: & WESTERN A RELAXED & EASY TOUR JULY 21–29, 2018

Andean Cock-of-the-rock Rupicola peruviana. Photo: D. Ascanio ©

LEADERS: DAVID ASCANIO & LUIS EDUARDO URUEÑA LIST COMPILED BY: DAVID ASCANIO

VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 1003 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78746 WWW.VENTBIRD.COM

COLOMBIA: MAGDALENA RIVER VALLEY & WESTERN ANDES A RELAXED & EASY TOUR JULY 21–29, 2018

By David Ascanio

Photo album: https://www.flickr.com/photos/davidascanio/sets/72157697299587672

Straight-billed Woodcreeper, Dendroplex picus. D. Ascanio ©

In bustling Medellín, which hosted us for the first night, we realized how much Colombia has changed in the last two decades. Once considered “never-to-be-visited,” Medellín has become a peaceful city with great birding areas. Our first morning found us at the entrance to La Romera Reserve, where we got our first views of the endemic Red-bellied Grackle (Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster ) and the wonderful Sickle-winged Guan ( Chamaepetes goudotii ). We also saw Golden , Slate-throated Redstart, and Slaty-capped Flycatcher (members of this raise one wing frequently, and this one was no exception!). After a brief visit to the reserve, we drove across the city and to the Rionegro area, spending some time in Cantos de Agua, a family- owned property with hummingbird feeders that allowed superb views of two male Booted Racket-tails, as well as Andean Hummingbird, White-bellied Woodstar, Bronzy Inca, and other . Also, we had more views of a group of the endemic Red-bellied Grackle and a couple of

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 2 Colombia: Magdalena River Valley and Western Andes R&E, 2018

Andean Motmots coming to a feeder. After a rich lunch near Rionegro, we took the road to the lowlands, making a couple of stops where we added views of four pairs (yes!, four pairs!) of White-mantled Barbets (Capito hypoleucus ), as well as Blue-necked ( Tangara cyanicollis ) and Scrub ( Tangara vitriolina). Once in the lowlands, we drove to the hotel where we found a pair of Pacific Antwrens.

In the Magdalena River Valley we spent two mornings at the Rio Claro Reserve. The surroundings of Doradal and the level of destruction by the limestone quarries and the large cement factories being built make this reserve a key area for protection of the species of the Magdalena River watershed. In the first morning we spent hours at the entrance to the reserve where we saw wonderful ranging from Beautiful and Cinnamon (Melanerpes pulcher & Celeus loricatus ) to becards, tityras, , tyrant-flycatchers, tanagers, and much more. As we walked the road to the headquarters, we added the diminutive Black-capped Pygmy-Tyrant (Myiornis atricapillus ) and the astonishing Striped Manakin (Machaeropterus regulus ). Along the road we also nailed antbirds and a family of the taxonomically-weird Dusky- faced Tanager (Mitrospingus cassinii ). In the afternoon we were delighted with views of Collared Aracari (Pteroglossus torquatus ) and Citron-throated (Channel-billed) Toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus ), as well as lengthy scope views of Barred Puffbird (Nystalus radiatus ). The following morning we decided to start at the end of the road cutting the Rio Claro Reserve and added three Rufous-breasted Hermits (Glaucis hirsutus ) nesting and a couple of Fasciated Tiger-Herons (Tigrisoma fasciatum ). In the afternoon we changed habitats, driving to the farmlands contiguous to the Magdalena River, and what a contrast! We observed 40+ bird species in less than 100 yards, and the highlights included the always difficult-to-find Dwarf Cuckoo (Coccycua pumila ) and the infrequently seen White-eared Conebill (Conirostrum leucogenys ). We also added several waterbirds, all at a relaxed & easy pace!

Western Emerald, Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus. D. Ascanio ©

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 3 Colombia: Magdalena River Valley and Western Andes R&E, 2018

Our last morning in the Magdalena River Valley found us in the road of Aquitania where we found slow bird activity. Despite that, we added to our list new species such as Striped and Squirrel cuckoos (Tapera naevia & Piaya cayana ) and Fulvous-vented Euphonia (Euphonia fulvicrissa ). A pair of Swallow-tailed Kites (Elanoides forficatus ) flying overhead were the sign of a warming day and an announcement that it was time to take lunch and start our drive back to Medellín, where we spent a night.

Bay-headed Tanager, Tangara gyrola. D. Ascanio ©

In the second half of the tour we headed to the west Andes, to the city of Jardín. After breakfast in Medellín, we drove to the Bolombolo Road where we spent some time looking for species restricted to the watershed, namely Antioquia Wren (Thryophilus sernai ) and Grayish ( granadensis ). We also saw Black-crowned Antshrike—a taxonomical split of Slaty Antshrike ( Thamnophilus atrinucha ) and Moustached Puffbird (Malacoptila mystacalis ). We continued our drive and after a plentiful lunch arrived in Jardín, where we spent a great deal of time enjoying and understanding the Andean Cocks-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruviana ) displaying dynamics at the lek.

The main reason to come to Jardín was to bird the high Andes, and for that we experienced quite an adventure. We took three refurbished old Willy’s (WWII vehicles) to reach the high elevation forest. Both mornings were spent at different elevations thus offering a rich and varied avifauna. In the higher grounds, we started at the Reserva Natural Loro Orejiamarillo where we nailed the endemic and highly threatened Yellow-eared (Ognorhynchus icterotis ), as well as an incredible assortment of hummingbirds including Collared Inca ( Coeligena torquata ), Mountain Velvetbreast ( Lafresnaya lafresnayi ), and Buff-tailed Coronet ( Boissonneaua flavescens ). On the second morning we enjoyed better views of Sickle-winged Guan ( Chamaepetes goudottii ) and

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 4 Colombia: Magdalena River Valley and Western Andes R&E, 2018 astonishing views of Black-billed Mountain-Toucan (Andigena nigrirostris ) along with more hummingbirds, tanagers, and few tyrant-flycatchers.

The tour concluded in a house near Jardín where, among Red-headed Barbets (Eubucco bourcierii ), a Western Emerald ( Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus ), and several tanagers, we enjoyed a typical Colombian Andean lunch and headed back to Medellín for our farewell dinner.

I want to thank you for joining us on our inaugural Colombia Relaxed & Easy tour. We look forward to seeing you again! I also want to highlight the importance of using local guides in any country you visit. That is the way I started (as a local guide in ), and that is my policy when I lead tours. I express my gratitude to Luis Eduardo Urueña for the brilliant logistical support and leading experience in finding several birds. Also, to our driver Antonio. His driving skills were put to test several times, and he did an excellent job. Please consider joining me in other destinations, equally contrasting and hosting a unique flora and fauna. Some of these tours are:

The Amazon Cruise Photos: https://www.flickr.com/photos/davidascanio/albums/72157663984130953 Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1b3xYG0cPSo

Costa Rica Photos: https://www.flickr.com/photos/davidascanio/albums/72157698323604261 Video (2015 tour): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzgD6NfVNSE

Cuba: Birds and Support for the Cuban People. Photos: https://www.flickr.com/photos/davidascanio/sets/72157643519265893/ Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylRHvB1jzdI

Birding the ´s Canal . A relaxed and easy tour. Photos: https://www.flickr.com/photos/davidascanio/sets/72157648765567967/ Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnkUxwd5kw

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 5 Colombia: Magdalena River Valley and Western Andes R&E, 2018

COLOMBIA A Relaxed & Easy Tour July 21-29, 2018

MAP OF LOCATIONS

1.Medellín. 2. Rio Claro reserve. 3. Bolombolo. 4. Jardín.

ITINERARY: 21 July 2018. Arrival. Night Medellín. 22 July 2018. La Romera county reserve. Visited Cantos de Agua and drove to Doradal. 23 July 2018. Rio Claro reserve. Quarry road. Night Doradal. 24 July 2018. Rio Claro reserve. Farmlands of Puerto Nare. Night Doradal. 25 July 2018. Aquitania. Drove to Medellín. 26 July 2018. Bolombolo road. Jardín and Cock-of-the-rocks lek. Night Jardín. 27 July 2018. Alto de Ventana. Reserva Loro Orejiamarillo. Finca Bambusa. Night Jardín. 28 July 2018. Finca Bambusa. Drove to Medellín. Night Medellín. 29 July 2018. Departure.

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 6 Colombia: Magdalena River Valley and Western Andes R&E, 2018

KEY: ME: Medellín area, La Romera, Rionegro and Cantos de Agua. DO: Doradal area, Rio Claro reserve and Aquitania. PN: Puerto Nare farmland and wetlands. BO: Bolombolo road. JA: Jardín, Alto de Ventana, Reserva Loro Orejiamarillo, Finca Bambusa.

BIRDS: Tinamous / Tinamidae Little Tinamou. Crypturellus soui. DO. Heard only.

Ducks / Anatidae Black-bellied Whistling-Duck. Dendrocygna autumnalis. PN. 20+ ind.

Guans, Chachalacas & Curassows / Cracidae Colombian Chachalaca. Ortalis columbiana. [Endemic]. ME, JA. Andean Guan. Penelope montagnii. JA. Sickle-winged Guan. Chamaepetes goudottii. ME, JA. Superb views!

Grebes / Podicipedidae Least Grebe. Tachybaptus Dominicus. DO. 3 individuals, one nesting.

Herons and egrets / Ardeidae Fasciated Tiger-Heron. Tigrisoma fasciatum. DO. 2 individuals. Cocoi Heron. Ardea cocoi. PN. Great Egret. Ardea alba. PN, DO. Cattle Egret. Bubulcus ibis. PN, DO, JA. Striated Heron. Butorides striatus. PN.

Ibises / Threskiornithidae Bare-faced Ibis. Phimosus infuscatus. PN.

New world vultures / Cathartidae Black Vulture. Coragyps atratus. Widespread. Turkey Vulture. Cathartes aura. Widespread. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture. Cathartes burrovianus. PN.

Hawks, eagles & kites / Accipitridae Swallow-tailed Kite. Elanoides forficatus. ME. Savanna Hawk. Buteogallus meridionalis. PN. Roadside Hawk. Rupornis magnirotris. ME.

New World Quail / Odontophoridae Gray-cowled Wood-Rail. Aramides cajaneus. RC. Purple Gallinule. Porphyrio martinica. PN.

Plovers & lapwings / Charadriidae Southern lapwing. Vanellus chilensis. Widespread.

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 7 Colombia: Magdalena River Valley and Western Andes R&E, 2018

Jacanas / Jacanidae Wattled Jacana. Jacana jacana. PN.

Pigeons and Doves / Columbidae Rock Pigeon (I). Columba livia. Widespread. Pale-vented Pigeon. Patagioenas cayannensis. JA. Band-tailed Pigeon. Patagioenas fasciata. JA. Ruddy Ground-Dove. Columbina talpacoti . DO, JA. White-tipped Dove. Leptotila verreauxi. Heard only. DO.

Cuckoos / Cuculidae Greater Ani. Crotophaga major. DO. Smooth-billed Ani. Crotophaga ani. DO. Striped Cuckoo. Tapera naevia. DO. Amazing views. Scoped! Dwarf Cuckoo. Coccycua pumila. PN. Superb views! Squirrel Cuckoo. Piaya cayana. JA.

Swifts / Apodidae White-collared Swift. Streptoprocne zonaris. DO. Short-tailed Swift. Chaetura brachyura. DO. Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift. Panyptila cayennensis. DO.

Hummingbirds / Trochilidae Hummingbirds were originally believed to be a cross between an and a bird. Furthermore, as a consequence of having such impressive plumage, it is not surprising that a demand started for such fantastic creatures, thus pushing a trade business that shipped hundreds of thousands of hummingbird skins into Europe. By then, there were no common names associated with the hummingbirds. So, how did these birds get such beautiful names? The person to give the most common English names to the hummingbirds was J. Gould on his memorable Monograph of Trochilidae (1849-1861). But, did you know that until the publication of his renowned monograph Gould had never seen a hummingbird alive? Only after finishing such an impressive work did he visit the Americas in May 1857 and see his first living Trochilidae , a Ruby-throated Hummingbird. Rufous-breasted Hermit. Glaucis hirsutus. DO. 3 individuals building nests! Green Hermit. Phaethornis guy. JA. Stripe-throated Hermit. Phaethornis striigularis. DO. Lesser Violetear. Colibri cyanotus. ME, JA. Tourmaline Sunangel. Heliangelus exortis. JA. Speckled Hummingbird. Adelomyia melanogenys. JA. Long-tailed Sylph. Aglaiocercus kingii. JA. Greenish Pufflegs. Haplophaedia aureliae. ME. Bronzy Inca. Coleigena coeligena. ME. Collared Inca. Coeligena torquata. JA. Mountain Velvetbreast. Lafresnaya lafresnayi. JA. Buff-tailed Coronet. Boissonneaua flavescens . JA Booted Racket-tail. Ocreatus underwoodii. ME. White-bellied Woodstar. Chaetocercus mulsant. ME. Western Emerald. Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus. JA. Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 8 Colombia: Magdalena River Valley and Western Andes R&E, 2018

Andean Emerald. Amazilia franciae. ME, JA. Steely-vented Hummingbird. Amazilia saucerottei. ME, JA. Rufous-tailed Jummingbird. Amazilia tzacatl. JA.

Trogons / Trogonidae Golden-headed Quetzal. Pharomachrus auriceps. Heard only. JA. White-tailed Trogon. Trogon chionurus. DO. Gartered Trogon. Trogon caligatus . DO.

Motmots / Momotidae Andean Motmot. Momotus aequatorialis. ME, JA.

Kingfishers / Alcedinidae Green Kingfisher. Chloroceryle americana. Boat trip. PN.

Puffbirds / Bucconidae Barred Puffbird. Nystalus radiatus. DO. Superb views!!!! Moustached Puffbird. Malacoptila mystacalis. BO. Another species seen extremely well!

Jacamars / Galbulidae Rufous-tailed Jacamar. Galbula ruficauda. DO.

Barbets / Capitonidae White-mantled Barbet. Capito hypoleucus. [Endemic]. DO. Astonishing views of about 10 individuals! Road to Doradal. Red-headed Barbet. Eubucco bourcierii. JA. Great views of a pair.

Toucans / Ramphastidae Southern Emerald-Toucanet. Aulacorhynchus albivitta. JA. Black-billed Mountain-Toucan. Andigena nigrirostris. JA. Collared Aracari. Pteroglossus torquatus. Seen various times. DO. Channel-billed Toucan. RAmphastos vitellinus. DO.

Woodpeckers / Picidae Olivaceous Piculet. Picumnus olivaceus. DO. Grayish Piculet. Picumnus granadensis. [Endemic]. BO. Acorn . Melanerpes formicivorus. JA. Beautiful Woodpecker. Melanerpes pulcher. [Endemic]. DO. Red-crowned Woodpecker. Melanerpes rubricapillus. DO, BO. Crimson-mantled Woodpecker. rivolii. JA. . Celeus loricatus. DO. Lineated Woodpecker. lineatus. DO.

Falcons and Caracaras / Falconidae Crested Caracara. Caracara cheriwayy. ME. Yellow-headed Caracara. Milvago chimachima. DO, BO.

Parrots / Psittacidae

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 9 Colombia: Magdalena River Valley and Western Andes R&E, 2018

The parrots, parakeets, macaws, and parrotlets are usually associated with tropical environments. The Tropics of America are one of the regions where this family radiated in a prominent way. Orange-chinned Parakeet. Brotogeris jugularis. DO. Blue-headed Parrot. Pionus menstruus. DO. Bronze-winged Parrot. Pionus chalcopterus. JA. Spectacled Parrotlet. Forpus conspicillatus. DO. Chestnut-fronted Macaw. Ara severus. DO. Yellow-eared Parrot. Ognorhynchus icterotis. [Endemic]. JA. We were lucky to see pairs in flight!

Typical Antbirds / Thamnophilidae Great Antshrike. Taraba major. DO. Black-crowned Antshrike. Thamnophilus atrinucha. BO. Pacific Antwren. Myrmotherula pacifica. DO. Chestnut-backed Antbird. Poliocrania exsul. DO.

Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers / Furnariidae Plain-brown Woodcreeper. Dendrocincla fuliginosa. DO. Wedge-billed Woodcreeper. Glyphorynchus spirurus. DO. Strong-billed Woodcreeper. Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus. JA. Cocoa Woodcreeper. Xyphorynchus susurrans. DO. Straight-billed Woodcreeper. Dendroplex picus. DO. Streak-headed Woodcreeper. Lepidocolaptes souleyetti. DO, BO. Plain Xenops. Xenops minutus. DO. Spotted Barbtail. Premnoplex brunnescens. DO. Red-faced Spinetail. Cranioleuca erythrops. JA. Yellow-chinned Spinetail. Certhiaxis cinnamomeus. PN. Azara´s Spinetail. Synallaxis azarae. JA. Pale-breasted Spinetail. Synallaxis albescens. ME.

Tyrant Flycatchers / Tyrannidae Mouse-colored Tyrannulet. Pahaeomyias murina. BO. Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet. Tyrannulus elatus. DO. Forest Elaenia. Myiopagis garimardii. DO. Yellow-bellied Elaenia. Elaenia flavogaster. DO. Mountain Elaenia. Elaenia frantzii. ME. Long-tailed Tyrant. Colonia colonus. DO. Ochre-bellied Flycatcher. Mionectes oleaginous. DO, ME, JA. Slaty-capped Flycatcher. Leptopogon superciliaris. DO. Sooty-headed Tyrannulet. Phyllomyias griseiceps. DO. Black-capped Tyrannulet. Phyllomyias nigrocapillus. JA. Black-capped Pygmy-Tyrant. Myiornis atricapillus. DO. Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher. Poecilotriccus sylvia. BO. Common Tody Flycatcher. Todirostrum cinereum. DO, PN, BO. Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher. Todirostrum nigriceps. DO. Olivaceous Flatbill. Rhynchocyclus olivaceus. DO. Yellow-olive Flycatcher. Tolmomyias sulphurescens. DO. Cinnamon Flycatcher. Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus. JA. Black Phoebe. Sayornis nigricans. DO, JA. Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 10 Colombia: Magdalena River Valley and Western Andes R&E, 2018

Vermilion Flycatcher. Pyrocephalus rubinus. PN. Streak-throated Bush-Tyrant. Myiotheretes striaticollis. JA. Pied Water-Tyrant. Fluvicola pica. PN. White-headed Marsh-Tyrant. Arundinicola leucocephala. PN. Yellow-bellied Chat-Tyrant. Ohthoeca diadema. JA. Cattle Tyrant. Machetornis rixosa. DO. Bright-rumped Attila. Attila spadiceus. DO. Lesser Kiskadee. Pitangus lictor. DO. Great Kiskadee. Pitangus sulphuratus. DO, ME, JA. Boat-billed Flycatcher. Megarynchus pitangua. BO. Rusty-margined Flycatcher. Myiozetetes cayanensis. PN. Social Flycatcher. Myiozetetes similis. DO, ME. Golden-crowned Flycatcher. Myiodynastes chrysocephalus. ME. Streaked Flycatcher. Myiodynastes maculatus. ME. Piratic Flycatcher. Legatus leucophaius. DO, BO. Tropical Kingbird. Tyrannus melancholicus. DO, ME, JA, PN. Fork-tailed Flycatcher. Tyrannus savanna. PN, DO.

Cotingas / Cotingidae Green-and-black Fruiteater. Pipreola riefferii. Heard only. JA. Andean Cock-of-the-rock. Rupicola peruvianus. Astonishing views of 7 individuals in the lek. JA.

Manakins / Pipridae White-bearded Manakin. Manacus manacus. Great views of a couple of males! DO. Golden-headed Manakin. Ceratopipra erythrocephala. DO.

Becards, Tityras & Allies / Tityridae Masked Tityra. Tityra semifasciata. DO. Cinnamon Becard. PASchyramphus cinnamomeus. DO, JA. White-winged Becard. Pachyramphus polychopterus. DO, JA.

Vireos / Vireonidae Rufous-naped Greenlet. Pachysylvia semibrunnea. DO. Brown-capeed Vireo. Vireo leucophrys. ME, JA. Red-eyed Vireo. Vireo olivaceus. BO.

Crows & Jays / Corvidae Black-chested Jay. Cyanocorax affinis. JA.

Swallows / Hirundinidae Blue-and-white Swallow. Pygochelidon cyanoleuca. ME, JA. Brown-bellied Swallow. Orochelidon murina. JA. Gray-breasted Martin. Progne chalybea. DO, PN. White-winged Swallow. Tachycineta albiventer. PN.

Wrens / Troglodytidae House Wren. Troglodytes aedon. DO. Band-backed Wren. Campylorhynchus zonatus. DO. Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 11 Colombia: Magdalena River Valley and Western Andes R&E, 2018

Bicolored Wren. Campylorhynchus griseus. DO. Antioquia Wren. Thryophilus sernai. [Endemic]. BO. Bay Wren. Cantorchilus nigricapillus. Nest record. DO. White-breasted Wood-Wren. Henicorhina leucosticta. BO. Gray-breasted Wood-Wren. Henicorhina leucophrys. ME, JA.

Thrushes and Allies / Turdidae Andean Solitaire. Myadestes ralloides. ME, JA. Pale-breasted Thrush. Turdus leucomelas. DO. Clay-colored Thrush. Turdus grayi. JA. Black-billed Thrush. Turdus ignobilis. BO. Great Thrush. Turdus fuscater. JA.

Mockingbirds / Mimidae Tropical Mockingbird. Mimus gilvus. BO, road to JA.

New World Warblers / Parulidae Golden-crowned Warbler. Basileuterus culicivorus. Heard only. BO. Citrine Warbler. Myiothlypis luteoviridis. JA. Buff-rumped Warbler. Myiothlypis fulvicauda. DO. Golden-fronted Redstart. Myioborus ornatus. JA.

Tanagers and Allies / Thraupidae White-lined Tanager. Tachyphonus rufus. JA. Flame-rumped Tanager. Ramphocelus flammigerus. ME, JA. Crimson-backed Tanager. Ramphocelus dimidiatus. DO, ME, JA. Lacrimose Mountain-Tanager. Anisognathus lacrymosus. JA. Blue-gray Tanager. Thraupis episcopus. Widespread. Palm Tanager. Thraupis palmarum Widespread. Scrub Tanager. Tangara vitriolina. ME, JA. Golden-hooded Tanager. Tangara larvata. ME. Blue-necked Tanager. Tangara cyanicoliis. ME, JA. Blue-and-black Tanager. Tangara vassorii. JA. Beryl-spangled Tanager. TAngara nigroviridis. JA. Plain-colored Tanager. TAngara inornata. DO. Bay-headed Tanager. Tangara gyrola. JA. Saffron-crowned Tanager. Tangara xanthocephala. JA. Golden Tanager. Tangara arthus. ME. Swallow Tanager. Tersina viridis. DO. Black-faced Dacnis. Dacnis lineata. DO. Green Honeycreeper. Chlorophanes spiza. DO, JA. White-eared Conebill. Conirostrum leucogenys. PN. Masked Flowerpiercer. Diglossa cyanea. JA. Saffron Finch. Sicalis flaveola. Widespread. Ruddy-breasted Seedeater. Sporophila minuta. DO. Thick-billed Seed-Finch. Sporophila funereus. DO. Large-billed Seed-Finch. Sporophila crassirostris. PN. Gray Seedeater. Sporophila intermedia. PN. Bananaquit. Coereba flaveola. Widespread. Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 12 Colombia: Magdalena River Valley and Western Andes R&E, 2018

Yellow-faced Grassquit. Tiaris olivaceus. JA. Buff-throated Saltator. Saltator maximus. DO. Grayish Saltator. Saltator coerulescens. DO. Streaked Saltator. Saltator striatipectus. JA.

New World Sparrows / Passerellidae Common Chlorospingus. Chlorospingus flavopectus. ME. Black-striped Sparrow. Arremon atricapillus. BO. Orange-billed Sparrow. Arremon aurantiirostris. DO. Chestnut-capped Brushfinch. Arremon brunneinucha. JA. Rufous-collared Sparrow. Zonotrichia capensis. ME, JA.

Mitrospingus tanagers / Dusky-faced Tanager. Mitrospingus cassinii. Rio Claro. DO.

Troupials and Allies / Icteridae Russet-backed Oropendola. Psarocolius angustifrons. JA. Crested Oropendola. Psarocolius decumanus. DO. Yellow-rumped Cacique. Cacicus cela. DO. Mountain Cacique. Cacicus chrysonotus. JA. Yellow-backed Oriole. Icterus chrysater. JA. Shiny Cowbird. Molothrus bonariensis. JA. Giant Cowbird. Molothrus oryzibvorus. JA. Carib Grackle. Quiscalus lugubris. PN. Red-bellied Grackle. Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster. [Endemic]. ME.

Euphonias & allies / Fringillidae Thick-billed Euphonia. Euphonia laniirostris. ME, PN, JA. Fulvous-vented Euphonia. Euphonia fulvicrissa. ME.

MAMMALS: White-footed Tamarin. Saguinus leucops Red-tailed Squirrel. Sciurus granatensis. CM, SA.

OTHER SPECIES: Spectacled Cayman. Caiman crocodilus. DO. Brook’s House Gecko. Hemidactylus brookii. DO. . Iguana iguana. DO. Grass Anole. Anolis auratus. DO. Mussurana. Clelia clelia. ME. Giant Longhorn . Enoplocerus armillatus. DO. Arboreal termites. DO. Leaf-cutter Ant. Atta sp. DO. Blue Morpho. Morpho sp. DO.

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 13 Colombia: Magdalena River Valley and Western Andes R&E, 2018