily recognize him if project. I recall at first George Copp stated tive reports. I saw him. we had to complete this project in 3 months. This project was very confused, hurried, I have read this statement of three pages I don't see how he could possibly have esti and very little supervision of the clerks. I and the facts are true to the best of my mated such a short time, but finally he told recall talking to one of the other clerks-I knowledge and belief. us that he had to extend the deadline till the can't recall his name at this time-when he PAUL E. SULLIVAN. end of December 1946. George Copp was told me that he knew some of the employees Witnessed: always telling us to hurry and get the job of the State Department had come to the DONALD A. SURINE. done otherwise he would be made the "goat." files and removed the derogatory material · He said this so many times that we nick which was in the file on themselves. JULY 7, 1950. namea him "the goat." ~ I was located in an office where I did not The following is information I am giving I left in the State Department in December see or have reason to go into the big room freely and voluntarily without any promises 1946 because my temporary assignment as fwhere the files were. The following is a plan whatsoever. I furnish this information be clerk was finished. ' where I was located: cause it is the truth. I have read this statement of three pages l [Diagram.] "In August 1946 I started working as a and it is true. J I have read this statement of three pages clerlc in the State Department at the Walker Signed, and it is true. Johnson Building at Eighteenth and New FRANCIS EUGENE O'BRIEN. BURNEY THREA,DGILL, Jr. York Avenue NW., Washington, D. C. I was assigned to a project with other clerks on the [From the New York Herald-Tribune of JULY 6, 1950. State Department personnel files. We all June 22, 1950) The following information is given by me were instructed to remove all derogatory ma freely and voluntarily without any promises terial from the personnel files and we were TYDINGS ASSERTS FBI CLEARED STATE DEPART• whatsoever. I furnish this information be instructed to dispose of this material. The MENT FILES-SAYS CHECK-UP SHOWED No cause it is the truth and I feel it is my pa derogatory material consisted of. letters, LOYALTY DATA TAMPERING AS CHARGED BY triotic duty to furnish the facts as I ex memorandum which reflected on the em McCARTHY. perienced them. ployee. (By Raymond J. Blair) I am living at 1902 North Fifteenth Street, "I can't remember any specific file because WASHI~GTON, June 21.-A check by the Arlington, Va., at the present time. we all worked on so many files. But we FBI has failed to substantiate Senator In August 1946 I was released from the worked on this project from August till the JOSEPH R. McCARTHY'S charge that 81 State United States Navy in California. I came to end of December 1946. All of the derogatory Department loyalty files have been "raped" to Washington, D. C., and while in Washing material in the files was destroyed or thrown eliminate damaging evidence, Senator Mil ton, I was looking for a job. I went into away. I can't recall what reason was given lard E. Tydings, Democrat, of Maryland, said the Walker-Johnson Building of State De to me and the other clerks as to why the today. partment at Eigh~eenth and New York Ave derogatory material was being pulled out of Se:qator Tydings is chairman of the Senate nue NW. I talked to a fellow in the State the file and destroyed. Foreign Relations subcommittee investi Department by the name of Holcombe. I "I am furnishing this statement only in gating charges by Senator McCARTHY, Re got a temporary clerical job in the tiles at strictest confide.rce and furnish it for the publican, of Wisconsin, of communism in the Walker-Johnson Building. These files purpose of information only, being assured the State Department. The loyalty records were the departmental personnel files lo that no publicity will be given to me on were made available to the Tydings sub cated in the Walker-Johnson Building. I furnishing this statement. I have read this committee ' May 4, by President Truman. started work on these files in September statement of two pages and the facts are Senator McCARTHY recently charged they 1946. When I reported for duty I was told true." had been "raped, skeletonized, or tampered that I would be working on · a project on with" so that they did not contain all of these files. This project had been going on JULY ll, 1950. the relevant material. for some time before I started. There were I, Francis Eugene O'Brien, age 25, make Senator Tydings told reporters that upon at least eight persons who were working on this statement. No promises have been hearing Senator McCARTHY'S charge, he this project. made to me to furnish this statement. If asked the Justice Department to investigate. I was not formally and · specifically in.. called upon I am willing to relate the facts Today he received the Department's report, structed as to what the purpose of the proj in this statement. he said, in a letter from Peyton Ford, assist ect was, but from what I was instructed by I reside at 1709 North Roosevelt Street in ant to Attorney General J. Howard McGrath. the other clerks, I and the other clerks were Arlington, Va., near Falls Church, Va. In The report said, Senator Tydings· stated, to go through each personnel ·file and pull August 1946 I went into the Walker-Johnson that a study by FBI agents had shown the 10328 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 20 files were "intact" and that all FBI ma FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, tory, and I believe Mr. Tydings will not terial on the 81 individuals involved, whom UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, question it in view of the election returns. Senator McCARTHY has accused of Com Washington, D. C., July 10, 1950. ·I ask unanimous consent that the article munist leanings, was included. Hon. JOSEPH R. McCARTHY, , Senator Tydings also said that study of United States Senate, may be printed in the RECORD. , the files would be completed by the subcom Washington; D. C. There being no objection, the article , mittee Sunday night. It was not clear, MY DEAR SENATOR: I have received your was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, however, whether this program was accept letter dated June 27, 1950, inquiring as follows: able to all subcommitte members. whether this Bureau has examined the 81 TYDINGS LOSING MARYLAND SUPPORTERS loyalty files which the members of the Tydings Committee have been scrutinizing An analysis of Maryland's Democratic pri [From the New York Times of June 22) and whether such an examination by the m ary votes demonstrat es Millard Tydings is M'CARTHY Is HELD REFUTED ON FILES- FBI has disclosed that the files are com losing ground fast in the favor of his own TYDINGS SAYS FBI REPORTS DOSSIERS NOT plete and that nothing has been removed party. TAMPERED WITH-GROUP To END EXAMINA• therefrom. In the Senate race Tydings received 174,143 TION The Federal Bureau of Investigation has votes. His opponents received 79,084. The (By William S. White) made no such examination and therefore is total vote cast was 253,2'.:?7. In the governor's r ace Lane received 173,- WASHINGTON, June 21.-Senate investiga not in a position to make any ·statement concerning the completeness or incomplete 769. His opponents received 205,307 votes tors will close on Sunday night their 2- or a t otal vote cast in the governor's race of month examination of 81 confidential State ness of the State Department files. For your information, t he Federal Bureau 379,076. Department loyalty files and will return These figures show t)1at 126,849 Mary them at once to the administration. of Investigation furnished Mr. Ford, at his request, a record of an loyalty material landers who voted · in the governor's race This was disclosed today by Senator Mil failed to vote in the Senate race, the largest lard E-. Tydings, Democrat of Maryland, chair furnished the State Department in the 81 cases referred to. For your further infor protest against a candidate ever recorded in man of the Senate Foreign Relations sub a Maryland primary. committee that has been intermittently mation, I am enclosing a copy of Mr. Ford's reading the dossiers in the White House in letter to Senator Tydings which I have se Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, the its investigation of Senator JOSEPH Mc cured from the Attorney General. next article is entitled "Tydings Has De CARTHY'S charges of communism in the Sincerely yours, J. EDGAR Hoovira. f ended Acheson Since 1933." If anyone State Department. questions the truth of the quote, they At the same time, Mr. Tydings asserted Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, next that a special inquiry by the Federal Bureau may ref er tu the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, of Investigation had established as false Mr. is .an article entitled "Senator Tydings' volume 77, part 4, page 3484. I .ask McCARTHY'S accusations that the files had Whitewashing Splashes Party." This is unanimous consent that the article may been "raped" before being turned over to merely a news story, the correctness of be printed in the RECORD, at this point. the subcommittee. which has not been questioned, a.nd . There being no objection, the article A letter just received from Peyton Ford, cannot be questioned. I ask unani was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, First Assistant Attorney General, stated, mous consent that it may be printed as follows: Senator Tydings added, that a special in in the RECORD at this point. quiry made by the Federal Bureau of Inves There being no objection, the article TYDINGS HAS DEFENDED ACHESON SINCE 1933 tigation produced the following results: In 1933 when Acheson's appointment to "That the files are intact, that they have was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the Treasury ·Department was under heavy not been 'raped, skeletonized, or tampered as follows: attack in the Senate. Tydings boasted on the with' in any way and that the material SENATOR TYDINGS' WHITEWASHING SPLASHES floor of the Senate, that the man who is now turned over to the State Department by the PARTY Secretary of State had represented Commu FBI is still in the files." BALTIMORE, Mo.-Reports have reached nist interests in law cases. (CONGRESSIONAL "Thus," Mr. Tydings added, "the Mc here that Senator Tydings' whitewash of RECORD, vol. 77, pt. 4, p. 3484.) Carthy charges are not sustained .by the the charges of communism in the State "I believe you gentlemen will find," Tyd facts." He declared himself unable to give Department is hurting Democratic candi ings said to the Senate committee studying out the text of Mr. Ford's letter because it dates in other States. the Acheson appointment, "that he will be a would disclose the names of some of the per Mike Kenney, veteran Democrat boss in pleasant surprise in the office." sons whose files were under study. St. Louis, says that it isn't bad enough that the Kefauver committee is stirring up the Mr. McCARTHY . . Mr. President, the gangster and gambling fraternity just be next article is entitled "'New Deal In J:UNE 27, 1950. vited North Korean Invasion." There is Mr. J. EDGAR HOOVER, fore election, but that Tydings·failed to find Director, Federal Bureau of Investiga anything wrong with anyone named by Sen hardly any necessity for comment on tion, Washington, D. C. ator McCARTHY even though many are known this article as Mr. Acheson on several DEAR MR. HOOVER: Some time ago it was fellow travelers and Communist sympa occasions made public statements to the publicly announced via a letter from Mr. thizers. One of those named by McCARTHY effect that South Korea was not within Peyton Ford, Assistant United States Attor was William Remington, who was "cleared" our defense perimeter. An example is ney General, that (1) the FBI had examined by Tydings but indicted by a Federal grand jury- which took the evidence that Tydinga Acheson's speech on January 12, 1950, the 81 State Department loyalty files which before the National Press Club in Wash the members of the Tydings committee have refused to hear. Remington was indicted been scrutinizing; and (2) that this exami by the grand jury for perjury in connection ington, at which time he said: nation by the FBI disclosed that the files with his Communist activities. Our defense perimeter runs along the were complete and that nothing had been Kenney says it makes it very hard for a Aleutians to J apan and then goes to t h e removed therefrom. ward boss to deliver votes when the big Ryukyus. Last night Fulton Lewis, Jr., in a radio shots of the party in Washington gum up the works. This policy statement by Acheson ob program, stated that this was not true; that viously ruled out any defense of Korea the FBI had not made an examination of Mr. McCARTHY. Next is merely a the files in question. or Formosa-both lying above that I would, therefore, greatly appreciate picture of Lattimore and his traveling perimeter. The correctness of that can knowing whether or not the FBI actually companions at Communist headquarters not very well be questioned. I ask unan has conducted any type of examination of at Yenan, China. · The descriptive lan imous consent that the article be printed the files in question and, if so, whether your guage under the picture is as fallows: in the RECORD, at this point. Department has actually found the files to Principal figure in the whitewash probe There being no objection, the article be complete with nothing having been re by the Tydings committee was Owen Latti was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, moved therefrom. more (right). With Lattimore in this picture, as follows: I very much dislike doing anythin~ which taken at Chinese Communist headquarters, may even remotely involve the FBI in what are (left to right) T. A.· Bisson, later pamed NEW DEAL INVITED NORTH KOREAN INVASION has been developing into a rather un before Congress as a- Communist; an uni The New Deal denied the strategic value pleasant situation insofar as the present dentified Chinese woman; Philip Jaffe, since of Korea and Formosa in January 1950, giv loyalty investigation is concerned. How convicted of stealing Government docu ing notice to the Communists that this ever, I very strongly feel there has been too ments, and Agnes Smedley, named by Gen administration did not consider those areas much of an att empt on the part of some to ei:al MacArthur's intelligence section as a within our line of defense. The notice gave ·hide behind the very excellent and well Communist spy. Lattimore is a member o! the Communists a "green light" to invasion, earned reputation of the FBI. For that rea the faculty at Johns Hopkins University. and ignored a Republican demand to pro son, I believe the request for this informa tect· the integrity of Formosa .. tion is a reasonable one. Next, Mr. President, is an article· en Sin cerely you rs, titled "Tydings Losing Maryland Sup Mr. McCARTHY. The next is some JoE McCARTHY. porters." This article is self-explana-_. filler entitled "Lincoln's Warning." It 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10329 is a direct quotation from Abraham Lin Duran and the United States Marines is story which badly needed telling, it did coln, and I do not believe that would be questioned by no ·one. fail to give a completely adequate pic one of the things which the committee The statement under William Reming ture of the vicious dishonesty of "Oper-· would consider scurrilous. The quota ton's picture that the Tydings' commit ation Whitewash." That is the only crit tion is as follows: tee ordered him kept on the Commerce icism I would have of the tabloid; and If this Nation is ever· destroyed it will be Department's payroll is incorrect. It perhaps if those who compiled it had not from without, but from within. was the President's loyalty board', had more time, they could have given headed by Seth Richardson, law part the complete picture. The last page consists of nine pictures, ner of Tydings' father-in-law, Joseph I ask unanimous consent to have with descriptive captions under each of Davies, of Mission-to-Moscow fame, printed in the RECORD at this point in them. The first is a picture of Owen which ordered Remington reinstated connection with the comments with re Lattimore. Underneath it is pointed out after he had been discharged, when it spect to the tabloid, an editorial entitled that he admitted that he used the Soviet was shown by £worn testimony that he "Untrue to Himself," published in the diplomatic pouch to send correspondence was a part of Elizabeth Bentley's spy Washington Daily News of November 9, I to Moscow, and that he was named as a ring. 1950. Communist by Louis Budenz. If anyone Senator Tydings, in- his statement be There being no objection, the editorial questions this, he need merely look at fore the committee, claimed that be was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the Tydings committee hearings. Per cause Mr. Remington was not on the a: follows: haps it should be noted that since then State Department payroll he had rio rea son for accepting evidence and investi UNTRUE TO HIMSELF the witnesses whom Tydings refused to The Free State of Maryland admires men call last year are now being called. One gating the Remington case. He said, of courage and independence. For nearly 30 of them, as the Senate knows, was "That is why we refused the evidence on years, Senator Millard Tydings showed him Alexander Barmin, a general in Russian Remington." This is untrue. Let me self a . man of that measure and was un Military Intelligence for 14 years. We read from the last paragraph of the res beatable at the polls. begged Tydings to call him last year. He olution adopted unanimously by the Sen He stood up to organized pressure groups refused. This year the McCarran com ate and reproduced on page 1 of part 1 of all sorts. The unorganized majority of mittee called him, and· Barmin testified of the Tydings' committee hearings: plain middle-class folks recognized he was fighting their fight for them and rallied to that Owen Lattimore was one of their In the conduct of this study and investi his support. men, one of Russia's Intelligence men. gation, the committee is directed to secure Early this year Mr. Tydings stepped out of Likewise, some of the letters which by subpena and examine the complete loy character. For some reason still unexplained have been picked up on the Lee farm in alty and employment file and records of all he stopped representing the patriotic inde.:; Massachusetts, which Tydings could the Government employees in the Depart pendent voters who had elected and re ment of State, and such other agencies elected him. have had last year if the committee against whom charges have been heard. had wanted them, shed a bit of light on He took on the assignment of chairman Lattimore. There is one, for example, in Incidentally, while Remington was on of a committee to investigate subversive ac the· Commerce Department payroll, he tivities in the State• Department and other which he says that the best solution in Government agencies. But he appeared to Korea is to turn it over to Communist was working closely with the State De" consider it his function to prevent a real Russia. In another he says, although partment. The language of the reso investigation. I cannot quote him verbatim, in effect, lution is: Scripps-Howard newspapers happen to that the Institute of Pacific Relations All the Government employees in the De know more than a little about this bizarre should follow the Communist Party line partment of State, and such other agencies . performance, since the most meaty evidence against whom charges have been heard. of what was to have been investigated re in China, but should not use their slo volved around the celebrated Amerasia case. gans. He advises following Russia's I suggest that if Mr. Tydings had taken Since 1945, it had been a pet project of ours international policy in that letter also. the time to read the resolution which to find out how come, at a time Americans The next is a picture of Jessup. The created his own committee, he would not were being killed in the war with Japan, RECORD is rather complete, from evidence have made the blunder of screaming top-secret military documents had been presented on the floor of the· Senate by that he was libeled because he "had no stolen and those implicated had escaped with the junior Senator from Wisconsin, and right to investigate Remington." little or no punishment. Plenty of leads, evidence, and suggestions of witnesses to call evidence presented to the committee. Remington, of course, has since been were provided to the Tydings committee. While the descriptive language beneath convicted-since his clearance by Tyd But the committee didn't follow the leads, the picture merely indicates that he jngs. While this article was in error in didn't examine the real evidence, didn't headed a publication heavily supported saying that it was the Tydings committee summon the important witnesses. The com by Communist money, and that he was rather than Seth Richardson's board mittee went behind closed doors, harassed affiliated with five Communist fronts, which ordered Remington reinstated, witnesses trying to get to the bottom of the his actual record as proved is much Tydings cannot deny the fact that Rem Amerasia case, comforted witnesses trying to worse. For example, while he was the ington was named by the junior Senator alibi, and ended up by issuing what could not be otherwise r~garded than another head of the I. P.R. publication it spear from Wisconsin, that the junior Senator whitewash. headed the Communist propaganda line from Wisconsin offered the committee On Tuesday, Maryland's independent vot on China. Also, in 1946 Jessup peti evidence, and that the committee refused ers by the thousands marched to the polls tioned that we cease manufacturing to do anything whatsoever about the to vote their disappointment. atomic bombs, and that our atomic bomb Remington case. It is therefore clear We are not happy to chronicle this decline material as produced be dumped in the that while Tydings did not "order" Rem and fall of a man who ·was once a verit able ocean. ington kept on the payroll, his actions in Cyrano de Bergerac of politics. But in all honesty we think he got what was coming to Mr. Jessup also wrote the press release refusing to expose this Communist had him. for the self-proclaimed Communist, the result of keeping Remington on. Frederick Field, a press release describ Had the grand jury in New York taken Mr. McCARTHY. Now we come to the ing a Communist organization which the attitude which Tydings did, this man investigator Fried. It is more than pass Field in the same complimentary terms, Remington would still be holding . a top ing strange that the conscience of the almost word for word, as it was described job in the Commerce Department, and committee was not at all bothered by the in the Communist Daily Worker. Again, working closely with his pals, the Ache fact that Fried, a good friend of Tydings, if that is claimed to be scurrilous-and son-Jessup crowd, in the State Depart who worked against and was bitterly I say that it would be if it were not ment. antagonistic to BUTLER and his cam true-it is all true, and the photostats Next we come to the composite pic paign headquarters, was hired by the which have been presented prove every ture of Tydings and Browder, which I subcommittee upon the sole recommen word of it. have discussed in great detail already, dation of Millard Tydings. It is in The next is a picture of John Service. One very valid criticism of the tabloid teresting to note that overnight, Fried, It is unnecessary to comment on this ma which might well be made is that, while who previously had been working in a everything in it, with the one minor ex garage, became such a competent in terial, in that the truthfulness of this, ception relating to Remington, was ab vestigator upon the recommendation of as well as the material under Haldore solutely true, and while it told part of a Tydings that he commanded a very Hanson's picture and that of Gustavo XCVII-650 10330 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA r:L'E AUGUST 20 high-salaried job with the subcommit volved in the transaction. I prefer to be land campaign, Surine then went into tee. Some blind spots, indeed, did the lieve and actually do that the subcom the subje~t with the subcommittee. · subcommittee have. mittee's distortion and misrepresenta THE CASE OF WILLIAM FEDDER ._ It may also be noted that when Fried tion of the facts, which its own record William Fedder, operator of a small contacted the witness Robert E. Lee, he discloses in regard to this transaction, printing, mailing, and distributing con was asked whether the committee was was the result of oversight rather than cern in Baltimore, was the main prop of interested in getting information on deliberate. I realize that such thil)gs Millard· Tydings' wild charges before the Tydings' campaign. Fried told tlie wit can happen when a staff is working on Subcommittee on Privileges and Elec ness Lee that the subcommittee had no the preparation of a report. tions. interest whatsoever in obtaining infor DONALD A. SURINE Fedder's own testimony before the mation on Tydings' campaign. The report of the subcommittee at subcommittee leaves no room for doubt THE C. E. TUTTLE LOAN tacks the testimony of Donald A. Surine. on the question of whether he is honest In his testimony before the Subcom The report states that "the testimony or dishonest, a truthful man or a per mittee on Privileges and Elections, Tyd of Surine before this subcommittee con jurer. ings had the fallowing to say concerning tains an apparent willful and knowing Some time after election day-Novem one of the financial angles of the Butler misstatement of a material fact relating ber 7, 1950-Tydings, Fedder, and Fried campaign: to the circumstances of the termination got together in the farmer's office. Tyd Likewise, there has been widely published of his services with the Federal Bureau ings emerged from this meeting with in the press the fact that an individual, who of Investfgation prior to his employment accusations about a "Chicago gangland is shown already to have contributed $3,000 by Senator MCCARTHY." midnight ride." Fedder came out with to the Butler campaign, assumed obligations The subcommittee adduced no proof a story of threats and intimidation which . in excess of $8,000, in addition, after the cam whatever which contradicts Surine's was completely shattered by his own ad paign was over, notwithstanding that Fed · testimony that he had voluntarily sub missions on the witness stand. As for eral law prevents any person from contrib uting more than $5,000 for such purposes. mitted his resignation to the Federal Fried, the upshot of the meeting was Bureau of Investigation on February 7, that he got a job as investigator with the This reference was obviously to a con 1950. · Furthermore, the subcommittee Subcommittee on Privileges and Elec tribution of $3,000 made to the Butler offered no e"vidence to show that the tions. campaign by one C. E. Tuttle. question of why and how Surine resigned Fedder purportedly worked for the Apparently determined to make the or was separated from the Bureau could Butler headquarters during the election most sensational charges, regardless of in any conceivable manner be material campaign-at least, he received substan the facts, Tydings described the Tuttfo to the investigation of the Maryland tial payments for services which he transaction as a sample "of the moral election. In fact, the acting chairman promised to p~rf orm. The record of squalor which spreads through the finan of the subcommittee, the Senator from testimony taken by the subcommittee cial side of the Butler campaign.". Oklahoma [Mr. MONRONEY] categori established beyond dispute the fact that Showing the most unmistakable evi cally denied the materiality of the ques Fedder attempted wholesale swindling of dence of bias or oversight the Subcom tion of Surine's testimony concerning the Butler campaign headquarters. mittee on Privileges and Elections stated his resignation. While professing to work for the ·candi in its report that the Tuttle transaction In his second appearance before the dacy of Senator BUTLER and while receiv should be transmitted to the Depart subcommittee, Tydings said: ing remuneration for pretending to do ment of Justice for such action as it I am asking you to look at the case and so, Fedder was actually working in the deems appropriate. ask Mr. Surine why he is no longer a member interests of Millard Tydings. For exam The evidence received by the subcom of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and ple, his testimony and the testimony of mittee shows clearly that Mr. C. E. Tuttle whether or not his testimony that he re Christopher shows the secret, unauthor made a contribution of $3,000 to the But signed voluntarily and all that is accurate, ized destruction of hundreds of thou ler campaign, and subsequently, 1 week by getting the Federal Bureau of Investiga sands of copies of campaign material after the general election, made a loan of tion themselves to come up here and do it. which he was paid to distribute. The $8,300 to the Butler headquarters in an In reply to this statement of Tydings, question naturally arises: At what dates, effort, the Senator from Oklahoma the Senator from Oklahoma said: under what circumstances, and for what [Mr. Mo:NRoNEY] put it, "to fund the out I am sorry, Senator, but we are trying to considerations, did Tydings or his agents side obligations that were owed to the confine ourselves to the issues in the Mary make their first contacts with Fedder? trades people to clean it up and get it in lan~ election case. The use of this-hearing ·Ex-Senator Tydings in his first ap one bunch so .that you could then go to bring in extraneous matters not con pearance before the subcommittee indi about retiring the indebtedness which nected with the facts material to the Mary cated the importance to him and his had been funded by these two loans." land case is not what we intend to do. I charges of the testimony of William H. The Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. MoN believe the committee is rather unanimous Fedder. William Fedder fallowed the RONEYJ made the added observation: in that opinion. appearance of Tydings, and from his It did not represent new money in the To even· the casual observer it seems testimony became one of the principal campaign but merely a centralization of the more than passing strange that the sub witnesses suggested by Tydings. Fedder money. committee on the one hand registers a in substance testified that he performed To both of these factual statements, completely blind and deaf spot insofar as approximately $18,000 worth of services Cornelius P. Mundy, treasurer of the the usual testimony and a'}tiviti~s of for the Butler campaign headquarters. Butler campaign, replied: Fedder were concerned, and on the other Fedder outlined in detail the services, hand recommends that the Justice De among them being the distribution of the That is true. partment take action against a pains tabloid, From the Record. Fedder None of the testimony received by the takingly honest and truthful young man further testified he had undertaken the subcommittee bears out its suggestion or who, it was shown, was cited by J. Edgar addressing and stamping of Butler cam Tydings' accusation that Mr. C. E. Tuttle Hoover for 10 years of outstanding serv paign postcards. In connection with "contributed a total of $7 ,300 to the gen ice with the FBI. Unusual though this latter project, Fedder charged that eral election campaign of JOHN MARSHALL the logic of it is, the committee evidently his wife was threatened by telephone by BUTLER." According to uncontradicted took this action because Surine did not one Ewell Moore, a part-time employee testimony, Treasurer Mundy paid back volunteer to the committee the imma of Senator McCARTHY, and George Nilles, half of the Tuttle loan on March 14, 1951. terial story of why he submitted his res a volunteer campaign worker. He There was no testimony nor any indica ignation to the FBI, the subcommittee further charged that Moore, Nilles, and tion that both parties to the transaction never having asked him for the infor Donald A. Surine had "taken him for a did not expect that the loan would be mation at the time. When the subcom ride" and "threatened him" between the paid in fun. mittee called him back and asked him hours of 1 a. m. and 6 a. m. November It is clear from the uncontradicted tes why he had resigned, even though the 6, 1950. timony that the Tuttle loan was a loan chairman had previously stated to In view of the extensiveness and obvi in good faith and that no violation of Tydings that this was completely imma ous implications of the testimony of Wil Federal law and no moral squalor was in- terial and had no bearing on the Mary- liam Fedder in relation to the charges 1951 CONGRESSiONAt .RECORD-SENATE 10331 made by ex-Senator Millard Tdyings, Mr. i~cDERMOTT. Could he have been there only parts of the testimony and to place the testimony of William Fedder is being without your knowledge? only parts of the testimony in the REC dealt with at some length both as io its Mr. FEDDER. No, I checked around. ORD, without reading all cf the testimo.ny. credibility and its relevancy to the orig Later: I simply wish to be fair to all concerned. inal charges made by Tydings. His Senator SMITH. And that left approxi Mr. McCARTHY. I thank the Sen testimony taken under oath before the mately 200,000. What became of those? ator. If when I cor:clude my remarks subcommittee is replete with contradic Mr. FEDDER. They were sent to the dump the Senator from New Jersey thinks tions, conflicts, and discrepancies. or incinerator. there is any more testimony bearing on Under oath, William Fe~:ider testified Senator SMITH. All of those? this point which would clear up the point to the authenticity of an invoice which Mr. FEDDER. We gave none of them to Mr. further, I shall be glad to have the Sen he had sent to the John Marshall But Christopher except this time of the 20,000. ator from New Jersey read it into the ler headquarters, billing them for dis In ·testimony taken under oath from RECORD or I shall be glad to do so my tributing 169,000 copies of the tabloid William J. Christopher, who was friendly self. and mailing 134,206 copies. This, ac to Fedder, it is important to note that This testimony will show that either cording to the testimony of Fedder and his testimony flatly contradicts that. of Mr. Christopher or Mr. Fedder was the invoice which he placed in the record, William Fedder, on the question of guilty of perjury. The Senator from made a total of 303,206 tabloids, for whether Fedder distributed 303,000 copies New Jersey will note that Mr. Fedder which he received payment. of the tabloid which he was pald. to te.:>tified that he gave to Mr. Christopher In this connection, the following testi distribute. The testimony of Mr. Chris no copies of the tabloid From the mony appears in the transcript of the topher, bearing on the destruction of Record, but that Mr. Christopher tes ... subcommittee hearings. the tabloids is as follows-aml let me tiffed that he got at least 200,000 copies I remind the Senate that Fedder re point out that Fedder said under oath and that he destroyed them. ceived a total of 500,000 tabloids. He · he never gave any tabloids to Christo When Mr. ChriJtopher testified on the received pay and postage for distributing ·pher: stand, he testified that he got some at 303,000 copies, and the testimony of Mr. McDERMOTT. Do you remember when the plant and got 200,000 at the hotel. Fedder ·and the other man, who de that was? Therefore, by means of tha.t testimony, stroyed them, showed that they de Mr. CHRISTOPHER. Indeed I could not tell Fedder is indicted for perjury unless stroyed 400,000, showing that the Butler you. It was only a couple of weeks-just Christopher is wrong; and there is no campaign headquarters was swindled and a few days before the campaign closed. indication that Christopher had any Mr. McDERMOTT. Do you know how many reason to lie. All the indications are cheated for the postage and distribution copies you picked up at Mr. Fedder's plant? charges that Christopher was telling the truth. in connection with the distri Mr. CHRISTOPHER. No, sir, I got as many Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, bution of 203,000 copies. I ask Senators as I could get in the truck, and there was lots more there w pick up. will the Senator yield further? · to read the testimony on that point. Mr. McCARTHY. :r yield. In this connection, Mr. President, the Later: Mr. HENDRICKSON. The Senator following testimony appears in the tran Mr. McDERMOTT. Do you know how many from Wisconsin does not have to go to script of the subcommittee hearings: you picked up at the Lord Baltimore Hotel? any lengthy effort to convince me of the · Mr. McDERMOTT. Did you have any occa Mr. CHRISTOPHER. Judging f,rom the first unreliability of Mr. Fedder's testimony. sion to deal with a man by the name of load, around about 200,000 copies. Mr. McCARTHY. I am sure I would Wllliam Christopher? Mr. McDERMOTT. You mean 200,000 each not have to convince the Senator that Mr. FEDDER. Yes, on one occasion, and I trip? have an item that I want to enter in evi Mr. CHRISTOPHER. No, sir, 100,000 to a load. Fedder perjured himself on the stand. dence, that I want to back up my statement. Mr. McDERMOTT. 100,000 to a load? The point I make here is that there is On Saturday, November 4, before election Mr. CHRISTOPHER. I should imagine a.bout no answer to this point except that that was at the time that I said I had gone 100,000 to a load. Fedder perjured himself and also to the Butler headquarters, and I turned in Mr. BECKER. You don't know anything cheated the Butler campaign headqua.r my post office receipts, and Mr. Christopher about that material at all, sir? ters. was there. He was operating a sound truck Mr. CHRISTOPHER. No, sir, I don't know The point I am bringing out is that for them, and Mrs. Van Dyke asked me to anything about that material at all, sir. the subcommittee seems to have had a give Mr. Christopher 10,000 of the circulars, Mr. BECKER. So that what you· are telling Why, Senator, and 10,000 of ·the circulars, us is separate and distinct from any material completely blind spot, for although the The Family Story of BUTLER, and I gave Mr. Mr. Fedder had after the election, is that subcommittee said that the case of a Christopher my card and told him to meet true? young man who failed to make volun me in my shop in 10 minutes, and I will Mr. CHRISTOPHER. Absolutely, sir. tary statement about an immaterial fact be there and give it to him. should be referred to the Department of Now, these· 20,000 pieces if sold for junk Later: Justice, yet a man who is a known per would sell for between two and a half and Mr. BECKER. Did you take any copies of jurer and swindler does not even get a three dollars. That was my only dealing the tabloid, that were in Fedder's plant after the election, out to the city dump? tap on the wrist from the subcommittee. with Mr. Christopher, and I made him sign I am sure the Senator will agree that a receipt for what he got. He got none of Mr. CHRISTOPHER. No, sir. the tabloids, From the Record. He got 10,000 Christopher thereafter testified that he that is a very unusual position for the Why, Senator, and 10,000 Family Story of did not distribute any of the above 200,000 subcommittee to take. BUTLER, and I offer that. copies of the tabloid but destroyed "all copies Mr. BUTLER of Maryland. Mr. Pres of the tabloid I could get my hands on.'' ident, will the Senator yield? Later: l do not wish to participate in the de Mr. MCDERMOTT. What did you do with the Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, bate on this matter, except to say that I tabloids that were left over, and to which will the Senator yield? am sure the Senator from New Jersey 1 you referred in your conversation with Mrs. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. .does not wish to have the RECORD leave Van Dyke? LEHMAN in the chair). Does the Sen.. the impression that Mr. Fedder has said Mr. FEDDER. To the best of my recollection ator from Wisconsin yield to the Sen anything bad about me or that Mr. they were sent in my own trucks either to ator from New Jersey? the dump or to the incinerator, and dis Christopher has said anything bad about posed of.. Mr. McCARTHY. I yield. me. Mr. McDERMOTT. Now, in addition to the Mr. HENDRICKSON. I have for Mr. HENDRICKSON. No, indeed. I 20,000 pieces of campaign literature, the re gotten the exact . testimony, for it was simply want the Senate to hear the testi ceipt of which you have presented to us, and taken some time ago. However, I won mony. which indicates you turned over to Chris der whether the Senator from Wiscon Mr. BUTLER of Maryland. Yes. I topher, do you kno}V whether he got hold of sin will continue to read Mr. Chris want the Senate to hear what the testi any additional copies of that tabloid at your topher's testimony in regard to what he mony was, too. plant? . Mr. FEDDER. He was never_at my plant since had to say about the tabloids and what Mr. HENDRICKSON. Both Mr. Fed that time or before that time. That was he did with them and wha-t he did in der and Mr. Christopher paid the Sena- · the only time he was in the plant, and I regard to JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER, and all tor from Maryland the highest possible had not seen him since that day, although the rest of his testimony. I do not think compliments. - I saw him here Tuesday when I was in this it is quite fair to the Members of the Mr. BUTLER of Maryland. Yes. I room. . Senate or to the Senate itself to read did not want the RECORD to indicate that 10332 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 20 . in their testimony they were impugning agencies of the Government are quite and courageous citizen, who was elected me at all. I do not think there is any competent to go over the testimony for ·by the people of -Maryland -after an in thing of that sort in the committee hear the purpose of finding whether any fur tenliive and exhaustive campaign; and ings, and I do not want any such indi ther action should be taken. The com I commend the people of Maryland to .cation to appear in this RECORD. mittee certainly was not a judicial body day for the judgment which they dis Mr. HENDRICKSON. No; I want the in any sense of the word, nor an inves played in that campaign. RECORD to show clearly and convincing tigative body, performing the judicial So I say we get right back to the basic ly that both of those men had a very high function of Government. It was purely question involved, Was this fine gentle regard for the distinguished Senator an .investigative body charged with the man guilty of any wrong which would .from Maryland. . duty of submitting a report to the Sen- disqualify him for membership in the Mr. BUTLER of Maryland. Yes. ate for appropriate action. The whole Senate? We determined he was not; Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, I am record is available to · any enforcement and I am glad that the Senate of the sure they have; so I .do not think it nec agency of the Government. I merely United States l:ere today in effect rati essary to deviate from my text to point wanted the record to show that. fies and confirms everything the com out the fine things they said about the Mr. McCARTHY. I do not presume mittee did in respect to JOHN MARSHALL Senator from Maryland. However, the . to cross-examine the Senator, but am BUTLER. fact that Mr. Fedder had a high regard I correct in stating that at no place in Mr. McCARTHY. I thank the Sena for the Senator from Marylapd does not its report did the subcommittee suggest tor. The Senator states what the issue relieve Mr. Fedder of responsibility for that the Fedder testimony or Fedder's was, and if the subcommittee had con what he said at the hearings. · activities be referred either to the dis fined itself to that issue, I would have Incidentally, as I have already point trict attorney in Baltimore or to the found it unnecessary to submit my ed out, Mr. Christopher testified that he Department of Justice? minority views. I am merely going into did not distribute any of the 200,000 Mr. HENDRICKSON. I do not -recall the various items covered by the majority copies he got, but that he destroyed all that the subcommittee made any rec. report, as the Senator will notice. I copies of the tabloid he could get his ommendation along that line; but if we should like to make that clear, in order hands on. . did not, as the Senator suggested, it was that there may b~ no misunderstanding. Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, more of an oversight than anything else, Earlier I commented on what I thought will the Senator yield further? because, speaking as one member of the was the unwise decision on tbe part of Mr. McCARTHY. I am glad to yield. subcommittee, I say here today that the Senator from New Jersey and the Mr. HENDRICKSON. At this moment there were many things which could Senator from Maine to sit in this case. I cannot quote verbatim the testimony of have gone into the report with my agree Let it be made clear that I am sure they Mr. Christopher, but his testimony was ment had they all heen discussed. I both . felt that they could honestly and that he destroyed that literature because should like the RECORD to show that early fairly pass upon the issues. I am sure he thought, as he put it, that it was in the spring, or in the 'late spring, we of that. I am sure they were both harmful to the candidacy of JOHN MAR lost our counsel; we had no staff at all, trying to perform their duties fairly SHALL BUTLER. and the major part of the work was and honestly; there can be no question · Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, I done, as has been said so ably by the about that. But the unfortunate thing do · not care why he destroyed it; the minority le~der on the floor today, by about it is that, in the eyes of the public point is that 400,000 copies, according to the members of the committee in their as a whole, both the Senator from Maine the uncontradicted testimony, were de own offices, I may say single-handedly, and the Senator from New Jersey had stroyed;· but Fedder charged for dis without any help at all from members previously committed themselves on tributing 303,000 copies. In addition, he of the staff or the main Committee on the one big issue in Maryland, that is, said he never gave a single copy to Mr. Rules and Administration. whether it was unfair to accuse Tydings Christopher and that Mr. Christopher Mr. President, this was a difficult re of a whitewash. could not have gotten any. port to write, and it developed the views Mr. HENDRICKSON rose. Mr. McDermott asked: of four different Senators. Had I been Mr. McCARTHY. Let me finish, first. writing the report single-handedly, this Again I say I do not question the hon Could he have been there without your would not have been the report, accord esty or sincerity of these Senators in knowledge? ing to my evaluation of words and what they did. Many extremely fine Mr. Fedder replied: phrases; but this was an effort at a non and intelligent people have disagreed Nq; I checked around. partisan approach to a difficult problem. with me regarding my fight against We were not in any way investigating Communists in Government and my at So we have a clear-cut case of per for the purpose· of harming anyone. It tacks on Tydings who was doing what jury, but for some reason or other the has been said here today that this was I thought a shameful job of whitewash subcommittee completely overlooked it. not an election contest. We recognized ing. The report closely parallels the Therefore, Mr. President, on the basis that from the beginning. The basic Declaration of Conscience, in which the of the testimony of Fedder and Chris question which was involved in this same issue was involved. As I say, I topher, 400,000 copies of the tabloid were whole investigation was, Has JOHN MAR am not at all criticizing the Senators' destroyed, out of a total of 500,000 which SHALL BUTLER committed any wrongful honesty or sincerity. meant Fedder was guilty of the crime act, or conducted himself in such a man Mr. HENDRICKSON. I appreciate of obtaining money under false ·pre ner that he would not be qualified to that. tense when he charged for distributing serve as a Senator of the.United States? Mr. McCARTHY. I think it is an un 303,000 copies. · Mr. President, the subcommittee fortunate situation in which the Sena Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, found very clearly thatthe distinguished tor is put. I believe a Senator should will the Senator yield? Senator from Maryland had not in any disqualify himself, as I say, not because Mr. McCARTHY. I yield to the Sen-· manner conducted himself so that he he himself feels he is going to be dis ator from ·New, Jersey. would disqualify himself for membership honest or unfair, but when he has pre Mr. HENDRICKSON. Again, in order in tihis great body. In my view many of viously committed himself on the issues. that the RECORD may be abundantly the things which the distinguished Sen It would then be well, I think, if he did clear, and that no undue harm or unjust ator from Wisconsin has brought to light not participate. criticism may come to anyone, I think here today have no direct bearing on Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, the record should show that the whole that basic question, on the fitness of a will the Senator yield? record of this investigation, including all Member of the United States Senate to Mr. McCARTHY. I am glad to yield. the testimony, was formally referred to continue to sit in the Senate. Mr. HENDRICKSON, Mr. President, appropriate authorities for such further I ask the Senator from Wisconsin to I should like to say that the junior Sen action as they might care to take. That pardon me for imposing on his time; my ator from New Jersey never committed did not mean a part of the record, it observations have been lengthy,-in himself on the issues in this investiga did not mean merely the report; it deed I am not even asking a question. tion, or upon any phase of those issues. meant all the testimony, from which any But I am very proud to have been a mem The declaration of conscience which capable agency of the Government could ber of a committee which has been able was issued almost a year ago by four · judge the facts. I think the appropriate to do justice to an honest and fearless Senators-there were four. and perhaps ·,;
1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE ·10333 more-was completely ind~pendent of Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, per- Mr. FEDDER. I know of no threats or ac this investigation and had no relation- haps the State's attorney who so dili- cusations or promises, or anything about ship to it. As I read the declaration of gently prosecuted the Butler campaign . that, and I was not worried about that. conscience again, today, as I have just manager could find time to give the Thus, the kidnap victim repudiated done, I see nothing in it which relates Fedder case some attention. his original charge of kidnaping and in any part or parcel to the efforts of The sworn testimony of Fedder's at- Tydings' screaming description of a this committee and this investigation. tempt to steal stamps and charge for Chicago gangland ride, which story first In participating in the declaration of writing 50,000 postcards, when he finally reached the public after a conference in conscience I was criticizing the over- admitted having written only 11,000, Tydings' office of Tydings, Fedder, and all conduct of the Senate. throws additional light on the morals Fried, which was then exposed by Drew Mr. McCARTHY. If I may interrupt and integrity of this man upon whom Pearson as an example of dishonest Chi the Senator from New Jersey, do I cor- Tydings based his case against the Sen cago gangland tactics in the Maryland rectly understand that his interpretation ator from Maryland [Mr. BUTLER]. campaign. The subcommittee, however, of the declaration of conscience today is Tydings charged that Fedder had been is still unconvinced that there was no that it was not directed at my charge taken on ·a Chicago gangland midnight · kidnaping. that there were Communists in the Gov- ride by Donald A. Surine, Ewell Moore, Mr. President, I took part in a great erziment, or to charges of the Tydings both of whom worked for Senator JOSEPH number of campaigns in the fall of 1950, whitewash? ·u it was not, then my R. McCARTHY, and George Nilles. Ac and intend to take part in campaigns argument on the point that he should cording to the testimrny of Surine, again, so long as I am able to do so. I have disqualified himself is nut well Moore, and Nilles, they rode aroand the may say that I am unaware of a candi taken. city of Baltimore with Fedder between date anywhere in this Nation who con Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, the hours of 2: 30 and 6: 30 a. m. on Mon ducted a more honest, straightforward ! hasten to point out that the declara- day morning, November 6, 1950, for the and intelligent' campaign than did the tton of conscience was not directed, so sole purpose of picking up postcards and Senator from Maryland [Mr. BuTLERJ. far as the junior Senator from New Jer- postage stamps all under the the direc In fact, even though the subcommittee sey was concerned, in any way to the tion of Fedder. It should be under- · has examined every detail of the cam· issue to which the statement of the Sen- stood that Fedder, in his line of business, paign, it has been unable to find a single ator from Wisconsin relates. farmed out the work of addressing and time or place where the Senator from Mr. McCARTHY. Then I may say affixing postage st9mps to postcards and Maryland ever said or did anything that the argument that the Senator that the t.omes in which this work was which was untrue or which was not in should not have sat upon the committee· done were numerous and widely scat- keeping with the highest traditions of is not well taken. tered throughout the city. Americanism. Mr. HENDRICKSON. I thank the Without giving any reason therefor, On page 23 the subcommittee stated: senator for that admission, because I the Subcommittee on Privileges and This subcommittee extended an invitation want to assure the senate of the United Elections finds the testimony of Surine; to Senator McCARTHY to appear before it and states that the junior· Senator from Moore, and Nilles unconvincing on renewed that . invitation subsequent to the New Jersey will never sit in any contest this point. While it was suggested to testimony of Mrs. MiUer. Senator Mc in which he has a special interest. I the subcommittee that they call upon CARTHY did not appear before the subcom mittee in respol3.Se to that invitation or want to correct the RECORD in one other the various people writing cards who saw otherwise, nor did he avail the subcommittee respect, if the senator will permit. the four men together, in Baltimore be- of any testimony relative to this phase of Mr. McCARTHY. ,Certainly. tween 2:30 and 6 a. m., on November 6, the subcommittee's investigation. Mr. HENDRICKSON. The senator, the committee did not call upon any of in covering this point about an hour ago, these persons to appear before them for In view of that statement on the part or perhaps a little more, said that, of questioning. of the committee, I wish to read into the course, the two minority members of the In fact, the Senator from Oklahoma RECORD, Mr. President, the corre~pond committee had had no legal or judicial [Mr. MoNRONEY], acting chairman of ence which I had with the subcommittee. experience. I want to make the frank the subcommittee, apparently finding The first letter which I wish to read admission that I have had some legal the story of violence, threats, and in is as follows: · and judicial experience. Maybe my serv- timidation on this ride somewhat fan MARCH 12, 1951. Hon. A. s. MONRONEY, ice in the Senate has not so indicated, tastic, questioned Fedder as follows: United States Senate, but I want to assure the Senatqr that Senator MoNRONEY. That you were under Washington, D. C. there has been some experience afforded examination, you felt, most of the whole DEAR MIKE: I received letter from you this me in both fields. I would not hide under ride? · morning in which you extend to me an op , Mr. F~DDER. That is right. portunity to appear at your hearings on any cloak. Senator MoNRONEY. There had been no the Tydings election. Mr. McCARTHY. I was not aware of physical violence? I am not seeking an opportunity to ap that fact, and I beg the Senator's par- Mr. FEDDER. No physical violence. pear, but will be glad to do so if you or any don. Having the Senator's assurance Senator MoNRONEY. But you were subject of the members of the committee or counsel that was not intended by him to be di- to severe cross-examination, to say the least; have any questions which you care to ask rected at me the declaration of con- is that it? me. Incidentally, I don't expect to be avail science then my argument that he Mr. FEDDER. That is right. able on Thursday afternoon, Friday or Sat should have disqualified himself would Senator MoNRONEY. Part of that time were urday of this week; other than that I shall you, as they have since used the language, be available at almost any time. not apply. Unfortunately, most of the were you accused of trying to cheat and de- Sincerely yours, newspapers and editorial writers fraud and rob the Butler campaign? JoE McCARTHY. throughout the country did not so under- Mr. FEDDER. That ts the type of language stand the Senator's position. They felt they used. The next letter is as follows: it was a direct attack upon what the Senator MoNRONEY. Do you recall any APRIL 6, 1951. Senator thought was unfair tactics upon other language that they used 1n the course Senator A. S.· MONRONEY, the part of McCARTHY in criticizing Mr. of the ride? Senate Office Building, Tydings and the State Department. But, Mr. FEDDER. I don't recall any. Washington, D. C. having the Senator's assurance in that Senator MoNRONEY. Was there any threat DEAR SENATOR MoNRONEY: This is to ac of prosecution? knowledge receipt of your letter of March connection, I .shall certainly take his Mr. FEDDER. No; I never heard anything 30, in which you state that the subcommittee word for it. like that at all. understands I do not wish an opportunity Mr. HENDRICKSON. I should like to ' Senator MONRONEY. Were there any threats to appear in connection with the Maryland reassure the Senator that the declara~ of exposure that some of these things you hearings. tion of conscience, so far as the junior said you had done, they claimed you hadn't I have not read any of the testimony taken Senator from New Jersey was concerned, done? before the committee except those portions had no more bearing on the Tydings re- Mr. FEDDER. No; I was not worried about reported in the newspaper, nor have I at• anything like that. ·tended the hearings except for about 1 hour. port than did the rule-of-relevancy senator MoNRONEY. I just wondered !!, For that reason, I am not too thoroughly resolution. I hopa some day we shall during that cross-examination, 1f they had acquainted with the testimony given. If get to that. accused you or anything like that. the committee feels there was any credible ,10334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 20 evidence that adversely reflects upon my staff the supplemental :financial report which I am not apologizing. I am simply ex or any credible evidence to indicate that any was filed by Mr. Jonke! came after the plaining. thing improper was done by either me or my staff in the Maryland election, then I natu charges had first been made. I think Mr. McCARTHY. I will concede it is rally would want to be called by your commit I am quite sure-I will not say I am quite a whale of a report, or perhaps we tee so as to go into such matters in detail. sure, because I have to rely on my mem should use a mackerel or a herring. There is, of course, no secret about the fact ory-but I would say almost with cer Mr. President, the fact that certain that I was extremely interested in defeat tainty that Mr. Tydings charges, as made campaign contributions and expendi - ing Senator Tydings, who was in my opinion before the committee after he made his tures were reported late, had ·no effect the symbol of the whitewash and cover-up of appearance, referred to the financial · upon the election results, and had ·they · people dangerous to this country. I feel that . irregularities. not occurred the election returns would it was a great victory for the people of Mary land and for the people of this Nation when Mr. McCARTHY. Do I understand· ·have been the same. I do· not mean by Tydings went down in a well-deserved de the Senator to tell me now that he thinks this, Mr. President, that I condone any feat. Unfortunately, the entire picture of that if Jonke! had filed in time rather of the technical viofations, but I think it Tydings' mishandling 'of the investigation of than later, keeping in mind that it was should be pointed out that this young Communists and fellow travelers in Govern -. shown that the money was a11 properly man, Jonke!, was not a lawyer. He did ment was not brought to the attention of all spent and -there was no question about not purposely file late. . There is no evi of the people of Maryland, or his defeat . that, then the Senator feels there would dence of any moral wrong of any kind on would have been by a much greater margin. his part. There is no indication that if . I think the Nation owes a vote of thanks not have been any investigation, keep ·to the people of Maryland and to all who took ing alrn in mind that Tydings' primary he had filed on the date set by law, the part in exposing Tydings' activities. objection to the campaign was that he election returns would have been any Very sincerely yours, said people had lied about him, that different. The evidence indicates that JoE McCARTHY . ·they did not tell the truth about Millard, he is a young man of intelligence, hon that they accused him of having white esty, and ability whose crime was that I read those letters to show that I was he helped to defeat Millard Tydings. available to the committee at any and all washed Communists; keeping in mind times and so notified the committ.ee. also I will say to the Senator, that the Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, major portion of the report deals not will the Senator yield? Mr. President, the report very vigor Mr. McCARTHY. I am glad to yield. ously pillories Jon M. Jonke!, a profes with the technical failure to file, but with the tabloid de::'cribing it as an attack Mr. HENDRICKSON. The distin sional public relations counsel, who was guished Senator from Wisconsin asked legally and properly hired by the Butler U')On decency and honesty and such ·like? From the report I do not think when these references were first made campaign committee. Unfortunately, · to the funds, to the matter of finances. Jonke! was not a lawyer and violated that thorn who made the report· placed much importance on the fact that this I read from page 13 of the report. It is .some. -technical .. rules _of the Maryland . a part of the original "complaint of the 'elections laws in regard to filing. There young man was late in filing his expense account. Senator from. Maryland. It is para- .is no evidence whatsoever. that .he:. was . graph No: 5, and, I quote as follows: guilty of any moral wrong, In fact, had Mr. HENDRICKSON. . The junior Jonke! followed the proper bookkeeping ·senator from New Jersey is speaking The wholesale use . of funds in an illegal from the floor today as a member of and irregular manner and other financial procedures, which by oversight he did irregularities. ~ not and had he not technically violated the minority party, and what he says the' Maryland. election laws by failing to goes for the junior Senator from New That was in the original complaint. register as campaign manager, the re Jersey only. I am not here today to Mr. McCARTHY. Let us get this sults of the Maryland election would not defend my colleagues. They Can speak straight.· That is not what we are talk ·have been any different. It was shown for themselves. But I think I said a few ing about. . , that the campaign contributions which moments ago that as to words and Mr. HENDRICKSON . . The Senator Jonke! was late in listing-. - phra~ es, even paragraphs, had the jun- . .was talking about that a few minutes · ior Senator from New Jersey been writ . Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, ago. I have had time to refer to the ing the report himself it would ·have report· since. · will the Senator ·yield? probably taken on a much different ap Mr. McCARTHY. I yield. Mr. McCARTHY. I beg the Senator's pearance. We do not all think alike and . pardon. The subcommittee found no .Mr.: . HENDRICKSON. The Senator ·we·-do not all write alike;. and .. when in from-· New Jersey would ·like ·to .go . one ·evidence:, according- 'to: the- repert, of the ab~ enc.e. .of a sta:tf and of counsel, with .funds·befng used ill"ah.iltegal and-irregu::.. step further with , re~ation to the part '.four pers:ons, sit down"to _write · a · report, Jon Jonkel played in the Maryland :cam,.. :lar manner. We ai:e_taiking.now about 'it· is necessal'y to compromise between ·the failure·to ft.le off time, and the Sena paign. If Jon Jonke! had followed the all the views expressed. law this matter would not be before the tor said that if Jonke! had not violated Senate today. Mr. McCARTHY. ::r:n fairness to the the law in filing, that this would never Senator from New Jersey, I will say I Mr. . McCARTHY. Mr. President, I have been before the Senate. know he was extremely busy while the Mr. HENDRICKSON. I doubt that it seriously question that statement. Mr. report was made. May. I have the Sen Tydings would have done his screaming would have been. ator's attention? I repeat. In fairness Mr. McCARTHY. I point out that the and his shouting regardless. In view of to the Senator from New Jersey-and I question of filing did not cdme up until the Senator's remarks may I make the know how busy he was and had to be record straight on one point? long after the hearings started. The out of the city for some time while th~ Senator referred me to page 13. Mr. HENDRICKSON. Indeed the report was being written. I have had Mr. HENDRICKSON. The Senator Senator may. · I want the RECORD to pe · ·the strong feeling that the Senator must remember that there were- perfectly straight. might have been taken in on this re Mr. McCARTHY. I think we are Mr. McCARTHY. I thank the Sena port. beating a dead horse. I do not think it tor. Am I not correct in the statement · Mr. HENDRICKSON. No, Mr. Presi is particularly important at this time.· tliat in Tydings' original-. charges he dent; let there be no misunderstanding Mr. HENDRICKSON. I agree with made no claim of the failure to file on on that score. What the junior Sena .the Senator on that score. the proper date and no claj.m about tor from New Jersey did, he did · wi_th Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, in Jonke! having failed to file as campaign his eyes open. I am not going to per conclusion, one of the major failures of manager; that those facts only came out mit anyone to condemn that report. I the subcommittee was its complete fail some time after the hearings· were com have heard it referred to not once but ure to investigate any Phase of the menced. I bring that out because the . four times on the floor of the Senate this Tydings half of the Maryland election. Senator from New Jersey said that if afternoon by no less . person than the Apparently painfully aware of this fail Jonke! had not failed to file that this distinguished minority· leader as a good ure, the subcommittee on the opening investigation would not have been before report. Finally, in responding to a ques page of the report makes the following the committee. . tion from the Senator from Maine [Mrs. statement: . Mr. HENDRICKSON. Let me make SMITHJ, he said "It was a whale of a re This hearing subcommittee was appointed the record straight to this extent, that port." That is a part of the RECORD. So to investigate and. hold hearings on com- 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10335 plaints made with respect to 1950 Maryland feel that the committee's job was in properly directed to the ranking Repub- . senatorial general elections and to make a complete, in that the Tydings phase of lican on the Committee on Rules and report to the full Subcommittee on Privi the campaign had received no atten Adminibtration, wtAo is also the minor leges and Elections. tion whatsoever from the subcommittee. ity leader of tht Senate [Mr. WHERRY], This statement is, of course, incorrect, At that time the Senator from Okla since it was he who assigned me to the Mr. President. The Subcommittee on homa made the statement that the mi Privileges and Elections Subcommittee. Privileges and Elections-and if I am nority counsel could have investigated I did not ask for assignment to the wrong, I wish the able Senator from Con the Tydings campaign if he had seen fit Privileges and Elections Subcommittee. necticut, who is a lawyer also, would tell .to do so. I did not seek assignment to the Mary me I am wrong. One of the strongest recommendations land election investigation. Mr. HENDRICKSON. I am the Sena I can make, Mr. President, is that the It is strange that Senator McCARTHY tor from New Jersey. We are still a Re precedent established by the committee raises the question of disqualification publican State in New Jersey. in this respect be repudiated by-the com now. Why did he not raise the question Mr. McCARTHY. The Senator from mittee, and by succeeding Subcommit when the Maryland hearings started, for New Jersey. Pardon me. The Subcom tees on Privileges and Elections. If this he was fully informed at that time of my mittee on Privileges and Elections is a precedent is followed, it will mean that June 1, 1950, speech, which he claims permanent subcommittee of the Com during a Republican administration only should disqualify me? mittee on Rules and Administration, and the campaign tactics of Democrats will Second, the standard of Senate. ...· has the power and duty to investigate be investigated, and that during a Demo McCARTHY with respect to disqualifica irregularities in any senatorial cam cratic administration only the campaign tion could be applied to himself, acting paigns. No action of either the Senate tactics of Republicans will be investi in his capacity of filing minority views or the Committee on Rules and Admin gated-a practice which is dangerous or individual views, whichever they may istration as a whole restricted the sub and unwise beyond words, because a be called-as a member of the Rules committee to investigate, as it says, only committee cannot render an intelligent Committee, rather than making his de "complaints made with respect to 1950 report unless it goes into all phases of a fense through a speech on the Senate Maryland senatorial election." If the campaign. We cannot investigate half floor in his capacity as an individual Senator will allow me to finish my com of it and not the other half, and do a Senator. Otherwise it would appear ments on that point he may wish to fair job. • · that the basis for disqualification is dis comment on them. Am I correct in that, Perhaps the best analysis of the sub agreement with Senator McCARTHY. I ask the Senator, that the subcommittee committee's report is contained in the Third, Senator McCARTHY, in mak is a standing subcommittee and had full following excerpt from George Sokol ing the point of disqualification, has and complete powers to fovestigate all sky's radio broadcast of August 12, 1951: raised a very basic issue which should phases of the Maryland election, and was Senator Tydings was defeated because the be resolved as soon as possible. As a not restricted, as the statement says, to Senate committee which he headed last year member of the Subcommittee on Privi only the charges made by Senator did whitewash Owen Lattimore and the State 'leges and Elections I shall not per Department. of charges made by Senator JOE Tydings? McCARTHY. The 'Monroney committee de mit intimidation to keep me from ex Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, nies that Senator Tydings did any white pressing my honest convictions, as I did we are still a committee in good stand washing. · in my speech of June 1, 1950, and as I ing in the Senate. Speaking as one The committee is wrong. In the first place, did in the subcommittee report on the member of that committee, I said all 1t was the business of the people of Mary Maryland election. If similar conditions through the Maryland hearings, and I land to decide whether they believed Tydings are found in connection with other elec say again on the floor of the Senate to or McCARTHY. It is not the function of any tions investigated by the Privileges and day: Bring on your: proper complaints committee of Congress to tell the people of apy State what they should believe or whom Elections Subcommittee, I shall have no against Senator.Tydings ahd in the sub they should elect. The committee is exceed hesitancy in criticizing them, as was committee and in the full Committee on ing its duty. The people are sovereign, not done in the Maryland report. Rules and Administration, if those com their servants in Washington. So if the charge of disqualification plaints show irregularities on his part, In the second place, already the McCarran made by Senator McCARTHY is valid, "it I .will vote to . support a complete and committee has proved that the Tydings com should be applied to all other elections thorough investigation of the conduct of mittee was all wrong. The essential data. of similar nature coming before the sub the Democratic campaign for United and most of the witnesses now being investi committee. States Senate in the State of Maryland. gated by the McCarran committee were avail If the Senator from Nebraska, as the A moment ago the Senator referred to able to the Tydings committee. ranking Republican on the Committee beating a dead horse. I think it is beat Mrs. SMITH of Maine. Mr. Presi on Rules and Administration, agrees ing a dead horse to beat a dead candi dent, I wish to make some brief observa with Senator McCARTHY on this point, . date. tions on the contention of Senator then it is within his power to remove me Mr. McCARTHY. Apparently the McCARTHY that I should have disqualified from the Privileges and Elections Sub other members of the subcommittee myself from sitting as a member of the committee, just as Senator McCARTHY, share the Senator's view, that is, that Privileges and Elections Subcommittee as ranking Republican on the Committee unless charges are made, they should in its investigation of the 1950 Mary on Expenditures in the Executive Depart not make a complete investigation. I re land election report because of a speech ments, removed me from a subcommit call that subsequent to the time the Sen which· I made i;.1 the Senate on June 1, tee earlier this year. ator from Maryland [Mr. BUTLER] ap 1950. At this time I shall restrict myself If the minority leader should not see peared before the committee and asked to the matter of disqualification. fit to do so, then Senator McCARTHY can that the ·committee notify him of any In the repeated references to "white resort to petitioning the Republican con charges against him, it was publicly wash" which Senator McCARTHY has ference to act to remove me from the stated, in the name of the committee made during the past year he has con Privileges and Elections Subcommittee. and this went uncontradicted by any veniently overlooked the fact that re Fourth, the most direct answer to the member of the committee-that the peatedly in that speech I condemned minority views or individual views-of committee was going tp investigate not Democratic whitewashes and the com Senator McCARTHY is that he was not only all phases of the Maryland election placency of the Democratic administra able to get another Republican member campaign, but campaign practices in tion in the face of the threat of of the Committee on Rules and Adminis other States, in order to recommend nec communism here at home. Opposition tration to join him in his minority views essary remedial legislation. to communism is surely not the exclusive or individual views. When the subcommittee's report was possession of Senator McCARTHY. Nor Mr. President, I ask unanimous con submitted to the full Con1mittee on Rules does differing with him on tactics auto sent to have printed in the RECORD, at -and Administration, the junior Senator matically make one a Communist or a this point, as a part of my remarks, the from Wisconsin asked the Senator from protector of communism. declaration of conscience, which has Oklahoma [Mr. MONRONEY], chairman Now, as to specific points: First, the been referred to several times during of the subcommittee, whether he did not question of disqualification is one more the discussion this afternoon. 10336 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 20 There being no objection, the declara merely because he happens to know someone I don't want to see the Republican Party tion was ordered to be printed in .the who holds unpopular beliefs. Who of us win that way. While it might be a fleeting RECORD, as follows: doesn't? Otherwise none of us could call our victory for the Republican Party, it . would souls our own. Otherwise thought control DECLARATION OF CONSCIENCE, JUNE 1, 1950 be a :tnore lasting defeat for the American would have set in. people. Surely it would ultimately be sui Mr. President, I would like to speak briefly Today our country is being psychologically cide for the Republican Party and the two and simply about a serious national condi divided by the confusion and the suspicions party system that has protected our Amer tion. It is a national feeling of fear · and that are bred in the United States Senate to ican liberties from the dictatorship of a one frustration that could result in national sui spread like cancerous tentacles of "know party system. cide and the end of everything that we Amer nothing, suspect everything" attitudes. To As members of the minority party, we do icans hold dear. It is a condition that comes day we have a Democratic administration not have the primary authority to ·formu from the lack of effective leadership in either that has -developed a mania for loose spend- late the policy of our Government. But we the legislative branch or the executive b.ranch . Ing and loose programs. History is repeating do have the responsibility of rendering con of our Government. itself-and the Republican Party again has . · structive criticism, of · clarifying· issues, of . That leadership is so lacking that serious the opportunity to emerge as the champion of allaying fears by acting as responsible citi and responsible proposals are being · niade unity and prudence. zens. -that national advisory comrtlissions be ap SUFFICIENT ISSUES ALREADY CONSIDERS FAMILIES' FEELINGS pointed to provide such critically needed leadership. · . The record of the present Democratic ad As a woman, I wonder how the mothers, I speak as briefly as possible because too . ministration has provided us with sumcient · wives, sisters, and daughters feel about "the much harm has already been done with irre campaign issues without t_he necessity of re way in which members -of their families sorting to political smears. America is rap have been politically mangled in Senate de sponsible words of bitterness and. selfish pq . idly losing its position as leader of the world bate:-and I use the word "debate" ad litical opportu~ism. I speak as simply· &.s · simply because the Democratic administra visedly. possible because the issue is too great to be . tion has _pitifully failed to provide effective As a United ·sta:tes Senator, I am not obscured by eloquence. I speak simply ~nd · leadership. proud of the way in which the Senate has briefly in the hope that my words will be The Democratic administration has com been made a publicity platform for irre taken to heart. pletely confused the American people by its I speak as a Republican. I speak as a sponsible sensationalism. I am· not proud daily contradictory grave warnings and opti of the reckless a6andon in which unproved woman. I speak as a United States senator. . mistic assurances-that show the people that I speak as an American. charges have been hurled from this side of · our Democratic administration has no idea the aisle. I am-not proud of the obviously LEVEL OF A FORUM OF .HATE of wllere it is going. staged, undignified countercharges t:Qat ' · The United States Senate has long enjoyed FREEDOM OF SPEECH ABUSED have been attempted -in retaliation fr_om the world-wide respect as the greatest delibera The American people are sick and tired of . other. side of the aislE~. . tive body in the world. But recently that being· a.fraid to speak their minds lest they I don't like the way the Senate ha.s been · deliberative character has too · often ·been · be politically smeared as - "Communists" or made a rendezvous for vilification, for selfish debased to the level of a forum of· hate and "Fascists" by their opponents. Freedom of political gain at the sacrifice of individual character assassination sheltered by the · speech is not what it used to be in America. i:eputations and national unity . . I am not shield of congressional immunity. It has been so abused by some that it ls not proud of the way we smear outsiders from It is ironical that we Senators can debate exercised by others. the :floor of the Senate and hide ·behind the · in the Senate directly or indirectly, by any The American people are sick and tired of · cloak of congressional immunity and still form of words impute to any American, who seeing innocent people smeared and · guilty place ourselves beyond criticism on the floor is not a senator, any conduct or motive un people whitewashed. But there have been of the Senate. · worthy or unbecoming an American-and enough proved cases to cause Nation-wide As an Anlericari., I am shocked at the way without that non-Senator American having distrust and strong suspicion that there may Republicans and Democrats alike are playing any legal redress against it--yet if we say be something to the unproved, sensational directly into the Communist design of "con the same thing in the Senate about our col accusations. fuse, divide, and conquer." As an American, leagues we can be stopped on the grounds of As a Republican, I say to my colleagues on I don't want a Democratic administration being out of order. this side of the aisle that the Republican "whitewash" or "cover-up" any more than It is strange tha~ we· can verbally attack Party faces a challenge today that is not un I want a Republican smear or witch hunt. anyone else without restraint and with full like the challenge that it faced back in Lin As an American, I condemn a Republican protection and yet we hold ourselves above coln's day. The Republican Party so suc "Fascist" just as much as I condemn a the same type of criticism here on the Senate cessfully met that challenge that it emerged Democrat "Comml1nist." I condemn a :floor. Surely the United States Senate is big from the Civil War as the champion of a Democrat "Fascist" just as much as I con enough to take self-.criticism and self-ap united nation-in addition to being a party demn a Republican "Communist." They are praisal. Surely we should be able to take that unrelentingly fought loose spending and equally dangerous to you and me and to our the same kind of character attacks that we loose programs. country. As an American, I want to see our "dish out" to outsiders. The Democratic administration has greatly Nation recapture the strength and unity it I think that it is high time for the United lost the confidence of the American people once had when we fought the enemy instead States Senate and its Members to do some by its complacency to the threat of commu of ourselves. · • soul searching-for us to weigh our con nism here at home and the leak of vital It is with these thoughts that I have sciences--on the manner in which we are secrets to Russia through key omcials of the drafted what I call a Declaration of Con performing our duty to the people of Amer Democratic administration. There are science. I am gratified that Senator TOBEY, ica; on the manner in which we are using ur enough proved cases to make this point with Senator AIKEN, Senator MORSE, Senator IVES, abusing our individual powers and privileges. out diluting our criticism with unproved Senator THYE, and Senator HENDRICKSON, TRIAL BY JURY GUARANTEED charges. have concurred in that declaration and have I think that it is high time that we remem Surely these are sumcient reasons to make authorized me to announce their concur bered that we have sworn to uphold and de it clear to the American people that it is time rence. fend the Constitution. I think that it is for a. change and that a Republican victory high time that we remembered t hat the Con is necessary to the security of this country. STATEMENT OF SEVEN REPUBLICAN SENATORS stitution, as amended, speaks not only of the Surely it is clear that this Nation will con 1. We are Republicans. But we are Amer freedom of speech, but also of trial by jury tinue to suffer as long as it is governed by icans first. It is as Americans that we ex instead of trial by accusation. the present ineffective Democratic adminis press our concern with the growing con Whether it be a criminal prosecution in tration. fusion that threatens the security and court or a character prosecution in the Sen FOUR HORSEMEN CITED stability of our country. Democrats and ate, there is little -practical distinction when Yet to displace it with a Republican re Republicans alike have contributed to that the life of a person has been ruined. gime embracing a philosophy that lacks po confusion. Those of us who shout the loudest about litical integrity or intellectual honesty would 2. The Democratic administration has Americanism in making character assassina- , prove equally disastrous to this Nation. The initially created the confusion by its lack of tions are all too frequently those who, by our Nation sorely needs a Republican victory. effective leadership, by its contradictory own words and acts, ignore some of the But I don't want to see the Republican Party grave warnings and optimistic assurances, basic principles of Americanism- ride to political victory on the four horse by its complacency to the threat of com The right to criticize; men of calumny-fear, ignorance, bigotry, munism here at home, by it oversensitive The right to hold unpopular beliefs; and smear. ness to rightful criticism, by its petty bitt er The right to protest; I doubt if the Republican Party could ness· against its critics. The right of independent thought. simply because I don't believe the American 3. Certain elements of the Republican The exercise of these rights should not cost people will uphold any political party that Party have materially added to this confu one single American citizen his reputation or puts political exploitation above national in sion in the hopes of riding· the Republican his right to a livelihood nor should he be in terest. Surely we Republicans aren't that danger of losing his reputation or livelihood Party to victory through the selfish polit desperate for victory. ical exploitation of fear, bigotry, ignorance, 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10337 and intolerance. There are enough mistakes this body. That was the effect of the S. 353. An act relating to the time for of the Democrats for Republicans to criti... report. That was the basic question publication of the Official Register of the cize constructively without resorting to polit which was involved in our inquiry. United States; ical smears. - S. 950. An act to amend the act authoriz 4. To this extent, Democrats and Repub In deciding that basic question it was ing the segregation and expenditure of trust licans alike haye unwittingly, but un certainly necessary for the subcomr£1it funds held in joint ownership by the ~ho deniably, played directly into .the Commu tee to investigate collateral issues, which shone and Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River nist design of "confuse, divide and conquer." are of importance in election campaigns. Reservation for the purpose of extending the 5. It is high time ·that we stopped think I knew that when we submitted the re time in which payments are to be made to ing politically as Republicans and Democrats port some Members of the Senate would members of such tribes under such act, about elections and started thinking patri take is...:ue with it. I kne--;- that the and for other purposes; otically as Americans about national security S. 1214. An act to authorize and direct based on individual freedom. It is high statement would be made that we had conveyance of a certain tract of land in the time that we all stopped being tools and vic not given sufficient consideration to the State of Florida to the St. Augustine Port, tims of totalitarian techniques-techniques collateral issues, with respect to which Waterway, and Beach District; and that, if continued here unchecked1will surely new legislation would be required to cor~ S. 1673. An act to authorize and direct end what we have come to cherish as the rect abuses in our election machinery. the Administrator of General Services to American way of Uf~. However, Mr. President, we have transfer to the Department of the Air Force MARGARET CHASE SMITH, striven to point the need for correct certain property in the State of Mississippi. Maine. ing abuses, wherever we have found CHARLES W. TOBEY, The message also announced that the New Hampshire. them to exist, and have prepared our House had agreed to the amendments of GEORGE D. AIKEN, report, in the time allotted to us, with the Senate to the bill I XCVII-651 I • 10346 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 20 be sufficient always to keep revolving, but and that millions of dollars be made delete any aid to schools, either for opera I am not certain. ' available for direct loans to veterans. I tion and maintenance or for construction. do not know how it can be done, but- AB to operation and maintenance, I realize Mr. SCHOEPPEL. I want to say, as I that the.re is considerable controversy as pointed out to the Senate, that is the Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, will to the permissible scope of the aid. That situation which may develop. I am glad the Senator yield? controversy in no way applies to school con that the bill provides for the direct-loan Mr. SPARKMAN. I yield. struction, an issue which all parties agree feature. Mr. MAYBANK. I ask the Senator has been settled on constitutional grounds. Mr. SPARKMAN. Along that line, I if he does not believe that it is worth Therefore, I am willing to yield to the House wish to give one other word of caution. while to consider the possibility of open concerning operation and maintenance, but ing up the veterans' pension fund or in not as to school construction. I think it The able chairman of the committee is tragic for the Congress to enact a bill mentioned, ·in answer to a query from surance fund for investment in veterans' to aid defense communities without making the distinguished leader, the Senator mortgages. - any provision for schools. There is no con from Nebraska [Mr. WHERRY] that we Mr. SPARKMAN. That idea was sug troversy as to school construction, and I had made some provision for Fannie gested to me only recently. I had not think it wrong to yield on this matter for May-the Federal National Mortgage given it a great deal of thought. I real fear of stirring up unrelated controversies. Association-to buy in mortgages. Sen ize that there may be some things about I can only urge now that the House and it which I have not yet considered, but Senate take early action in amending Public ators will remember that because of Laws 815 and 874 of the Eighty-first Con th:e- it seems to me that with the Government gress, so as to enable aid to schools to be Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, will guaranteeing veterans' loans at 4 percent effected in anticipation of abnormal bur the Senator yield? interest, it certainly would be a good dens on federally impacted school districts, Mr. SPARKMAN. I yield. field for investment for the veterans' na and not merely after the children have al Mr. MAYBANK. Of course, I had ex tional life insurance fund. It seems to ready moved into the area, and the facilities pected, as the distinguished Senator me that it would be a good field in are already overloaded. from Indiana did, that we would put which that fund might very well invest The PRESIDING OFFICER. The $200,000,!)00 in the fund to cover not only at a higher rate of interest than it is now question is on agreeing to the confer· the Wherry housing but the other mort possible to get. ence report. gages as well, and thereby at least re Mr. MAYBANK. Such loans would The report was agreed to. lieve the mortgage market at the present have behind them mortgages on houses time to the extent of $200,000,000. in addition to the credit of the United EXECUTIVE SESSION Mr. SPARKMAN. That is correct. I States Government. Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, I was going to say that Senators may re Mr. SPARKMAN. Yes. They would move that the Senate proceed to the call that a year and a half or 2 years be real estate mortgages. I wish to call consideration of executive business. ago the activities of Fannie May had the attention of the chairman to the The motion was agreed to; and the become so vigorous in making advance fact that not only would there be real Senate proceeded to the consideration commitments, that is commitments far estate mortgages behind the loans- of executive business. ahead of actual construction, that all the Mr. MAYBANK. Which would be bet EXECUTIVE MESSAGE REFERRED money had become obligated. So in the ter assets. act of 1950 we wrote certain restrictions Mr. SPARKI\'1:AN. But they would The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. IVES into the law. Now we are releasing some be real-estate mortgages guaranteed by in the chair) laid before the Senate a. of those restrictions in the conference the Federal Government itself, guaran message from the President of the United report, so as to permit, as the chairman teed by the very agency which is admin States submitting sundry· nominations, has pointed out, some flexibility in the istering the life insurance fund. For the which was referred to the Committee handling of Wherry housing and hous life of me I cannot see why that would on Armed Services. ing in critical defense areas with respect not be a good investment field. I hope