Annual Report 2007

building on collaboration

Securing Western Australia’s future as a self-sufficient producer of clean, natural energy building on contents collaboration 02 Chairman’s Report 03 CEO’s Report 05 Alliance Management and Governance

The Western Australian Energy Research 08 Strategic Alliances Alliance (WA:ERA) provides premium quality The Western Australian Energy Research Alliance (WA:ERA) is an 10 Fundamental Research, Applied Outcomes research and technology-based solutions and unincorporated Joint Venture that was initiated by Australia’s education services to the global energy Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation industry, particularly to companies with 11 General Highlights (CSIRO), Curtin University of Technology (Curtin) and The University of commercial activity in Western Australia. Western Australia (UWA) on the 9th September 2003. 13 Research WA:ERA partners draw together specialised The Joint Venture was established in order to better represent the collective and collaborative skills in all science and technology areas 14 Project Highlights necessary to address challenges concerning the energy research capabilities of the three organisations, and thereby stimulate mutual growth, discovery, development, recovery, transport- and assist the development of the Western Australian energy industry. The value of this was 17 Researcher Profiles ation and refinement of subsurface energy recognised by the Minister for Science for the State of Western Australia, and WA:ERA was sources. awarded a Major Research Facilities Grant of $20 million in December 2004. 20 Achievements, Awards and Grants 24 Education and Training

Mission Statement 26 Capabilities and Facilities 29 Communications and Public Relations WA:ERA’s mission is to consolidate the scientific foundation that will secure 30 Conferences, Seminars and Meetings Western Australia’s future as an enduring self-sufficient producer of clean natural 32 Publications energy. 44 Acronyms and Abbreviations

WA:ERA has three strategic research goals: WA:ERA is one of the principal hubs in Western

maximise Australia’s liquids self-sufficiency Australia’s oil and gas technology cluster, and is rapidly developing into one of the world’s leading monetise Western Australia’s stranded gas oil and gas research institutions through its ensure the sustainable development of partnerships with industry and Government.” Western Australia’s oil and gas industry. ‘ “Since its establishment in 2004, WA:ERA has attracted research This Annual Report describes the rapid contracts in excess of $30 million, validating the State acceleration of activities that occurred in 2007, Government’s decision to invest in this strategically important and especially those with key industry partners research institute. Chevron and Woodside. Alan Carpenter MLA, Premier of Western Australia

I congratulate WA:ERA on a very successful year. I am delighted to have had the opportunity to work closely with such a high achieving team. I particularly’ applaud their approach to address the JOINT VENTURE PARTNERS ‘energy challenges we face as a planet and to capitalise on the opportunities presented in Western Australia. I am sure that the linkages being forged by WA:ERA with both the industry and academic sectors will provide an excellent ALLIANCE PARTNERS platform for advances in 2008. Professor Lyn Beazley, Western Australian’ Chief Scientist WA:ERA now represents Highlights the means to consolidate the scientific foundation ‘that will secure Western Successful implementation of Australia’s future as an vanguard projects, balancing State and Federal Government enduring self-sufficient and Industry sponsorship producer of clean natural

Formation of a fellowship of energy, for the holistic committed collaborators across benefit of the citizens of the three Joint Venture Partner organisations Western Australia.

Recruitment of new talent to WA:ERA

AES:WA Agreement between WA:ERA and Chevron becomes the largest interaction of its type for both organisations

The R2D3 Agreement between WA:ERA and Woodside evolves ’ CEO’s Report and provides access to new and exciting ventures The Western Australian Energy Research So far a total of around A$24 million has gone benefit from the considerable funding that Specific and much larger Alliance came of age in 2007. Our vanguard towards WA:ERA research projects, made up of Chevron and Woodside continue to provide opportunities to collaborate projects forged ahead and established a new State Government funding through WA:ERA, to the Joint Venture. Both have recognised the open up for 2008 paradigm for industry interaction in the State, industry partners and in-kind funding. This short, medium and long term advantages that Chairman’s Report which is now on a par with the best of global year WA:ERA is engaged in 45 industry-funded developed relationships with local research comparisons. Our relationships with industry research projects. We also have an array of 61 and education institutions have. activities that relate to the funding we have WA:ERA has developed strong working facilitating this outcome by working with have matured and are looking towards Other organisations that work significantly Western Australia is received from the State. We have intentionally relationships with its industry partners commitment at a new level over a broad range with WA:ERA partners include BHP Billiton, industry to resolve some of the technical not diverted all research capability towards blessed with a large Chevron and Woodside. These companies of scientific applications. WA:ERA now Shell, BP, Petrobras, Petronas, ARC, OMV, challenges. At the same time, work will industrial-funded projects, especially those have supported the vision of an energy represents the means to consolidate the Origin and Coogee, Technip, Clough and continue on non-fossil fuel solutions. that have prescriptive confidentiality endowment of gas research capability in Western Australia which scientific foundation that will secure Western Worley. Since there is absolutely no cost to the agreements. Much of our research is of key addresses the specific challenges faced by the A further benefit to the State is the building of Australia’s future as an enduring self-sufficient sponsor and it makes administration more reserves. This can be importance to the State’s energy scene, but not oil and gas sector in Australia, and in a capability which addresses not only the producer of clean natural energy, for the straightforward, we always suggest that any ‘ necessarily core business to established developed to address the addition, harnesses the technical competence domestic industry and its challenges, but also sponsoring organisation forms an alliance holistic benefit of the citizens of Western industry. with WA:ERA. In this way, it is easy to stay up- State’s energy needs with of the Joint Venturers of WA:ERA. The capitalises on the use of this capability to Australia. formation of project-specific teams, which service opportunities in the wider world. Gas State Government support in 2007 has been to-date with progress in the research arena. The introduction of WA:ERA represented a crucial to our successes and we now have a less impact on the bring together the resources of the Joint developments across Australia, as well as in 2007 has been the best year for WA:ERA so far perturbation to the highly competitive and more profound understanding of how we can Venturers, has built capability to deal with the wider world, will need to deal with the in many respects. We have achieved a six-fold environment than would each project more effectively than would have not always collaborative research integrate with industry to create wide reaching technical issues arising from increasing increase in the rate of recruitment from last been possible without the Alliance. environment. Deviation from an established benefit to the citizens of Western Australia. be possible with other remoteness, greater water depths, and year, matching a similar increase in the way necessarily involves a series of Along with the State Government, we have generation of industry funding. According to The building of this capability in Western demanding environmental challenges. fossil fuels. evolutionary changes, and this takes time and been exceptionally fortunate to have had current proposals and the intent of our Australia is important, not only to WA:ERA’s WA:ERA is well positioned to build on the industry partners, but also to the State and its determination. It is through a determined Chevron and Woodside supporting WA:ERA industry partners this growth rate is set to platform of its Joint Venturers’ capabilities citizens. It provides wonderful opportunities effort in 2007 that we perceptibly entered a from the start, and it should be recognised continue. and to become a researcher of choice. The last new era where collaborative research projects that the relationships that we have grown in to the scientists and engineers of this State, These increases were due to a hard-fought two years have laid the foundation for this, that can stand industry scrutiny are gaining 2007 have their roots at a personal level. and opens up career options at the high value implementation of our recruitment plan, and the years ahead will offer the opportunity Crucial to these relationships is a shared end of the industry. funding far beyond the established norm. which has resulted in a balanced portfolio of to establish a sound reputation across the Consequently WA:ERA has become the hub vision of our mutual goals but also a Western Australia is blessed with a large researchers across the institutions (Curtin wider energy industry. profound appreciation of the challenges that endowment of gas reserves. This can be around which collaborative research is University of Technology, CSIRO and The we face, and trust and confidence in our developed to address the State’s energy needs occurring, and allowing integration with other University of Western Australia) and research efforts to overcome them. with less impact on the environment than Mr David Agostini institutions and organisations. This spirit of program categories (Gas, Facilities and would be possible with other fossil fuels. Chairman of the Governing Board collaboration represents the core value on WA:ERA now essentially acts as a facilitator for Subsurface). This was mainly due to a careful ’ WA:ERA will play an important role in WA:ERA which WA:ERA is building. any research and education projects that process of planning, steered by advice from 02 03 our key industry partners. All of our new efficiency of LNG production and can technologies that synthesise fuels from researchers are now fully engaged and further profoundly reduce greenhouse gas Western Australia’s abundant natural gas Alliance Management recruitment will occur purely on the basis of production. A number of key people have also reserves. The equally important cornerstones project funding in the future. been hired to work on a variety of projects in for this will be innovations to safely optimise the areas of subsea gas processing, gas and Governance It is a frenetic time to be in the energy recovery of these remote reserves and conditioning, flow assurance, biofuel industry, and as a result of the employment safeguard the local and global environment. churn, some of our new recruits have not only production, corrosion, compact equipment Perhaps only in this way, will Australian engaged in research, but have necessarily design, and catalyst development and citizens have assured access to clean and cost- adopted teaching support roles. The collective implementation. These vanguard projects are effective fuels into the future, maintain their The Western Australian Energy Research Alliance (WA:ERA) is a Joint Venture educational capabilities of Curtin and UWA in also building infrastructure, with an eye on way of life, and set an enviable precedent for between CSIRO, Curtin University of Technology (Curtin) and The University the energy arena are immense. 2007 saw the capacity for future projects. The program is Australia, the region and the rest of the world. well underway, heading towards the goal of of Western Australia (UWA). The Alliance is based at the Australian Resources reinvigoration of the WA:ERA Education and These activities will be linked to the founding developing world class research in gas Research Centre (ARRC) within the heart of the State’s oil and gas technology Training Program, which has recognised this of an Australian Gas Centre, which will be of technologies. cluster at Technology Park, Bentley in Perth. WA:ERA delivers single entry collective strength and the potential to pivotal importance to the energy future of access to a critical mass of leading researchers actively addressing industry collaborate, combining the teaching The success in the Gas Technologies Program Australia. This will happen through a research challenges with world-scale resources. capability and reaching out to other has been attributable to some solid business blending of commitments from State, Federal, organisations in the State. decisions, specifically about the rules for industrial and academic partners, using External structure Although we focus on many aspects of energy allocation of support funding, coupled with WA:ERA’s progress in 2007 as a stepping- JOINT VENTURE PARTNERS science, our research emphasis continues to be sound technical calibration. Key decisions for stone. on natural gas. The majority of our funding is the Facilities and Subsurface Programs were It is difficult to capture all the progress that CSIRO Curtin University The University of supporting efforts to make gas recovery and its made prior to 2007, and these programs have Petroleum of Technology Western Australia has been made during 2007 in a report like use more efficient, and to reduce its been progressing steadily. Preparations were this. One solid measure is the enthusiasm and environmental impact. made in 2007 to set the scene for a number of new and exciting projects, especially in the wealth of talent of all the newly recruited As part of our fundamental strategy for 2007 facilities area. These will include novel researchers, another is the refreshing wave of we recruited senior researchers to work on a WA:ERA floating and subsea structures that could new industry-based research funding. But squad of ‘vanguard’ projects that have forged a break established norms for field more than these tangibles, the single most way forward. On average these are each now developments. significant measure is the conspicuous spirit drawing over $1 million of funding. Areas and air of collaboration and good will. Our include gas-to-liquid technologies, from WA:ERA’s major thrust in 2008 will be to mantra remains ‘building on collaboration’. optimisation of established techniques and focus on natural gas research across a broad AES:WA MRF R2D3 exploration of other techniques such as range of engineering aspects. The keystone to pyrolysis and cold plasma, to a suite of this will be gas-to-liquids technology, and Dr Ian Finnie processes that significantly increase the specifically the development of new CEO, WA:ERA WESTERN AUSTRALIAN CHEVRON WOODSIDE STATE GOVERNMENT

ALLIANCE PARTNERS

WA:ERA’s major thrust in Internal structure 2008 will be to focus on GOVERNING BOARD natural gas research across a broad range of engineering Executive Advisory WA:ERA Industry Advisory ‘ Group Group aspects. CEO’S OFFICE

Subsurface Gas Facilities Education and Technologies Technologies Research Training Research Research Program Program Program Program

Program Program Program Program Leader Leader Leader Leader Vacant Professor Professor Krish Mr Robert ’ Mark Trebble Thiagarajan Johnson

04 5 WA:ERA delivers single entry access to a critical mass of leading The Governing Board meets every two months, and has representation by each of the members of the Joint Venture partnership. In addition to expressing the interests of and researchers actively addressing resolving differences between the Alliance Partners, it keeps the Alliance’s mission in focus, assesses performance, and guides it towards its longer term strategic goals. ‘industry research challenges with Governing Board members: world-scale resources.

Mr David Agostini, Chairman and Independent (Non-executive) The WA:ERA Partners:

Dr Ian Finnie, CEO, WA:ERA (Ex Officio Member)

Mr Phil Harvey, Independent (Non-executive)

Professor Linda Kristjanson (Curtin)

Professor Doug McEachern (UWA)

Dr Beverley Ronalds (CSIRO) The Major Research Facility (MRF) Grant CSIRO, the Commonwealth Scientific and Curtin University of Technology is Western Chevron is one of the largest integrated provided by the State Government of Industrial Research Organisation, is Australia’s largest university with over 40,000 energy companies in the world, and The Industry Advisory Group (IAG) played an important role in the formation of WA:ERA, Western Australia aimed to create a critical Australia’s national science agency and one students. Undergraduate programs centre on the engages in every aspect of the oil and helping to identify strategic needs in the oil and gas industry and ensuring that Government mass of researchers, and was the financial of the largest and most diverse research provision of knowledge and skills to meet natural gas industry. At the end of 2006, the funding was allocated to best effect. It now meets twice a year and continues to help ’ catalyst that launched WA:ERA as a research agencies in the world. It contributes to industry and workplace standards. Curtin’s company’s worldwide net proved crude oil integrate WA:ERA activities with industry, facilitating and suggesting projects, and enhancing hub for the oil and gas industry. State WA:ERA through a number of Divisions and extensive Research and Development Program has and natural gas reserves were 11.6 billion networking between industry and academia. Government support has enabled WA:ERA to National Research Flagships: an overarching objective of solving real world barrels of oil-equivalent. During the year, Industry Advisory Group members in 2007 were: establish its capability and reputation in a problems and has strong strategic partnerships Chevron produced 2.67 million barrels per Energy Transformed National Research relatively short time frame, enabling the with industry and government. day of oil-equivalent. The company is also Mr Keith Spence, Chairman (Woodside Energy) Flagship is responding to Alliance Partners to collectively launch one of the world’s largest producers of environmental challenges facing the The participation of Curtin University of Mr David Agostini, Non-executive Representative, WA:ERA Governing Board research programs on an internationally natural gas, with resources spanning six energy sector, and in collaboration with Technology in the Alliance is centred on its competitive scale, attract the world’s best continents, including some of the world’s Professor Lyn Beazley, The Chief Scientist of Western Australia national and global partners, seeks to Departments of Petroleum Engineering and researchers, and significantly increase industry most prolific natural gas basins in Australia deliver energy solutions for a Exploration Geophysics, together with a number of Dr Ian Finnie, CEO, WA:ERA (Ex Officio Member) investment in research and development. and Western Africa. In Australia, Chevron is sustainable future. The Flagship aims to separately constituted research units. In total, some the largest leaseholder of undeveloped Mr Gary Jeffrey (ARC Energy Ltd) State Government support of WA:ERA identify optimum sustainable energy 50 research staff operate under the aegis of WA:ERA. natural gas resources. Mr Jay Johnson, (Chevron Australia Pty Ltd) through the Office of Science and Innovation pathways and to supply information to is ensuring that the skilled practitioners the energy sector regarding current Chevron has built an integrated gas Mr Christian Lange (Neptune Marine Services) needed to assist the development of the research in this field. business with expertise in exploration and Mr Cameron Manifold (Advanced Well Technologies) Western Australian energy industry are both production, liquefaction, shipping, Wealth from Oceans National Research attracted to and trained in the State. This in regasification, pipeline operations, gas Dr David Mofflin (WorleyParsons) – alternate for Mr Iain Ross Flagship is increasing our knowledge of turn builds capability, sustains Australia’s marketing, power generation and gas-to- ocean systems and processes and aims The University of Western Australia is Dr Beverley Ronalds, Joint Venture Representative, WA:ERA Governing Board growth and wealth and is helping to secure liquids technology. Chevron’s research to provide Australians with access to the recognised internationally for its excellence in Mr Iain Ross (WorleyParsons) Australia’s position as a leading edge alliance with WA:ERA became its largest in vast economic and social wealth of our teaching and research and as a leading intellectual knowledge community of the future. 2007. Mr Tim Wall (Apache Corporation) ocean territories, while preserving their and creative resource to the communities it serves. environmental value. An emphasis on research and research training is a Ms Jessie Inman, Managing Director of Cool Energy, has accepted an invitation to become a CSIRO Exploration and Mining works defining characteristic of The University, making it member of the Industry Advisory Group in 2008. to ensure the continuing prosperity of one of Australia’s leading research-intensive universities. This is evident in the University’s The Executive Advisory Group (EAG) meets every two months, and provides a forum for the minerals industry in Australia. vision for the 21st Century and in its mission: dialogue between the WA:ERA CEO, the partner institutions, and the research programs, CSIRO Petroleum provides embodying the communication and collaboration that occurs at WA:ERA at all levels. It technologies to help improve “To advance, transmit and sustain knowledge and Woodside is Australia’s largest publicly advises the Board, and provides a vehicle for enacting Board decisions. Australia’s oil self sufficiency and grow understanding through the conduct of teaching, traded oil and gas exploration and research and scholarship at the highest international production company. With proved plus Executive Advisory Group members: its gas industry, which, with a smaller environmental footprint can play a lead standards, for the benefit of the Western Australian, probable reserves of almost 1.6 billion Dr Ian Finnie, EAG Chairman and CEO of WA:ERA role in Australian’s energy future. Australian and international communities”. barrels of oil-equivalent, in 2007 Woodside produced more than 70 million barrels of Ms Betty Bright, Business Manager, WA:ERA The University of Western Australia participates in oil-equivalent. Woodside’s major business WA:ERA through a number of key areas: the Ms Anne Kealley, WA:ERA Manager, The University of Western Australia is centred on the North West Shelf Venture, School of Mechanical Engineering (which merged Australia’s largest resource project, and the Mr Jeff McCulloch, WA:ERA Manager, CSIRO Petroleum with the School of Oil and Gas Engineering in country’s first and largest liquefied natural Mr Tony Tate, WA:ERA Manager, Curtin University of Technology 2007), the Centre for Offshore Foundation gas (LNG) plant. Systems, the School of Civil Engineering, the Mr Robert Johnson, WA:ERA Education and Training Program Leader, and WA:ERA School of Earth and Geographical Sciences and Coordinator, Curtin University of Technology the Business School, representing a resource base Professor Krish Thiagarajan, WA:ERA Facilities Research Program Leader of more than 60 oil, gas and infrastructure related research staff. Professor Mark Trebble, WA:ERA Gas Technologies Research Program Leader

TBA, WA:ERA Subsurface Technologies Research Program Leader 06 07 Strategic Alliances

Research and technology development AES:WA Chevron aims to enhance its relationships in R2D3 the conditions on the sea bed at Pluto, which (CSEM), was used by Woodside for is vital for the oil and gas industry as it the gas value chain from subsurface all the is significant as 2007 has seen Woodside gain exploration, also for the first time in Australia. In 2005 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd formed a In 2004 Woodside Energy signed a Joint underpins both current activities and way to outlet of facilities, and plans to do approval for the Pluto LNG project to be built CSEM can improve the probability of Strategic Research Alliance with WA:ERA Venture agreement for a five-year program lays the foundation for future more research in that area. To this end, on the Burrup Peninsula. exploration success when used together with 3 which significantly increased the level of oil Chevron has signalled significant interest in with WA:ERA worth up to A$30 million. R2D conventional techniques such as 3D seismic. developments. It is fundamental to Woodside was the principal industry sponsor and gas research in Western Australia. The the Australian Gas Centre initiative currently (Research to Discover, Develop and Deploy meeting the challenges and realising the of the inaugural WA:ERA project in the area of Both 4D seismic and CSEM require the best Western Australian Alliance for Advanced under discussion. As a step in this direction, in energy solutions for a sustainable future) opportunities available in Western subsea gas processing, and an important minds in physics and mathematics, and Energy Solutions (AES:WA) is a vehicle for 2007 Chevron committed to fund three LNG provides increased industry focus and funding Australia. development in 2007 was the field trial of geophysics continues to be an area in which maximising ongoing and future investment in projects (two at UWA and one at Curtin), and for the activities being undertaken by WA:ERA. cryogenic gas dehydration technology the Australian research community has a vital The research that WA:ERA and other research projects in Western Australia that are has also provided substantial funding in the (developed at the Woodside Hydrocarbon role to play. Woodside looks forwards to a fellow collaborators are undertaking is gas-to-liquids (GTL) research area, with 3 relevant to: R2D enables Woodside to create tailored Research Facility) at ARC Energy’s Xyris Gas already reinforcing Perth’s position as projects both at Curtin’s Centre for Fuels and strengthening of the exploration geophysics research programs and makes sure that results Field Production Facility at Dongara. The oil and gas exploration and development Energy, and CSIRO. In all there are now in capability of WA:ERA. the high-technology hub for the are fully integrated as a value-added activity experience of working with a test site has hydrocarbon processing excess of 30 projects currently funded through international oil and gas industry in the into the business, with a strong emphasis on demonstrated the value of access to local Technology and innovation can play a WA:ERA in the gas technologies arena, all in Australasian region. industry related health, safety and technology deployment. The Joint Venture is onshore fields where technologies can be significant role in enabling projects to proceed less than three years. now in its third year and is maturing with a assessed without the exposure and cost of WA:ERA and its industry partners build environmental issues in the current challenging environment. In focus on deepening peer-to-peer relationships In the third year of the Joint Venture there has offshore application. 2005, Woodside decided to construct the on core research with industry-funded education and training initiatives. been significant change, with Chevron between technical specialists within the two programs in a portfolio of client-specific Remote gas development will also benefit North West Shelf Venture’s LNG Train 5 in becoming more aware of the WA:ERA organisations. from the improved understanding of the modular fashion, a world first for LNG. The and joint-industry funded research partners’ specific capabilities, leading to a The Alliance provides for multiple research Projects started this year include the creation initiatives. impact of submarine landslides on pipelines construction is on schedule to make LNG projects over an open-ended period, with closer and more productive working of Professorial Chairs in Corrosion located on the edge of the continental shelf, deliveries in the fourth quarter of 2008. Chevron committing to invest up to relationship. Having the AES:WA team located Engineering at Curtin, and Petroleum with a study that employs the geotechnical A$5 million annually. near WA:ERA’s management within the ARRC Innovative construction technologies and Geoscience at UWA, in conjunction with centrifuge at UWA’s Centre for Offshore building at Bentley has also been an other key technologies such as those being Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. These are Foundations and Structures. A behavioural Chevron has also recently located their Asia- advantage. important positions that should develop into pursued by the recently established Pacific Global Technology Centre (GTC) in study at Curtin is also underway which aims The Alliance allows Chevron to use and invest conduits linking WA:ERA capability with Collaboration Cluster on Subsea Pipelines, Perth. The GTC is only the third such to better understand the factors that lead to in the resources and talents of the three Woodside’s needs. will in time significantly reduce the cost of international centre established by Chevron, the formation and operation of reliable and WA:ERA partners within a single contract, and developing world-scale, remote, offshore gas. signalling their strong interest in developing Woodside has provided substantial funding safe maintenance teams. the past three years has seen very good Woodside would like to see more innovation excellence in gas research capability in for the Woodside Hydrocarbon Research engagement develop with each of the Woodside brought its Enfield and Chinguetti Facility under the direction of Professor in the fields of gas plant and remote gas Western Australia. While Chevron has a very individual organisations. The maturing of the reservoirs to steady state production during Robert Amin, and has supported pilot plant construction technology, as a means to this strong Australasian business unit in Perth, relationship should lead to more 2007, and in both cases was able to use time- construction and operation in order to end. other factors affecting the decision to locate collaborative discussions and activities lapse or 4D seismic to fine tune the reservoir demonstrate the commercial feasibility of the GTC in Perth included the high calibre of development by “seeing” the water front move Woodside is with WA:ERA for the long game between the three parties, taking Chevron’s some of the resulting technologies. It recently the universities and the quality of potential from the water injection wells and flush oil to and appreciates the stronger WA:ERA team research activities with WA:ERA to the next extended that funding in support of the the production wells. This was the first now emerging. recruits available. The GTC will benefit level of collaboration. National Gas Separation and Subsea application of time-lapse seismic offshore WA:ERA through increasing Chevron’s spread Multiphase Flow Loop Facility, opened by the Australia. of technology activities in Perth, improving Dr Tony Eaton Minister of Energy, Resources, Industry and Mr Neil Kavanagh the scope for collaborative work and Manager, AES:WA Enterprise, the Honourable Francis Logan in A non-seismic exploration technique, known Chief Science and Technology Officer engagement. Chevron Energy Technology Company Pty Ltd May 2007. This facility is capable of mirroring as Controlled Source Electromagnetic Woodside Energy Ltd

Chevron views WA:ERA as the ideal vehicle for collaborative research and development in Australia. Having scientists and engineers from UWA, Curtin, CSIRO and Chevron working together helps ensure delivery of the innovative technologies needed to develop Western Australia’s energy resources in a profitable and environmentally responsible manner. It’s an ‘exciting partnership that benefits all. Paul S Jones, Global Technology Centre Manager Chevron Energy Technology Company Pty Ltd 08 ’ 09 General Highlights

Subsea Pipeline Cluster Launch Shifting the study of offshore pipelines from Pipeline monitoring – explore the use of understanding of the processes involved, so Chevron is sponsoring a project to make LNG isolated individual project developments to autonomous underwater and remotely Fundamental Research, The vast majority of Australia’s known gas the numerical model can be applied to any simulations more reliable, by anchoring the an integrated scientific approach has led to operated vehicles for continuous Applied Outcomes resources exist far offshore and in deep water, location. This will potentially provide long- underlying thermodynamic models to the creation of six research streams that monitoring, assessment of pipeline term benefits to the multi-national companies experimental data characteristic of realistic and more is expected to exist farther off the North West Shelf Internal Waves Study coincide with key design aspects of an integrity and evaluation of the sea-floor. involved in its development. Measurements LNG fluids and operating conditions. The continental shelf. Realising the full potential offshore pipeline: Solitons (very large amplitude underwater made in other areas of interest can be used to project, led by Dr Eric May at UWA, aims to of these resources relies on the development waves) cause extremely strong bottom current refine the model, allowing the prediction of measure and correlate a highly accurate set of of new, safe, economically viable and Seabed characterisation – advanced events, which is a significant engineering ocean circulation and internal wave dynamics vapour-liquid equilibria (VLE), volumetric environmentally sound solutions to recover, testing of seabed sediment characteristics in any location of commercial interest, from and calorific data for multi-component LNG concern for the design of subsea pipelines and process and transport them. to understand how they may affect offshore California to offshore Nigeria. fluids at a range of conditions right down to equipment. To reduce the conservatism in the pipelines resting on the seabed. design of long gas pipelines, and hence the cryogenic temperatures at pressures ranging The Wealth from Oceans National Research Schematic of shoreward propagating solitons and from atmospheric to 5.5 MPa. More accurate Flagship’s Collaboration Cluster on Subsea Seabed morphology – understand the cost of remote gas development, a better induced bottom velocities equations of state will then be developed and understanding and prediction of soliton Pipelines (CCSP) was launched in October, formation mechanisms of seabed sand This Cluster is one of the processes is required. incorporated into the process simulators used and unites the research capabilities of The waves and develop a model to predict the to test design improvements for LNG University of Western Australia, Curtin evolution of sand waves with and without success stories in the Professor Greg Ivey at UWA is leading a team production. which has been developing a hybrid University of Technology, The University of the presence of a pipeline. ‘Facilities’ arena for WA:ERA. The project began in July, with the necessary Queensland, Monash University, The numerical model to predict the intensity of Structural integrity – developing a equipment for making measurements at tidally-forced currents and internal waves University of Sydney, Flinders University and The research fields involved, cryogenic temperatures now being built and framework for the analysis of pipeline throughout the North West Shelf. Near seabed profile of the total horizontal current CSIRO. The Cluster consists of a ‘ speed on North West Shelf undergoing commissioning. Experimental stability and fatigue by integrating the though in a similar area, A$3.6 million grant through the Flagship A major part of the project is coordinating measurements are due to begin mid-2008. interactions and effects of the seabed, field measurement of currents at locations of Collaboration Fund and in-kind were not previously aligned This project will improve the ability of currents and internal flow on the pipeline interest on the North West Shelf, analysing the contributions totalling A$7.4 million from engineers to reliably simulate LNG structure. enough to make contact data and using it as input to test and evaluate the participating universities. production plants as well as test new the numerical model, which has been Pipeline hazards – address the technical and connection. WA:ERA put processes and technologies with the potential The Cluster is an initiative derived from developed in collaboration with staff at challenges of changing seabed to increase efficiency or revenue. Stanford University. Current measurements WA:ERA’s Facilities Program, and is led by us together, got us talking, Consequently the level of over-engineering morphology and other geohazards, provide time-dependent information at a Professor Mark Cassidy of The University of and thus the capital and operational costs of particularly where pipelines are routed up got us thinking, and we can single location, whereas the model is Western Australia. It will deliver science-based such plants will decrease, reducing the cost of the continental slope. improving our understanding of how and why engineering solutions for the safe and now deliver on our common LNG production. This in turn will promote water moves, giving information about the the development of Australian gas reserves, economic design and operation of subsea Full-life reliability – assess the feasibility general environment on a larger scale. This is Thermodynamic Modelling for objectives …. particularly for those fields currently on the pipelines in Australia’s deepwater frontiers, of using continuous measurements and important as soliton effects happen on scales Cryogenic LNG Fluids to Improve margins of economic viability. focusing on ultra-long pipelines from analysis to monitor the health of Professor Mark Cassidy, Cluster Leader of tens to hundreds of kilometres. Process Design, Simulation and Operation deepwater to shore. pipelines. Collaboration Cluster on Subsea Pipelines Woodside took the initiative with industry Dr Mohamed Kandil with equipment used for sponsorship of this project, with Chevron The simulation of LNG processes is crucial measuring vapour-liquid equilibria becoming involved two years ago, in line with because it is the only cost-effective method by their increasing activities in the North West which design improvements can be tested. Shelf. Both companies have provided data Proposed LNG plants are simulated, designed, from field measurement programs to help and then built full-scale. Unfortunately, the develop the model, and are benefiting from its predictions of LNG process simulators are outcomes. unreliable, as the thermodynamic models at their core are based on measurements of pure The model provides an understanding of the ’ fluids and some simple mixtures at ambient physical oceanographic environment, and can or higher temperatures, and do not be used to predict environmental loading on extrapolate accurately to cryogenic conditions. structures and pipelines, providing operation Historically this problem has been overcome and design criteria for current and future Dr Beverley Ronalds and Dr Edson Nakagawa of UWA Vice Chancellor Professor Alan Flagship Director Dr Kate Wilson and Dr Ian Finnie with Mr Tuarn Brown by over-engineering the process plant to CSIRO at the CCSP Launch Robson, CSIRO Group Executive, Professor Mark Cassidy, UWA Technician, UWA developments in the North West Shelf such as Energy Chief, Petroleum Resources account for the inaccuracies in the simulation, Dr Beverley Ronalds and Flagship Pluto and Gorgon. but over-engineering is expensive in both Director Dr Kate Wilson The research, while having very applied capital and operational costs, and inaccurate outcomes, is based on a fundamental simulators make plant optimisation difficult. 10 11 Research

Minister for Energy, Resources, Industry and Dr Eric May and Dr Ian Finnie with Professor Mark Trebble, Dr Steve Halls, Enterprise, the Honourable Francis Logan Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Dr Jim Patel and Dr Antony Eaton at with members of the OGICC Energy Jay Radisich at Science@Parliament Science@Parliament

Facilities Research Program Leader WA:ERA at Science@Parliament Industry Relationships WA:ERA has three overlapping research energy future of Australia. This will happen Subsurface Technologies Program Appointed categories, managed as separate programs through a blending of commitments from WA:ERA was very well represented at the Relationships with WA:ERA’s industry partners The Subsurface Technologies Program aims to which cover the recognised technology State, Federal, industry and academic partners. Professor Krish Thiagarajan was appointed to inaugural Science@Parliament WA at have been re-engineered and have reached a secure Australia’s oil and gas self-sufficiency challenges for the industry in Western The keystone to this will be GTL technology, the position of Facilities Program Leader for Parliament House in August. The aim of the new level of maturity in 2007. Alliance by addressing the main engineering and Australia, namely: and specifically the development of new the WA:ERA Facilities Program in April 2007. event was to increase the political awareness research capabilities and expertise have been technologies that synthesise fuels from geological barriers to exploitation of complex Krish is well placed to make a substantial of the role and importance of science in more clearly identified, and Dr Ian Finnie is Gas Technologies Western Australia’s abundant natural gas reservoirs. The research includes enabling contribution, and 2008 will be vitally Western Australia, help make science and now acting as the nominated interface for all Facilities reserves. Equally important will be technology to improve the effectiveness in important for the Facilities Program. His innovation an integral part of policy industry Alliance Partners. He provides a innovations to safely optimise recovery of targeting oil exploration and maximising Subsurface Technologies. personal research expertise covers the formulation, and increase Government primary point of contact for industry to access these remote reserves and safeguard the local hydrocarbon recoveries of challenging dynamics of floating production systems, support of science, research and innovation. the combined expertise of the three Joint and global environment. reservoirs. determination of waves and other Venture Research partners. Although our Ten topics of relevance to the State were A challenging reservoir is defined as a environmental loading, hydrodynamic model industry partners are more than clients, the represented, with WA:ERA covering “Energy”. reservoir that is currently not produced, is testing and analysis techniques for floating quality of the relationship is arguably the The contingent included Dr Ian Finnie (CEO), subeconomic or very poorly performing single most important aspect of WA:ERA as a and compliant structures. Professor Mark Trebble (Curtin), Dr Eric May because of geological or engineering business. In expanding the Facilities Program, Krish will (UWA), Dr Jim Patel (CSIRO) and Dr Tony complexities, or a combination of the two. be identifying industry needs, and where there Eaton (Chevron), along with Professor Steve The needs, drivers and operating structure of Professor Mark Trebble, Professor Krish Thiagarajan, Research into advancing technology aims to Gas Technologies Program Leader Facilities Program Leader is overlap with existing capabilities within Halls (Murdoch). Informal discussions were both Chevron and Woodside are now better characterise, develop and produce challenging WA:ERA or potential external Alliance held with parliamentarians on both sides of understood, leading to more straightforward reservoirs for optimal production. Facilities Program partners, developing relationships and new the House, raising the profile of energy and productive interaction, with research Gas Technologies Program programs better tailored to their processes and projects to address those needs. research in Western Australia. The Gas Technologies Program is conducting As the Western Australian oil and gas industry outcomes more clearly defined. New projects research primarily focused on translating moves offshore into deeper waters, a clearer are more easily initiated, and existing projects WA:ERA CEO Invited to Join Ministerial Education and Training Program Western Australia’s abundance of natural gas understanding of the offshore environment is are benefiting from the rapport that is Advisory Council Leader Appointed into marketable fuel resources. In order to critical. The Facilities Program focuses on the developing between technical specialists, monetise remote gas sources the Program is research and development needs of industry Western Australian Government Minister for Although there have always been four whether in industry or academia. developing strength in the areas of gas in the areas of offshore infrastructure on the Energy, Resources, Industry and Enterprise, programs within WA:ERA, the primary focus liquefaction (LNG), turning gas into synthetic seabed (subsea), through the water column the Honourable Francis Logan, has invited has been on the three Research Programs. liquid fuels and industrial feedstocks (such as and on the surface (floaters). The research Dr Ian Finnie to join the Western Australian WA:ERA has steadily been recruiting students methanol or acetylene) through chemical focus is on maintaining a reliable long-term Oil and Gas Industry Coordinating Council since its launch, however the Education and transformation (GTL), and shipping of gas supply whilst protecting the sensitive (OGICC). Training Program had been slower to establish compressed gas (CNG). Another significant marine environments in which our offshore itself. This was addressed early in 2007 with focus of the research program is directed The OGICC is a strategic forum that includes oil and gas fields are located. The main the appointment of Mr Robert Johnson as towards the development of biofuels such as oil and gas companies, suppliers, objective of this program may be summarised Program Leader. Robert is now providing a ethanol and biodiesel, which will be of crucial Government, union, peak body and now as: pivotal focal point for a number of new benefit to assure future fuel needs and will research and development representatives. Ian To deliver improved approaches to initiatives, as outlined in the Education and provide a sustainable energy source that will is the first member to provide scientific Training section of this report. outlast gas reserves. understanding Western Australian-specific research representation on the Council. Ian environmental, health and safety, operational Through his considerable experience, Robert believes that it is only through the dialogue Supply of gas reserves to processing facilities is and construction issues in order to reduce is well attuned with the needs of graduates also a significant roadblock in Western that occurs in forums like this that a calibrated whole-of-life infrastructure risks and costs. entering industry, as well as the training needs Australia. Most of these reserves are in deep appreciation can be achieved of how the of industry. A petroleum engineer by water and contain large amounts of carbon activities of different sectors can best fit The Program has four research themes to background, Robert started his industry career dioxide. This unique situation requires together for the common good. address specific challenges presented by the as a drilling engineer with Woodside-Burmah research into separation technologies unique Western Australian offshore The Council provides the opportunity for in Perth. He was then the Petroleum including subsea gas processing, subsea environment: Government and industry leaders to discuss Engineering Research Manager for BP in the dehydration technology, subsea energy strategic issues facing the industry in Western UK before being appointed as Head of the generation research, hydrate slurry Stability of the North West Shelf Australia and facilitates communication transportation investigations, cold three phase Petroleum Science and Technology Institute, Deepwater pipeline and integrated riser between the oil and gas industry’s major flow research, compact equipment design, an industry and government-supported systems stakeholders. Chaired by the Minister, the research organisation that was the precursor specialised corrosion issues, and new carbon Integrated floating facilities modelling Council maintains and updates a collective body to the UK’s Aberdeen-based oil and gas dioxide removal processes. “leadership vision” of the Western Australian Industry Technology Facilitator. Robert joined Building on the success of the Gas Asset management. hydrocarbon industry, and formulates and CSIRO in 2003 and was the Acting Chief Technologies Program, a major thrust in 2008 backs specific initiatives to benefit the Executive for WA:ERA until the appointment will be to found an Australian Gas Centre, industry and Western Australia. of Dr Ian Finnie. which will be of pivotal importance to the 12 13 Alley farming of mallee in agricultural land Project Highlights

Dr Guillaume Watson loading a high pressure cell with a molecular sieve to characterise it at cryogenic temperatures

Geopolymers for LNG Storage Technical options for mallee biomass Cryogenic Pressure Swing Adsorption Jet Impingement Cell for Corrosion Doug redesigned a jet impingement cell utilisation to produce various products for Carbon Dioxide Capture Characterisation specifically for electrochemical corrosion Dr Kwesi Sagoe-Crentsil at CSIRO is working studies, and further improved on commercial with Chevron to develop a new geopolymer Raw natural gas contains a number of A technique developed and characterised by systems by using a limiting current technique contaminants, including carbon dioxide and concrete for LNG applications. The advanced Dr Doug John as part of his PhD at Curtin to directly measure the shear stress at the nitrogen. Carbon dioxide contamination is geopolymer is stronger than concrete and several years ago is now in regular use surface, and fully characterise the costs about the same to produce, so less of it routinely removed by amine-based characterising corrosion and inhibition under hydrodynamics of the cell. needs to be used for a given application, absorption cycles, but this process is optimal high shear conditions. Doug’s initial project Using his system, Doug was largely able to making overall material costs cheaper. Due to only for levels of about 5% carbon dioxide. At was to investigate whether increasing flow explain why other laboratories were its strength, the geopolymer provides higher concentrations, multiple absorption rates through production pipelines at producing unusual data. He was also able to improved possibilities to build upwards rather cycles are necessary and this greatly increases show that the inhibitors would not shear off than outwards, reducing the footprint of new the cost of the processing facility. This Woodside would shear the surfactant at higher flow rates, contrary to the accepted facilities and hence their physical and increased cost significantly affects the inhibitor off the pipe walls and cause thinking at the time, a result that was environmental impact. economic viability of large Australian gas increased carbon dioxide corrosion. subsequently validated by other independent fields, such as the Gorgon field which CSIRO has determined the geopolymer Jet impingement cells are used to simulate the research groups. contains 14% carbon dioxide. properties under both ambient and cryogenic high shear conditions experienced in some Since then, the jet impingement technique Nitrogen is inert and is usually left in natural conditions, and demonstrated its suitability multiphase flows common to oil and gas has been used regularly within the Western gas because there is no conventional means of for LNG storage applications. Use of the production. Although a few jet impingement Australian Corrosion Research Group to removing it. Unfortunately a lot of energy is geopolymer should allow the construction of cells were commercially available overseas, evaluate corrosion inhibitors and material Biofuels and Bioenergy from Mallee supply in Western Australia and offers a wasted cooling the nitrogen to the final LNG LNG storage tanks in a significantly shortened this was the first time that this technology and performance under high shear conditions Biomass unique opportunity to establish a sustainable temperature (–161ºC). This parasitic cooling time at reduced cost – initial estimates suggest simulating deep gas well environments. Using mallee-based bioenergy system. decreases the efficiency of LNG production by expertise was available in the southern a $10–15 million saving as a result of cheaper Biomass is an important part of any strategy to an electrochemical cell capable of operating at about 4% for gas containing 4% nitrogen. hemisphere. At the time of the project, the materials and simplified design. address the environmental impacts of fossil Dr Hongwei Wu at Curtin has carried out a high temperature and pressure, with well- application of the jet impingement cell to fuel use, although it does not provide a systematic techno-economic analysis in Dr Eric May’s team at UWA, with Chevron’s defined electrode separation and fully The engineering parameters of the new corrosion research was novel with limited complete solution. It can contribute assessing the viability of biofuels production support, is addressing both problems. They characterised hydrodynamics allows for material are being determined, and a third understanding of the pertinent parameters significantly to energy security and regional from various feedstocks in Western Australia. are investigating new methods of removing confident interpretation of experimental party construction company has now joined development, and is the only direct source of He has shown that the production of mallee and capturing both nitrogen and carbon that controlled the hydrodynamics, and few results. Woodside’s investment in a PhD the project. The next step is to develop the biomass, mallee-derived biofuels and dioxide from natural gas using cryogenic researchers had developed appropriate student and project has paid dividends for engineering designs so geopolymer LNG tank carbon-based materials. bioenergy achieves considerably higher life- pressure swing adsorption. Porous adsorbents methodologies. Woodside and the industry as a whole. prototypes can be built for testing. In Western Australia, mallee eucalypts are cycle energy efficiency than the better-known are currently used to remove water from being developed as woody crops to help grain-based options. The results clearly show natural gas using this process, but because of control dryland salinity. Mallees are multi- that mallee is a truly sustainable biomass the similar size and polarity of nitrogen, Emulsions in Crude Oil branched shrubs or short trees able to be source in Western Australia. As extensive carbon dioxide and methane, the challenge is harvested on a short cycle, and able to rapidly adoption of mallee in the wheatbelt alone to develop an adsorbent which can One facet of flow assurance is predicting and regenerate as coppice. Production costs are Due to its strength, the could supply about 10 million dry tonnes of discriminate between them over a wide range managing the propensity of crude oil to form low and the system can feed into a centralised of conditions. Pore size will be controlled at biomass per year, mallee is probably the only emulsions during production. All oils are geopolymer provides processing factory via a large-scale biomass the nanoscale using carbon and silica Five different fractions of a Western Australian oil: realistic biomass option able to impact on produced with entrained water, but some (L to R) asphaltenes, bound resins, saturates, supply chain (from harvester to central deposition techniques and by calixarene Western Australia’s future energy mix. produce ‘tight’ and stable emulsions as a aromatics and free resins improved possibilities to processor). Mallee crops integrated into synthesis, and these materials will be tested at result of the shear forces experienced through wheatbelt agricultural systems may deliver Hongwei is now developing advanced cryogenic conditions in high-pressure build upwards rather than high pressure pipes, separators and chokes, UWA and Associate Professor Robert Trengove significant collateral environmental benefits thermochemical processing technology for adsorption experiments on a scale that reflects ‘ at Murdoch University, is investigating the outwards, reducing the and meet the needs of economic biofuels and bioenergy production from industry practice. whereas others produce ‘loose’ emulsions that mechanism of emulsion formation, and has diversification for farmers, through “alley mallee biomass. Experimental rigs are being rapidly separate. Persistent emulsions are too The experimental infrastructure needed to footprint of new facilities established for biomass drying, extraction of viscous to pump easily, and often need the identified a correlation with the ratio of farming”. As a by-product of dryland salinity determine the thermodynamics and kinetics application of expensive chemicals to break asphaltenes and another class of compounds and hence their physical and control, mallee appears to have considerable value-added eucalyptus oil, pyrolysis and of adsorption under conditions of high potential for low cost, centralised biomass gasification. pressure and low temperature is currently them down, which themselves then need to called binding resins, which bind to the environmental impact. under development, and measurements be removed before further processing. asphaltenes. A low ratio of binding resin to should begin during 2008. The outcomes of In simple terms, asphaltenes are heavy, tarry asphaltene allows the asphaltene molecules to the research will determine whether the particles in the crude oil, and their either precipitate (a flow assurance problem approach is technically feasible and in itself) or to stabilise microscopic water economic, and may eventually improve the precipitation has been implicated in droplets, leading to a tight, enduring design of LNG production trains for stabilising oil emulsions, but they do not contaminated gas reserves, making these gas behave equally in all oils. Dr Brendan Graham emulsion. In contrast, a high ratio keeps the fields far more viable. at UWA, in conjunction with Dr Eric May at asphaltenes in solution, and there is nothing 14 ’ 15 Researcher Profiles

2D GC plot from a Western Australian oil. The bottom axis relates to the boiling point of the oil components, which are then separated by differing polarity (y axis)

to prevent the water phase separating from the Collaboration Highlight Dr David Pack oil easily. Brendan’s work would not be possible without the involvement and expertise of Associate Dr David Pack doesn’t fit Brendan is now extracting these binding resins Professor Robert Trengove and his molecular characterisation facilities at Murdoch University. the profile of a typical from oil samples, to see if they can affect the The binding resins were identified as components of interest in oil samples that typically contain researcher. All of his studies ability of other oils to form emulsions. over 8,000 different chemicals, through a combination of fractionation, emulsion testing, and have been done part-time, Preliminary results suggest that adding excess 2D time-of-flight gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The world-class facilities available at with him undertaking his binding resin to problematic oils can reduce Murdoch were essential to separate and identify the active components in such complex samples. PhD more by accident than design when he the likelihood of asphaltene precipitation and was already over 50. This shouldn’t imply that The Separation Science Laboratory at Murdoch is probably the best-equipped laboratory in the emulsion formation. This leads to the he has been lax in his efforts though – along southern hemisphere for the analysis of complex mixtures. It contains an array of gas possibility of refining a fraction of a suitable the way, David has run his own company for chromatographic (GC) and high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) techniques and crude oil to extract the binding resins, and 10 years, worked for Commonwealth and detectors for the separation of complex mixtures, coupled with a suite of mass spectrometry (MS) adding that to a producing well to minimise State governments, other instrumentalities instrumentation for the identification of individual compounds. The facilities and expertise the emulsion of a problematic oil. This would and private companies, and spent over 15 available have been used to address problems as diverse as HIV drug metabolism through to avoid the use of expensive synthetic emulsion- years in the Military Reserves. crude oil fingerprinting. suppressing chemicals that are incompatible David’s expertise is in gas transportation, with refinery processes. covering gas properties, flow assurance, and the development and operation of gas pipelines, particularly with respect to Controlling Gas Hydrates nucleation (believed to be the rate- agglomeration, break-up, entrainment and hydrocarbon fluids measurement and quality Australasia, and large meters must be sent to These instruments are used to analyse the determining step) under a given set of deposition along pipelines in transient issues. While in industry, David was heavily the USA or Europe for calibration, which can individual components isolated by an array of Gas flowing through offshore pipelines at low conditions over a short time frame (typically multiphase flow conditions. CSIRO is involved in research, including supervising take up to 12 months. With industry demand different separation techniques, from HPLC to temperature and high pressure can react with 300 data points over 2–3 days). Early tests developing a prototype software package to about 15 students as an industry advisor. for a local facility set to increase, David aims chiral and two-dimensional GC. water present in the fluid to form solid gas show interesting results regarding key simulate these processes, coupling a When he came across a project that really to develop a commercial venture in hydrates. These ice-like crystals can block The facilities that Robert has developed are variables that might change within an population balance equation and a one- interested him, in order to secure the partnership with a local pipeline operator pipelines, interrupting production, and at generally applicable, and have led to operational pipeline, such as the presence of dimensional gas-water-particle transport university and industry funding to undertake over the next five years. worst, cause pipelines to burst. collaborations with a number of universities model. An experimental flow loop is currently it, and find a student aware of the intricacies sand or rust, changes in surface roughness, David’s unique blend of industry and and industries in a range of project areas. CSIRO researchers are using multiple and cooling rates. under construction and will be used to help of the project, he ended up enrolling in the academic experience has been invaluable to However Robert’s research interests have approaches to understand hydrate formation validate the model in order to predict hydrate PhD himself. The project, on elemental sulfur The problem of hydrates behaviour is the oil and gas sector in Australia. historically been focused on fluid and behaviour. Fundamental studies on the formation and evolution along a pipeline in a formation in natural gas pipelines, has kept complex, given the large number of micro- characterisation, primarily oil, gas and nucleation and growth of gas hydrates have gas production system. him in touch with academia, and as a staff and macro-scale phenomena involved in the Associate Professor Robert Trengove condensate. With the integration of the latest been undertaken with Chevron and BP, and member at Curtin for the last two years, he has process, such as nucleation, crystal growth, These studies will improve predictions of technology developments in MS in his this knowledge will be used to test and continued with research in that area, among Associate Professor Robert Trengove has been hydrate behaviour, leading to improved flow laboratory in 2008, the potential exists to improve chemical additives used as hydrate others. doing mass-related research since 1987, using assurance and more cost-effective operational characterise all of the species present in an oil, inhibitors. Another approach is to use mass spectrometric (MS) techniques to strategies. David is also on the Standards Australia estimated at between 20,000 and 50,000 additives to control the growth of gas hydrates Committee (Oil and Gas Measurement), is a determine the identity of complex mixtures. individual compounds. so that they do not clump together or attach National Association of Testing Authorities His research interests can be broadly classified to the pipe wall. This allows them to form, but (NATA) metrology assessor, and has been a as separation and identification, although the Dr Eric May they can then be transported safely in the gas committee member for the Australian range of application is enormous – from the flow without causing blockages. After completing his Pipeline Industry Association. With that type macroscopic conditions that affect oil and Bachelor of Science Degree CSIRO has recently built an automated lag of expertise, industry network and experience, water separation within a process plant, down with Honours in Physics time apparatus to study the formation of he has a fair idea of what the oil and gas to the resolution of chiral isomers in a and a major in Applied hydrates using real gas under high pressure industry in Australia needs. Primarily through complex fluid such as a heavy oil fraction. Mathematics, Dr Eric May conditions. It allows researchers to generate a his efforts, the National Gas Separation and To support his research interests, Robert has commenced his PhD on the topic, Microwave statistical probability distribution for hydrate Subsea Multiphase Flow Loop Facility was been developing one of the best Measurement of Phase Behaviour of Gas commissioned and opened this year, characterisation laboratories in the country. Condensate Fluids, within the Schools of Oil providing a research and testing facility for The heart of the facility revolves around a and Gas Engineering and Physics at UWA. The flow assurance problems with multiphase range of MS techniques that can be used to project received significant support from hydrocarbon fluids. identify individual compounds, with Woodside and led to an Australian and US He is also in the process of marshalling geometries ranging from triple quadrupole patent. During his PhD, Eric spent time as a support for the development of a commercial MS, ion trap MS, time-of-flight MS, and in visiting graduate student at the Department of calibration facility for gas flow metering. No 2008 a Fourier transform ion cyclotron Chemical Engineering at Washington State comparable facility currently exists in resonance MS, the first of its kind in Australia. University. He was awarded an Education 16 17 Fellowship by the American Australian Professor Mark Trebble Dr Horst Zwingmann Professor Mark Dr Peter Eadington Professor David Trimm Association and returned to the USA in 2003 Cassidy Professor Mark Trebble’s Dr Horst Zwingmann uses Dr Peter Eadington is one Professor David Trimm just doesn’t as a postdoctoral research fellow at the early years as a graduate radiogenic isotopes and a Professor Mark Cassidy of the founding members know how to retire. At last count National Institute of Standards and consultant, working on knowledge of geochemistry was recently awarded the of the CSIRO Division of he’s attempted it four times, but Technology in Maryland. plant designs based on to understand what Malcolm McIntosh Prize, Petroleum Resources, still hasn’t quite got the hang of it The development of the Chemical and Process inaccurate thermodynamic happens to sedimentary Australian Physical having worked for CSIRO – there’s just so much still to do. Engineering Program at UWA provided an simulators, fuelled his desire to improve basins as they undergo burial. If you can track Scientist of the Year, for career achievement in petroleum-related areas and transferring to David started his professional career at Imperial opportunity to return to Perth, and Eric has equations of state and sent him back to and predict the chemical and physical changes for a scientist under 35. It’s probably not the new Division at its inception in 1993. College, London, working on heterogeneous university. Twenty five years later, and he’s still been teaching and developing course content that occur in a low grade metamorphic surprising to those who know him – last Peter actually started his research career catalysis, particularly the oxidation and poisoning at university, although much has changed. for this program since 2005. environment, mineral formations in year he was awarded the Western developing fluid inclusion measurements to of catalysts for petrochemicals. In 1976 he became After finishing a PhD at the University of help characterise minerals deposits, but the Foundation Professor of Petrochemistry at the Eric’s research interests encompass sandstone can be accurately dated. This Australian Premier’s Prize for Early Career Calgary and becoming a member of staff, switched his attention to petroleum University of Trondheim, Norway, and set up the hydrocarbon process engineering, information improves understanding of Achievement in science, and was included Mark continued his research focus on applications in the late 1980s. undergraduate and postgraduate programs to train measurement and prediction of fluid hydrocarbon migration, and how oil and gas in a list of “Australia’s Most Influential thermodynamic modelling, with an emphasis a new generation of Norwegian petroleum thermophysical properties, and fundamental reservoirs form. This in turn is used to help Engineers Top 100” in the category of “Top His research interests include fluid flow in on equation of state development and engineers and scientists. metrology. He is a strong advocate of locate new reservoirs, develop reservoir 10 Young Engineers”, by the Institute of sedimentary basins, phase relationships in application. Over time, his research group has subsurface fluids, and the formation of fluid After discovering the realities of living with low experimental research, and points out that estimates and finetune production. Engineers Australia. He is also a member of also measured fundamental data in a variety inclusions in sedimentary grains. His current temperatures and high taxes, he migrated to models can only be as good as the data upon the Australian Association of Rhodes of gas-related areas, including heavy The path to Perth was a winding one. After Scholars, along with two Nobel Prize- research is focused on the spectral analysis of Australia in 1979, where he took over the which they are based. His team is developing hydrocarbon solubilities, mass transfer rates studying geology at the University of winners, a Governor-General and a Prime inclusion oil to determine its physical and leadership of the School of Chemical Engineering a centre for research into more sustainable, in systems of heavy hydrocarbons in contact Göttingen in Germany, and completing a PhD Minister. gross chemical attributes, providing and Industrial Chemistry, UNSW. He continued but also commercially viable, forms of energy. at the Université Louis Pasteur in Strasbourg, with supercritical carbon dioxide, ethane information about oil migration and his research on aspects of heterogeneous catalysis France, Horst joined CSIRO in Sydney in 1995 Mark is now the Director of UWA’s Centre In the short term, energy sources will be diffusivities in carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon accumulation, and the stepwise filling of and petrochemistry, with attention on steam systems, foaming in amine-natural gas to establish a K-Ar isotope laboratory to date for Offshore Foundation Systems (COFS) hydrocarbon based. LNG is the energy supply reservoirs. cracking, steam reforming and catalyst of the near future, as it is the most systems, and most recently carbon dioxide clays and look for diagenetic patterns in and the academic leader of the Wealth deactivation. freezing in natural gas systems. Peter was initially cautious when changing environmentally benign of the hydrocarbon sedimentary systems. In 2000 the laboratory From Oceans National Research Flagship’s fields, as the geoscience of minerals is David’s abilities were recognised in 1998 when he Throughout his research career, Mark has was relocated to Perth, joining the John De Collaboration Cluster on Subsea Pipelines. fuels and sufficient infrastructure exists for its significantly different to the geoscience of was made a member of the Order of Australia for continued to consult to industry, becoming Laeter Centre in Mass Spectrometry based at widespread use. Australia has large gas Mark has focused much of his career on petroleum. In addition to doing a significant his service to research and teaching in the fields of involved in numerous aspects of plant Curtin. Since then he has been applying his chemical engineering and industrial chemistry, his reserves; however we can only participate in mobile drilling platforms and how their amount of retraining, Peter’s initial forays evaluation, design, refit and optimisation. His expertise in K-Ar and Ar-Ar isotopic dating to work as a practitioner of the science of catalysis the international gas trade if we can liquefy foundations or anchoring systems work in into fluid inclusion analysis for petroleum extensive experience in hydrocarbon liquids trace diagenetic processes for petroleum and and its propagation at an international level. and transport those reserves. The response to the stresses and strains placed companies were limited to applying best recovery and process simulation of large gas mineral exploration, trying to understand the development of Eric’s team coincided with the upon them, deep beneath the ocean’s practice to current industry problems, as he With the intention of easing slowly into processing facilities has resulted in two timing of mineral formation or hydrocarbon start of the Chevron Alliance with WA:ERA, so surface. Through scaled-down experiments assumed that “oil companies would have retirement, David took up a part-time position at international patents for process technologies, charge. he was able to tailor his research program to using a geotechnical centrifuge, Mark has done everything that could be done with fluid CSIRO to develop a research group on natural gas both of which are operating in large their interests, increasing the likelihood of A more recent interest is the interaction of developed numerical models to predict the inclusions already”. processing in 2000. With an emphasis on GTL commercial facilities. direct industrial application of his research conversion and hydrogen production, their organic material and bacteria with clay stability of spudcan feet and other However, questions posed by industry led findings. Living in Calgary for 25 years means a lot of objective was to investigate new and existing minerals. Bacterial action is now suspected to foundation geometries. These models Peter to combine his background in snow. Chasing the sunshine brought Mark processes by which natural gas in remote fields The new research programs are particularly impact quite significantly on sandstone contribute to the design tools that mineralogy with disciplines such as chemistry and his family to Perth in 2006, to Curtin’s can be converted to more easily transportable diagenesis, significantly speeding up processes engineers use to evaluate the safety of and capillarity to develop novel techniques to challenging as they require accurate Department of Chemical Engineering and a liquid fuels and chemicals. Then while attempting that occur only slowly with the application of offshore platforms, and have led to expand the capability of fluid history analysis. measurements to be made at extreme position as the Gas Technologies Program to retire in 2002, David was awarded a five-year heat and pressure. As a result, Horst is now changes in international safety guidelines. These techniques are now used to investigate conditions – high pressures and cryogenic Leader for WA:ERA. Mark sees his job as to Federation Fellowship, the Australian Govern- attempting to extend the classical model for fluid flow, reservoir diagenesis and temperatures. After about six months, the foster the advancement of a wide spectrum of Mark is now using the same experimental ment’s most prestigious appointment for a sandstone diagenesis to include biogeo- hydrocarbon entrapment history, leading to a research is on track with new data expected to energy related research and development, and and numerical modelling techniques to scientist in Australia. This led to a rapid expansion chemical interactions. The outcomes of his significantly better understanding of of his group’s research effort, focusing on new be generated in the second half of 2008. the program is now addressing fundamental predict the stresses imposed by soil and work may lead to a re-evaluation of many hydrocarbon prospectivity in sedimentary routes to synthetic gasoline, miniaturisation of problems in LNG production, GTL research, wave motion on oil and gas pipelines sedimentary basins originally investigated basins. traditional GTL processes and on the production CNG, flow assurance, subsea gas processing, traversing the continental shelf, in order to using the classical model. of hydrogen. biofuel production, corrosion, and hydrogen design and protect the ultra-long tiebacks Peter has thrived on the interaction with production technologies. that will be needed to access remote experts in other disciplines, and is often The Federation Fellowship was followed by a CSIRO Fellowship in 2007, again thwarting Comfortably straddling the worlds of reservoirs. Who knows what will be surprised by the applications that others find attempts to retire. David remains persistently academia and industry, Mark has successfully achieved in the next 35 years? for fluid inclusion analysis. When he swapped active in research and continues to develop the relocated halfway around the world, bringing fields, he had certain intentions for his careers of junior researchers – particularly in the his expertise to the Australasian oil and gas research trajectory, but has been gratified that area of catalytic processes for the conversion of sector, and swapping snow skiing for water new and unexpected angles continue to natural gas to liquid fuels. Retirement hobbies like skiing. develop. walking and birdwatching will just have to wait… 18 19 Achievements, Awards and Grants

and significant contributions to science and technology for conversion of natural gas to valuable products.

David is one of the founders of NGCS, and his

Dr Peter Eadington professional career over four decades has dealt with important reactions in the conversion of natural gas, encompassing mechanistic Gibb Maitland Award studies to further our understanding of pyrolysis, and both homogeneous and Dr Peter Eadington of CSIRO Petroleum is the heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Other 2007 Gibb Maitland Medallist. The medal is studies dealt with practical applications of Australian Physical Scientist of the Year bestowed by the Western Australian Division catalytic combustion, spearheading the of the Geological Society of Australia in Professor Mark Cassidy, Director of the Centre research and development of alternative recognition of individuals who have made a for Offshore Foundation Systems at UWA, has products and fuels from gas. Professor David Trimm substantial contribution to geoscience, Dr Mayela Rivero won the Malcolm McIntosh Prize for particularly relating to the discovery or Australian Physical Scientist of the Year 2007 documentation of mineral and petroleum as part of the Prime Minister’s Awards for CSIRO Fellow One-CSIRO Award resources in the State. Science. Professor Cassidy was presented with (L–R) Mr Xichao Zhao (Deputy Director General, QIBEBT), Professor David Trimm of CSIRO Petroleum The Oil and Gas Theme in the Wealth from Professor Dong-ke Zhang, Professor Erwei Shi (Vice the $50,000 prize by the Minister of Peter has been conducting research into oil President, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Professor was appointed a CSIRO Fellow in February. Oceans Flagship, led by Dr Mayela Rivero, has Lisheng Wang (Director General, QIBEBT) and Professor Education, Science and Training in Canberra migration and accumulation in sedimentary Fellowships are merit-based awards given to Professor Dong-ke Zhang been awarded the One-CSIRO award. This Jinhu Wu (Leader, Thermochemical Programs, QIBEBT) in September. basins since 1988 and has developed an scientists who have demonstrated dedication award, given once a year, recognises research innovative suite of technologies to analyse The prize is awarded to early career researchers and eminence in their field. CSIRO teams that work across boundaries within fluid inclusions in whole rock samples or under the age of 35, and was bestowed in Fellowships are the highest award given John Curtin Distinguished Professor CSIRO, leveraging off the organisation’s varied Honorary Professor, Chinese Academy drilling cuttings. Analysis of fluid inclusions recognition of Professor Cassidy’s research on within CSIRO, with only seven awarded in a capabilities to tackle significant problems of Sciences provides information on the history of oil Professor Dong-ke Zhang has been invited to anchoring oil and gas platforms on relatively scientific community of over 6000 facing Australia. accumulation and migration in the accept the title of “John Curtin Distinguished In October, Curtin’s Professor Dong-ke Zhang unstable seabeds. Through experiment using a professionals. was awarded an Honorary Professorship in geotechnical centrifuge, he developed a surrounding area, including past events such Professor”. The title is not routinely awarded, The expertise from 11 different CSIRO David’s area of expertise is heterogeneous addition to being recognised as a strategic mathematical model that predicts the way the as filling and leakage of reservoirs, and and is provided to only one academic at Divisions and the Wealth from Oceans catalysis, with applications in car exhaust adviser and a PhD supervisor at the Qingdao feet of massive oil and gas platforms push into identification of generative source rock Curtin University of Technology each year. It Flagship are coordinated and integrated in the catalysis, steam reforming catalysis, and Institute of Biomass Energy and Bioprocessing the mud of the ocean floor, taking into horizons. recognises Dong-ke’s capacity to provide a Oil and Gas Theme to deliver significant catalytic combustion. More recently he has research impact in the oil and gas industry. Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of account the impact of soil and current Petroleum exploration companies can use significant and sustained contribution to the worked on aspects of GTL conversion and Sciences. This complements his Honorary movements, and the effect of extreme weather these technologies to learn from prior drilling University, as evidenced by his exceptional The Theme’s major research streams are syngas generation. In 1998 he was made a Professorship bestowed earlier by the South conditions such as cyclones. This model can in a basin, allowing prospecting and achievements in research both nationally and marine-based novel industries, subsurface member of the Order of Australia for China University of Technology, underlining be used in engineering design tools to exploration risks to be more clearly evaluated. internationally, his prolific authorship, and technologies (understanding reservoirs to excellence in research and teaching, and in the international research community’s evaluate the safety of offshore platforms, and This improves their appraisal of the resource, the prominence he has provided Curtin improve oil and gas recovery), and platform- 2002 he was awarded a Federation Fellowship respect for his achievements. Dong-ke has also has led to changes to international safety through his work on energy related topics free fields (subsea technologies, production for his work on monetising Australian increasing the likelihood of identifying sites been assisting the Chinese Academy of guidelines. generally and work on coal specifically. optimisation and flow assurance). stranded gas. for successful wells. These technologies have Sciences as an ‘overseas expert’ on its been widely adopted in the petroleum CSIRO Fellows are involved in a number of assessment panel. Professor Mark Cassidy accepting the Malcolm McIntosh exploration industry both in Australia and Prize from the Honourable Julie Bishop MP, Minister for CSIRO initiatives aimed at enhancing the Education, Science and Training internationally. organisation’s science and attracting more young scientists to priority areas of research. David’s efforts are addressing the current lack Gas Conversion Award of professionals with expertise in natural gas The 2007 Award for Excellence in Natural Gas conversion, and his research group has been Conversion has been received by Professor steadily expanding. It now applies his David Trimm of CSIRO Petroleum. This is the heterogeneous catalysis expertise to developing new routes to synthetic gasoline, most prestigious award for scientific and miniaturisation of traditional GTL processes, technological contributions in this research and to the production of hydrogen. area, and is awarded every three years during the International Natural Gas Conversion Symposium (NGCS), most recently at the 8th Symposium in Brazil. It recognises enduring 20 21 New Research Grants

Awards for Research Papers Dr Eric May (UWA), Dr Mohamed Kandil Professor Colin Raston (UWA), Associate Dr Eric May (UWA), Professor David Trimm Dr Hongwei Wu and his team at Curtin have (UWA), Professor Mark Trebble (Curtin), Professor Vishnu Pareek (Curtin) and (CSIRO), Professor Mark Trebble (Curtin), secured additional funding for their research Ms Nurul Widiastuti, Dr Hongwei Wu, Associate Professor Robert Trengove colleagues have been granted $220,000 to and Associate Professor Robert Trengove into biomass, bioenergy and biofuels, Associate Professor Ming Ang and (Murdoch University), and Dr Ken Marsh build an Integrated Process Intensification (Murdoch University), in collaboration with particularly the production of biomass, Professor Dong-ke Zhang from Curtin (University of Canterbury), in collaboration Facility, through an ARC Linkage, Chevron Australia Pty Ltd, have received a mallee-derived biofuels and bioenergy in have won the John A Brodie Medal for with Chevron Australia Pty Ltd, have won an Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities grant $260,000 ARC Linkage grant for the project Western Australia. Together with researchers excellence in chemical engineering, ARC Linkage Grant totalling $390,000 over a to commence in 2008. The new equipment Increased LNG production efficiency through in China, Korea, Japan, USA and India, the Engineers Australia. This was given for the three year period to begin in 2008. This will provide a unique facility for process nitrogen and carbon dioxide capture using high team has established an international best paper in the discipline of Chemical research will promote the use of natural gas as intensification, and adds to the existing pressure cryogenic adsorption onto tailored collaborative project on Flexible Biomass Engineering presented at the Chemeca a fuel supply, by improving the ability of spinning disc capabilities at the Centre for nanopore substrates. This three year project Top: Whisper trim cage with elemental sulfur deposits Gasification Technology for Distributed Power Conference in Melbourne in September. engineers to reliably simulate LNG Strategic Nano Fabrication. The newly commencing in 2008 will investigate new Bottom: Elemental sulfur deposits around a gas turbine Generation, with $2,145,000 ($948,000 to The paper, entitled “Preparation and FTIR fuel injector nozzle production plants and test new processes and approved equipment, some of which is methods of removing and capturing nitrogen Curtin) from the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Study of Organo-Zeolite for the Removal technologies with the potential to increase currently being patented, will provide and carbon dioxide from natural gas streams Clean Development and Climate (AP6), of Phosphate in Greywater” is based on efficiency or revenue. Outcomes from unmatched capability in terms of controlling to improve the efficiency and decrease the cost the work done by Nurul in support of her running until 2011. Bilateral collaboration Fundamental Data and Thermodynamic features of nanoparticles (size, shape, of LNG production. Novel adsorbent on-going PhD research. Dr David Pack from Curtin has been awarded between Australia and China has also been Modelling for Cryogenic LNG Fluids to Improve agglomeration, phases and defects) under materials will be tested at cryogenic a Minerals and Energy Research Institute of established to investigate Ash Formation and Dr Richard Merifield of UWA was Process Design, Simulation and Operation continuous flow, which is essential for conditions in high-pressure adsorption Western Australia (MERIWA) grant of $75,000 Deposition During the Co-Firing of High-Energy- awarded the 2007 Telford Premium by should decrease the level of over-engineering applications in nanotechnology, chemical experiments on a scale that reflects industry for a three-year project started in 2007, Density Biomass-Derived Fuels in Coal-Fired the Institution of Civil Engineers for his and in turn, the capital and operational costs catalysis and more. practice, with the research outcomes used to entitled Fluid Mixing at T Junctions in Gas Power Plants, sponsored by the Department of paper entitled “Three-Dimensional improve the design of LNG production trains of LNG plants. Transmission Pipelines. Together with Education, Science and Training International Lower-Bound for the Stability of Plate to treat contaminated gas reserves. Professor Robert Amin and Associate Science Linkages (DEST ISL) Australia-China Anchors in Sand”. The paper was co- Associate Professor Vishnu Pareek (Curtin), Professor Vishnu Pareek from Curtin, he has Special Fund for Science and Technology, with authored with Dr Andrei Lyamin and Professor Krish Thiagarajan (UWA) and Professor Geoffrey Evans (University of also been awarded an Australian Pipeline $105,000, running until 2010. Professor Scott Sloan of the University of Professor Joseph Monaghan’s (Monash Newcastle), Professor Moses Tadé (Curtin), Industry Association grant of $120,000 for Newcastle, and published in Géotechnique. University) research into the Two-phase effects and Dr Qin Li (Curtin) have been granted a another three-year project entitled Study into in sloshing of liquids in marine tanks has $245,000 ARC Linkage grant for research into UWA PhD student Mr Shazzad Hossain, Sulfur Deposition in Gas Transmission Pipelines. Professor Boris Gurevich from Curtin, in received ARC Discovery Project funding, with the Coarse Grid Eulerian Eulerian Multiphase Dr Yuxia Hu of Curtin, Professor Mark Both projects are investigating some of the collaboration with researchers at the ANU and $380,000 allocated over three years to begin Model for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit. The Randolph and Dr David White of UWA issues associated with the formation and the Free University of Berlin, and with the in 2008. This research is a fundamental project will be administered in collaboration were awarded the BGA Prize for the best deposition of sulfur in high-pressure natural support of Exxon Mobil, has been awarded an inquiry into the physics of liquid sloshing and with BP Refinery Pty Ltd. The aim of this study paper authored by a member of the gas transmission systems and associated ARC Linkage grant for a project on the importance of two phase effects on is to improve the petrol production efficiency British Geotechnical Association. Their infrastructure such as gas turbines. The impact Computational Rock Physics. The $307,000 sloshing. Australia leads the world in the use of Australian refineries by optimising the paper entitled “Limiting Cavity Depth for of sulfur deposition can range from nuisance project will run until 2009, and will develop a of tankers for transport of LNG, and this performance of the fluid catalytic cracking Spudcan Foundations Penetrating Clay” value to catastrophic failure of equipment. capability for simulation of dynamic elastic research will provide answers to ensure the unit through novel computational fluid was published in Géotechnique. The projects will focus on the mechanisms of properties of rocks from microtomographic safe operation and transport of LNG. dynamic simulations. The outcomes of this sulfur nucleation, condensation and dep- pore-scale images. Relating elastic properties Dr Christophe Gaudin of UWA was study will enable refiners to produce cleaner osition, and the effect of varying transmission to porosity, pore-fluid compressibility and awarded the 5th Annual Schofield fuel and decrease air pollution from the fluid pipeline configurations to develop workable, fluid saturation forms the basis of oil and gas Award for his paper entitled “Sand catalytic cracking unit. Characterisation by Combined Centrifuge cost effective engineering solutions to the reservoir characterisation and production and Laboratory Testing”. The paper, co- problem. monitoring. authored with Dr Fernando Schnaid of the Federal University of Rio Grande in Brazil and Dr Jacque Garnier of the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées in France, was published in the International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics.

22 23 Education and Training

Student Successes Shared teaching arrangements across the Development of a program of focused, universities, with a ‘no staff duplication’ topic-specific workshops, seminars and PhD student Shazzad Hossain was awarded Model four-fluke UWA undergraduate student UWA geotechnical strategy. This allows both universities to briefings for stakeholder companies. the 2007–2008 Offshore Mechanics dynamic anchor Tom Cunningham with drum centrifuge deploy scarce resources collaboratively. As Scholarship from the International Society of geotechnical drum Enhanced marketing promotion of the centrifuge with the industry as a whole, resources are Offshore and Polar Engineering (ISOPE). In Mr Robert Johnson in short supply. Cross-university teaching co-ordinated WA:ERA offerings, high- making their announcement the ISOPE can help alleviate, but not completely lighting the key Education and Training Awards Committee stated that the scholarship The WA:ERA Education and Training Program solve, the lack of suitably qualified targets of WA:ERA: was “in recognition of outstanding academic engineering and geoscience staff. is managed by the two Partner universities with • the enhancement of existing expertise achievement and potential to become a leader additional support drawn from CSIRO experts in one of the disciplines related to offshore Exploration of synergies with other already in employment as required. Since the launch of the WA:ERA mechanics or polar engineering.” 1:3 scale dynamic anchor Western Australian oil and gas training during field trials in Joint Venture, the core of the WA:ERA Program • providing a conversion and re-training organisations. Supported by WA:ERA’s Trondheim Fjord, Norway route to enable qualified engineers from has offered: Industry Advisory Group and the PhD students Shandelle Bosenberg, Emilyn outside the hydrocarbon industry to be Chan and Jens Mayer each received a $700 Pre-existing oil and gas-related post- Department of Industry and Resources’ employable in the energy sector Travel Award from the Australasian Corrosion graduate level courses that both Western Australian Oil and Gas Industry Association to attend the Australasian universities have offered over the past ten Coordinating Council, discussions with • the promotion of Western Australian the Australian Centre for Energy and Corrosion Conference in Sydney in Schematic representation of the adsorption of surfactant years. Petroleum Engineering, Oil and Gas energy education and training resources November, where they all presented papers molecules above the critical micelle concentration: Mr Mark Richardson Processing, Offshore Engineering and Process Training have highlighted spheres, rods and a bilayer respectively internationally. based on their research projects. Infrastructure Engineering as well as a possibilities for collaborations which Mark Richardson graduated from UWA in more generic Chemical Engineering should be implemented in 2008. 2003 with a double Bachelor degree in Civil PhD student Matthew Hodder received a UWA postgraduate qualification are offered as Engineering and Corporate Finance. In 2004 Convocation Postgraduate Research Travel short courses, in addition to being offered he started a PhD at UWA to establish an Award to partly fund a visit to Oxford at Masters, Graduate Diploma and experimental database for an innovative type Inventory of Oil and Gas Related Units University in 2008 to conduct further Atomic force microscopy images of surfactant molecules Graduate Certificate level. adsorbed to mica, a model surface, representing spheres, of deepwater anchor for floating offshore experiments for his research project, rods and a bilayer respectively structures, known as a dynamically installed Research training through the award of full Master of Oil and Gas Engineering (UWA); UWA Oil and Gas Transmission “Touchdown Region Behaviour of Deepwater anchor. His studies have been supported and supplementary scholarships (for Master of Chemical Engineering, Master of Curtin Petroleum Processing Risers”. The trip will also be used to attend students who hold Australian postgraduate Petroleum Engineering, Master of Petroleum through an ARC Linkage grant with Woodside Curtin Process Control and present results at the International awards or equivalent university scholar- Well Engineering (Curtin) Petroleum Ltd. Curtin Process Design and Synthesis Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic ships) to PhD students involved in the UWA Petroleum Geology Curtin Process Economics and Management Engineering in Portugal, and at the Atomic force microscopy images of the same surfactant Dynamically installed anchors such as the three research programs. Curtin Applied Geology and Geophysics International Conference on Foundations in molecules adsorbed to mild steel, a real surface, representing torpedo pile have been pioneered by UWA Process Engineering spheres, shortened rods and a bilayer respectively Curtin Geology and Geophysics for Drilling Scotland. Petrobras in South America, but are During 2007 Curtin University of Technology Curtin Process Heat Transfer Engineers conceptually novel and have not yet been and The University of Western Australia have Curtin Process Plant Engineering UWA Petroleum Fluids used widely by industry. The prototype being engaged in initiatives designed to enhance the Curtin Mass and Energy Balances Curtin Hydrocarbon Phase Behaviour modelled is about 15 m long and weighs 100 Education and Training Program in 2008 and Curtin Mass Transfer Operations UWA Drilling Engineering Spotlight on Students tonnes, so Mark has used a geotechnical beyond. Some of these initiatives are: Curtin Advanced Process Control Curtin Drilling Engineering centrifuge to model the anchor and its Curtin Advanced Process Simulation Introduction of a new degree program – Curtin Drilling Operations Management, Ms Shandelle Bosenberg interaction with the seabed at a smaller scale. Curtin Advanced Separation Processes the Master of Engineering (Energy Systems Contracting and Health, Safety and He has evaluated anchor performance in Curtin Reaction Engineering Originally from Southern Cross in country Management), developed using the Environment terms of penetration depth and holding UWA LNG and GTL Technology Western Australia, Shandelle moved to Perth ‘Blended Learning’ format to enable Curtin Advanced Drilling Practices capacity, and used the data generated to to complete high school, before doing a students unable to participate in Curtin Advanced Drilling Techniques UWA Terotechnology develop and calibrate an analytical model Bachelor of Science at Curtin and graduating traditional classroom-based learning to Curtin Formation Evaluation UWA Production Operations Shandelle Bosenberg operating an atomic force which will eventually be used to predict with first class Honours in Applied Chemistry. microscope further their education and increase their Curtin Well Testing and Interpretation Curtin Production Optimisation anchor embedment for industrial application Shandelle worked with the Western Australian skill base, no matter where they are UWA Reservoir Engineering – Advanced Curtin Production Technology in Australian conditions. Corrosion Research Group at Curtin for physically located. The first six units of this Curtin Reservoir Engineering – Advanced Curtin Well Completions and Workovers almost four years before beginning a PhD in Mark has also shown that anchor capacity program are now available. (‘Blended Curtin Reservoir Engineering – Curtin Remedial, Stimulation and look at the orientation of the molecules from takes some time to develop after initial Learning’ units use a combination of the Fundamentals Intervention Operations 2006. the bottom-up. This will give the physical best features of new technologies and offer installation, but that the holding power does UWA Reservoir Engineering – Curtin Stimulation Technology Shandelle is now resolving the structure of structure of the assembled molecules on the students the freedom to learn in a variety not reduce under long term sustained loading, Fundamentals Curtin Risk and Uncertainty carbon dioxide corrosion inhibitors on steel steel surface at the molecular level. This and that the effect of cyclic loading is of ways). Curtin Reservoir Engineering – Gas Curtin Risk Management information will then be correlated with surfaces in an effort to elucidate the minimal, increasing industry confidence in Addition of a new Gas Processing Curtin Reservoir Management UWA Reliability and Risk Engineering corrosion rate (determined via linear mechanism of corrosion inhibition. This is the technology. Technology postgraduate unit to the Curtin Reservoir Modelling UWA Materials and Corrosion Engineering the first time that imaging technologies have polarisation measurements) to see if any Curtin Chemical Engineering Masters Curtin Numerical Reservoir Simulation UWA Environmental Engineering been used in situ on real corroding steel particular shape or film thickness gives better Mark is due to complete his PhD early in carbon dioxide corrosion inhibition. degree. UWA Ocean Engineering UWA Health and Safety surfaces, rather than being used ex situ or on 2008, after which he will be working with Advanced Geomechanics, a specialist Perth- Accessibility of all existing Curtin and UWA Offshore Geomechanics Curtin Health, Safety and Environment model surfaces. Surfactants are being imaged After completing her PhD, Shandelle aims to based consultancy with strong links to UWA, UWA postgraduate units to students UWA Offshore Structures UWA Oil and Gas Legal Frameworks using atomic force microscopy to determine work in the oil and gas industry in the area of getting involved in foundation design and site registered at either academic institution UWA Fixed Offshore Platforms UWA Project Management their structure from the top-down, and carbon dioxide corrosion, and experience investigation analysis for projects on the (see inset right). UWA Floating Production Systems UWA Oil and Gas Economics Shandelle is hoping to also use neutron working offshore or internationally. Each step North West Shelf and Timor Sea. UWA Subsea Technology UWA Investment Management reflectometry and infra-red spectroscopy to from Southern Cross has led to a bigger one… 24 25 Underwater stereovideo Capabilities and display being used to improve speed and efficiency when Spectrogram of blue whale calls Mini-3D underwater cameras operating a remote operated derived from data collected by Facilities designed and built by CMST vehicle manipulator arm underwater noise recorders

Quantitative grain fluorescence CMST staff deploying fish cages off the – detecting paleo-oil trapped as NW coast of Australia as part of an fluid inclusions in rock grains international experiment to determine the effects of seismic activity on fish behaviour

Dr Luiz Franca with the CSIRO- designed resonance hammer drill WA:ERA’s contributing partners provide a Western Australian Corrosion Research Marine Bioacoustics and Underwater wealth of facilities and expertise directly Group Technologies COFS facilities have been used over the last relevant to the energy sector. From routine Drilling Technologies The evaluation of corrosion involves metals, The Centre for Marine Science and decade to investigate the stability and failure identification and analysis of samples, to inhibitors, biocides, surface coatings and CSIRO Petroleum conducts advanced research Technology (CMST) at Curtin uses skills in mechanisms of offshore geotechnical solutions to existing industrial problems, to cathodic protection in a variety of different and development to improve drilling physics, biology, applied oceanography, structures such as suction caissons, drag blue-sky research into new processes and environments. This represents a diverse range performance for the oil and gas industry. instrumentation and data processing to anchors, pipelines, piles and shallow techniques, WA:ERA allows industry to of corrosion science requiring a wide range of Mathematical modelling is used in measure and analyse underwater sound, and foundations, in close collaboration with access a range of expertise not usually expertise, testing equipment and conjunction with experimental work model sound propagation. This information national and international industry partners. available in any one institution or methodology. The Western Australian undertaken on purpose-designed drill rig can be used to track fish and marine animals, company. Corrosion Research Group (WACRG) at analogues, to better understand the nature of and assess their behavioural response to Centre for Fuels and Energy Curtin undertakes research and consultancy the bit-rock interaction, and its impact on the manmade sounds such as wellhead cutting, work to investigate and solve complex The Centre for Fuels and Energy at Curtin Fluid Inclusions Technology vibrations of the drill string. Severe vibrations pile driving, and seismic activities. Studies corrosion problems, and offers a service in can cause fatigue in the drill string, leading to have been undertaken for the oil and gas investigates energy transformation from corrosion testing, inhibitor and material The Fluid History Analysis team at CSIRO premature failure. Torsional vibrations and industry to help them comply with the primary sources such as natural gas, coal, and evaluation, and failure analysis. Petroleum continue to develop their stick-slip oscillations have been reproduced in environmental and monitoring requirements biomass into useful fuels, such as electricity, innovative suite of microscopic and petroleum, ethanol and fuel oil. With proven Industry projects have ranged from the laboratory, and are being used to help of their subsurface activities. spectroscopic techniques for analysing fluid investigating emulsion stability and scientific capability in energy conversion and develop and verify a drilling model. The The Centre also designs, builds and exports a inclusions in source rock from potential oil characteristics in gas plants, to selecting COFS beam reaction engineering, the Centre is also model will then be used to test and improve range of stereoscopic video hardware for centrifuge and gas fields. These techniques have led to stainless steels for seawater injection focused on process development, so the bit design and drilling control parameters, to underwater operations. Stereovision provides important new insights into oil migration, environments, evaluating barrier oils for outcomes of research can be transferred mitigate the effects of vibration on drill rigs. two main benefits over conventional two- enabling reconstruction of past migration corrosion inhibition in well casings, and Geotechnical Testing Facilities straight into large-scale industrial practice. dimensional video. By providing depth of events, including filling and leakage of characterising solids produced in oilfields and Resonance hammer drilling is also being field, it can improve the ability to judge size UWA’s Centre for Offshore Foundation Research and development activities reservoirs, and identification of generative their influence on corrosion rates. The core developed. In addition to the static load and distance. Stereovision also gives superior Systems (COFS) and School of Civil and encompass combustion science and source rock horizons. service provided to industry is the evaluation keeping the rotary bit in continuous contact clarity, and an improved ability to see through Resource Engineering bring together one of technology development, value-added uses of of corrosion inhibitors to prevent carbon with the rock, a dynamic load is added by the Fluid history analysis is used as part of the suspended matter or turbid water, through the the largest teams of researchers in offshore fossil fuels and fuels from waste sources, dioxide corrosion in oil and gas production. impact of a ‘hammer’. The benefits of geological evaluation of a site, helping to combination of two different lines-of-sight to geomechanics anywhere in the world. Their technologies for renewable energy The evaluation involves measurements to resonance hammer drilling have been select drilling prospects and improving the any given point. The more realistic and objective is to develop quantitative links (e.g., biomass) and manufactured alternative determine the efficiency of chemicals to demonstrated using both theoretical and likelihood of drilling a successful well. It dynamic presentation can improve the between the micro-mechanics and fuels (e.g., biomethanol). For any potential prevent corrosion and reduce problems due to experimental approaches. The technique has allows basin prospectivity and exploration performance of an operator of remote- engineering response of natural seabed energy conversion process under emulsions, foaming and sticky deposits. the potential to double penetration rates risk to be more clearly recognised and controlled equipment. For remote operated sediments, and the resulting response and consideration, expertise is also available in ASTM, British and Australian Standard test when drilling very hard rock with roller-cone evaluated, and is acknowledged to have vehicles equipped with a manipulator arm, performance of foundation systems, process modelling, simulation and advanced methods are available to assess the corrosion bits. It also has application in drilling highly providing the fundamental understanding for contributed to new discoveries and increased stereoscopic video improves teleoperation process control, and the control and resistance of materials, performance of deviated or horizontal wells, as the impulse safe and economic design of future offshore production. The techniques are now routinely performance by reducing task times and mitigation of combustion-generated corrosion inhibitors and protective coatings loading can provide the same rate of facilities. used by the petroleum exploration industry reducing the risk of damage. pollutants. both in Australia and internationally, and a under conditions pertinent to oil and gas penetration compared to conventional rotary COFS houses the only geocentrifuge technology licensing agreement is underway production. Techniques used include standard drilling, with significantly less static weight on modelling facility in Australia, with a 1.8 m weight loss measurements in autoclaves under with Petrobras. the bit. radius fixed beam centrifuge and a 1.2 m simulated conditions of temperature, pressure diameter drum centrifuge. Centrifuge and flow, and a variety of electrochemical modelling uses reduced scale models to techniques such as linear polarisation, predict the behaviour of geotechnical electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, structures (including entire foundation electrochemical noise analysis, potentio- concepts) under various loading conditions. dynamic polarisation and Tafel extrapolation The geocentrifuges are complemented by techniques. world-class facilities for soil characterisation, In addition to corrosion-specific expertise and including high accuracy computer-controlled facilities, the WACRG can also access the triaxial and simple shear apparatus, and spectroscopic and material characterisation constant normal stiffness interface testing. facilities available at Curtin in order to Micro-structural studies can also be provide a complete investigative service for undertaken using x-ray, optical and electron industry. microscopy and tomographic techniques. 26 27 Communications and Public Relations

Schematic of spinning disc Multiphase flow loop facility reactor operation

National Gas Separation and Subsea Rock Mechanics and Dielectrics researchers with its existence and resources. Multiphase Flow Loop Facility Laboratory The content on the site is steadily increasing, with the aim of providing a collective The National Gas Separation and Subsea CSIRO Petroleum’s Rock Mechanics portrayal of the combined capacity of Multiphase Flow Loop Facility at Curtin was Laboratory is recognised by industry as one of WA:ERA’s partners by mid-2008. opened during the year, and will be fully the best in the world. Triaxial testing facilities operational to Phase 1 configuration early in are used to determine rock elasticity and As a forum for information sharing, WOMBAT 2008. The Facility is used to study the flow deformation parameters under pressure and is by degrees hosting material such as the and fluid properties of hydrocarbon liquids temperature conditions found in nature. capabilities and activities of all staff, project and natural gas. Custom-built testing equipment can be descriptions, and non-confidential research A wide range of gas-related test facilities are modified for project-specific purposes, and WA:ERA CEO’s office: reports and publications. It is also used to Ms Kate Darby Spinning disc reactor at the Centre for available, including a subsea loop housed in a pressures up to 300 MPa are achievable. Core (Administrative Assistant), post minutes from Board meetings, IAG Strategic Nano Fabrication temperature-controlled 56,000 L water tank, samples can also be tested under changing Dr Ian Finnie (CEO), and meetings, and EAG meetings, with varying Ms Betty Bright and an above ground loop that can be tilted fluid pressure conditions, simulating oil or (Business Manager) levels of security and access. ±10 degrees. Both loops have been designed to gas draw-down, to predict sand production Spinning Disc Reactor Industry Alliance Partner staff and other handle multi-phase flow (gas, condensate, oil and determine safe draw-down pressures. interested parties can apply for access to and water) and low levels of solid particles The spinning disc reactor facilities at UWA A Communications Officer was not appointed During deformation, ultrasonic velocity is Participating in conferences, seminars and WOMBAT by contacting Kate within the fluid. Operating pressures in excess provide a new way to study reactions and during 2007 but the CEO, EAG and a coalition measured, for application to fluid workshops under the WA:ERA banner [email protected]. The website and of 15 MPa, temperatures from –10 to 40OC create products under highly controlled of essential WA:ERA staff (Ms Betty Bright, identification in exploration and 4D seismic intra/extranet are managed by Kate and Kieu, and velocities up to 15 m/s will be achievable, conditions. Spinning disc processing (or Ms Kate Darby, Ms Anne Kealley, Ms Kieu Publication of scientific communications modelling for production. with regular updates undertaken by Kieu and depending on fluid state, composition and process intensification) provides extremely Pham and Mr Robert Johnson) has been in national and international publication A Dielectric Laboratory is now being Anne. loop configuration. rapid mixing, followed by plug flow of the active in Alliance communication and outlets, such as scientific journals. New established to complement this facility. The The Flow Loop Facility can simulate the multi- reaction matrix. Heat and mass transfer is very promotion. A priority for 2007 was to publications produced during the On a personal level WOMBAT is proving to be dielectric constant of a material is a measure phase flow conditions found in trunklines as effective, and mass transfer from gas to establish a rapport with our key industry reporting period are listed in the a key benefit to researchers and potential of its polarisability, and can be used to well as a wide range of conditions found in solution is extremely high, lending the partners and through this launch the first Publications section of this report. project sponsors, by enabling awareness of the distinguish between water and rock, providing wave of new types of industry funded projects. natural gas pipeline operations. The Facility technique to GTL studies. The kinetics of Media releases from the Joint Venture collective capabilities, thereby opening up an an indication of porosity and pore structure. A decision was made to ensure that our has been designed for maximum flexibility in reaction are extremely fast, but conditions are Partners about relevant research achieve- array of collaborative opportunities. Many clays and shales have well recognised communications and public relations strategy order to meet current and projected flow also very selective and to some extent tuneable ments. dielectric vs. frequency responses, so the was based on reporting what WA:ERA had assurance requirements. Studies that can be – nanoparticle products can be created with Newsletter accommodated include: technique can also give an indication of the achieved rather than promoting planned controlled size, shape, agglomeration and Website and WOMBAT mineralogy present. An end-loaded (future) outcomes. The extent of external In order to assure awareness of activities dynamics of hydrate, sulfur and other phase. transmission line and a loaded coaxial communications has grown during 2007, During the reporting period the website and within WA:ERA, the AW:ARE newsletter is particle formation and deposition transmission line are available, allowing the As spinning disc reactors operate under reflecting the snowballing success of the intra/extranet have been significantly produced at appropriate points between gas/liquid separation conditions and testing of both solid and liquid materials, continuous flow with high throughput, small research and programs. As we move into a developed, both in terms of content and issues of the annual report. The last issue of research reactors can also be used for emulsion testing including drill cuttings, at a wide range of new growth phase in 2008, looking towards a functionality. The website, www.waera.com.au, AW:ARE was highly regarded, with production of high value products. concentrated effort on GTL for instance, we comprehensive coverage of activities for the modelling of defined hydrocarbon frequencies and confining pressures and is the most immediate high-level medium for will be refocusing on promotion of first half of 2007. Its release coincided with processing conditions, such as two-phase temperatures. Research is continuing to conveying WA:ERA activities to the wider opportunities, based on the solid reality of the launch of the Wealth From Oceans fluid behaviour at pipeline T junctions, improve the correlations used to determine community. It contains major contacts for our success in 2007. National Research Flagship’s Collaboration or effect of temperature on fluid rock properties from dielectric logging. each of the partner institutions and programs, Cluster on Subsea Pipelines and an Industry behaviour Communication of research activities and a listing of MRF funded staff, news and events, scientific results has been through a number the newsletter and annual report, an Advisory Group meeting. Dissemination of corrosion detection, performance of of mechanisms: upcoming conferences list, information on the newsletter has been via the website, corrosion inhibitors short courses and student scholarships, through meetings attended by the Governing Regular updates of the website, prototype testing of small flow meters, recruitment opportunities, as well as links to Board, IAG and EAG members, at conferences www.waera.com.au and intra/extranet instrumentation and specialised all of the partner websites. attended by members, and at events like the site, creating a resource for all participants equipment Collaboration Cluster on Subsea Pipelines to transfer knowledge and publicise their It is now also developing as a forum for launch and Science@Parliament. A low level sand detection/sand handling activities researchers to ‘post’ their capabilities, listing comprehensive mailing list has been potential project opportunities for industry training and verification of computer Production and free circulation of the compiled during 2007, and future editions and raising the profile of both WA:ERA people based flow models. quality newsletter AW:ARE will be sent to all contacts on the database. If and projects. The production of an annual report which you would like to receive future copies of the This Flow Loop Facility is complemented by a satisfies the reporting needs of the State WOMBAT, WA:ERA’s intra/extranet, is newsletter or annual report, please contact smaller specialised flow loop at CSIRO Government, and which is now delivering developing as a mechanism for internal and Kate (email address above) for inclusion on Petroleum, used to study the nucleation of gas Dr Matthew Josh making a dielectric Dr Matthew Josh preparing a synthetic relevant information about activities and restricted external communication, with a WA:ERA’s mailing list. hydrates under high pressure conditions. measurement of a synthetic dielectric material sample for dielectric measurement using an using an in-house end-loaded dielectric probe in-house loaded transmission line achievements to a wider audience launch during the year to familiarise 28 29 The Society for Underwater Technology also presented a carbon dioxide sequestration seminar in Perth, co-hosted ‘by WA:ERA and the Department of Industry and Resources.

Media Releases

Energy Research Showcase Society for Underwater Technology Subject Alliance Partner Key Contact Release Date

Curtin, in conjunction with WA:ERA, hosted WA:ERA was extremely well represented at the Curtin launches deep water oil and gas extraction facility Curtin Professor Robert Amin 17 April an Energy Research Showcase in October, Society for Underwater Technology’s 6th CSIRO Petroleum scientist wins Geological Society Award CSIRO Dr Peter Eadington 27 April bringing together representatives from the full International Conference, Offshore Site spectrum of energy-related research at Curtin, Investigation and Geotechnics: Confronting New Curtin appoints Professor of Energy Economics Curtin Professor Anthony Owen 4 May from exploration geoscience to engineering, Challenges and Sharing Knowledge, held in Australia’s energy quandary: Options and implications for the future Curtin Ms Ann-Marie Lim 22 May energy economics and business. Through a London in ’September. Eight staff from UWA series of presentations and informal and CSIRO presented WA:ERA research, Curtin experts debate solutions to Australia’s energy quandary Curtin Ms Ann-Marie Lim 30 May Conferences, Seminars discussion, it provided an opportunity for making a significant and positive impression. Innovative Engineering Masters at UWA UWA Ms Vicki Nairn 1 June industry and government to become aware of This reflects the strength that WA:ERA has in and Meetings and access the entire spread of energy-related geosciences, and provides positive indications Chinese gas industry managers seek WA expertise Curtin Ms Cisca Spencer 10 July research at Curtin. This covered a diverse and of the foundation on which the Subsurface Experts discuss future of alternative transport fuels CSIRO Professor David Trimm 16 July fascinating range of topics all linked to the Technologies Research Program will build. The Synfuel Alternative – International Curtin mini-3D underwater camera makes waves in oil and gas industry Curtin Dr Andrew Woods 31 July energy conundrum. About 50 representatives Advanced Technology Symposium The Society for Underwater Technology also Energy and minerals industry leader to join UWA UWA Ms Simone Hewett 2 August of large and small energy-related companies presented a carbon dioxide sequestration Ms Francesca Robb CSIRO hosted The Synfuel Alternative in and government bodies attended. seminar in Perth, co-hosted by WA:ERA and Canberra in July. This international The Showcase also provided the opportunity the Department of Industry and Resources. It Former Iraqi Oil Minister presents information on Iraq’s new Curtin Professor Robert Amin 29 August technology symposium brought together for researchers from different disciplines to provided an insight into current sequestration Hydrocarbon Law national and international experts to discuss interact, improving the opportunities for options, the status of technology and the latest developments in GTL and coal-to- Young UWA Professor named Physical Scientist of the Year UWA Professor Mark Cassidy 19 September multidisciplinary collaboration. Curtin is associated issues with practical applications of liquids (CTL) technology, and examined the committed to increasing its investment in sequestration, particularly with respect to UWA celebrates women in engineering UWA Ms Simone Hewett 19 October technical challenges to overcome in order to carbon dioxide handling from offshore Ms Sally-Ann Jones establish a viable synfuels industry in energy-related research, with a particular focus facilities. Australia. The Symposium marked the first on sustainability and climate change. Another A$11 million collaboration to unlock gas reserves CSIRO Dr Kate Wilson 31 October high-level technical conference to address the Energy Research Showcase will be held on the Professor Mark Cassidy research needs related to conversion of GTL, 17th April 2008, with the theme of ‘Carbon MRF Seminar UWA and BHP Billiton forge $5 million business education partnership UWA Professor Alan Robson 5 December CTL, and biomass to liquids. WA:ERA research Management’. For details contact Ms Cisca WA:ERA held a Major Research Facility (MRF) Ms Heather Merritt Spencer, [email protected]. conducted by CSIRO and Curtin was Grant Funded Researchers’ Seminar at ARRC presented at the event. This event was a in June. Staff and students funded by the MRF UWA-Industry partnership addresses engineering demand UWA Professor Mark Bush 6 December precursor to WA:ERA’s intention to forge Grant presented their research to an audience ahead with GTL research in 2008. of staff from Curtin, UWA and CSIRO over the course of the day, with opportunities for informal networking afterwards. The seminar was intentionally not advertised externally, as the aim was to maximise opportunities for scientific interaction between WA:ERA partners, and also as many projects were in early stages of development.

MRF seminars will be an annual event, and from 2008 will be opened more widely to academia, industry and government, with presentations accompanied by a poster session and opportunities for networking.

30 31 Publications

Patents 3. Akhtar, M.A.; Tadé, M.O.; Pareek, V.K. 15. Cassidy, M.J.; Uzielli, M.; Lacasse, S. Simulations of Bubble Column Reactors Probability Risk Assessment of a Land Slide: 1. Amanullah, M.; Islam, S.; Chami, S.; Ienco, Using a Volume of Fluid Approach: Effect of A Case Study at Finneidfjord. Canadian G. (inventors/assignees) Low Viscosity Air Distributor. Canadian Journal of Chemical Geotechnical Journal, (submitted). Vegetable Oil-Based Dielectric Fluids. Engineering, 2007, 85(3), 290. BIOLECTRIC PTY LTD (AU). H01B3/20; 4. Akhtar, M.A.; Tadé, M.O.; Pareek, V.K. Single 16. Chau, P.C.; Hinz, C.; Grice, K.; Fisher, S.J. H01B3/1. and Multiple Bubble Rise in a Bubble 13C/12C Isotope Fractionation of Simazine Column Reactor. Industrial Engineering and During Biodegradation. Environmental Books and Book Chapters: Chemistry Research (submitted). Science and Technology, (submitted). 1. Li, F.; Dyt, C.; Griffiths, C.M.; McInnes, K.L. 5. Agustina, T.E.; Ang, H.M.; Pareek, V.K. 17. Chen, W.; Randolph, M.F. Measuring Radial Predicting Seabed Change as a Function of Treatment of Winery Wastewater By UV-A 26. Ciz, R.; Rudajev, V. Linear and Nonlinear 33. Doherty, J.P.; Deeks, A.D. A Three-Noded 41. Freij-Ayoub, R.; Tan, C.; Clennell, B.; Total Stresses on Model Suction Caissons in Climate Change Over the Next 50 Years in Radiation. International Journal of Attributes of Ultrasonic Time Series Axisymmetric Plate/Shell Element with Tohidi, B.; Yang, J. A Wellbore Stability the Australian Southeast. In: Harff, J.; Hay Environment and Waste Management, 2007 (in Clay. ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal, Recorded from Experimentally Loaded Rock General Loading. Structural Engineering and Model for Hydrate Bearing Sediments. press). W.W.; Tetzlaff D.M. (Eds.) Coastline Changes: 2007, 30(2), 19–28. Samples and Total Failure Prediction. Mechanics, an International Journal, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Interrelation of Climate and Geological 6. Agustina, T.E.; Ang, H.M.; Pareek, V.K. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and (submitted December 2003). 2007, 57(1–2), 209–220. 18. Chen, W.; Randolph, M.F. External Radial Processes, 2007, pp. 43–64. Treatment of Winery Wastewater Using a Mining Sciences, 2007, 44(3), 457–467. 34. Dvorkin, J.; Mavko, G.; Gurevich, B. Fluid 42. Galvin, R.J.; Gurevich, B. Scattering of a Photocatalytic Reactor. Chemical Engineering Stress Changes and Axial Capacity for Substitution in Shaley Sediment Using Longitudinal Wave by a Circular Crack in a 2. Woods, A.J.; Dodgson, N.A.; Merritt, J.O.; Journal, 2007 (in press). Suction Caissons in Soft Clay. Géotechnique, 27. Dawson, D.; Grice, K.; Edwards, D.S.; Effective Porosity. Geophysics, 2007, 72(3), Fluid-Saturated Porous Medium. Inter- Bolas, M.T.; McDowell, I. (Eds.) Stereoscopic 2007, 57(6), 499–511. Alexander, R. The Effect of Source and 7. Atahan, P.; Grice, K.; Dodson, J. Agriculture 1–8; ISSN: 0016-8033. national Journal of Solids and Structures, 2007, Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XIV, Maturity on the Stable Isotopic and Environmental Change at Qingpu, 44(22–23), 7389–7398; ISSN: 0020-7683. Proceedings of SPIE Volume 6490, 19. Chen, W.; Randolph M.F. Uplift Capacity of Compositions of Individual Hydrocarbons 35. Einav, I.; Collins, I.F. Micro Thermo Yangtze Delta Region, China: A Biomarker, Proceedings of the ‘Stereoscopic Displays Suction Caissons Under Sustained and in Sediments and Crude Oils from the Mechanics for Randomly Distributed 43. Galvin, R.J.; Gurevich, B.; Sayers, C.M. Fluid- Stable Isotope and Palynological Approach. Materials. International Journal for Plasticity and Applications XVIII’ and ‘The Engineering Cyclic Loading in Soft Clay. Journal of Vulcan Sub-Basin, Timor Sea, Northern Dependent Shear-Wave Splitting in a The Holocene, 2007, 17, 507–515. (accepted). Reality of Virtual Reality 2007’ Conferences, Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Australia. Organic Geochemistry, 2007, 38, Poroelastic Medium With Conjugate 8. Bienen, B.; Byrne, B.W.; Houlsby, G.T.; Fracture Sets. Geophysical Prospecting, 2007, San Jose, California, USA, 29–31 January Engineering, 2007, 133(11), 1352–1363. 1015–1038. 36. Einav, I.; Houlsby, G.T.; Nguyen, G.D. Cassidy, M.J. Reply to Discussion on 2007. ISBN 9780819466037. Coupled Damage and Plasticity Models 55(3), 333–343. “Investigating Six–Degree–of–Freedom 28. De Marco, R.; Clarke, G.; Pejcic, B. Ion- 20. Chen, W.; Zhou H.; Randolph M.F. Effect of Derived from Energy and Dissipation 3. Wu, H.; Xu, M. (Guest Editors) A Special Loading of Shallow Foundations on Sand” 44. Gaudin, C.; Vlahos, G.; Randolph, M.F.; Installation Method on External Shaft Selective Electrode Potentiometry in Potentials. International Journal of Solids and by D.V. Morris. Géotechnique, 2007, 57(5), Colwill, R.D. Investigation in Centrifuge of Issue on Advanced Coal Utilisation Environmental Analysis. Electroanalysis, Structures, 2007, 44(7–8), 2487–2508. Friction of Caissons in Soft Clay. ASCE Anchor-Pipeline Interaction. Journal of Technology, Energy and Fuels, 2007, 21(2). 483–484. 2007, 19(19–20), 1987–2001. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental 37. Emmel, B.; Jacobs, J.; Crowhurst, P.; Offshore and Polar Engineering, 2007, 17(1), 9. Bienen, B.; Cassidy, M.J. Retrospective 4. Xu, M.; Wu, H. (Guest Editors), A Special Engineering, (submitted 2007). 29. De Marco, R.; Jiang, Z.-T.; John, D.; Daszinnies, M.C. Combined Apatite Fission- 67–73. Analysis of Jack-Up Beam Centrifuge Tests. Issue on Coal Combustion and Pollutant Sercombe, M.; Kinsella, B. An In Situ Track and Single Grain Apatite (U–Th)/He Canadian Geotechnical Journal, (submitted 45. Gessler, A.; Keitel, C.; Kodama, N.; Control, Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical 21. Cheuk, C.Y.; White, D.J.; Bolton, M.D. Uplift Ages From Basement Rocks of Central May 2007). Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy/ Weston, C.; Winters, A.J.; Keith, H.; Grice, K.; Engineering, 2007, 2(3). Mechanisms of Pipes Buried in Sand. ASCE Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica), Synchrotron Radiation Grazing Incidence Leuning, R.; Farquhar, G.D. δ13C of Organic 10. Bienen, B.; Cassidy, M.J.; Gaudin, C. Physical Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Possible Identification of Thermally X-ray Diffraction Study of the Influence of Matter Transported from the Leaves to the Modelling of a Jack-Up Structure on Sand in Overprinted Crustal Segments? Earth and Invited Book Review: Engineering, 2008, 134(2), 154–163. Acetate on the Carbon Dioxide Corrosion of Roots in Eucalyptus delegatensis – Short- the Geotechnical Centrifuge. Canadian Planetary Science Letters, 2007, 264(1–2), Mild Steel. Electrochimica Acta, 2007, 52, Term Variations and Relation to Respired 1. May, E.F. Measurement of the Geotechnical Journal, (submitted May 2007). 22. Cheuk, C.Y.; White, D.J.; Bolton, M.D. Large- 72–88. 37–46. CO2. Functional Plant Biology, 2007, 34(8), Thermodynamic Properties of Single Phases. Scale Modelling of Soil-Pipe Interaction 11. Bienen, B.; Gaudin, C.; Cassidy, M.J. 38. Faiz, M.M.; Saghafi, A.; Barclay, S.A.; 692–706. IUPAC Experimental Thermodynamics, Vol 30. Dingle, H.R.C.; White, D.J.; Deeks, A.D.; Centrifuge Tests of Shallow Footing During Large Amplitude Cyclic Movements Stalker, L.; Sherwood, N.R.; Whitford, D.J.; VI. Goodwin, A.R.H.; Marsh, K.N.; Nagayama T. Field Studies of the Axial 46. Giger, S.B.; Tenthorey, E.; Cox, S.F.; Behaviour on Sand Under Combined of Partially Embedded Pipelines. Canadian Evaluating Geological Sequestration of CO2 Wakeham, W.A. (Eds.) Elsevier: Amsterdam, Vertical Torsional Loading. International Response of Closed-Ended Tubular Jacked FitzGerald, J.D. Permeability Evolution in Geotechnical Journal, 2007, 44(8), 977–996. in Bituminous Coals: The Southern Sydney The Netherlands, 2003. Journal of Chemical Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Piles. Géotechnique, (submitted October Basin, Australia as a Natural Analogue. Quartz Fault Gouges Under Hydrothermal Engineering Data, 2007, 52(2), 662–663. 2007, 7(2), 1–22. 23. Cheuk, C.Y.; White, D.J.; Dingle, H.R.C. 2006). International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research- Upper Bound Plasticity Analysis of a Control, 2007, 1(2), 223–235; ISSN: Solid Earth, 2007, 112(B7), B07202. 12. Bunger, A.P.; Detournay, E. Early-Time 31. Dingle, H.R.C.; White, D.J.; Gaudin C. Journal papers: Solution for a Radial Hydraulic Fracture. Partially-Embedded Pipe Under Combined 17505836. 47. Goldschmidt, P. Managing the False Alarms: Mechanisms of Pipe Embedment and Lateral Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2007, Vertical and Horizontal Loading. Soils and A Framework for Assurance and Verification 1. Acosta-Martinez, H.E.; Gourvenec, S.M.; Breakout on Soft Clay. Canadian Geotechnical 39. Fenton, S.; Grice, K.; Twitchett, R.; 133(5), 534–540. Bottcher, M.; Looy, C.V.; Nabbefeld, B. of Surveillance Monitoring. Information Randolph, M.F. An Experimental Foundations, (in press for February 2008). Journal, (accepted November 2007). Systems Frontiers: A Journal of Research and 13. Cassidy, M.J. Experimental Observations of Changes in Biomarker Abundances and Investigation of a Shallow Skirted 24. Christensen, N.B.; Dodds, K. 1D Inversion the Combined Loading Behaviour of 32. Dodds, K.J.; Dewhurst, D.N.; Siggins, A.F.; Sulfur Isotopes of Pyrite Across the Permian- Innovation: Special Issue on Secure Knowledge Foundation Under Compression and Circular Footings on Loose Silica Sand. and Resolution Analysis of Marine CSEM Ciz, R.; Urosevic, M.; Gurevich, B.; Sherlock, Triassic (P/Tr) Schuchert Dal Section (East Management, Springer Netherlands, Tension. Soils and Foundations, (submitted Géotechnique, 2007, 57(4), 397–401. Data. Geophysics, 2007, 72(2), WA27–WA38; D.H. Experimental and Theoretical Rock Greenland), Earth and Planetary Science ISSN1387-3326, 2007, 9(5), 541–556. June 2007, revised October 2007). Physics Research with Application to Letters, 2007, 262(1–2), 230–239. 14. Cassidy, M.J.; Quah, M.; Foo, K.S. ISSN: 0016-8033. 48. Gong, S.; George, S.C.; Volk, H.; Liu, K.; Reservoirs, Seals and Fluid Processes. 2. Akhtar, M.A.; Tadé, M.O.; Pareek, V.K. CFD Experimental Investigation of the 40. Freij-Ayoub, R.; Griffiths, C.M.; Ronalds, B.F.; Peng, P. Petroleum Charge History in the 25. Ciz, R.; Siggins, A.F.; Gurevich, B.; Dvorkin, J. Simulations for Continuous Flow of Bubbles Reinstallation of Mobile Jack-Up Platforms Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Weir, G.; Rajeswaran, R.; Mansoori, G.A. Lunnan Low Uplift, Tarim Basin, China – Influence of Microheterogeneity on Effective through Gas-Liquid Columns: Application Close to Existing Footprints. Journal of in Australia: Journal of Petroleum Science and Petroleum Exploration and Production Evidence from Oil-Bearing Fluid Inclusions. of VOF Method. Chemical Product and Process Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Stress Law for Elastic Properties of Rocks. Engineering, 2007, 57(1–2), 16–36; ISSN: Research in Australia. Journal of Petroleum Organic Geochemistry, 2007, 38(8), Modeling, 2007, 2, A9. Engineering, ASCE, (submitted March 2006). Geophysics, 2008, 73(1), E7–E14. 0920-4105. Science and Engineering, 2007, 57(1–2), 1–7. 1341–1355; ISSN: 0146-6380. 32 33 66. Higgs, K.E.; Zwingmann, H.; Reyes, A.G.; 77. Levy, N.H.; Einav, I.; Randolph, M.F. Effect of 88. Merifield, R.; White, D.J.; Randolph, M.F. 100. Pack, D.J.; Trengove, R.D. Formation and Funnell, R.H. Diagenesis, Porosity Recent Load History on Laterally Loaded Analysis of the Undrained Breakout Deposition of ‘Elemental Sulphur’ in Evolution, and Petroleum Emplacement in Piles in Normally Consolidated Clay. Resistance of Partially Embedded Pipelines. Pipelines – an Update. The Australian Tight Gas Reservoirs, Taranaki Basin, New International Journal of Geomechanics, 2007, Géotechnique (accepted October 2007). Pipeliner, 2007, 129, 36–37 . Zealand. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 7(4), 277–286. 89. Mohamedelhassan, E.; Shang, J.Q.; 101. Patel, R.; Singh, K.; Pareek, V.K.; Tadé, M. 2007, 77(12), 1003–1025. 78. Li, B.; Cheng, L.; Deeks, A.D.; Zhao, M. Ismail, M.A.; Randolph, M.F. Electro- Dynamic Simulation of Reactive Batch A Semi-Analytical Solution Method for Two chemical Stabilization for Offshore Caissons 67. Hill, E.J.; Griffiths, C.M. Simulating Distillation Column for Ethyl Acetate Dimensional Helmholtz Equations. Part II with Two Electrode Configurations. Sedimentary Successions Using Syntactic Synthesis. Chemical Product and Process Unbounded Domain Solution. Applied Canadian Geotechnical Journal (submitted Pattern Recognition Techniques. Modeling, 2007, 2(2), Article 5. Ocean Research (submitted November 2005). 2006). Mathematical Geology, 2007, 39(2), 141–157. 102. Pejcic, B.; Eadington, P.; Ross, A. 79. Li, B.; Cheng, L.; Deeks, A.D.; Zhao, M. 90. Müller, T.M.; Lambert, G.; Gurevich, B. 68. Jeng, D.S.; Cheng L. Response of a Porous Substructuring in the Scaled Boundary Dynamic Permeability of Porous Rocks and Environmental Monitoring of Bed in the Vicinity of a Buried Pipeline. 49. Gourvenec, S. Failure Envelopes for Offshore 58. Grice, K.; Stalker, L. The 2006 Australian Finite-Element Analysis of Wave Diffraction. its Seismic Signatures. Geophysics, 2007, Hydrocarbons: A Chemical Sensor Ocean Engineering (in press). Shallow Foundation Under General Organic Geochemistry Conference: A Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and 72(5), E149–E158. Perspective. Environmental Science and Combined National Conference of the 69. John, D.; Kinsella, B.; De Marco, R.; Bailey, S. Engineering, (submitted May 2004). Technology, 2007, 41(18), 6333–6342; ISSN: Loading. Géotechnique, 2007, 57(9), 91. Müller, T.; Toms, J.; Gurevich, B. Seismic Australian Organic Geochemists and the Caution in the Application of Linear 0013-936X. 715–728. 80. Li, F.; Cheng, L. Mathematical Modelling of Attenuation in Porous Rocks with Random Natural Organic Matter Interest Group. Polarisation to Carbon Dioxide Corrosion. Patchy Saturation. Geophysical Prospecting, 50. Gourvenec, S. Shape Effects on the Capacity Time-Dependent Scour Below Offshore 103. Pilgrim, T.S.; Grice, K.; Watling, J.R. Organic Geochemistry, 2007, 38(7), Corrosion Science (submitted). Pipelines. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 2007, 55(5), 671–678. Application of Trace Element and Stable of Rectangular Footings Under Combined 1011–1012. (submitted). Load. Géotechnique, 2007, 57(8), 637–646. 70. Krumdieck, S.; Kristinsdottir, A.; Ramirez, L.; 92. Ngu, L.; Wu, H.; Zhang, D.-K. Isotope Signatures to the Provenance 59. Gurevich, B. Comparison of the Low- Lebedev, M.; Long, N. Growth Rate, 81. Li, F.; Cheng, L. Prediction of Lee-Wake Characterisation of Ash Cenospheres in Fly Establishment of Tea (Camellia sinensis) 51. Gourvenec, S. Undrained Bearing Capacity Frequency Predictions of Biot’s and De Microstructure and Conformality as a Scouring of Pipelines in Currents. Journal of Ash from Australian Power Stations. Energy Samples. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry of Embedded Footings Under General Boer’s Poroelasticity Theories With Function of Vapor Exposure for Zirconia Waterways, Port, Coastal and Ocean and Fuels, 2007, 21(6), 3437–3445. and Food Science (submitted). Loading. Géotechnique (accepted July 2007). Gassmann’s Equation. Applied Physics Letters, Thin Films by Pulsed-Pressure MOCVD. Engineering (accepted). 2007, 91, 091919. 93. Noui-Mehidi, M.N.; Wu, J.; Cueille, P.V.; 104. Randolph, M.F.; White, D.J. Upper Bound 52. Gourvenec, S.M.; Acosta-Martinez, H.E.; Surface and Coating Technology, 2007, 82. Liu, J.X.; Zhu, W.C.; Liu, J.; Sheng, J.C.; Sanchez-Soto, G.; Rivero, M.; Nakagawa, E. Yield Envelopes for Pipelines at Shallow Randolph, M.F. Experimental Study of Uplift 60. Gurevich, B.; Galvin, R.J.; Brajanovski, M.; 201(22–23), 8908–8913. Brady, B.H. Simulation of Borehole Effects of Salinity on the Performance of Gas Müller, T.M.; Lambert, G. Fluid Substitution, Embedment in Clay. Géotechnique (accepted Resistance of Shallow Skirted Foundations in Liquid Cyclonic Separators. Aiche Journal, 71. Langhi, L.; Borel, G.D. Reverse Structures in Progressive Failure at Multi-lateral Junctions. October 2007). Clay Under Transient and Sustained Dispersion and Attenuation in Fractured and Accommodation Zone and Early Petroleum Science and Technology, 2007, 25, 2007, 53(10), 2722–2725. Concentric Loading. Géotechnique (submitted Porous Reservoirs – Insights from New Rock Compartmentalization of Late Jurassic 1185–1198. 105. Rattley, M.J.; Richards, D.J.; Lehane, B.M.; Physics Models. The Leading Edge, 2007, 94. Novia, R.M.; Ray, M.S.; Pareek, V.K. Three- June 2007, revised December 2007). Extensional System, Laminaria High (NW Gaudin, C. Numerical Prediction of the Rate 26(9), 1162–1168. 83. Liu, K.; Eadington, P.; Middleton, H.; Dimensional Hydrodynamics and Reaction Shelf, Australia). Marine and Petroleum Dependence of the Uplift Capacity of 53. Gourvenec, S.; Steinepreis, M. Undrained Fenton, S.; Cable, T. Applying Quantitative Kinetics Analysis in FCC Riser Reactors. 61. Hallmann, C.; van Aarssen, B.; Grice, K. Transmission Tower Foundations. Computer Limit States of Shallow Foundations Acting Geology (in press). Fluorescence Techniques to Investigate Chemical Product and Process Modeling, 2007, Effect of Catalyst Reagent and Derivatization and Geotechnics (submitted January 2006). in Consort. International Journal of 2(2), Article 4. Procedure on the Relative Efficiency of Free 72. Law, S.S.; Zhu, X.Q.; Bu, J.Q.; Chan, S.L. Petroleum Charge History of Sedimentary Geomechanics, 2007, 7(3), 194–205. Fatty Acid Butyl Esterification. Analytical Moving Loads Identification on a Simply- Basins in Australia and Papua New Guinea. 95. Nurhuda, A.; Greenwood, P.; Grice, K.; 106. Richard, T.; Germay, C.; Detournay, E. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, A Simplified Model to Explore the Root 54. Govoni, L.; Gourvenec, S.; Gottardi, G. Chemistry (submitted). Supported Bridge Deck. International Journal Watling, J.; van Bronswick, B. Molecular of Mechanical Science (in press). 2007, 57(1–2), 139–151. Fingerprinting of the Oil-Based Component Cause of Stick-Slip Vibrations in Drilling Centrifuge Modelling of Circular Surface 62. Hallmann, C.; Schwark, L.; Grice, K. 84. Lu, H.; Grice, K.; Zhou, Y.; Stuart-Williams, H of Adhesive Tapes. Journal of Forensic Science Systems With Drag Bits. Journal of Sound and Footings on Sand Under Combined Community Dynamics of Anaerobic Bacteria 73. Le, T.; Trebble, M.A. Measurement of Carbon .; Wang, S.; Farquhar, G. Biosynthetic Effects (in press). Vibration, 2007, 305(3), 432–456. Loading. Géotechnique (submitted June in Deep Petroleum Reservoirs. Nature Dioxide Freezing in Mixtures of Methane, on the Stable Carbon Isotopic Compositions 2007). Geoscience (submitted). Ethane and Nitrogen in the Solid–Vapour 96. Osman, A.S.; White, D.J.; Britto, A.M.; 107. Richardson, M.D.; O’Loughlin, C.D.; of the Anteiso- (3-methyl) and Iso- (2- Bolton, M.D. Simple Prediction of the 55. Grice, K.; De Mesmay, R.; Glucina A.; 63. Hartshorn, R.; Stockwell, S.; Lebedev, M.; Equilibrium Region. Journal of Chemical Randolph, M.F.; Gaudin, C. Setup Following methyl) Alkanes in Tobacco Leaves. Undrained Displacement of a Circular Krumdieck, S. Precursor System for Bio- Engineering Data, 2007, 52(3), 683–686. Installation of Dynamic Anchors in Wang, S. New 5A Molecular Sieving Method Phytochemistry (submitted December 2007). Surface Foundation on Non-Linear Soil. Integration Ceramics and Deposition Onto Normally Consolidated Clay. ASCE Journal for CSIA. Organic Geochemistry (accepted). 74. Lecampion, B.; Detournay, E. An Implicit Géotechnique, 2007, 57(9), 729–737. Tantala Scaffold Bone Interface Surface. 85. Lu, N.; Wu, B.; Tan, C.P. Tensile Strength Algorithm for the Propagation of a of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental 56. Grice, K.; Lu, H.; Atahan, P.; James, E.; Surface and Coating Technology, 2007, Characteristics of Unsaturated Sands. Journal 97. Pack, D.J. Analysis and Potential Origin of Hydraulic Fracture With a Fluid Lag. Engineering (submitted August 2007). Hallmann, C.; Greenwood, P.F.; Dodson, J. 201(22–23), 9413–9416. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Solid Deposits found in Natural Gas Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Perylene: A Molecular Marker for Lignin Engineering, 2007, 133(2), 144–154. Transmission Pipelines. Global Pipeline 108. Rittirong, A.; Shang, J.Q.; Ismail, M.A.; 64. Helinski, M.; Fahey, M.; Fourie A. Numerical Engineering, 2007, 196(49–52), 4863–4880. Degradation and its Geological Significance. Monthly, 2007, 3(04), 1–6. Randolph, M.F. Electric Field Analysis of Modelling of Cemented Mine Fill 86. Makarynska, D.; Gurevich, B.; Ciz, R.; Science (submitted December 2007). 75. Lehane, B.M.; Gaudin, C.; Richards, D.J.; Electrokinetic Stabilization for Suction Deposition. Journal of Geotechnical and Arns, C.; Knackstedt, M. Finite Element 98. Pack, D.J.; Chesnoy, A.B. Unwanted Sulfur Rattley, M.J. Rate Effects on the Vertical Uplift Caisson Anchors. Canadian Geotechnical 57. Grice, K.; Nabbefeld, B.; Maslen, E. Source Geoenvironmental Engineering, (accepted Modelling of the Effective Elastic Properties Contamination in Natural Gas. Hydrocarbon Capacity of Footings Founded in Clay. Journal (submitted 2006). and Significance of Selected Polycyclic 2006). of Partially Saturated Rocks. Computers and Processing, 2007, 47–56. Géotechnique (submitted March 2006). Geosciences, 2007 (accepted). Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments 65. Helinski, M.; Fourie, A.; Fahey, M.; 99. Pack, D.J.; Chesnoy, A.B.; Bosio, J. Gas 109. Ronalds, B.F.; Cosson, D.G.; Pinna, R.; (Hovea-3 Well, Perth Basin, Western Ismail, M.A. The Self-Dessication Process in 76. Lehane, B.; O’Loughlin, C.; Gaudin, C.; 87. May, E.F.; Berg, R.F.; Moldover, M.R. Pipeline Preferential Site Selection Cole, G.K. Towards Monopod Design

Australia) Spanning the Permian-Triassic Cemented Mine Backfill. Canadian Randolph, M.F. Rate Effects on Penetrometer Reference Viscosities of H2, CH4, Ar and Xe at Occurrence for Particle Formation/ Criteria for Uniform Reliability. Journal of Boundary. Organic Geochemistry, 2007, 38, Geotechnical Journal (submitted March Resistance in Kaolin. Géotechnique Low Densities. International Journal of Deposition. International Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2007, 1795–1803. 2006). (submitted January 2007). Thermophysics (in press, accepted April 2007). Multiphase Flow (submitted). 57(1–2), 8–15. 34 35 110. Ronalds, B.F.; Trench, D.J.; Pinna, R. On the 121. Teh, K.L.; Cassidy, M.J.; Leung, C.F.; 133. Wang, X.M.; Seriani, G.; Lin, W.J. Some Relationship Between Platform Topology, Chow, Y.K.; Randolph, M.F.; Quah, M. Theoretical Aspects of Elastic Wave Topside Weight and Structural Reliability Revealing the Bearing Failure Mechanisms Modeling With a Recently Developed Under Storm Overload. Journal of of a Penetrating Spudcan Through Sand Spectral Element Method. Science in China Constructional Steel Research, 2007, 63(8), Overlaying Clay. Géotechnique (accepted Series G – Physics Mechanics and Astronomy, 1016–1023. November 2007). 2007, 50(2), 185–207. 111. Saenger, E.H.; Ciz, R.; Kruger, O.S.; 122. Teh, K.L.; Cassidy, M.J.; Leung, C.F.; 134. Wee, H.L.; Wu, H.; Zhang, D.-K. Schmalholz, S.M.; Gurevich, B.; Shapiro, Chow, Y.K.; Randolph, M.F.; Quah, M. Heterogeneity of Ash Deposits Formed in a S.A. Finite-Difference Modeling of Wave Revealing the Bearing Capacity Mechanisms Utility Boiler During PF Combustion. Propagation on Microscale: A Snapshot of of a Penetrating Spudcan Through Sand Energy and Fuels, 2007, 21(2), 441–450. the Work in Progress. Geophysics, 2007, Overlaying Clay. Géotechnique, (submitted 72(5), SM293–SM300; ISSN: 0016-8033. 2007). 135. White, D.J. Physical Modelling in 112. Sato, H.; Lebedev, M.; Akedo, J. Theoretical Géotechnique. Géotechnique, invited review 123. Thorel, L.; Gaudin, C.; Garnier, J. A Cone Investigation of Guide Wave Flowmeter. paper for special 60th birthday edition, Pressuremeter for Soil Characterisation in Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2007, 2008. Centrifuge. International Journal of Physical 46(7B), 4521–4528. Modelling in Geotechnics, 2007, 7(1), 25–30. 136. White, D.J.; Cheuk, C.Y. Modelling the Soil 113. Schmidt, J.W.; Gavioso, R.M.; May, E.F.; 124. Tian, Y.; Cassidy, M.J. Modelling of Pipe-Soil Resistance on Seabed Pipelines During Moldover, M.R. Polarizability of Helium Interaction and its Application in Large Cycles of Lateral Movement. Marine and Gas Metrology. Physical Review Letters, Numerical Simulation. International Journal Structures, 2007, 20(4), (in press, published 2007, 98, 254504, 1–4. 144. Wu, H.; Fu, Q.; Giles, R.; Bartle, J. Mallee 151. Yu, Y.; Lou, X.; Wu, H. Some Recent 157. Zhu, X.Q.; Hao, H.; Peng, X.L. Dynamic of Geomechanics, ASCE (accepted November on-line 6 July 2007). Assessment of Underwater Pipeline Systems 114. Schneider, J.A.; Randolph, M.F.; 2007). Biomass Production in Western Australia: Advances in Hydrolysis of Biomass in Hot- 137. White, D.J.; Cheuk, C.Y.; Bolton, M.D. The Mayne, P.W.; Ramsey, N. Soil Classification Energy Balance Analysis. Energy and Fuels Compressed Water and its Comparisons Using Statistical Model Updating. 125. Tran, M.N.; Randolph, M.F. Variation of Uplift Resistance of Pipes and Plate Anchors International Journal of Structural Stability and Evaluated Using Normalized Piezocone (accepted July 2007). with Other Hydrolysis Methods. Energy and Suction Pressure During Caisson Buried in Sand. Géotechnique (submitted Dynamics (accepted). Parameters. Canadian Geotechnical Journal Fuels, 2008, 22(1), 46–60. Installation in Sand. Géotechnique (accepted February 2006). 145. Yamamoto, N.; Randolph, M.F.; Einav, I. (submitted 2007). 158. Zhu, H.; Liu K.; Du, Y.; He, S. Current Status May 2007). A Numerical Study of the Effect of 152. Zeng, C.; Clayton, S.; Wu, H.; Hayashi, J.; and Trends in Sequence Stratigraphic 115. Senders, M.; Randolph, M.F. CPT-Based 138. White, D.J.; Randolph, M.F. Seabed Foundation Size for a Wide Range of Sands. Li, C.-Z. Effects of Dewatering on the Simulation. Dizhi Keji Qingbao, 2007, 26(5), Method for the Installation of Suction 126. Tran, M.N.; Randolph, M.F.; Airey, D.W. Characterisation and Models for Pipeline- Pyrolysis and Gasification Reactivity of 27–34. Caissons in Sand. Journal of Geotechnical and Installation of Suction Caissons in Sand Soil Interaction. International Journal of Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Victorian Brown Coal. Energy and Fuels, Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE With Silt Layers. Journal of Geotechnical and Offshore and Polar Engineering, 2007, 17(3), Engineering, ASCE (submitted 2006). (submitted March 2007). Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE (in 2007, 21(2), 399–404. Conference Papers and Abstracts: 193–204. 146. Yamamoto, N.; Randolph, M.F.; Einav, I. press). 1. Ahmed, M.; Volk, H.; George, S.; Faiz, M.; 116. Sherlock, D.H.; Dodds, K.J.; Weir, G. The 139. White, D.J.; Teh, K.L.; Leung, C.F.; Simple Formulae for the Response of 153. Zhang, Y.; Zwingmann, H.; Liu, K.; Luo, X.-Q. 127. Trebble, M.A. Plant Performance Test for the Stalker, L. Oil Sourced from Permian Coals – Development of Analog Reservoir Chow, Y.K. The Bearing Capacity of Circular Shallow Foundations on Compressible K–Ar Isotopic Dating of Authigenic Illite Modelling for Seismic and Reservoir De-Ethanizer Overhead Recycle (DOR) Geochemical Evidence from Sydney Basin Surface Foundations and Spudcans on Sands. International Journal for Geomechanics, and its Application to the Investigation of Engineering Research. Journal of Petroleum Process. Asia Pacific Journal of Chemical Oil Seeps and Shows. in: Farrimond, P. et al. Sand, Accounting for Stress-Dilatancy. ASCE (submitted 2007). Hydrocarbon Accumulation History of the Science and Engineering, 2007, 57(1–2), Engineering, 2007, 2(5), 438–441. (Eds), 23rd International Meeting on Organic Silurian Bituminous Sandstone Reservoirs Géotechnique (accepted March 2007). Geochemistry, Torquay, Devon, UK. 82–91. 147. Yang, Z.J.; Deeks, A.D.; Hao, H. Transient 128. Trevelyan, J.P. Technical Coordination in in the Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin. Shiyou Integrated Geochemical Interpretation Ltd., 140. White, D.J.; Teh, K.L.; Leung, C.F.; Chow, Dynamic Fracture Analysis Using Scaled 117. Song, Z.; Hu, Y.; Randolph, M.F. Engineering Practice. Journal of Engineering Yu Tianranqi Dizhi, 2007, 28(2), 166–174. 2007, 815–816. ISBN: 978-0-9556551-0-4. Continuous Vertical Pullout of Plate Education, 2007, 96(3), 191–204. Y.K. A Comparison of the Bearing Capacity Boundary Finite Element Method: A 154. Zhao, M.; Cheng, L.; Teng, B.; Dong G. 2. Akhtar, M.A.; Tadé, M.O.; Pareek, V.K. Single Anchors in Clay. Journal of Geotechnical and of Flat and Conical Circular Foundations on Frequency Domain Approach. Engineering 129. Trevelyan, J.; Tilli S. Published Research on Hydrodynamic Forces on a Piggyback and Multiple Bubble Rise in a Bubble Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE Sand. Géotechnique (accepted March 2007). Fracture Mechanics (submitted 2006). Engineering Work. Journal of Professional (submitted 2007). Pipeline Subjected to Steady Currents. Column Reactor. 6th International Symposium Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 141. Widiastuti, N.; Wu, H.; Ang, M.; Zhang, D.K. on Catalysis in Multiphase Reactors, NCL Pune, 148. Yang, Z.J.; Liu, G.H. Towards Fully Ocean Engineering (submitted December 118. Sun, Z.Q.; Cheng, L.; Zheng, Y. A High- 2007, 133(4), 300–307. The Potential Application of Natural Zeolite India, January 14–17 2007. Automatic Modelling of Fracture Process in 2004). Order Operator Split Scheme for Advection- for Greywater Treatment. Desalination, 130. Toms, J.; Müller, T.M.; Gurevich, B. Seismic Different Materials: A Universal Crack 3. Alhussain, M.; Gurevich, B.; Urosevic, M. Diffusion Equations. Computational Fluid 2008, 218, 271–280. 155. Zhao, M.; Cheng, L.; Teng, B.; Dong, G. Experimental Verification of Spherical Wave Dynamics Journal (submitted). Attenuation in Porous Rocks With Random Propagation Criterion, International Journal Hydrodynamic Forces on Dual Cylinders of Patchy Saturation. Geophysical Prospecting, 142. Wong, D.; Hu, Y.; Song, Z. Uplift Capacity of Solids and Structures (submitted 2005). Effect on the AVO Response and 119. Sun, Z.Q.; Wu, J.; Haghighi, M.; Bromly, J.; 2007, 55(5), 671–678. of Circular Plate Anchor in Uniform Clay. Different Diameters in Steady Currents. Implications for Three-Term Inversion. 77th Ng, E.; Wee, H.L.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, D.-K. 149. Yip, K.; Wu, H.; Zhang, D.-K. Effect of China Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2007, 28(6), Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2006 (in Annual International Meeting: Society of 131. Underschultz, J. Hydrodynamics and Methane Cracking Over a Bituminous Coal Inherent Moisture in Collie Coal During Exploration Geophysics, San Antonio, 2007. (in press). press). Char. Energy and Fuels, 2007, 21(3), Membrane Seal Capacity. Geofluids, 2007, Pyrolysis Due to In-situ Steam Gasification. 4. Alhussain, M.; Liu, E.; Gurevich, B.; 1601–1605. 7(2), 148–158. 143. Woods, A.J.; Yuen, K.L.; Karvinen, K.S. 156. Zhou, H.; Randolph, M.F. Computational Energy and Fuels, 2007, 21(5), 2883–2891. Urosevic, M.; Ur Rehman, S. AVO Response Characterizing Crosstalk in Anaglyphic Techniques and Shear Band Development 120. Tarasov, B.G.; Randolph, M.F. Frictionless 132. Underschultz, J.R.; Otto, C.; Hennig, A. of a Fractured Medium: Laboratory 150. Yip, K.; Wu, H.; Zhang, D.-K. Pyrolysis of for Cylindrical and Spherical Penetrometers Shear at Great Depth and Other Paradoxes Application of Hydrodynamics to Sub- Stereoscopic Images on LCD Monitors and Measurements Versus Numerical of Hard Rocks. International Journal of Rock Basin-Scale Static and Dynamic Reservoir Plasma Displays. Journal of Society for Collie Coal Briquettes to Produce Char as a in Strain-Softening Clay. International Simulations. 77th Annual International Mechanics and Mining Sciences (accepted Models. Journal of Petroleum Science and Information Display, Special 3D Issue, 2007, Metallurgical Reductant. Energy and Fuels, Journal for Geomechanics, 2007, 7(4), Meeting: Society of Exploration Geophysics, San May 2007). Engineering, 2007, 57(1–2), 92–105. 15(11), 889–898. 2007, 21, 419–425. 287–295. Antonio, 2007. 36 37 5. Amanullah, M. Screening and Evaluation of 13. Brennan, A.J.; Cassidy, M.J. Cyclic Load 21. Deeks, A.D.; White, D.J. Centrifuge 30. Gaudin, C.; Cassidy, M.J.; Donovan, T. 39. Gurevich, B.; Osypov S.K.; Ciz, R. 48. Hodder, M.S.; Cassidy, M.J.; White, D.J. Some Environment-Friendly Mud Additives Response of Unburied Pipelines on Silica Modelling of Rotary-Jacked Tubular Piles: Spudcan Reinstallation Near Existing Viscoelastic Modeling of Rocks Saturated Model Tests Investigating Soil Stiffness to use in Water-Based Drilling Muds. SPE E Sand. Proceedings of the 2nd British “Gyropiling”. 2nd International Conference on Footprints. Proceedings of the 6th International with Heavy Oil. 77th Annual International Degradation in the Touchdown Zone of Steel and P Environmental and Safety Conference Geotechnical Association International Foundations, 2008. Offshore Site Investigation and Geotechnics Meeting: Society of Exploration Geophysics, San Catenary Risers. Proceedings of the 27th 2007: Delivering Superior Environmental and Conference on Foundations, IHS Press, Conference: Confronting New Challenges and Antonio, 2007, Expanded Abstracts, International Conference on Offshore Mechanics 22. Deeks, A.D.; White, D.J. Centrifuge Safety Performance, Mar 5–7 2006; Galveston, Dundee, UK, 2008. Sharing Knowledge, London, UK, 2007, 1614–1618. and Arctic Engineering, Estoril, Portugal, Modelling of the Base Response of Closed- TX, United States. Society of Petroleum 2008. 14. Bruton, D.; Carr, M.; White, D.J. The Ended Jacked Piles. Proceedings International 165–172. 40. Gutzmer, J.; McClung, C.R.; Beukes, N.J.; Engineers, Richardson, TX 75083-3836, Influence of Pipe-Soil Interaction on Lateral 49. Hodder, M.S.; White, D.J.; Cassidy, M.J. Workshop on Recent Advances in Deep 31. Gaudin, C.; Cassidy, M.J.; Quah, M.; Schaefer, M.O.; Banks, D.; Zwingmann, H. United States; 2007, 1–9. Buckling and Walking of Pipelines: the Centrifuge Modelling of Riser-Soil Stiffness Foundations, Yokosuka, Japan, 2007, Purwana, O.A. Centrifuge Experiments Age and Origin of the Earth’s Oldest SAFEBUCK JIP. Proceedings of the 6th Degradation in the Touchdown Zone of an 6. Antonovsky, A. Human Factors–New 241–252. Investigating Use of Jetting in Spudcan Carbonate-Hosted Pb-Zn-(F) Deposits. 9th International Conference on Offshore Site SCR. Proceedings of the International Directions, Human Factors–Reliability and Extraction. Proceedings of the 18th Biennial SGA Meeting, Mineral Exploration and Investigation and Geotechnics, London, 2007, 23. Detournay, E.; Peirce, A.P.; Bunger. A.P. Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Safety Conference, Perth, June 2007. International Offshore and Polar Engineering Research – Digging Deeper. Abstract volume 133–150. Viscosity Dominated Hydraulic Fractures. In: Engineering (abstract accepted 2008). Dublin, 2007, 299–302. 7. Antonovsky, A.; Pollock, C. Beyond Eberhardt, E.; Stead, D.; Morrison, T. (Eds). Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 2008. 15. Bunger, A.P.; Detournay, E.; Garagash, D.I.; 50. Hossain, M.S.; Randolph, M.F. Investigating Violations: Human Factors in Maintenance Rock Mechanics: Meeting Society’s Challenges 32. Gaudin, C.; Colwill, R. Centrifuge Modelling 41. Haghighi, M.; Sage, V.; Chan, Y.; Bromly, J.; Peirce, A.P. Numerical Simulation of Potential for Punch-Through for Spudcan Failures. Human Factors and Ergonomics and Demands – Proceedings 1st Canada–U.S. Zhang, D.-K. Partial Oxidation of Methane Hydraulic Fracturing in the Viscosity- of a Ship Impact Against a Sloping Seawall. Foundations on Layered Clays. 17th Society of Australia Annual Conference, Perth, Rock Mechanics Symposium, Vancouver, to Methanol in Tubular Reactor with Dominated Regime. SPE – Hydraulic Fract- 17th International Offshore and Polar International Offshore and Polar Engineering June 2007 (in press). Canada. London: Taylor and Francis Group, Separate Feed Preheating and Product uring Technology Conference 2007, College Engineering Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, 2007, 2007- 2007, 1649–1656. Quench. 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on 8. Bienen, B.; Byrne, B.W.; Houlsby, G.T.; Station, TX, United States, January 29–31 2007 (submitted). JSC-587. Combustion, Nagoya Congress Center, Cassidy, M.J. 3D Analyses of a Jack-Up and 2007; Society of Petroleum Engineers, 24. Dyt, C.; Strand, J.; Gartell, A.P.; Langhi, L. An 33. Gourvenec, S.M. Numerical Analyses of a Nagoya, Japan, 20–23 May 2007. 51. Hwan, I.; Martella, M.; Zhang, D.-K.; Wu, H. Richardson, TX 75083-3836, United States; Automated Approach to Determining its Foundations. Proceedings of the 2nd British Skirted Foundation Under Tensile Load. 10th Solids Transport Correlations in a 2007, 288–298. Regional Scale Hydrocarbon Loss/Pres- 42. Hallmann, C.; Grice, K.; Schwark, L. Geotechnical Association International Australia–New Zealand Conference on Horizontal Rotating Drum with Segmented ervation Due to Fault Reactivation. An Molecular and Isotopic Study of Acidic Conference on Foundations, IHS Press, 16. Cassidy, M.J.; Vlahos, G.; Hodder, M.S. Geomechanics, Brisbane, Australia. Taylor and Lifters. The Proceedings, 35th Chemeca 2007, Example from the Timor Sea. AAPG Metabolites in the Deep Biosphere Dundee, UK, 2008. Deriving Appropriate Stiffness Levels for Francis, 2007. Melbourne, Victoria, 23–26 September 2007, Spudcan Foundations on Dense Sand. International, Athens, Greece, 2007, Abstract. Employing Petroleum Reservoirs as Natural 770. 9. Boreham, C.; Undershultz, J.; Stalker, L.; 34. Gourvenec, S.M.; Acosta-Martinez, H.; Proceedings of the 11th International Conference Bioreactors. Goldschmidt Conference, Freifeld, B.; Volk, H.; Perkins, E. 25. Eiserbeck, C.; Grice, K.; Curiale, J. Molecular 52. Jackson, A.M.; White, D.J.; Bolton, M.D. Pore Randolph, M.F. Bucket Foundations for Cologne, Germany, August 2007. on Jack-Up Platform Design, Construction and and Isotope Chronostratography of Tertiary Pressure Effects in Sand and Silt During Pile Perdeuterated Methane as a Novel Tracer in Offshore Oil and Gas Facilities. 6th Operation, City University, London, UK, Source Rocks and Crude Oils. Australian 43. Hallmann, C.; Grice, K.; Van Aarssen, B. Jacking. 2nd International Conference on CO2 Geosequestration. in: Farrimond, P. et International Conference of Offshore Site 2007. Earth Science Convention, Perth, Australia, Origin and Fate of Carboxylic Acids in Crude Foundations, 2008. al. (Eds), 23rd International Meeting on Investigation and Geotechnics, London, 2007. Organic Geochemistry : Book of Abstracts; 17. Chan, E.; John, D.; Bailey, S.; Kinsella, B. July 2008 (submitted). Oils as Reflected in their Stable Carbon 53. Jagadeesh. P.; Murali, K. RANS Prediction of Effect of Corrosion Product Scale on 35. Graham, B.F.; May, E.F.; Hurle, R.L.; Isotopic Composition. 23rd International Torquay, UK: Integrated Geochemical 26. Fourie, A.; Helinski, M.; Fahey, M. Using Free Surface Effects on Drag Coefficient of an Galvanic Carbon Dioxide Corrosion, Edwards, T.J.; Behar, E.; Trengove, R.D. Meeting on Organic Geochemistry, Torquay, Interpretation Ltd., 2007, 713–714. ISBN: Effective Stress Theory to Characterise the Underwater Hull. ICTAM 2008, Adelaide, Corrosion and Prevention 2007, 2007, Paper Multidimensional GC-MS Characterisation UK, September 2007. 2008 (submitted). 978-0-9556551-0-4. Behavior of Backfill. 9th International No. 112. of Stabilising Components in Crude Oil 10. Bosenberg, S.; John, D.; Becker, T.; Bailey, S.; Symposium on Mining with Backfill, Montreal, 44. Helinski, M.; Grice, A.G. Water Management 54. Jagadeesh, P.; Murali, K. On Prediction of Emulsions. 8th International Conference on De Marco, R. Resolving the Structure of 18. Ciz, R.; Saenger, E.H.; Gurevich, B. Micro- Canada, 2007. in Hydraulic Fill Operations. 9th Drag Coefficient for Axisymmetric Petroleum Phase Behaviour and Fouling, Pau, Scale Modelling of Poroelastic Reflection – International Symposium on Mining with Underwater Body Under Deep Submergence Carbon Dioxide Corrosion Inhibitors on 27. Fusetti, L.; Behar, F.; Grice, K.; Derenne, S. Theory vs. Numerical Simulation. Extended France, 10–14 June 2007. Backfill, Montreal, Canada, 2007. Using RANS. 4th Indian National Conference Surfaces, Corrosion and Prevention 2007, Methane and Ethane Generation from Oil abstract for the 68th EAGE Conference and on Harbour and Ocean Engineering, NITK, Sydney NSW, 24–26 November 2007, Paper Cracking: First Isotopic Modelling Based on 36. Grice, K.; Nabbefeld, B.; Maslen, E.; 45. Helinski, M.; Fahey, M.; Fourie, A. An Exhibition, London, 10–14 June 2007. Surathkal, India, 2007, 1, 335–343. No. 113. 13C Labelled Compounds. 23rd International Summons, R.E.; Hays, L.; Twitchett, R.J.; Effective Stress Approach to Modelling Mine 19. Ciz, R.; Sharpiro, S.A.; Saenger, E.H.; Meeting on Organic Geochemistry, Torquay, Turgeon, S.; Algeo, T.; Boettcher, M.E. Backfilling. 9th International Symposium on 55. John, D.; Bailey, S.; De Marco, R.; Kinsella, B. 11. Bowater, A.; Grice, K.; Curiale, J.; Pierce, K.; Flow Dependence of Carbon Dioxide Gurevich, B. Microscale Modelling of UK, September 2007. Significance of Biomarkers for P/T and F/F Mining with Backfill, Montreal, Canada, Alexander, R.; Decker, J.; Van Aarssen, B. Corrosion Rates and the Interference of Trace Temperature-Dependent Reflection from Mass Extinctions. Goldschmidt Conference, 2007. Stable Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopic 28. Galvin, R.; Toms, J.; Gurevich, B. A Simple Poroelastic Interface – Application to Heavy- Cologne, Germany, August 2007. Dissolved Oxygen. Corrosion 2007: NACE, Compositions and Abundances of Oil Reservoirs. 77th Annual International Approximation for Seismic Attenuation and 46. Helinski, M.; Fahey, M.; Fourie, A. Influence 2007, Paper 07315. Angiosperm Biomarkers in Oils and Source Dispersion in a Fluid-Saturated Porous Rock 37. Grochau, M.; Gurevich, B. Investigation of of Tailings Type on Barricade Loads in Meeting: Society of Exploration Geophysics, San 56. John, D.; Kinsella, B.; Bailey, S.; De Marco, R. Rocks from the Deepwater Portion of the with Aligned Fractures. 77th Annual Core Data Reliability to Support Time-Lapse Backfilled Stopes. 10th International Seminar Antonio, 2007. pH Effect of Bicarbonate Formation from Kutei Basin, Indonesia. 23rd International International Meeting: Society of Exploration Interpretation in Campos Basin. 77th Annual on Paste and Thickened Tailings, Perth, 20. Dawson, D.; Maslen, E.; Grice, K.; Carbon Dioxide Corrosion. Corrosion and Meeting on Organic Geochemistry, Torquay, Geophysics, San Antonio, 2007, Expanded International Meeting: Society of Exploration Australia, 2007. Alexander, R.; Edwards, D. Oil-Source Prevention 2007, 2007, Paper No. 114. UK, September 2007. Abstracts, 1679–1683. Geophysics, San Antonio, Brazil, 2007. Correlation in the Vulcan Sub-Basin (Timor 47. Hodder, M.S.; Cassidy M.J. Undrained 57. Jones, C.; Hwan, I.; Zhang, D.-K.; 12. Brajanovski, M.; Müeller, T.M.; Gurevich, B. Sea, Northern Australia): A Combined 29. Gao, C.; Rajeswaran, T.; Nakagawa, E. 38. Gurevich, B.; Ciz, R. A New Rock Physics Response of Pipelines Subjected to Martella, M.; Wu, H. DEM Simulations of the Characterization of Fractured Reservoirs Molecular and Compound Specific δ13C and A Literature Review on Smart Well Model for Sand-Clay Structures with Combined Vertical and Lateral Loading. Effects of Lifters on Solid Mixing in a Using Seismic Wave Attenuation. Extended δD Approach. 23rd International Meeting on Technology. SPE Production and Operations Effective Porosity. Extended abstract for the Proceedings of the 2nd British Geotechnical Rotating Drum. 35th Chemeca 2007, abstract for the 68th EAGE Conference and Organic Geochemistry, Torquay, England, Symposium, Proceedings, Oklahoma City, 68th EAGE Conference and Exhibition, Association International Conference on Melbourne, Victoria, 23–26 September 2007, Exhibition, London, 10–14 June, 2007. September 2007. Oklahoma, USA, 2007, 62–70. London, 1–14 June 2007. Foundations, IHS Press, Dundee, UK, 2008. 537. 38 39 58. Josh, M.; Clennell, B.; Siggins, T.; Banks, R. 67. Lennox, P.G.; Zwingmann, H. Structural 76. Nabbefeld, B.; Grice, K.; Twitchett, R.; 85. Schneider, J.A.; Lehane, B.M.; White, D.J. 94. Tian, Y.; Cassidy, M.J. Explicit and Implicit 103. Wang, D.; Hu, Y. Large Deformation Wideband Electrical/Dielectric Measure- History of the Eastern Lachlan Orogen, New Schimmelmann, A.; Sauer, P. D/H of Mechanisms Affecting the Prediction of Axial Integration Algorithms for an Elastoplastic Analysis of Rectangular Anchors in ments from Millihertz to Gigahertz South Wales. Specialist Group in Tectonics and Kerogen Across the Permian/Triassic (P/Tr) Pile Capacity in Sands. Proceedings of the 6th Pipe-Soil Interaction Macroelement Model. Normally Consolidated Clay. 10th Frequencies. SEG International Exposition and Structural Geology Field Conference, abstract Boundary. Goldschmidt Conference, Cologne, International Conference on Offshore Site Proceedings of the 27th International Australia–New Zealand Geotechnical volume; Alice Springs, 2007, 80. Conference, Brisbane, Australia, (submitted 77th Annual Meeting, Technical Program Germany, August 2007. Investigation and Geotechnics, London, 2007, Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Estoril, Portugal, 2008. 2007). Expanded Abstracts, 24–28 September 2007, 68. Li, F.; Griffiths, C.M.; Weill, P.; Dyt, C.; 367–382. 77. Nabbefeld, B.; Grice, K.; Twitchett, R.; 1701–1705. Oke, P.; Feng, M.; McInnes, K. Climate 95. Tian, Y.; Cassidy, M.J. A Practical Approach 104. White, D.J.; Deeks, A.D. Recent Research Summons, R.; Turgeon, S.; Schimmelmann,.; A 86. Schneider, J.A.; White, D.J.; Kikuchi, Y. Back Change Impact on Seabed Sediment to Numerical Modelling of Pipe-Soil Into the Behaviour of Jacked Piles. 59. Karpfinger, F.; Gurevich, B.; Bakulin, A. Fenton, S.; Bottcher, M.E.; Hays, L. Global Analysis of Tokyo Port Bay Bridge Pipe Pile Deposition in SW Region, Australia. Coasts Proceedings International Workshop on Recent Computing Borehole Modes with Spectral Interaction. Proceedings of the 18th and Local Changes in Abundances and δD Load Tests Using Piezocone Data. Proceedings and Ports 2007, Melbourne, Victoria, 2007. International Offshore and Polar Engineering Advances in Deep Foundations, Yokosuka, Method. 76th Annual International Meeting: and δ13C of Biomarkers Across the Permian- International Workshop on Recent Advances in Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 2008. Japan, 2007, 3–26 [Invited keynote lecture]. Society of Exploration Geophysics, New 69. Low, H.E.; Randolph, M.F.; Kelleher, P. Triassic Boundary. 23rd International Meeting Deep Foundations, Yokosuka, Japan, 2007, Orleans, 2007. Estimation of In-Situ Coefficient of 96. Trebble, M.A. Facility Design for Coselle 105. White, D.J.; Randolph, M.F. Seabed on Organic Geochemistry, Torquay, UK, 183–194. Consolidation from Dissipation Tests With Based CNG Transport, Chemeca, Melbourne, Characterisation and Models for Pipeline- 60. Karpfinger, F.; Gurevich, B.; Bakulin, A. September 2007. Different Penetrometers. 6th International 87. Senders, M.; Randolph, M.F.; Gaudin, C. Australia, 2007. Soil Interaction. Proceedings 17th Modeling of Borehole Modes Using the Conference on Offshore Site Investigation and 78. Ngu, L.; Wu, H.; Zhang, D.-K. Theory for the Installation of Suction International Offshore and Polar Engineering 97. Toms, J.; Gurevich, B.; Müeller, T.M.; Spectral Method. Extended abstract for the Geotechnics, Society for Underwater Characterisation of Cenospheres in Fly Ash Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, 2007, 11 Caissons in Sand Overlaid by Clay. 6th Johnson, D.L. Acoustics of Random Patchy 68th EAGE Conference and Exhibition, Technology, London, UK, 2007. from Australian Power Stations. 6th Asia- [Invited keynote lecture]. International Conference of Offshore Site Saturation. Extended abstract for the 68th London, 10–14 June, 2007. Pacific Conference on Combustion, Nagoya, 70. Makarynska, D.; Gurevich, B.; Ciz, R. Finite Investigation and Geotechnics, Society for EAGE Conference and Exhibition, London, UK, 106. Widiastuti, N.; Wu, H.; Ang, M.; Zhang, D.-K. Japan, 20–23 May 2007. 61. Kedge, C.J.; Trebble, M.A. Excess Free Energy Element Modelling of Gassmann Fluid Underwater Technology, London, 10–14 June 2007. Preparation and FTIR Study of Organo- Mixing Rules for the BWR Equation of State. Substitution of Heterogeneous Rocks. 79. Oerlemans, K.; May, E.F.; Hurle, R.L. Pilot (submitted 2007). Zeolite for the Removal of Phosphate in 98. Toms, J.; Müeller, T.M.; Gurevich, B. 11th International Conference on Properties and Extended abstract for the 68th EAGE Greywater. The Proceedings, 35th Chemeca Online Learning in Engineering Education. Modelling P-Wave Velocities from X-Ray Fluid Phase Equilibria for Product and Process Conference and Exhibition, London, 10–14 88. Song, Z.; Hu, Y. Suction Embedded Plate 2007, Melbourne, Victoria, 23–26 AARE International Education Research Tomographic Images of Partially Saturated Design, Crete, Greece, May 20–25, 2007. June 2007. Anchor Tests in Centrifuge. 10th September 2007, 770. Conference, Fremantle, WA, Australia, 26–29 Porous Rock. Extended abstract for the 68th 71. Maslen, E.; Grice, K.; Dawson, D.; Australia–New Zealand Geotechnical 62. Kim, J.S.; Hong, J.I.; Oh, H.S.; Colwill, R.; November 2007. EAGE Conference and Exhibition, London, 107. Woods, A.J.; Rourke, T. The Compatibility of Horsfield, B. Hydrogen Exchange of Conference, Brisbane, Australia, (submitted Gaudin, C. Ship Impact Protection Design 10–14 June 2007. Consumer DLP Projectors with Time- Saturated Hydrocarbons and Isometrisation/ 80. Pierce, K.; Alexander, R.; Grice, K.; Kagi, R. 2007). for Gwangyang Bridge. 4th International Sequential Stereoscopic 3D Visualisation. Transalkylation Processes of Aromatic The Occurrence of Alkylcyclopentanes in 99. Vangala, C.; Rafty, A.; May, E.F.; May, P.M. Conference on Asian and Pacific Coast, 89. Song, Z.; Hu, Y.; Gaudin, C. The Influence of Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XVIII, Hydrocarbons Based on δ13C and δD from Torbanites. 23rd International Meeting on Electrical Conductivity Measurements of Nanjing, China, 2007 (submitted). Disturbed Zone on Capacity of Suction San Jose, California, January 2007. the Upper Devonian Duvernay Formation Organic Geochemistry, Torquay, UK, Process Fluids Using Re-Entrant Microwave Embedded Plate Anchors. 17th International 108. Yani, S.; Zhang, D.-K. An Experimental 63. Kimiaei, M. Sensitivity Study on Nonlinear (Western Canada), 23rd International Meeting September 2007. Resonators. 30th International Conference on Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Study of the Decomposition of Pyrite in a Seismic Response of Offshore Jackets Due to on Organic Geochemistry, Torquay, UK, Solution Chemistry, Perth, WA, Australia, 81. Rakshit, D.; Repalle, N.; Putta, J.; Lignite During Pyrolysis. The Proceedings, Different Earthquake Events. 26th September 2007. Lisbon, Portugal, (submitted). 16–20 July 2007. Thiagarajan, K. Impact of Filling Level on 35th CHEMECA, Melbourne, September International Conference on Offshore Mechanics 72. Merifield, R.S.; Randolph, M.F.; White, D.J. 90. Stalker, L.; Wood, S.; Leech, D. Hydrocarbon 100. Vitzthum von Eckstaedt, C.; Grice, K.; Liquid Sloshing in Marine Tanks: A 2007, 676. and Arctic Engineering, San Diego, California, The Effect of Pipe-Soil Interface Conditions and Non-Hydrocarbon Gases of Papua New Ioppolo-Armanios, M.; Jones, M.; Wang, S. Numerical Study. Proceedings of the 27th 109. Yip, K.; Wu, H.; Zhang, D.-K. The Effect of USA, 2007, Conference Proceedings, Paper on Undrained Breakout Resistance of Guinea. in: Farrimond, P. et al. (Eds) Sourcing VOCs in Industrial Emissions by International Conference on Offshore Mechanics No. OMAE2007-29432. Inherent Coal Moisture during Pyrolysis of Partially-Embedded Pipelines. International 23rd International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry: Compound Specific Isotope Analysis. 23rd and Arctic Engineering, Portugal, 2008, Conference on Advances in Computer Methods International Meeting on Organic Collie Coal due to Gasification by In-Situ 64. Kimiaei, M. Sensitivity Study on Pendulous Book of Abstracts; Torquay, UK: Integrated and Analysis in Geomechanics, 2008. (submitted). Steam. 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Geochemical Interpretation Ltd., 2007, Geochemistry, Torquay, UK, September 2007. Installation Method for Deployment of Combustion, Nagoya, Japan, 20–23 May 73. Miri, R.; Sampaio, J.; Lourenco, A.M.F. 82. Randolph, M.F.; Low, H.E.; Zhou, H. In-Situ Subsea Modules. 27th International 345–346. ISBN: 978-0-9556551-0-4. 101. Vlahos, G.; Cassidy, M.J. Implementation of 2007. Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Development of Artificial Neural Networks Testing for Design of Pipeline and Anchoring a Force-Resultant Model Describing 91. Stephan, A.; Trevelyan, J.P. Accounting for 110. Yu, Y.; Bartle, J.; Wu, H. Modelling of Engineering, Portugal, 2008, Paper No. to Predict Differential Pipe Sticking in Systems. 6th International Conference of Spudcan Load–Displacement Behaviour Maintenance: Is There a Gap? ICOMS 2007: Production and Transport of Mallee OMAE2008-75665, (abstract accepted). Iranian Offshore Oilfields. International Oil Offshore Site Investigation and Geotechnics, Using an Implicit Integration Scheme. Maintenance Engineering Society of Biomass in Western Australia. Bioenergy Conference and Exhibition in Mexico; Veracruz, Society for Underwater Technology, London, Proceedings of the 18th International Offshore 65. Kimiaei, M.; Khosroshahli, A. Dynamic Australia 2007 Conference, Surfers Paradise, Mexico, 2007, SPE 108500. UK, 2007. Australia, Melbourne, 2007. and Polar Engineering Conference, Vancouver, Amplification Factors in Lifting Operations Queensland 26–28 November 2007. 74. Moldover, M.R.; Schmidt, J.W.; Gavioso, R.; 92. Taenaka, S.; White, D.J.; Randolph, M.F.; Canada, 2008. for Installation of a Subsea Spool. Marine 83. Repalle, N.; Rakshit, D.; Putta, J.; May, E.F. Primary Refractive Index Nakayama, H. The Effect of Cross-Sectional 111. Yu, Y.; Lou, X.; Wu, H. Biomass Hydrolysis Operations Specialty Symposium, Singapore, Thiagarajan, K. Parametric Impact of Non- 102. Volk, H.; George, S.C.; Kempton, R.H.; Thermometry Using a Quasi-Spherical for Sugar Recovery: a Review. Chemeca 2007, 2008, Paper 13, (accepted for Dimensional Analysis on Thermo-Fluid Shape on the Axial Capacity of Displacement Liu, K.; Ahmed, M.; Ambrose, G.J. Microwave Cavity. TEMPMEKO 2007, Lake Melbourne, Victoria, 23–26 September publication/presentation). Study of Liquid Sloshing. ICTAM 2008, Piles in Sand. 2nd International Conference on Petroleum Migration in the Georgina Basin: Louise, Alberta, Canada, 21–25 May 2007. 2007. Adelaide, 2008, (submitted). Foundations, 2008. Evidence from the Geochemistry of Oil 66. Langhi, L.; Gartell, A.P.; Strand, J. Faults 75. Mueller, T.M.; Toms, J.; Quiroga-Goode, G. Inclusions and Bitumens. In: Munson, T.J.; 112. Yu, Y.; Lou, X.; Wu, H. Hydrolysis of 93. Teh, K.L.; Leung, C.F.; Chow, Y.K.; Kinematic Analysis and 3D Characterisation Velocity-Saturation Relation for Rocks with 84. Rossiter, A.; Freij, S.; Zhang, D.-K. An In-Situ Ambrose, G.J. 2007. Proceedings of the Biomass in Hot-Compressed Water and its of Re-Migration Seismic Features: Two Key Fractal Distribution of the Pore Fluids. Optical Microscopic Study of Sodium Nitrate Cassidy, M.J.; Foo, K.S. Miniature Central Australian Basins Symposium, Alice Comparisons with Other Hydrolysis Elements to Assess and Predict Fault Seal Extended abstract for the 68th EAGE Crystallisation. The Proceedings, 35th Penetrometers Responses in Sand Overlying Springs, 16–18 August, 2005. Northern Methods. Bioenergy Outlook 2007: Issues, Integrity Within Reactivated Areas. AAPG Conference and Exhibition, London, 10–14 CHEMECA, Melbourne, September 2007, Clay. 16th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Territory Geological Survey, Special Advances and Opportunities in Biomass Energy, International, Athens, Greece, 2007, Abstract. June 2007. 272. Conference, Subang Jaya, Malaysia, 2007. Publication 2 (preliminary edition); 2007. Singapore, 25–26 April 2007. 40 41 113. Yu, Y.; Wu, H. Economic Viability of Articles and Newsletters: 6. White, D.J.; Cheuk, C.Y. Centrifuge 5. John, D. Corrosion Inhibitor Evaluation for Ethanol Production from Mallee Biomass in Modelling of Pipeline Lay Effects and Use in the Woollybutt Oil Field. For 1. Woods, A.J. Korea International Broadcast, Western Australia. Chemeca 2007, Thermal Sweeping in Angolan and Kaolin Australian FPSO Management, 2007. Melbourne, Victoria, 23–26 September Audio and Lighting Equipment Show. 3rd Clays. UWA report GEO 07410, 2007, 100pp. 2007. Dimension Newsletter, June 2007. 6. John, D. Corrosion Investigation of Solahart 7. White, D.J.; Dingle, H.R.C.; Gaudin, C. Black Chrome Collector Panels. For Solahart 114. Zhou, H.; Randolph, M.F. Effect of Caisson- 2. Woods, A.J. Samsung Stereoscopic HDTVs – SAFEBUCK JIP Phase II: Centrifuge Industries Pty Ltd, 2007. Tip Geometry on Flow Pattern of Soil Plug. More Information. 3rd Dimension Newsletter, 6th International Conference Offshore Site Modelling of Pipe-Soil Interaction: Factual June 2007. 7. John, D. Corrosion Performance of Stainless Investigation and Geotechnics, Society for Report. Report to Boreas Consultants Steel Tubing for Use in Deep Gas Well Underwater Technology, London, UK, 3. Woods, A.J. Samsung Releases Stereoscopic (SAFEBUCK JIP), ref. UWA report GEO Environments. For Woodside Energy (accepted 2007). DLP HDTVs. 3rd Dimension Newsletter, April 07396, 2007, 57pp. Limited, 2007. 115. Zhou, H.; White, D.J.; Randolph, M.F. 2007. 6. White, D. Site Characterisation and Models 8. White, D.J.; Gaudin, C. Pluto Pipe-Soil 8. John, D. Effectiveness of an Oil Layer in Physical and Numerical Simulation of for Pipeline-Soil Interaction. International 4. Woods, A.J. Stereoscopic Displays and Interaction Investigation: Stage 1. Report to Reducing Oxygen Corrosion in the D Annuli. Shallow Penetration of a Cylindrical Object Symposium on Offshore and Polar Engineering, Applications Conference XVIII. 3rd Woodside Energy Ltd / JP Kenny ref. UWA Into Soft Clay. Proceedings ASCE For Woodside Energy Ltd, 2007. report GEO 07400v5, 2007, 113pp. Lisbon, Portugal, 2007, (invited keynote GeoCongress 2008, New Orleans [Invited Dimension Newsletter, March 2007. 9. John, D. Persistency of Carbon Dioxide lecture). paper], 2008. 5. Woods, A.J. The Theory of Stereoscopic 9. White, D.J.; Gaudin C. Pluto Pipe-Soil Corrosion Inhibitors. For Baker Petrolite, 7. White, D. Recent Research into the 116. Zhu, X.Q.; Hao, H. Dynamic Assessment of Transmission. 3rd Dimension Newsletter, Interaction Investigation: Stage 2. Report to 2007. Behaviour of Jacked Piles. International Undersea Pipeline Bedding Condition. January 2007. Woodside Energy Ltd / JP Kenny ref. UWA 10. Karvinen, K.S.; Woods, A.J. The Workshop on Advances in Deep Foundations, SPIE: Smart Structures and Materials and report GEO 07410v1, 2007, 150pp. Compatibility of Plasma Displays with Non-Destructive Evaluation and Health 6. Wu, H.; Ewing, M.; Bartle, J. Biofuels from Tokyo, Japan, 2007, (invited keynote lecture, 10. White, D.J.; Gaudin, C. Browse LNG Monitoring, San Diego, California, USA, Woody Crops Offer a Secure and Affordable Stereoscopic Visualisation for iVEC and invited summary presentation as 2008. Transport Route. South East NSW Private Development Phase 2C: Centrifuge internship, CMST Technical Report #2007-04 Conference Rapporteur). Modelling of Cone Penetration Tests. Report 2007. 117. Zhu, X.Q.; Hao, H.; Peng, X.L. Dynamic Forestry Newsletter, May 2007. 8. Woods, A.J. The Evolution of Stereoscopic to WorleyParsons and Woodside Energy Ltd. Assessment of Underwater Pipeline Systems 11. Kimiaei, M.; Halkyard, J. Preliminary Displays in the Home, at International 7. Wu, H. Opportunities for Mallee Biomass. UWA report GEO 07422, 2007, 21pp. Using Finite Element Model Updating. 2nd Discussion on Deployment of a Dead Workshop on 3D Video Technology, Ultra Avongro Newsletter, Autumn 2007. International Conference on Structural 11. Woods, A.J. CMST Technical Report Weight Anchor Using Pendulous Motion Realistic Communications Forum (URCF), Condition Assessment, Monitoring and #2007–06. For Welaptega Marine Ltd, 2007. Concept, 2007. Tokyo, Japan, December 2007, (invited Improvement, Changsha, China, 2007. Restricted Project Reports: speaker). 12. May, E.F.; Chauhan, A.S. Literature Review: 118. Zhu, X.Q.; Hao, H.; Peng, X.L. An 1. Bolton, M.D.; Ganesan, S.A.; White, D.J. Industry Reports: Multi-Phase Flow Meters. For BHPBilliton, 9. Woods, A.J. R&D Activities on 3D Experimental Study of Structure Modal SAFEBUCK Phase II: Lateral Pipe-Soil February 2007. Information Technologies in Australia, in Properties in Different Operational 1. Bhattarai, B.; Cassidy, M.J.; Zhou, H.; Interaction Testing in the Minidrum Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop Environments. 2nd International Conference Bearman, C.; Hunt, K.; Waters, L. Pluto on 3D Information Technology, 4(1), Seoul, on Structural Condition Assessment, Centrifuge. Report for Boreas Consultants Project Laboratory Testing. Geo: 07409, Invited Plenary Speeches/Presentations: South Korea, May 2007, (invited speaker). Monitoring and Improvement, Ren, W.X.; (SAFEBUCK JIP), ref. SC-CUTS-0702-R00, Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems, 1. Grice, K.; Nabbefeld, B.; Maslen, E.; Hao, H.; Zhu, X.Q. (Eds), 2007, 1055–1061. 2007, 78pp. The University of Western Australia, 2007. Summons, R.E.; Hays, L.; Twitchett, R.J.; 119. Zhu, X.Q.; Hao, H.; Peng, X.L.; Cheng, L. 2. Li, F.; Griffiths, C.M.; Weill, P.; Dyt, C. 2. Cassidy, M.J.; Tian, Y. Technical Note on Turgeon, S.; Algeo, T.; Boettcher, M.E. Dynamic Assessment of Underwater Modelled Seabed Response to Possible Pipesoil Data Interaction Model Testing. Geo: Significance of Biomarkers for P/T and F/F Pipeline Systems using Finite Element Climate Change Scenarios Over the Next 50 07401, Centre for Offshore Foundation Mass Extinctions. Goldschmidt Conference, Model Updating. 2nd International Systems, The University of Western Australia, August 2007, Cologne, Germany (Grice, K. Conference on Structural Condition Years in the Australian Southwest. Bentley, to Gorgon Upstream Joint Venture (GUJV- invited plenary). Assessment, Monitoring and Improvement, Perth; 2007; 2007-01. (CSIRO Petroleum 100-61), 2007. Ren, W.X.; Hao, H.; Zhu, X.Q. (Eds), 2007, Open File Report 07-001). 2. White, D. 4th International Conference on 663–669. 3. Gaudin, C.; Cassidy, M.J. Feasibility and Bored and Auger Piles, Ghent, Belgium, 3. Peng, X.L.; Hao, H.; Zhu, X.Q. Technical 120. Zwingmann, H.; Mancktelow, N.; Antognini, M.; Performance of a Hybrid Foundation System 2008, (invited panellist in special session: Report: Offshore Structure Condition- Raffaele Lucchini, R. Illite K-Ar Ages from (Stage 1): Testing Specification Report to academic-practitioner forum). Clay Fault Gouges, AlpTransit Tunnel, Monitoring Using Vibration Measurement. Keppel Offshore and Maritime Limited. Geo: 3. White, D. GeoCongress, New Orleans, USA, Ticino, Switzerland. 8th Workshop on Alpine For CIEAM project, February, 2007. 07401, Centre for Offshore Foundation 2008, (invited panellist in special session on Geological Studies, Abstract volume, Systems, The University of Western Australia, 4. Richard, T. Directional Drilling – A Literature image analysis and visualisation in Congress Center, Davos, Switzerland, 2007, 2007. 95. Review. Bentley, Perth; 2007; 2007-02. geotechnics). (CSIRO Petroleum Open File Report 07- 4. Gaudin, C.; Landon, M.M.; Cassidy, M.J. 121. Zwingmann, H.; Nelson, D.R. Timing of 4. White, D. Modelling of Pipe-Soil Interaction. 002). Feasibility and Performance of a Hybrid Illite Authigenesis in Well Empress-1A, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Foundation System (Stage 2): Test Results Officer Basin, Western Australia. In: Munson, 5. White, D.J. Greater Plutonio: Pipe-Soil 2007, (invited lecture). T.J. and Ambrose, G.J. 2007.Proceedings of the and Interpretation Report to Keppel Interaction: Review of Bin 3 Large-Scale Central Australian Basins Symposium, Alice Offshore and Maritime Technology Centre 5. White, D. Geotechnical Observations Springs, 16–18th August, 2005. Northern Lateral Tests at NGI. Report to Boreas Limited. Geo: 07427, Centre for Offshore Through Image Analysis. Port and Airports Territory Geological Survey, Special Consultants and BP, ref. SC-CUTS-0701-R00, Foundation Systems, The University of Research Institute, Yokosuka, Japan, 2007, Publication 2 (preliminary edition); 2007. 2007, 54pp. Western Australia, 2007. (invited lecture). 42 43 Acronyms and Abbreviations

AES:WA The Western Australian Alliance for Advanced Energy Solutions ARC Australian Research Council ARRC Australian Resources Research Centre ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials CCSP The Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship’s Collaboration Cluster on Subsea Pipelines CMST Centre for Marine Science and Technology CNG Compressed Natural Gas COFS Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems CSEM Controlled Source Electromagnetic CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation CTL Coal-To-Liquids Curtin Curtin University of Technology EAG Executive Advisory Group GC Gas Chromatography GTC Global Technology Centre GTL Gas-To-Liquids HPLC High Pressure Liquid Chromatography IAG Industry Advisory Group ISOPE International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineering LNG Liquefied Natural Gas MRF Major Research Facility MS Mass Spectrometry NATA National Association of Testing Authorities NGCS Natural Gas Conversion Symposium OGICC Oil and Gas Industry Coordinating Council (WA) QIBEBT Qingdao Institute of Biomass Energy and Bioprocessing Technology R2D3 Research to Discover, Develop and Deploy energy solutions for a sustainable future UWA The University of Western Australia VLE Vapour-Liquid Equilibria WA:ERA Western Australian Energy Research Alliance Written and produced by Dr Kitty Drok at Transmogrify WACRG Western Australian Corrosion Research Group Layout and design by Ms Lauren Wilhelm at Designmine Graphics kindly supplied by Woodside Energy Ltd and staff and students of WA:ERA 44 Office Australian Resources Research Centre 26 Dick Perry Avenue Kensington WA 6151 Australia Postal PO Box 1130 Bentley WA 6102 Australia Telephone +61 8 6436 8782 Fax +61 8 6436 6005 Email [email protected] Web www.waera.com.au