Indonesian Urban Sanitation Consist of Facilities and Infrastructures „ Sanitation Challenge in Development : „ Sanitation National Action Plan, Draft of Development : Strategy and Urban Sanitation Facilities Strategy and Implementation Scenario Infrastructures Implementation Scenario. „ Community Based Urban Sanitation Development. Beppu City, Japan. „ Rounding up and Rehabilitation of Urban November 30th – December 1st 2007 Sanitation Facilities and Infrastructures. EAST ASIA MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE ON SANITATION AND HYGIENE 2007

1 OPEN DEFECATIO N before Community Based Sanitation implemented

„ Population of 236.4m, 43% Urban and 57% Rural ( 2007) „ Consist of more than 17,500 Islands which Total Area is more than 5000 Km2 „ GDP per capita US$3,843 (UNDP, 2007/8) „ 45.2% (105.3M) populations are poor and vulnerable poor (World Bank 2007) „ Human Development Index ranks : 107 of 177 countries (UNDP 2007/8)

2 EXISTING CONDITION (INDONESIA SANITATION PROFILE – 2000) EXISTING CONDITION (*) (PEOPLE ACCES TO WASTEWATER INFRASTUCTURES AND FACILITIES) People served 1,36 % The weak of MUNICIPAL SEWERAGE UNDETECT controlled design (25,98%) AND WASTEWATER and worse TREATMENT PLANT maintenance can (IPAL) UNTREATMENT (8,16%) ACCESS TO cause malfunction SEPTAGE TREATMENT NATIONAL of on-site system, URBAN ON-SITE (28,10%) PLANT (IPLT) WASTEWATER (37,53%) e.g. septic tank INFRA- sludge is not OFF-SITE (1,36%) STRUCTURE disludged MAYORITY (100%) NOT WELL regularly or un- OPERATED ON-SITE (21,96%) proper design of RURAL septic tanks (36,50%) cause ground POPULATION served is about 51 % and in UNTREATMENT(14,54%) Urban area Is about 30 % of total urban pop. pollution OFF-SITE (0%) 5,6 Million TON/DAY UNTREATMENT WASTEWATER, INFILTRATE TO ENVIROMENT NOTE: PEOPLE RATIO BETWEEN URBAN WITH RURAL, INFILTRATE TO THE GROUND SOURCES OF BPS 2000 IS 43% :58% 13.000 CHILD/DAY DIED (*) CONDITION IN 2000 Sumber : Wastewater Sanitation (NAP) 2002 (WHO REPORT-2002) Sumber : Wastewater Sanitation (NAP) 2002

3 Impediments For Possessing Suitable The Challenge Sanitation Facilities Sanitation Facilities „ Authority: Weak integration of government bodies „ Internal factors: responsibility for sanitation facilities and infrastructures „ Unsufficient understanding regarding the importance of good development, at central and local governmegovernmentnt is going sanitation condition and its impact to their health and living to cause field implementation overlapping. environment. „ Unsufficient of Hygiene Understanding and Good Health Behavior. „ Financial: Limited budget allocation at central and local „ Limited income of communities, in everage. government and low priority of sanitation public „ External factors: infrastructures development at local government. „ Lack of stakeholders awareness which leads to less prioritized „ sanitation facilities and development Technical: Limited publication and education of „ Sanitation is still perceived as private concern domain only. technical guidance also regulations and weakness of law „ Gender issues: unbalance/ domination of decision making process enforcement . in her families „ Social: Urban population growth is faster than sanitation facilities and infrastructures development.

4 EXISTING CONDITION OF URBAN TARGET OF MDG’S AND 5TH YEARS PLAN INDONESIA SANITATION FACILITIES IN INDONESIA (BPS 1992- 2006, SUSENAS) Target of 2005- BEGINNING OF 2005 2006 2009 : No Open (Statictical Year Book of Indonesia, BPS 2004) (Statictical Year Book of Indonesia, BPS 2005- 2006) Defecations Target of MDG’s Open Defecation Open Defecation 74,84 % OTHERS 100 OTHERS 90

PUBLIC 19.96 PUBLIC 80 22.08 UTILITIES UTILITIES 70 Total MDG’s 6.17 60 5.25 50 Rural RPJMN 2005-2009 40 COMMUNAL HOUSE HOLD COMMUNAL HOUSE HOLD 60.29 13.59 Urban 11.05 FACILITIES FACILITIES 61.62 FACILITIES FACILITIES 30 20 10 PUBLIC WORKS ROAD MAP 2004 : Potdes DATA BPS 2006 : 0 Total POPULATION : 210.89 juta Total POPULATION : 216.62 juta URBAN POPUATION : 84.78 juta URBAN POPULATION : 88.68 juta Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn 1992 1993 1994 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015

5 VISION

Development of environmental sanitation infrastructures to achieve GENERAL POLICY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION a live-able, safely, healthy and sustainable human settlements for INFRASTRUCTURES DEVELOPMENT better quality of community health and environment conservation.

MISION • Government ( central also local) position as facilitator and supported • Develop environmental sanitation (waste water, solid waste & drainage) infrastructures by regulations. services for urban and rural to improve community health quality.

• Develop and promote environmental sanitation infrastructures (waste water, solid waste • Development of environmental sanitation infrastructures is based on and drainage) to protect environment from domestic sources of pollution. the National Policy of community health improvement and environment protection. •Strengthen institutional capacities and community to address the environmental sanitation development more efficient and effective. • Supporting of community and private (and other stakeholders) • Establish law and regulation including standard, manual and guidelines to support participation for sustainability development . regional/local regulation for better environmental management. • Strengthening of regulations including development of norms, • Develop financing approaches for funding environmental sanitation improvement. standard, guidelines, manual and technical operation procedures, and • Increase community involvement in development process through community supporting of its law enforcement . participation improvement.

• Create private and other stakeholders participation to support implementation.

6 Facts and Figures of Indonesia Sanitation PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES Toilet Ownership in Indonesia (2007) No toilet , Public toilet , 19.67% 6.05% •Pro poor orientation in the environmental sanitation infrastructures development. •Pro community health improvement and environment Shared toilet , protection/ conservation. 13.90% Private/ family toilet , 60.38% •Community based development approaches for all of Domestic Dark/ Waste Water Disposal the step of environmental sanitation infrastructures Open Ponds, 5.29% Others, 7.55% development and management. Septic Tank, 40.67% Rivers/ Lake, •Demand responsive approaches for city wide 17.82% environmental sanitation infrastructures development.

Simple Holes, 28.67%

7 POLICY AND STRATEGY POLICY AND STRATEGY

1. INCREASING THE ACCESS. Accessibility to 2. FUNDING INNOVATION. Enhance the investment sanitation facilities (on-site and off-site and financial capacity of municipal wastewater sanitation disposal systems) in urban (both) and infrastructures development and management or rural (on site only) areas have to be increased, services through cost recovery approaches, with rural (on site only) areas have to be increased, or without initial investment or subsidize. including its management quality. 1.a. Increasing the coverage of wastewater services 2.a. Creating and promoting the alternative financial resources managed by BUMD and/or Dinas 2.b. Encouraging fund allocation improvement of wastewater management by local government (priority improvement) 1.b. Increasing the coverage services managed by community 2.c. Financial improvement through enhancing private partnership

2.d. Enhancing community participation in financing wastewater 1.c. Improving wastewater performance management of management BUMD and others wastewater institution/agency

8 POLICY AND STRATEGY POLICY AND STRATEGY

3. COMMUNITY AND PRIVATE PARTICIPATION. 4. INSTITUTION DEVELOPMENT. Improve the Improve the quality of services with community performance of institutional management and and private active participation/involvement. support separation between regulator and operator bodies. 3.a. Encouraging the community awareness of clean and healthy living living 4.a. Enhancing the coordination and cooperation inter-sectors and inter-regions/cities 3.b. Increasing the community participation for development and operation/maintenance of wastewater facilities operation/maintenance of wastewater facilities 4.b. Facilitating wastewater management improvement particularly for local government 3.c. Improving private and community involvement for development and wastewater management and wastewater management 4.c. Facilitating human resources management improvement through training and education

9 MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER POLICY AND STRATEGY Approach Community Based Institutional Based

City Wide 5. LAW AND REGULATIONS DEVELOPMENT. Regional/National Level Neighborhood Strengthening and enforcement of law; Wastewater infrastructure services based on demand responsive Wastewater Development of rules and regulations. infrastructures Adequate Sanitation: development 1. Rural support inter ƒƒMetropolitan & Large Cities 2. Slum/shanties area cities/region Off site/sewerage system Off site/sewerage system coordination to protect watershed ƒ Medium & Small Cities 5.a. Improving rules and regulations including Norms, Standards, ƒ Medium & Small Cities from human waste ¾ Integrated system of existing on-site ¾ Integrated system of existing on-site pollution Guidelines and Manuals. Develop appropriate andand newnew off-siteoff-site sanitationsanitation system of ¾¾ImproveImprove SeptageSeptage Treatment Treatment PlantPlant On- Site sanitation and (IPLT)(IPLT) andand sludgesludge servicesservices Small Scale Community 5.b. Developing national forum to support better wastewater Sewerage System ƒƒOldOld CityCity PROKASIH or Shallow/smallShallow/small borebore sewersewer oror smallsmall scalescale PROKASIH or management implementation similar program seweragesewerage integratedintegrated toto municipalmunicipal sewagesewage similar program systemsystem toto supportsupport revitalizationrevitalization programprogram forfor oldold cities.cities.

ƒƒNewNew TownTown ¾¾DevelopDevelop smallsmall sewagesewage systemsystem forfor LowLow CostCost HousingHousing areaarea ¾¾EncourageEncourage seweragesewerage developmentdevelopment forfor newnew towntown throughthrough privateprivate investmentinvestment

10 COMMUNAL SEPTIC TANKS

DRAINAGE CHANNEL

Communal Shallow Sewers in Denpasar, Bali

COMMUNAL COMMUNAL SHALLOW BATH-WASH- SEWERS FOR 100 TOILET Plus ++ FAMILIES

3 models of URBAN COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION

11 PILOT LOCATIONS COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION (SANIMAS) 2006

Departemen of Public Work Directorate General of Human Setlement LOCATION COMMUNAL BATH- COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION PROGRAM “SANIMAS” FISCAL YEAR 2006 WASH-TOILETS ++ IN THE CITY OF

KEDIRI 1

3 12 9

2

3 2 10 1 4 5 6 11 10

5 4 6 8 7 9 7

8

BORDA WASECO 1 4 7 9 12 1 4 7 10 PROV. BALI PROV. SUMATERA SELATAN PROV. BENGKULU PROV. NTB PROV. SUMATERA UTARA PROV. JAWA BARAT PROV. DI YOGYAKARTA PROV. GORONTALO PROV. SULAWESI TENGGARA Total Location 2 Total Location 3 Total Location 2 Total Location 4 Total Location 4 Total Location 1 Total Location 1 Total Location 6 Total Location 4 Buleleng Kota Palembang Kab. Muko - Muko Kota Mataram Sibolga, Medan Sukabumi Gunung Kidul Gorontalo (Kota) Kota Kendari Denpasar Gorontalo (Kab) Kota Bau - Bau 5 8 Bone Bolango 2 5 8 2 PROV. BANTEN 10 Boalemo PROV. BANGKA BELITUNG PROV. LAMPUNG PROV. NTT PROV. JAWA TIMUR Total Location 3 Total Location 1 Total Location 2 PROV. SUMATERA BARAT Total Location 1 PROV. KALIMANTAN TIMUR Pohuwati Total Location 17 Kab. Bangka Kota Bandar Lampung Kota Kupang Total Location 4 Tangerang Total Location 4 Sumenep, Pamekasan, Bangkalan Kota Pangkal Pinang Kab. Sika Dharmasraya, Bukit Tinggi Balikpapan , Sidoarjo, Nganjuk Kab. Sungai Liat Payakumbuh, Solok 6 Bontang 6 , Magetan, Blitar, 9 COMMUNAL SHALLOW SEWERS IN PROV. JAWA TENGAH PROV. KALIMANTAN Blitar (Kab), (Kab) 11 3 SELATAN PROV. SULAWESI UTARA 3 Total Location 6 Lumajang, , PROV. JAMBI Salatiga, Magelang PROV. SELAWESI SELATAN Total Location 4 Total Location 2 PROV. RIAU Jombang, Bondowoso Total Location 4 Surakarta, Semarang Total Location 2 Kota Banjarmasin Kota Bitung BLITAR/PASURUAN Total Location 4 Kab. Kerinci Pekalongan, Tegal Jeneponto Siak, Pelalawan Enrekang Kab. Muara Tebo

12 BALI ISLAND

DENPASAR DENPASAR- SANUR- KUTA- LEGIAN-

SEMINYAK SEMINYAK (DSDP), LEGIAN SANUR AERATED LAGOON KUTA BEACH SANUR BEACH

D KUTA N LA IS LEGEND AN SEWER PIPE G FORCE MAIN AN R SERVICEBOUNDARY AREA OF SEWERAGE SE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

PUMPING STATION Phase I : On-going Area

BENOA BAY Phase II Area: Urgent in JICA Area M/P In JICA M/P Phase III : Future Expansion Area

DSDP (Denpasar Sewerage Development Project)

13 AERATED PONDS OF THE YOGYAKARTA URBAN AREA

OXIDATION PONDS OF CIREBON CITY, WEST

14