INDEX

Note: This—by no means exhaustive—index does not include omnipresent terms like “gen- der studies”, “transgender”, “intersex”, “identity”, or similar terms as separate entries. However, specifi c uses of these terms are included. Trans*, trans, transgender, and transsex- ual will be subsumed under the umbrella terms trans or transgender where necessary, while individual usages are kept where applicable. For a complete directory of all cited authors, the reader is referred to the list of Works Cited at the end of each chapter. Page references printed in bold type refer to whole chapters or larger parts of chapters that offer a substantial discus- sion of the relevant entry.

A adulthood, 107, 226, 231, 272–3, abject/abjection, 128, 172, 195–6, 280, 284 198, 255, 258, 261, 265 Advocates for Informed Choice (AIC), abuse, 49–50, 279, 287 . See also rape; 100 violence aesthetics, 195, 214, 255 . See also activism, 5, 17, 54, 57, 116, 133, 141, beauty 233 age, 20, 48, 59, 77, 106, 179, 234, AIDS, 5 238–9, 247, 277–8 intersex, 22, 223 aging, 19, 190–1, 206, 212, 214, LGBTQ(I), 9, 42, 51, 84, 156, 220–2 166, 182 transageing, 222 political, 21, 53, 151 agency, 116, 127, 130, 134, 170, 227, reproductive justice, 149, 151–2, 257 155 agender, 23, 85 . See also gender trans, 49–50, 57, 123, 126, 130, The Aggressives (Daniel Peddle), 155, 166, 179, 185 180–1 adolescence, 262, 265, 292 . See also AIDS research, 178 youth Aizura, Aren, 2, 6, 20–1, 167

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 295 S. Horlacher (ed.), Transgender and Intersex: Theoretical, Practical, and Artistic Perspectives, DOI 10.1057/978-1-349-71325-7 296 INDEX

alliance B queer, 183, 185 bakla , 177 trans* and intersex, 3, 17, 84, 97, Baltimore gender theory, 117, 136 103–4, 107–8 Barbin, Herculine, 34–5, 271, 292 ambiguity, of sex and gender, 8, 12, Barthes, Roland, 219, 270 120, 126, 135, 223 Baudrillard, Jean, 127–8, 132 American Academy of Pediatrics Beatie, Thomas, 157 (AAP), 247 beauty, 19, 193, 195–6, 198, 200 . See American Psychiatric Association also aesthetics (APA), 135 female sporting body, 78 Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Greek Antiquity, 234, 237, 245 (AIS), 22, 99, 109, 120 Beckham, David, 193, 195 support group (AISSG), behavior, 109, 166, 280, 282–3, 286–7 124, 137 effeminate, 102 androgyny, 18, 35, 85, 174, 179, 198, gendered, 142, 176, 280 234–6, 278, 293 learned, 290 anthropology, 174–9 sexual, 135 antiquity, 232, 236, 239, 245 between-ness, 182, 190–1 anxiety, 93, 159, 287 Bhabha, Homi K., 131 Archer, Margaret, 127, 136 binary, 2, 10, 12, 131, 135, 144, 195, Argentina's Gender Identity Law, 226, 225, 229, 231, 237, 244, 291 246 gender, 9, 17–18, 83–4, 116, 133, Aristotle, 33, 229, 246 143, 167, 211, 223, 235, 245, art, 3, 13–16, 19, 23, 42, 195, 225–6, 281 234–45 , 256 . See also oppositions, 17, 115, 122, 130–3 photography sex/gender, 85–9, 91–2, 94, 97, asylum seeker, 181–3 107, 118, 228, 254, 258, 265, athletics, 67–9, 71–2, 78 270 atypical brain anatomy, 100 biologism, 229–31, 234, 242 . See also authority essentialism God, 242 biology, 8, 10–11, 70, 122, 124, 265, legal, 34, 38, 49 285 male, 260 biopolitics, 2–3, 12 medical, 9–10 birth autonomy, 96–7, 108, 268 certifi cate, 32, 37, 40, 86, 92 corporeal, 103, 155 control, 106, 185 individual medical, 95 register of, 142, 156 personal, 17, 56 status, 88, 91–2 avatar, 85, 90, 108 . See also internet bisexuality, 29, 51, 53, 108, 141 awareness, 51–2, 149, 154, 190, Blackwood, Evelyn, 173, 175–6, 179 230–1, 234, 246, 254, 259, 261, blog, 84, 102, 105, 168 . See also 267, 291 internet INDEX 297 body, 88, 91, 94, 121–2, 124, 126, C 166, 181, 195–6, 222, 267, 272 Califi a, Patrick, 157, 198 female, 101, 143, 153, 259, 261, 267 cancer, 87, 184 herm, 91, 212 castration anxiety, 283, 287–8 ideal, 264 Chase, Cheryl, 2, 7–9, 12, 22–3, 253 intersex, 83, 95, 125–6, 129, 153, childhood, 22, 94–6, 109, 292 240, 264 early, 117, 152–3, 180, 277 intersex and trans, 91, 94, 108 interventions, 95 in law, 33, 36 Christianity, 42, 46–7, 168, 215 . See male, 104, 195 also Judeo-Christian legal mixed-gender, 142 framework modifi cation, 4, 167, 169 chromosomes, 11, 22, 58, 71–2 non-conforming, 84, 222 cis, 24, 85, 92–4, 226, 245, 273 non-normative, 172, 273 citizenship, 68, 165, 167, 182–3 in photography, 189–223 class, 75, 172, 179–81, 203 queer, 129, 203 middle, 21, 46, 155, 292 sexed, 41, 122, 129, 166, 193, 261 working, 279, 289 in sports, 70–1, 78 classism, 155 transgender, 12, 88–9, 101, 128, clitoris, 33–4, 106, 153 166–7, 182, 257, 259–61, closet, 54, 89, 96, 99, 103, 124, 181 267–9, 285 closure, 15, 211, 292, 294 bois, 177 . See also tombois/tomboys/ cochlear implant, 98–9 toms codifi cation, 147–8 Bornstein, Kate, 272 colonialism, 6, 8, 21–2 Bowie, David, 132 coming-of-age, 262, 265 Boys Don’t Cry (Kimberly Peirce), 20, Common Law, 29, 33, 35–8 277–93 communities Braidotti, Rosi, 172 bisexual, 100 brain, 11, 23, 37, 58, 90, 101, 229, 265 deaf, 98 brain sex theory, 119, 123 diasporic, 5 breasts, 91, 93, 96, 238, 259, 266 hidden, 129, 203 Bündchen, Gisele, 193, 223 immigrant, 183 butch, 21, 94, 117, 137, 168, 170–1, lesbian, 18, 166, 174–5 173, 176, 178, 180, 196, 266–7 online, 108 Butler, Judith, 2, 20, 22, 125, queer, 18, 51, 101, 169, 174, 185, 165–73 , 176, 268, 278 214 Bodies That Matter , 129, 170, 255 rural, 177, 279 Gender Trouble , 121, 130, 133, transgender, 9–10, 48, 69, 103 169–73, 254–5, 284, 290, 293 Complete or Partial Androgen Undoing Gender , 118, 122–4, 126, Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS, 133–5, 170–2, 258, 263, 273, PAIS), 58, 109, 120 291 confi nement, 182, 281, 290 298 INDEX

conformity, 21, 84–5, 97, 176, 226 conceptual, 245 confusion, 106, 165, 169, 236, 256, of repronormativity, 144, 146–7 260, 262, 285 Degele, Nina, 146, 158 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Deleuze, Gilles, 125, 172 (CAH), 22, 58, 86–7, 99, 106, de-naturalization, 147, 156, 175 109, 119–20 denial, 43, 73, 153, 221, 285 Connell, Raewyn [R.W.], 78, 145–6, depiction . See also representation 247 musical, 239 consensus, 37, 47, 70 of non-(repro)normativity, 156 consent, 22, 48, 59, 95–6 verbal, 254, 259, 261, 267 full (policy), 100, 153, 159 visual, 156–7, 235, 286 constructivism, 11, 127, 136, 143, desire 157, 159, 166, 242 for bodily autonomy, 94, 96–7, 108 control, 9, 45, 48, 53, 55, 70, 73, 77, lesbian, 173, 259, 263 79, 81, 94, 262, 267, 273, 293 non-normative, 7, 172 Coplans, John, 195, 207, 214 queer, 175, 193, 198 corporeality, 141, 143, 147–9, 257 same-sex, 175, 179 Costello, Cary Gabriel, 10–11, 17, sexual, 117, 132–3, 167, 170, 255, 116–17, 121, 123–4, 130, 152–3, 263–5, 271, 291 226, 228, 271–2 Deutscher Ethikrat , 22, 142, 157, 159, Council of Europe (CoE), 16, 29–30, 246–7 43–4, 49–52, 59 deviant, 5, 126, 214, 253, 261 Court of Appeal, 58, 60 deviation, 18, 118, 144, 148, 152, cross-dressing, 20–1, 89, 117, 183, 171, 212 271, 277, 282, 285, 289–91 deximethisone (dex), 86–7 Currah, Paisley, 4–6, 21–2 Diagnostic Statistic Manual (DSM), 135 cut and lie, 246 Diamond, Milton, 136, 159, 229, 247 dichotomy destruction of, 130–2 D domination by, 242 Davidson, Megan, 83, 86, 90, 96, 100 mind/body, 121 Davis, Georgiann, 85, 94 dildo, 284, 286 . See also penis; phallus death, 39, 51, 58, 209, 214, 220–1, Diodorus Siculus, 234–5 239, 286 disability, 38, 52, 70, 98 of Andrea Dykes, 52 studies, 5, 7, 22 birth and, 19, 131, 191, 215 disclosure, 8, 14, 153, 182 of Brandon Teena, 253 discrimination, 1, 50, 68, 84, 98, 155 as punishment, 34, 239 non-discrimination, 48–9, 54–5 in Trumpet , 259, 261, 268 protection from, 31, 40–1, 45, 53, deception, 182, 279, 283 . See also 55, 99, 107 disguise disguise, 135, 182, 284 . See also deconstruction, 118, 123, 125–7, 261 deception INDEX 299 disgust, 84, 91, 108, 288 European Court of Human Rights disjunctions, 231, 233–4, 237, (ECtHR), 32, 37–40, 43–4, 48, 244, 247 55–6, 73 disorder framework, 10–11, 86, 88, European Court of Justice, 37, 40, 43, 97–108, 122, 124 45, 48, 55–6, 59 Disorders of Sex Development (DSD), exclusion 85–8, 93, 99, 102, 105–6, 109, attitude (phil.), 233, 247 118–19, 126, 159, 271 LGBT, 49–50, 148, 172 diversity, 9, 21, 98, 107, 142, 147, 165, 189–90 bodily, 97, 108 F reproductive, 148 failure doctors, 36–7, 86–91, 95–8, to identify, 8, 104, 203 100, 102, 106, 152, 261, 267 . legal, 46, 53, 57, 73 See also medical practitioners/ fallacy profession legal, 46, 53, 57, 73 drag, 134, 184, 193, 291 reductionist, 229–30 Dreger, Alice D., 11, 22–3, 36–7, 83, family, 57, 83, 85, 166, 181–4, 191, 220 88, 95, 124, 136 in Boys Don’t Cry , 287 dystopian fantasy, 167, 185 and intersex people, 22, 95, 99, 239 in Tomboy , 278, 282, 291 and trans people, 90, 150, 181 E in Trumpet , 261, 267 egg carriers, 145, 153 fatherhood, 58, 95, 172, 185, 240, embodiment, 4–5, 7, 12, 145, 167, 259–60, 282–3, 293 169–71, 175, 180, 185, 205 Fausto-Sterling, Anne, 11–12, 22, 84, transgender, 185, 260–1 142, 145 virtual, 84–5 FBLT*QI, 143 enforcers, Puerto Rico, 176 female masculinity, 122, 169–78 , 260 equality female-to-male (FTM), 117, 149, 151, legal, 45, 48–9, 51, 53–5 279, 285, 291 social, 148, 176 transgender, 177, 289 Equality Act, 16 transmen, 151, 168, 179 essentialism, 10–11, 17, 23, 83, transsexual, 38, 41 115–36 , 166 . See also biologism; femininity, 2–3, 11, 13, 70–1, 122, rhetoric, born this way 261, 267, 273 ethics, 45, 54, 168, 171, 231 feminism, 2–3, 5, 7, 12, 18, 117, 170, European Convention case law on 174, 179, 228, 247, 290 transgender rights, 68 femme, 21, 171, 209 European Convention on Human fertility, 97, 105, 143, 145, 150, 152, Rights (ECHR), 30, 42–3, 55, 159, 209 . See also sterilization 63, 157 infertility, 152–3 300 INDEX

fi lm festival, frameline LGBT, 167–8 verifi cation policies, 67 Film Festival, London LGBTQ, 183 Gendercator (Catherine Crouch), Floyd, Kevin, 2, 12–13, 23 167–9, 185 Foucault, Michel, 13, 21, 23, 35, 125, genderqueer, 18, 20, 85, 90, 107, 176, 293 174, 198, 272 Franke, Katherine M., 145–6, 158 Gender Recognition Act, 16–17, Fremde Haut–Unveiled (Angelina 29–60 , 68, 73–8, 121, 136 Maccarone), 181–3 genitals, 8, 33, 58, 67, 87, 94–5, 212, Freud, Sigmund, 170, 284, 293 266, 293 Fuss, Diana, 12, 23, 130, 132 genital surgery, 8, 10, 57, 69, 104, 153 globalization, 167, 184 G gods, Greek, 234–5, 237, 241–2 gaze, 36, 190, 257 Goodwin, Christine v The United gender Kingdom , 32, 37, 40, 57–8, acquired, 39–41, 73–4, 76, 121 60, 73 ambiguity, 134, 291 assigned, 38, 119–20, 247, 283, 291 attribution, 198, 222 H change of, 13, 37–8, 55 ( see also The Hague Congress, 43–5 transition) Halberstam, Jack [Judith], 4, 18, 21, conformity, 102, 168, 176 90, 121–3, 128, 133–4, 136–7, confusion, 262 152, 156–7, 265 deviance, 177 Hale, Jacob, 166 dysphoria, 39, 65, 69, 118–19, 292 harm, 87, 93, 120, 230 expression, 168, 263–4 healthcare, 49–50 fl exibility, 85, 122, 165, 167, 169 Hedwig and the Angry Inch (John identity crisis, 279 Cameron Mitchell), 19, 238–9, legal, 32, 96 241–2 neutrois, 85, 90, 94 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 229, normativity, 7, 165, 170 237–8, 242 norms, 117–18, 122–3, 169, 175, hegemony, 18, 35, 128, 174, 180 255, 266, 284 hermaphrodite, 32–6, 58, 85, 104, performativity, 167, 183, 227, 234–7, 239–41, 244–5 254–5, 264, 273 heteronormativity, 17, 35, 115, 132, phenomenological, 227, 246 143, 146, 158, 166, 264 presentation, 34, 51, 273 heterosexuality, normative, 92, reassignment, 37, 39–41, 48–9, 58, 134, 291 69, 122 heterosexual matrix, 146 role, 117, 119, 181, 282–3, 290 homosexuality, 18, 92, 117, 134, variance, 5, 18, 93, 103, 107–8, 174–5 165–85 , 189 Horlacher, Stefan, 12–14, 137, 245 INDEX 301 hormones, 8, 11, 39, 94, 96, 100–1, interventions 104, 120, 169, 229 medical, 23, 86, 88, 90–1, 94–6, hormone therapy, 38–9, 90–1, 285 125, 167 human dignity, 55–6, 142, 155 surgical, 38, 69, 87, 94, 124, 126, Human Rights, 30, 37, 42–4, 50, 55, 152, 230 57–60, 68–9, 73–4, 78, 142, 149, in utero, 100, 220 155, 157, 183 inversion, 175, 206 hysterectomy, 153, 180–1 invisibility, 96, 99, 149, 196 in-vitro-fertilization (IVF), 143, 185

I identifi cation, 14, 32 J cross-gender, 175, 177 Judeo-Christian legal framework, 16, intersex, 8 29 . See also Christianity lesbian, 178–9 Jung, Carl Gustav, 20, 215, 278–9, 289 non-normative gender, 7, 169, justice 268 reproductive, 156 and photography, 190, 196, 198, social, 5, 98, 148, 172 203, 211 and transgender, 4, 180 identitarianism, transgender, 166, K 185 Kessler, Suzanne, 9, 21, 83–4, 86, ideology, 8, 13, 233 124, 145 of gender, 165, 169, 231 kinship, 170, 184 of sex/gender binary, 86–7, 92 Klinefelter Syndrome, 22, 105, 124 ILGA-Europe, 47, 50–1, 53 Klöppel, Ulrike, 117, 120, 125 immigration, 183–4 inclusion, social, 49, 116, 133, 135–6, 233, 247–8 L integrity, 50, 55–6, 142, 149, 215 labor, 34, 171–2, 177, 181–4, 189, intelligibility, 5, 20, 142, 156, 254–5, 195 258, 261, 265, 267–8 Lacan, Jacques, 170, 234, 244, 281 intercourse, sexual, 88, 92–4, 146–7, Lang, Claudia, 124, 152–3 156, 285, 289 language, 12, 15, 137, 145, 147, 151, International Olympic Committee 155, 174, 181, 255, 268–9, 281, (IOC), 67–9, 71–2 . See also 291 Olympics La tête en bas (Noelle Chatelet), 19, internet, 59–60, 113, 168 . See also 238, 242 avatar; blog; Second Life Le clavecin (Didier Odier), 19, 238 interpenetration, 206–7, 209 legal recognition, 4, 31, 38–41, 48, Intersex Society of North America 67, 73, 145, 148 (ISNA), 118, 253, 269 legal sex, 31–8, 41, 59, 96, 121 302 INDEX

legitimacy, trans claim to, 105–6, 123, Metamorphoses (Ovid), 19, 234, 236, 127, 173 240–1 . See also gods, Greek lesbianism, 99, 182, 260, 286, 291 . Middlesex (Jeffrey Eugenides), 20, See also tribadism 256–73 LGBT, 16, 18, 29–31, 44–7, 51–4, migration, 68, 167, 181–2, 184 56–7, 101, 168, 174 mirror, 190, 221, 257–8, 261 LGB/T*/Q/I, 142, 144–5, 147, Mitgift (Ulrike Draesner), 19, 236, 149–51, 155–6 239, 241 livability, 128, 133, 172, 180, 261–2, Mojs, Martijn, 46, 54 265, 269 Money, John, 126, 246–7, 264, 272 loss of sexual sensation, 94, 153 monster/monstrosity/monstrous, love, 34, 52, 184, 190, 193, 198, 220, 128–9, 198, 236, 239, 253, 261, 259–60 264, 269 moral/morality, 16, 30, 46, 56 Morland, Iain, 8–9, 23 M movement machismo , 279, 289 intersex rights, 2, 22, 116 male-to-female (MTF), 117, 149 LGBT rights, 49, 52, 54, 57 transgender, 184 transgender rights, 5, 48, 50, 272 transsexual, 36, 40–1 music, 237–42, 268 trans woman, 40, 48, 58, 92–3 Muslim, 182–3, 292 marginalization, 1, 9, 11, 169 mutations, 195, 198 marimachas , 175 mutilation, 22, 94, 153 Maronati, Simo, 196–7 myth, 15, 170, 248, 254, 265, marriage, 33–4, 36, 38, 56, 68, 73, 269–70, 290 134, 235 masculinity, 2–3, 8, 11, 13, 70, 87, 122, 183, 193, 234 N in Boys Don’t Cry , 279, 287, 289 narrative, 14, 20, 221, 234, 236–8, in Middlesex , 263–4 240, 255–6, 278, 289, 292, 294 . in photography, 193, 195, 214 See also storytelling in Stone Butch Blues , 266 nation, 29, 46–7, 52, 54, 166, in Trumpet , 259–60 182–4 materiality, 12, 125, 127–9, 167, 170, naturalization, 22, 145, 149, 151, 255 153, 263 material body, 11, 127, 259–60 nature/nurture debate, 19, 125, 189, material sex, 130, 134, 136 225, 227, 272 medical practitioners/profession, Noble, Jean Bobby, 21, 137, 257–8 9, 33, 36–8, 40, 85, 87, normalization, 9, 52, 85, 87–9, 92, 90, 99, 116, 124–6 . See also 94, 97–8, 100, 107, 126, 152, doctors 227–8 mental health, 37, 58 normativity, 144, 169, 185, 292 INDEX 303

O photography, 19, 189–223 , 237, 245 . Olympics, 67–9, 71–2, 74 . See also See also art International Olympic Committee Polaroid, 190, 205–6 (IOC) solarization, 190, 206, 214 onnabes , 175, 177 triptych format, 214–15, 219 optimal gender policy, 159, 272 pleasure, 159, 198, 215, 221, 293 otherness, 46, 177, 182, 267, 291–2 poetry, 237–8, 240 ovaries, 105–6, 109, 145, 150 police, 9–10, 49, 266, 286 pornography, 93–4, 168, 193, 236, 267 P portraiture, 156, 212, 214, 265 pain, 120, 195, 244 anti-, 212 Paper Dolls (Tomer Heymann), 184 self-, 190–1, 195, 201, 203, 214, parenthood, 220–1 222 of intersex children, 83, 87–9, poverty, 180, 184 95, 99, 102, 153, 159, power 226–7 disciplinary, 228, 230 passing, 89, 91, 134, 177, 183, 198, male, 266–7, 287 222, 257–8 . See also stealth masculine, 170 pathologization, 4–5, 50, 124–5, 134, phallic, 171, 260 148, 254, 262, 267, 270–1, 273 Preciado, Paul B. [Beatriz], 185, 212 penis, 32–3, 36, 39, 57–8, 70, 83, 91, pregnancy 95, 105–6, 109, 145, 238, 260 . female, 144, 148, 152 See also dildo; phallus of intersex people, 154 performance, 121, 134, 182, 259, male, 12, 151–2, 156–8 270, 273, 291 non-repronormative, 149–51, authentic, 260–1 156 bodily, 129 pregnant man, 152, 157–8, 161 performativity, 115, 117, 121, 125, Pregnant Punctum, 219–20 127, 165–7, 173, 189, 254, 273, prejudice, 50, 53, 285, 288–9, 292 283, 290 pride, 11, 97, 101, 130 Personenstandsgesetz , 142 prison, 180–1, 184 phallus, 109, 170, 287 . See also dildo; privacy, 38, 47, 55, 267 penis procreation, 141–60 , 235 . See also pharmaco-pornographic regimes, 185 pregnancy; repronormativity phenomenology, 227–8, 230, 246 prohibition, 17, 68–70, 75–7, 226, philosophy, continental, 169, 232–3, 231–2 237 pronouns, 133–4, 223, 272–3 phobia Prosser, Jay, 12, 19, 23, 84, 96, 123, homo-, 51–2, 286 137, 166–7, 257 trans-, 51, 54, 101–2, 106–8, 169, protection, 48, 53, 55–6, 100, 145, 184–5, 259 207, 227 304 INDEX

psychiatry, 228, 230, 246 resistance, 4, 7, 13, 19, 21, 51, 118, psychoanalysis, 118, 169–70, 172, 120, 170, 228, 233, 244, 246 228, 245–6 rhetoric, born this way, 101, 123, 127 . puberty, 94, 96, 145, 150, 198 See also essentialism punishment, 31, 35, 57, 181, 263, 266 rights civil, 100–1, 130 LGBT, 30–1, 42, 45, 47, 50, 54–6, Q 62, 142 queer, 5, 7, 56, 103, 117, 141, 166–7, minority, 43, 45 173–4, 179, 181–3, 185, 190, 220 pension, 41 queering, 193, 257 privacy, 40 queer theory, 18, 20, 122–3, 130, 171, reproductive, 145, 149, 155, 158 174, 183, 189, 278, 284, 293 social, 55, 100 ritual, male-bonding, 281, 293 Rubin, Henry, 84, 166, 176 R race, 5, 8, 52, 158, 172, 180–4, 269, 292 . See also whiteness S rage, male, 287 sanctions, 43, 47, 71 Rankin, Susan, 125, 272 Sarrasine (Honoré de Balzac), 19, rape, 57, 201, 266–7, 286 . See also 241–2 abuse; violence scars, 22, 91, 196, 267 recognition Second Life, 84, 89, 99, 108 . See also institutionalized, 142, 144, 148 internet legal, 31, 38, 45, 48 self, 4, 191, 198, 212, 215, 220–1, medical, 142, 149 261, 267 social, 31, 147 categorization, 134–6 struggle for, 134–5 creation of, 8, 15–16 Reeser, Todd, 7, 13, 21, 72 determination of, 18, 116, 124, Reis, Elizabeth, 33, 35, 86, 94 132, 155 rejection, 87, 93, 124–5 fragmentation of, 171 religion, 29, 40, 46, 54, 182, 215, 231 perception of, 260 representation, 20, 128–9, 149, 180, self-understanding, 23, 123, 127–8 191, 193, 207, 238–9, 255, 265, Semenya, Caster, 1 269–70 . See also depiction Serano, Julia, 84, 93, 273 ancient, 193, 240, 242 services, medical, 37, 50, 96, 106 socio-cultural, 147, 156 sex . See intercourse, sexual repression, 228, 244, 290 biological, 2, 4, 32, 122, 245, reproduction . See pregnancy; 263, 279, 284, 286–7, procreation; repronormativity 289–90 repronormativity, 18, 141–60 . See also determination, 31, 34–6 pregnancy; procreation development, 119, 153 INDEX 305

and gender, 10–11, 16, 70, 78, 83, intersex, 8, 10, 22, 87, 95, 120, 97, 121, 135, 143, 166, 222, 152–3, 159, 230, 264 292 trans, 4, 88, 91, 96, 100, 104, 167, intermediate, 11, 84–6, 91, 95, 100, 258 109 transsexual, 20, 38–9, 48, 67, 285 material, 130, 134, 136 survival, 13, 172, 185, 258 variance, 87–8 sexual identity, 14, 16, 177, 247 T orientation, 49–51, 56, 119, 207, taboo, 91, 93, 195, 221, 283, 285, 245 291 practices, 7, 51, 135, 173, 178, testes, 105–6, 109 180, 291 testosterone, 4, 70–1, 90, 92, 97, 109, sex work, 177–8 119 Soudarajan, Santhi, 72 The Well of Loneliness (Radclyffe Hall), space, transgressive, 266–7 135, 257, 271 Spade, Dean, 84, 91, 145 tolerance, 135, 166, 175 sperm, 145, 150, 153, 220 tombois/tomboys/toms, 175, 177–9, sporting bodies, 68, 70, 73–5, 77 288 sports participation, 16–17, 67–79 Tomboy (Céline Sciamma), 277–93 stability, 4, 22, 166, 175, 215, 282 torso, 207, 214 state, the, 31, 37–8, 43, 96, 166, 183, torture, 49, 55 248, 266–7 T-Po system, 178 stealth, 89, 91, 99 . See also passing trans asterisk, 223, 271 stereotypes, 50, 193, 254, 283, 288 Transgender Europe, 49–50, 53 sterilization, 48, 149, 181 . See also transgenderism, 18, 21, 165–7, 169–71, fertility 174–5, 177, 179–81, 184–5 forced, 53, 142, 157 transgression, 8, 21, 169, 239, 266–7, stigma, 17, 50–1, 91–5 , 97–8, 100–1, 282, 286 107–8, 159, 272 transition, 58, 84, 89–92, 96, 100–1, Stone Butch Blues (Leslie Feinberg), 105–7, 109, 120, 134, 156, 185, 20, 135, 137, 158, 256–72 190, 219, 226, 257–8 . See also storytelling, 265, 292 . See also gender, change of narrative medical, 11, 89–90, 96–7, 100 strength, 77–8, 83, 280, 285, 293 transmogrifi cation, 222 Stryker, Susan, 2, 5–7, 10, 12, 20–3, transsexual, post-, 90–1, 101 117, 151, 158, 168, 272 Transsexuellengesetz (TSG) , 142, 156 suicide, 35, 51, 53, 172 Treaty of Lisbon, 55–6, 60 surgery tribadism, 34–5, 58 . See also lesbianism coercive, 11, 94–5, 118, 126, 159 Trumpet (Jackie Kay), 20, 135, cosmetic, 12, 167–9 256–73 feminizing, 95, 101, 104, 212, 264 Turner Syndrome, 22, 58 306 INDEX

U wealth, 31–2, 35, 46, 97, 176, 201, 278 uterus, 106, 109, 145, 150, 181 Western cultures, 10, 18, 22, 141–2, 144, 151, 154–6, 182, 265 V societies, 16, 18, 83, 88, 91–2, 141, vagina, 34, 39, 88, 91, 239 149, 279 vaginoplasty, 101 whiteness, 6, 12, 21, 46, 155, 158, victimization, 51, 169 175–6, 179–81, 193, 203, 273, violence, 36, 50–2, 84, 92–3, 171–2, 279, 289 . See also race 186, 225–6, 228, 231–2, 244–5, Whittle, Stephen, 10, 16, 21, 23, 117, 266–7, 269, 273, 282–3, 286 . See 120–3, 127, 136, 148, 272 also abuse; rape Wieringa, Saskia, 173–4, 176 visibility, 91, 99, 142, 148, 155, woman . See also male-to-female 181–2 androgynous, 176 Volcano, Del LaGrace, 19, 128–9, masculine, 169, 176–7, 179 242–3 wound, 219–20, 258, 266 Hermaphrodyké: Self Portraits of Desire , 198 H&rM Portfolio , 193 Y SEX WORKS , 212 Yogyakarta Principles, 54, 226 Sublime Mutations , 195–6, 198 youth, 195–6 . See also adolescence Voss, Hans-Jürgen, 135, 142, 148, 157–8 Z Zhou, Jiang-Ning, 23, 37, 58, 119 W Zwischengeschlecht , 245 war, 1, 42, 45, 187, 232, 247, 263 Zwitter , 236, 239