DOCSLIB.ORG

Using Generic Software Components for Safety-Critical Embedded Systems – an Engineering Framework

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Using Generic Software Components for Safety-Critical Embedded Systems – an Engineering Framework Using Generic Software Components for Safety-Critical Embedded Systems – An Engineering Framework Felix Bräunling, Robert Hilbrich, Simon Wegener, Isabella Stilkerich, Daniel Kästner To cite this version: Felix Bräunling, Robert Hilbrich, Simon Wegener, Isabella Stilkerich, Daniel Kästner. Using Generic Software Components for Safety-Critical Embedded Systems – An Engineering Framework. 10th European Congress on Embedded Real Time Software and Systems (ERTS 2020), Jan 2020, Toulouse, France. hal-02479141 HAL Id: hal-02479141 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02479141 Submitted on 14 Feb 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Using Generic Software Components for Safety-Critical Embedded Systems – An Engineering Framework Felix Braunling¨ ,∗ Robert Hilbrich,y Simon Wegener,z Isabella Stilkerich,x and Daniel Kastner¨ z Abstract units. In order to tap their potential and maximize resource utilization, software components have to be Modern software development in the automotive do- tightly integrated and optimized specifically for each main would be unthinkable without leveraging reusable hardware platform. This optimization step is referred software components. Such generic software compo- to as adaptation and often conducted manually. nents have to be configured and tailored for each specific With more software components sharing common re- target application. Nowadays, complexity has reached sources of a microcontroller, ensuring their isolation a point where developing generic software components against undesired interferences is essential in order to and manually adapting each component for each variant maintain the reliability and safety of the system. There- in the product family is error-prone and no longer eco- fore, the adaptation needs to ensure isolation between nomically feasible. In this article we propose an engi- tightly integrated software components. This can be neering framework for automated adaptation of generic achieved by controlling access to both memory and CPU software components which focuses on temporal and time, thereby supporting error containment. spatial integrity. The framework is built around a generic methodology and leverages specialized software 1.1 Problem Statement tools to determine an allocation of software components to the resources of an embedded system and to ensure Software engineering for safety-critical embedded sys- memory integrity. We use a quadcopter example, ex- tems is currently conducted in a “per-project” fashion. ecuted on the Infineon AURIXTM TC277 processor un- Depending on the setup of the system architecture in der the AUTOSAR operating system to illustrate our ap- different projects, it may be necessary to distribute soft- proach. ware components across a network of microcontrollers or to run them on different microcontroller derivatives. 1 Introduction Unfortunately, due to the complexity and the lack of proper engineering tools, software components are of- Safety-critical embedded systems represent a special ten developed specifically to match the requirements of class of computerized control systems. The interplay a particular project. They are allocated manually to of their software and hardware parts realizes complex the resources in the system’s hardware architecture and functions, such as engine control or vehicular guid- adapted manually to make best use of the capabilities of ance. Undetected errors in the implementation of a the microcontrollers. Especially for safety-critical sys- function may jeopardize human lives, hence the addi- tems, ensuring an isolated execution of software com- tional attribute safety-critical. Implementing the nec- ponents requires additional configuration and analysis essary software correctly, satisfying all safety require- steps which are specific to the microcontroller and thus ments and maximizing hardware resource utilization in often conducted manually as well. a cost-sensitive and competitive market poses a sig- While the “per-project” approach may be sufficient nificant challenge for established software engineering for a small number of projects, it still requires a lot methods and tools. of manual effort and reduces the reusability of soft- A recent example for the increasing capabilities of mi- ware components. With more and more control func- crocontrollers are embedded multicore processors con- tions in safety-critical devices being implemented in taining multiple and possibly heterogeneous execution software, the need for reusability and adaptability for different hardware platforms increases, which renders ∗Felix Braunling¨ is with Method Park Engineering Gmbh, Ger- many [email protected] the “per-project” approach no longer economically sus- yRobert Hilbrich is with Deutsches Zentrum fur¨ Luft- und Raum- tainable. The question arises, how software components fahrt e.V. (DLR), Germany [email protected] for safety-critical embedded systems can be developed zSimon Wegener and Daniel Kastner¨ are with Ab- in a generic and reusable way, so that they can be used in sInt Angewandte Informatik, Germany fswegener, [email protected] multiple projects, but without reducing resource utiliza- xIsabella Stilkerich is with Schaeffler Technologies AG, Germany tion or jeopardizing their isolation properties and mem- [email protected] ory safety. 1 1.2 General Approach 2 Conceptual Overview The authors argue that the level of reusability can be Figure1 depicts the simplified workflow of our frame- significantly improved with a model-based development work. It is based on the idea of a strictly top-down en- of generic software components in combination with an gineering approach combined with the correctness by automated adaptation toolkit to handle project-specific construction methodology [8] and supports the engineer hardware properties and safety requirements. by automating the synthesis and validation of crucial en- gineering artifacts. In general, software components are concerned with Based on a model of the functional architecture, the the implementation of specific features of the system. systems engineer creates a model of the envisioned By using abstraction layers, they can be developed in system architecture. This model contains a selection a platform agnostic manner and organized as a library of generic software components from a library and a of generic software components for later use in mul- project-specific hardware platform. The feasibility of tiple projects. As a result of adopting a formalized the chosen hardware platform with respect to the tech- and model-based development approach, these generic nical and safety-related requirements of the particular functions can be automatically tailored and adapted to project can be automatically validated by constructing a the specific requirements of a project. In particular, deployment for the selected software components (see this approach facilitates automated software deployment Section6). If a valid deployment cannot be found, ei- in combination with automated platform-specific code ther the hardware platform or the selection of software generation as well as automated configuration and vali- components need to be modified. Then, sound seman- dation of isolation properties. This “feature-based” soft- tic code analysis is applied to all software code to en- ware development is not entirely new [3,5]. However, sure sufficient isolation and memory protection, both of the authors believe that the state of practice and the ca- which are essential to ensure the correctness of the sys- pabilities of available tools for this purpose have not tem (see Section7). Finally, data and code of software yet reached the level of maturity needed for the devel- components are automatically mapped to the isolation opment of multi-platform safety-critical embedded sys- partitions of their microcontroller (see Section8). tems. The essential parts of the framework are described in more detail in the next sections. However, this paper is 1.3 Contribution not intended to provide a thorough and detailed descrip- tion for each of the tools used in the framework. Instead In this paper, the authors present the results of the de- it focuses on their contribution for an automated devel- velopment of an engineering framework aiding system opment process based on generic software components. architects and software engineers. Software for embed- ded systems relies on mature development tools in or- 3 I4Copter der to cope with complexity and to satisfy all (safety) To illustrate our approach, we will use the I4Copter requirements. Therefore, the framework combines and flight controller as an overarching example. The extends the tools ASSIST, Astree´ and cAMP. By provid- I4Copter is a research project developing a quadcopter ing interoperability between these tools and enhancing as an example for hard real-time systems and control them with new functionality, the framework is able to systems [37, 36]. While the quadcopter software was automate the integration and tailoring
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Easychair Preprint Machine Learning Algorithm for Assessing Reusability
    EasyChair Preprint № 4142 Machine Learning Algorithm for Assessing Reusability in Component Based Software Development Pooja Negi and Umesh Kumar Tiwari EasyChair preprints are intended for rapid dissemination of research results and are integrated with the rest of EasyChair. September 7, 2020 MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM FOR ASSESING REUSABILITY IN COMPONENT BASED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 1Pooja Negi, 2Umesh Kumar Tiwari 1,2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun [email protected], 2 [email protected] Abstract- Software reusability has been present for several decades. Software reusability is defined as making new software from existing one. Objects that can be reused: design, code, software framework. We reviewed several approaches in this dissertation, i.e. object-oriented metrics, coupling factor, etc., by which the software's reusability increases. Therefore this thesis analysis on how to classify and reuse the program using those metrics and apply the algorithm of machine learning. In this thesis we test open source software and generate a ck metric of that source code then a machine learning algorithm will process the data using weka tool to give the result. We test coefficient of correlation, mean absolute error, root mean square error, relative absolute error and root relative square error less the program would be better from this we get 98.64 accuracy on online examination system software. Keywords- Reusability, Machine Learning Algorithm, Random Forest, ck-metric. 1. Introduction In today’s world every sector of service or industry is dependent on computer based application. Industry which develops and outsources the software service is major and growing rapidly in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Quality-Based Software Reuse
    Quality-Based Software Reuse Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado Leite1, Yijun Yu2, Lin Liu3, Eric S. K. Yu2, John Mylopoulos2 1Departmento de Informatica, Pontif´ıcia Universidade Catolica´ do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brasil 2Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, M5S 3E4 Canada 3School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China Abstract. Work in software reuse focuses on reusing artifacts. In this context, finding a reusable artifact is driven by a desired functionality. This paper proposes a change to this common view. We argue that it is possible and necessary to also look at reuse from a non-functional (quality) perspective. Combining ideas from reuse, from goal-oriented requirements, from aspect-oriented programming and quality management, we obtain a goal-driven process to enable the quality-based reusability. 1 Introduction Software reuse has been a lofty goal for Software Engineering (SE) research and prac- tice, as a means to reduced development costs1 and improved quality. The past decade has seen considerable progress in fulfilling this goal, both with respect to research ideas and industrial practices (e.g., [1–3]). Current reuse techniques focus on the reuse of software artifacts on the basis of de- sired functionality. However, non-functional properties (qualities) of a software system are also crucial. Systems fail because of inadequate performance, security, reliability, usability, or precision, to name a few. Quality concerns, therefore, should also be front and centre in methods for software reuse. For example, in designing for the NASA Mars Spirit spacecraft, one would not adopt a “cosine” function from an arbitrary mathemat- ical library.
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptability Evaluation at Software Architecture Level Pentti Tarvainen*
    The Open Software Engineering Journal, 2008, 2, 1-30 1 Open Access Adaptability Evaluation at Software Architecture Level Pentti Tarvainen* VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kaitoväylä 1, P.O. Box 1100, FIN-90571 Oulu, Finland Abstract: Quality of software is one of the major issues in software intensive systems and it is important to analyze it as early as possible. An increasingly important quality attribute of complex software systems is adaptability. Software archi- tecture for adaptive software systems should be flexible enough to allow components to change their behaviors depending upon the environmental and stakeholders' changes and goals of the system. Evaluating adaptability at software architec- ture level to identify the weaknesses of the architecture and further to improve adaptability of the architecture are very important tasks for software architects today. Our contribution is an Adaptability Evaluation Method (AEM) that defines, before system implementation, how adaptability requirements can be negotiated and mapped to the architecture, how they can be represented in architectural models, and how the architecture can be evaluated and analyzed in order to validate whether or not the requirements are met. AEM fills the gap from requirements engineering to evaluation and provides an approach for adaptability evaluation at the software architecture level. In this paper AEM is described and validated with a real-world wireless environment control system. Furthermore, adaptability aspects, role of quality attributes, and diversity of adaptability definitions at software architecture level are discussed. Keywords: Adaptability, adaptation, adaptive software architecture, software quality, software quality attribute. INTRODUCTION understand the system [6]. Examples of design decisions are the decisions such as “we shall separate user interface from Today, quality of a software system plays an increasingly the rest of the application to make both user interface and important role in the domain of software engineering.
    [Show full text]
  • Turning FAIR Data Into Reality
    Final Report and Action Plan from the European Commission Expert Group on FAIR Data TURNING FAIR INTO REALITY Research and Innovation 2018 Turning FAIR into reality European Commission Directorate General for Research and Innovation Directorate B – Open Innovation and Open Science Unit B2 – Open Science Contact Athanasios Karalopoulos E-mail [email protected] [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels Manuscript completed in November 2018. This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2018 Print ISBN 978-92-79-96547-0 doi:10.2777/54599 KI-06-18-206-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-79-96546-3 doi: 10.2777/1524 KI-06-18-206-EN-N © European Union, 2018. Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. The Expert Group operates in full autonomy and transparency. The views and recommendations in this report are those of the Expert Group members acting in their personal capacities and do not necessarily represent the opinions of the European Commission or any other body; nor do they commit the Commission to implement them.
    [Show full text]
  • Software Maintainability and Reusability Using Cohesion Metrics
    International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) – Volume 54 Issue 2-December2017 Software Maintainability and Reusability using Cohesion Metrics Adekola, O.D#1, Idowu, S.A*2, Okolie, S.O#3, Joshua, J.V#4, Akinsanya, A.O*5, Eze, M.O#6, EbiesuwaSeun#7 #1Faculty, Computer Science Department, Babcock University,Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria *2Faculty, Computer Science Department, Babcock University,Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria #3Faculty, Computer Science Department, Babcock University,Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria #4Faculty, Computer Science Department, Babcock University,Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria *5Faculty, Computer Science Department, Babcock University,Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria #6Faculty, Computer Science Department, Babcock University,Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria #7Faculty, Computer Science Department, Babcock University,Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria Abstract - Among others, remarkable external software’s lifetime. Ahn et al., (2003) estimated that quality attributes of interest to software practitioners/ maintenance takes up to 80% of the total costof engineers include testability, maintainability and producing software applications. Expectation of reusability.Software engineers still combat achieving more reliable, quicker time-to-market and softwarecrisis and even chronic software affliction maintainable systems. A lot of research has gone into not because there is no standardized software the areas of software reuse and maintenance due to development process but because enough attention is the fact that these among other issues concern not given to seemingly insignificant but crucial intimately system developers/architects/engineers details of internal design attributes such as cohesion rather than end-users. Therehas been enormous and coupling especially in object-oriented systems. growth in software reuse research from the days of Consequently, the aftermath is increased structured programming concepts to object-oriented maintenance cost, effort and time which negatively methods and beyond (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Software Reusability: Approaches and Challenges
    International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) |Volume VI, Issue V, May 2021|ISSN 2454-6194 Software Reusability: Approaches and Challenges Moko Anasuodei1, Ojekudo, Nathaniel Akpofure2 1Department of Computer Science and Informatics, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Nigeria 2Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Nigeria Abstract: Software reuse is used to aid the software phases. Software engineering has been more centered on development process which in recent times can improve the original development which gives an optimal software at a resulting quality and productivity of software development, by faster and less costly price, a design process based on assisting software engineers throughout various software systemic reusable is now recognized. engineering phases to enhance the quality of software, provide quick turnaround time for software development using few Software reuse reduces efforts and cost, because software people, tools, and methods, which creates a good software development costs can be extremely high, but they are quality by enhancing integration of the software system to shared, such that the cost of reuse can be extremely low. provide a competitive advantage. This paper examines the One major advantage of software reuse suggested by concept of software reuse, the approaches to be considered for keswani et al (2014) explains that there is a significant need software reuse, which is broadly shared into three categories: component-based software reuse, domain engineering and for the number of bugs to be reduced during software software product lines, architecture-based software reuse and development process, such that instead of developing an challenges that affect the software reuse development process.
    [Show full text]
  • Is It Transferrable? Information's Reusability, Adaptability, And
    Is it Transferrable? Information’s Reusability, Adaptability, and Transportability through SCORM Macarena Aspillaga, Ph.D. VSD Corporation Lane, Suite 200 Virginia Beach, VA 23462 Abstract The need for the sharable content object reference model (SCORM) to decrease the size of its shareable content object (SCO) is evident, especially since the introduction of Web 2.0 environments and new delivery systems. If SCORM is to be part of these emerging technologies, it needs to decrease its SCO size to the activity level to allow greater reusability, repurpose, adaptability, and portability of its learning objects. This will keep courses current at a lower cost, as well as enhance the transfer of knowledge; it will also help teach competencies, which will boost productivity. Greater reusability will help increase mental models. Emerging technologies will require that SCORM incorporate new standards for navigation, as new mobile learning environments communicate in shorter segments, requiring smaller SCOs and a different data model. Background Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) developed a collection of specifications and standards known as the sharable content object reference model, or SCORM, as a way to standardize e-learning within the defense industry. The need arose because each government contractor had its own system and guidelines, resulting in many inconsistencies. As a result, ADL is now in charge of publishing, governing, and updating SCORM specifications and standards. There have been several versions since SCORM’s inception in 1997. The latest version, SCORM 1.3, launched in 2004, and includes the ability to specify sequencing of activities that use content objects, and resolve ambiguities. This latest version also allows using and sharing information, regarding success status for multiple learning objectives or competencies across content objects and across courses for the same learner within the same learning management system (LMS).
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Software Reusability
    International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT'2011) Pattaya Dec. 2011 Review of Software Reusability Neha Budhija and Satinder Pal Ahuja Abstract— Reusability is the likelihood a segment of source The organizations that has experience in developing code that can be used again to add new functionalities with software, but not yet used the software reuse concept, slight or no modification. Reusable modules and classes there exists extra cost to develop the reusable reduce implementation time, increase the likelihood that prior components from scratch to build and strengthen their testing and use has eliminated bugs and localizes code reusable software reservoir [2].. The cost of developing modifications when a change in implementation is required. the software from scratch can be saved by identifying Subroutines or functions are the simplest form of reuse. A and extracting the reusable components from already chunk of code is regularly organized using modules or developed and existing software systems or legacy namespaces into layers. Proponents claim that objects and systems [3]. software components offer a more advanced form of reusability, although it has been tough to objectively measure and define II. RELATED WORK levels or scores of reusability. Reusability implies some explicit management of build, packaging, distribution, Software reuse has been practiced since programming installation, configuration, deployment, maintenance and began. Reuse as a distinct field of study in software upgrade issues. If these issues are not considered, software engineering, however, is often traced to Doug Mcilroy’s may appear to be reusable from design point of view, but paper which proposed basing the software industry on will not be reused in practice.
    [Show full text]
  • REUSABILITY and MAINTAINABILITY in OBJECT ORIENTED LANGUAGES Suvarnalata Hiremath1, C M Tavade2 1Associate Professor, Dept
    REUSABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY IN OBJECT ORIENTED LANGUAGES Suvarnalata Hiremath1, C M Tavade2 1Associate Professor, Dept. of CS&E, BKEC, Basavakalyan, India, 2 Professor, Dept of E&TC, SIT-COE, Yadrav, India Abstract In object-oriented languages, inheritance plays an important part for software reusability and maintainability. The separation of sub typing and inheritance makes inheritance a more flexible mechanism reusing code. Object-oriented programming has been widely acclaimed as the technology that will support the creation of reusable software, particularly because of the "inheritance” facility. In this paper, we Object Oriented Programming is a practical and explore the importance of reusability and useful programming methodology that maintainability in object oriented language. encourages modular design and software reuse. KEYWORDS: Object Oriented Object oriented Language make the promises of programming Language, Inheritance, reduced maintainance,code reusability, Software reuse and maintainability. improved reliability and flexibility and easier maintenance through better data encapsulation. I. INTRODUCTION To achieve these gains, object oriented Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is the term language introduce the concepts of objects, used to describe a programming approach based classes, data abstraction and encapsulation, on objects and classes. The object-oriented inheritance and polymorphism. paradigm allows us to organise software as a collection of objects that consist of both data and In object oriented Language, the objects are behaviour. This is in contrast to conventional well-defined data structures coupled with a set functional programming practice that only of operations, these operations are called loosely connects data and behaviour. behavior and are only visible part of an object The object-oriented programming approach and only these operations can manipulate the encourages: objects.
    [Show full text]
  • Achieving Quality Requirements with Reused Software Components
    Achieving Quality Requirements with Reused Software Components: Challenges to Successful Reuse Second International Workshop on Models and Processes for the Evaluation of off-the-shelf Components (MPEC’05) 21 May 2005 Donald Firesmith Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 [email protected] 1 2005 Software Engineering Institute Topics • Introduction • Reusing Software • Quality Models and Requirements • Risks and Risk Mitigation • Conclusion 2 2005 Software Engineering Institute Introduction 1 • When reusing components, many well known problems exist regarding achieving functional requirements. • Reusing components is an architectural decision as well as a management decision. • Architectures are more about achieving quality requirements than achieving functional requirements. • If specified at all, quality requirements tend to be specified as very high level goals rather than as feasible requirements. For example: • “The system shall be secure.” 3 2005 Software Engineering Institute Introduction 2 • Actual quality requirements (as opposed to goals) are often less negotiable than functional requirements. • Quality requirements are much harder to verify. • Quality requirement achievability and tradeoffs is one of top 10 risks with software-intensive systems of systems. (Boehm et al. 2004) • How can you learn what quality requirements were originally used to build a reusable component? • What should architects know and do? 4 2005 Software Engineering Institute Reusing Software • Scope of Reuse • Types of Reusable Software • Characteristics of Reusable Software 5 2005 Software Engineering Institute Scope of Reuse • Our subject is the development of software- intensive systems that incorporate some reused component containing or consisting of software. • We are not talking about developing software for reuse in such systems (i.e., this is not a ‘design for reuse’ discussion).
    [Show full text]
  • SOFTWARE SECURITY PATTERNS in SECURITY ENGINEERING Rshma Chawla* Dr
    IJRIM Volume 2, Issue 2 (February 2012) (ISSN 2231-4334) SOFTWARE SECURITY PATTERNS IN SECURITY ENGINEERING Rshma Chawla* Dr. Naveeta Mehta** ABSTRACT Secure software is the essential need of the time. Security has become a important feature of any software system. Security issues are always the secondary task for the developers in SDLC process. But in accordance with current scenario security should be given the highest priority in all phases of SDLC. The major problem faced by developers is unavailability of information about recent attacks and the way to cure them. This paper elaborates Security patterns as reusable solutions for security related problems in SDLC as even till date security comes after the development phase. Why it is not included in each phase? Better quality specification can be produce at lower cost by indulging generalization, reusable security requirements. Keywords: Security, Patterns, Design Patterns, Security Patterns. *Lecturer, M.M. Institute of Computer Technology & Business Management, M.M. University, Mullana, India. **Associate Professor, M.M. Institute of Computer Technology & Business Management, M.M. University, Mullana, India. International Journal of Research in IT & Management 327 http://www.mairec.org IJRIM Volume 2, Issue 2 (February 2012) (ISSN 2231-4334) 1.0 INTRODUCTION Faults created by software developers open defect in applications and expose their vulnerabilities. Give security expertise to software developers is difficult .In SDLC security expertise is one frequent missing quality that needs to be addressed strongly, by taking advantage of the scaling effect of security patterns[1]. Security patterns capture security experts’ knowledge for a given security problem. Therefore security patterns are developed by security experts and are used by as software developers.
    [Show full text]
  • A Method for Assessing the Reusability of Object-Oriented
    A Method for Assessing the Reusability of Object- Oriented Code Using a Validated Set of Automated Measurements Fatma Dandashi David C. Rine Mitre Corporation George Mason University 7515 Coleshire Dr. 4400 University Drive McLean, VA 22102-7508 Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444 1.703.883.7914 1.703.993.1530 ext. 3-1546 [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT indirect quality attributes, such as adaptability, completeness, maintainability, and understandability have A method for judging the reusability of C++ code not been thoroughly investigated, or rigorously validated. components and for assessing indirect quality attributes To date, some studies of limited scope have been conducted from the direct attributes measured by an automated tool was to show that relationships exist between the two collections demonstrated. The method consisted of two phases. The first of attributes, direct and indirect [28]. phase identified and analytically validated a set of measurements for assessing direct quality attributes based During our research, we identified and analytically validated on measurement theory. An automated tool was used to a set of static, syntactic, directly measurable quality compute actual measures for a repository of C++ classes. A attributes of C++ code components at the class (macro) and taxonomy relating reuse, indirect quality attributes, and method (micro) levels [11]. Our goal was to identify and measurements identified and validated during the first part validate a set of measurements that can be used as effective of this research was defined. The second phase consisted of assessors of indirect quality attributes and predictors of the identifying and validating a set of measurements for overall quality and reusability of C++ code components.
    [Show full text]