THE

H STY OHENZ OLLERN DYNA ,

MOTIVE AND MOVEMENT

Meekness is weakness Force is triumphant All th rou gh th e world ’ St i is Th o s d a ill t r y. x1 O — — Christianity and t his is its highest m erit has in som e

de ee o te e but it could n ot e t t t— e n o gr s f n d , d s roy ha G rma j y ’ tt e Th or W t h is t a e Wi l at ast of ba l . , i h gian s h mm r, l l

s i d tte o it th e t ic a d s pr ng up an sha r t b s Go h c the ral .

H e Heinrich ein .

C L AY h i A C C AU L E Y

1 9 1 6

R FA P E TORY NOTE .

I u o e t a t a s a m a t t er f s p p s h , o c o urse , t h e m a i n j u dg men t whi ch I h a ve d ra wn from t h e st u dies su m m a ri z e d in t his lit t le b o ok h a s b een n m n ot er , gi v e by a y h s b u t it h a s n ot h a pp en ed t o m e t o m eet it

u t a s ere re en t on b e j s h p s ed . I h a v e l g lieved t h a t t h e p res en t Ge rm a n Em p i re c a m e in t o be i n g a s t h e r es u lt o f a n a g gressive dyn a st i c m o v e m en t wh o s e b egi n n in gs la y in t h e fa r p a st in t h e a m bit i ou s d rea mi n gs of t h e ruler o f a p et t y Germ a n

t a t a n d w o e ro wt t ro u c en S e ; h s g h , h gh t u rie s o f n a t o n a c t u e h a d b een i l v i issi d s , m a d e p re ser v i n g a n d a d v a n c i n g a ll t h e

in m ot N o t a t t t h e o r a e . while ig l i v w, h hi s dyn a st i c a ggre ssi on h a s b e en s o d i rect ed a s t o i n v o l v e m o st o f t h e l ea d i n g p e opl e s o f t h e w orld in a wa r o f u n p re ced en t ed

t t o n I a e v en t u re v iolen c e a n d d e v a s a i , h v d t o br i n g t oget her here s om e o f t h e fa ct s w c c on fi rm a n d i u t ra t e m u m en t hi h ll s y j d g ,

3 5 7 0 6 4 4 PREFATORY NOTE . h op i n g t here by t o c on t ribut e s om ewha t t o t h e u n er t a n n rec en t ro w n d s di g, ly g i g

c ea r o f t h e n n r m e a n n o f t h e a wfu l , i e i g l

c o n fl ct a n d o b t o e a id t o t o e i ; , p ssi ly , gi v h s wh o a re st ruggli n g t o d e fen d t h e n a t ion s from t h e e r t rea t n n t em p il h e i g h . I wa s resid en t fo r t hree yea rs in Ger m a n y d i rect ly a ft e r t h e fo u n di n g o f t h e

Ge r a n Em re t h a t n o I h m p i w is . a d ex

c ellen t o ort u n t e t en fo r ee n t h pp i i s , h , s i g e sprea d i n g of t h e i n fl u en ce a m on g t h e S o ut h Germ a n S t a t es o f t h e a i m s a n d

m et o o f Ho en z o ern Pru I h ds h ll ssi a . d id n ot disce rn t h e full p u rp o rt o f t h e ex p a n

on o f t h e a rro a n t a u t oc ra c b ut I si g y , s a w en o ugh t o b e a ro u s ed wit h t h e feeli n g t ha t it b o d e ill fo r p o lit i c a l freed om a n d p o p ul a r go v ern m en t 111 t h e St a t e s ga t here d u n d er

t h n e om n on a n d I fe t a l o t e w d i i ; l , s , ha t t h e Em p i re whi ch h a d b een b egun wo uld

b c o m a f rm a b e e en t o u n ot t h e e o id l , v h gh e

’ m a st er s o v ere ign t y a m on g t h e w o rld s

eo Th e re a n a t t a t t m e o f a p pl es . di g h i

n f t h a w c I a e rec a e in o v el o e d y , hi h h v ll d

t h e fo ow n a e a e ec u a r id ll i g p g s , g v p li v i v n m r n B f ou r e s t o fo eb o . u t o c e I s y di g , s , did n ot t h en fore s ee a n y su ch ra p id m a t u r in g o f p u rp o s e a s c a m e wi t h t h e a ccessi on t o t h e I m p er i a l t h ro n e o f t h e p re s en t K a is er o r a pp rehen d a n y su c h sp ee dy a n d rut hle ss t it a n i c a ssa ult u p o n t h e li bert i es a n d r i ght s o f m a n k i n d a s is n o w be i n g m a d e .

I n t h r a t on of t e e a e I a e e p ep a r i h s p g s , h v n ot c it e d v ery m a n y o f t h e v ol u m i n ou s pert i n en t hi st o ri c a l it em s a v a ila ble ; b ut

I n ou o f t em I b e e e ha v e rec a lle d e gh h , li v , t o m a ke pl a i n wh a t I m u st j u dge i s in h e r en t ly t ru e o f t h e m ot i v e a n d m o v em en t

t h e Ho en z o e rn o f Th e D yn a st y o f h ll s .

h t o r ca fa c t u e I a e M o st of t e his i l s s d , h v t a k en from a rt i c le s a pp ea ri n g in t h e En cy

l i B r t a n n c a a n d fro m D r . Geo r e c op a ed a i i , g ’ “ P F er O ut n e o f Un i er a His . . i sh s li s v s l ' o t er u o t a t o n I a e t o ry . F o r h q i s , h v

“ n a m ed t h e a ut h or i t i e s a l o ng wi t h t he i r

t n st a em e t s . I n p a ssi n g n ow t o it s rea d ers wha t I

I t o s a fu rt er t a t I ha v e writ t en , wish y h h , 6 P F RE ATORY NOTE . a m e r u n wi n a t n t m e e en t o v y lli g, a y i , v

eem t o b e a t rre r u f t r fe b u t a s s s i p o s i ; , t h e c o u r e of e en t t re en t I s ee s v s i s a p s , m u ch m ore in t h e a wfu l Eu rop ea n c on fl i c t t ha n j u st a st ruggle a m on g a m b it i ou s dyn a st i es a n d riv a l n a tion s fo r s om e ga i n fo r t eir c o et ou n n I s ee h v s ess o r a m b i t i o . c er e bert n o c a h i sh d li y , i di v id u a l a n d s i l , t oget her wit h p o p ul a r a n d rep re sen t a t i ve

o ern m ent a m on n on g v g a ll n a t i o s , l g

a bo re fo r a n d a r on —I ee a ll t es e l d h d w , s h

r a ur r ou i I t is be t e s es se i sly mp er illed . c a u s e I a m s oli c it ou s fo r wh a t I b eli e v e t o b e fu rt hera n ce o f t h e r ight fu l welfa re o f .

u ma n t n fo r a t b r n t o t h e h i y , a d wh will i g

’ world s p eoples t h e on ly p ea c e wo rt h

a in a n d k e n t a t I re ea t m h v g e pi g, h p y

t ea j udgmen t here a n d m a k e hi s pl .

CL AY M AC CAUL E Y .

o ' n . Toky , apa

c 1916 . Mar h ,

-d mo e th in the era h m h t t h e To ay, r an any o r of u an is ory, e h e m e e t t t h e t e m en promis as b co sur , ha dominion of j us ic among w e e e and of peace on th e e arth is t o prevail e very h r . Ev n t th e e t e th e e e t should his promise fail for n ar fu ur , and pr s n t t th e N t e e e t urgid mili arism of a ions, by som vil mov in poli ics , be e t t e t t e it s e e ce I e forc d again in o ac iv hos ili i s, v ry viol n , dar e e e th e a t t w t it th e t th e b li v , and de v s a ion rough by in mids of ’ e d e e e t H t N ew te t spl ndi achi v m n s of umani y s In rna ionalism , ‘ w d t e and o th e e s ee i e i e a ce oul h n, nly mor p d ly, bring d l v r n ’ Witha . l K

From Signs of Peace for the World.

CLAY MACCZI ULEY .

’ e a s t e be I th k th e ee e t of th e If G rm ny rag dy , as in , d p s all , h e t t sh e t oo w be t e th e Pe te t op is ha , , ill ouch d by n cos of t k h er s P t o w sh e e it Calami y, and pluc oul from russia, hom gav ' in 1870. Thus shall th e curse be lifted . “ / a Fro m The Pen ecost of Ca l mity .

O WEN Wl sr rn THE

HOHENZ OLLERN D YNASTY ;

MOTIVE AND MOVEM ENT .

— Some time ago I read a story the n ame of the A author an d the ti tle have pas sed from memory .

Of n in w n e s bit graphic descriptio it , ho ever , so i t re ted

c n en I . me, be ause of passi g ev ts , that copied it

FI NI S GERMANI AE .

was That the last shot, said the burgomaster .

is on n wa s in u —a It l g si ce the first fired Prag e ,

n n n n a whole ge eratio . Si ce the , Bohemi has lost two

n an d in n n millio s out of its three, the Rhei pfalz o ly a

n fiftieth part of its i nhabita ts remain . Saxon y has lost one million out of its two ; Augsburg does n ot n ow coun t more than eighteen thousan d out of its

e n . I n o ighty thousa d our p or Bavaria , two years ago ,

i a a on e un n u n m fl me . h dred villages we t p s oke ,

n l n n n n n and Hesse ame ts seve tee tow s , seve forty c an d n n n astles four hu dred villages . Germa y has bee

w o n cu t e laid aste, t r to pieces , off from all s as , left w ou an d e ith t air, choked has miserably perish d .

Finis Germaniaie. THE HOHE NZOLLERN DYNASTY ;

He emptied his glass and wen t home to sleep

for t — quietly , the firs time after thirty years, thirty ' terrible years . As I read this portrayal of the awful desolation that befell Cen tral Europe less than three hun dred ' a o — w “ Y years g , the aste of The Thirty ears War,

—I n w I was n use in on on k e that readi g , for ficti , ly

u n what a the tic history more than confirms .

H - 48 T IRTY YEARS OF RAVAGE '1618 16 .

When the account of that war could at last

n the n t be made, the populatio of Germa S ates had fallen from about thirty million s to less than hal f

n m The s u h ad that u ber . barbarities of the tr ggle

n in in c . n n m c bee , fact, des ribable Eve the u ar ed p pu

was e I lace tr ated with brutal ferocity . read that

c a and w n nnu ities , villages , c stles , d elli gs i merable were burned to the groun d ; that the ma ny com “ munities were given up to the u nbridled passion s of ' and r an d n a fierce greedy soldie y , that the cou try “ ' a i n u t d w s n ma y places red ced almost o a esert .

and n w c o Commerce i dustry ere practi ally destr yed .

Politically the country was in chaos . All semblance of real unity h ad disappeared from the German peo

e and e l i e o pl s , their medi va Emp re had b c me a

m n o n n e S do ai comp sed of ma y hu dreds of p tty tates,

avn n o n n n n n n n h i g i terdepe de ce, all givi g o ly a omi al allegiance to a figure- head E mperor ; each little 11 MOTIVE AND MOVEMENT . sovere ig n ty maki ngfor itself such gen eral agencies as

w o n an d an d s la s , c i s, weights mea ures each support in o n n an and g a m re or less i sig ific t army , each

c n I n pro laimi g absolute govern men t for its ruler .

in n I deed , the burgomaster, the ovel from which have quoted seemed to have passed a n irrevoc able

m n Fin is Gemnan ia e judg e t,

Y et n w flow in n , as all k o , this same Germa y,

a — o n empire has re ppeared , empire , far m re exte ded , far m ore populous an d far mightier tha n that of the hapless States maki ng the Imperial German y of the S even teen th Ce ntury ; an d this new empire is to day porten tously at war with almost all the other n n u e s n c e e atio s of E rop , arou i g by its impla abl aggr ss

iveness f the concer n o the whole world .

N A SIGNIFICA NT OVEL.

n c n Recalli g this marvellous historic o trast, the

n me —Howwas no query aturally came to , this e r mous cha nge brought about ; an d what does Ger

’ many s prese n t stupen dous war portend ' I remem

n n n n bered , the , the readi g of a other story , more tha

a o w n I was n forty years g , he a stude t at Heidelberg n I n e U iversity . At that time, became deeply i ter sted in the book because of its exposition of a momentous o n purp se eviden tly stirringthe mi n d of its author . Agai an d n u n sinCe agai , d ri g the years that have passed

n a e o r w h the , I h v th ught over cur ent even ts ith t at 12 THE HOHENZOLLERN DYNASTY ;

’ i story s purpose n memory . I recall n ow but little

m n n n of the book , except that, without e tio i g the

nco- r n n Fra P ussia war just closed , or the ewly pro

n w n claimed Empire of Germa y , the story , hose actio

in n an n n lay a dista t past, was e thusiastic glorificatio

of n one m n d the visio of famous Ger a ruler, of a y n asty to come from his own family which should be domi na n t over all German ic peoples an d supreme

amon g the govern ments of the n ation s aroun d it .

H H H N N S N T E O E ZOLLER VI IO .

The story represen ted life in the castle of one of

n n fi rst — the Hohe zoller electors , that of the , Fred

' —I n in mid- n erick of Nuremberg thi k, the Fiftee th

n . in n l an en n n Ce tury It was , ge era , tertai i g recital of the doings of brave knights an d fair women

’ a tale of love s joys an d woes of struggles an d fateful

n issues . But, through it all , moved the perso of the

E n n n his m n lector, co sta tly dreami g of the rise of do ai ,

in m n n n some future , to I perial gra deur ; his desce da t . successors holdin g the thron e by warran t Of absolute

n and n n sovereig ty, e forci g their will with irresistible

ow . was n p er Published , as the story , almost co tem poraneously with the foun din g of the Germa n Empire

n o n n n and that w is , over which a li eal desce da t true heir of the Hohen zollern family of Bra n den burg had

n n ed r just bee proclaimed the divi ely favor rule , the book became n otably sign i fica n t to me as an interpreter AND MOTIVE MOVEMENT .

of the memora ble even t and it opened the way to a satisfyi ng a nswer to the question I had asked .

S - ’S VAR REAL CAU E OF TO DAY GREAT N .

I see the German Empire of tod ay at war with

n n on n n early all the ati s arou d it , esse tially , because of its pursui t of the purpose which lo ng ago became the motive force of the House that holds practical

’ in dictatorship the Empire s career .

THE H H N N N H O E ZOLLER S I ISTORY.

L et the followi ng pertinen t sequence of facts be

n associated with the assertio just made . Historically ,

n it is true that , five hu dred years ago, a small pro

n n n n n vi ce amo g the ma y hu dreds of petty Germa .

e — n Stat s , them the Margravate , or Electorate of Bra d en bu r n m n g, whe it was al ost o the verge of political

n n —was n in n exti ctio , tra sferred , gratitude for certai

i o n serv ces , by its l rd , the Emperor Sigismu d , to a

o n n b S uth Germa cou t , Frederick of Nurem erg , a

n member of the old prin cely House of Hohe zollern . 1 O n This gift was made in the year 14 5 . October l st l 1915 n n n and of the ast year, , a li eal desce da t

n n n n ow heir of that favored Hohe zoller Cou t , ruler of

m e an n n I perial G rm y , se t the followi g reply to a c ongratulatory telegram received from his Prussian Ministry ' 14 THE HOHENZ OLLERN DYNA STY ;

My warmest thanks to the Ministry of State for its i n spiri ng words by which it re newed on the day of the 500th a n n iversary of th e reign of my House over I n n Bra n den burg its vow of loyalty . reviewi g half n n n - n a thousa d years of Bra de burg Prussia history , ’ n n God s guidan ce appears to have bee wo derful . t h e “ an d m Across depths the heights , y House has been raised from the Electoral hat to the Imperial crown an d a smallM ark to the cen tre of th e Germ a n E en an d n mpire, whose str gth power have bee so bril liantly proved to frien d an d foe in the presen t war of

n n . the atio s , the greatest of all times u n w h With f ll humility , I ack owledge , together it n L the Germa people , that thus far the ord has n helped us . May he he ceforth graciously assist us an d n wh o n guide the Germa people sta d together, n te and i u i d imperturbable, ready for all sacr fices , through the dark days of se vere affliction to the bright Sun light of pe ace to n ew an d vigorous work ; to the roa d a rked ut b divine rov d m o y p i ence .

’ THE N N B N NB M A CIE T RA DE URG ARGRAVES.

From the Fifteen th Ce n tury Bran de nburg Elector

to the Twen tieth Cen tury Germa n Emperor- autocrat

a n e n . Yet is asc t almost immeasurably exalted , it has been made ; an d it was made as the direct culmin a

on of n ti the moveme t of a political motive which , very

e in n was an d arly these ce turies , produced thereafter

as n an d s w persiste tly cherished erved . I n the Mark of Bran den burg before it was givento

n n — n n Cen the Hohe zoller s , from eve the Thirtee th

u — w of the was' o un t ry, the po er Margrave alm st limit AND E MOTIVE MOV MENT . 15

ed om . His d ain possessed an indepen den t importance an d he c out we an n arried , so read , i depen de nt policy

wa n ot in an o n m a y paralleled y ther Germa Mark .

The was co the Emperor still , of urse, suzerain of the

oun n c try , yet his relatio s with it exercised only a small

nfl n n i ue ce towards the shapi g of its development . These facts became but the m ore characteristic of th e Electorate when the Hohenzollern was accepted as its o l rd .

THE H H N S EARLY O E ZOLLERN .

Frederick of Nuremberg fproved himself equal to

the task he had received . He saved the imperilled

n Mark from its da gers . He secured a good measure n e n an d h of i t r al order, made his subjects feel t at the

as t central power w a fact which could n o be ig nored . D uring the first cen tury after th e Hohenzollern

n in n en was l n o n ; Dy asty Bra d burg estab ished , otice

t n w in n ably impor a t stages ere passed , the developme t

f its d n e ot . u o isti ctiv m ive This first r ler , Frederick ,

o c e n n in th e h wever, be am a oticeable figure , eve Imperial politics ; an d in 1438 he was actually a ca n e n a on didat for the Imperial thro e . With good re s

er th e o e c n the writ of st ry I hav re alled , glorifyi g the i nception of the aggressive mon archy of the German

r in e c e be n Empi e that thes days has om to , fou d 11 th e person of this Elector the prototype of the 16 THE HOHENZOLLERN DYNASTY ;

’ over - lord needed to lead in his country s victorious

n asce t . th e n u con His son, Frederick Seco d , so ght to

’ solidate his father s strong person al powers an d

n . con to expa d the Electorate , territorially He

n and n its quered Berli , built a royal castle i side

Walls . ’ who c Frederick s brother, Albert (Achilles) , ame

in 1470 n his n con i nto power , e larged provi ce

siderabl n u . o n y, by co q est His special imp rta ce for our retrospect is in the fact that he established the

n e n n privilege of primoge iture , which , k epi g the Bra d

u n n enb rg possessio s together , greatly co tributed to the

n n n n furthera ce of the Hohe zoller dy astic aim . To

en d of n r n t wards the the ce tu y , Berli became the sea

n s of the Electoral court . L ear in g wa encouraged throu ghout the realm

n ' n la w U der the Elector oachim , Roma was

n n n n i troduced , thereby improvi g the admi istratio of the courts . The head of the State was made the head of a State Church .

S n n A the Sixtee th Ce tury passed , other causes came i nto operatio n ten din g to assure for the comi ng Hohen zollern rulers a more gen eral absolutism in their govern

n n n m n n me t . The power belo gi g to a y tow s gradually

wa n n n n s gave y before the e ha ci g power of oble familie .

- n i The well bei g of the peasa n try steadily deter orated .

he r on s w e mo e and ore e n T i pers al right er r m w ake ed .

18 THE HOHENZOLLE RN DYNA STY

THE T 1640- 1688 GREA T ELEC OR ; .

— e At this stage of our retrospect, w are at the

n n n e middle of the Seve tee th Ce tury , we m et with a

n n n n comma ndi g Hohe zoller perso ality . He is Fred “ ' i n erick W lliam , called The Great Elector , u der

o n n and wh m Bra de burg , as the source regulative i power actuatin g the pecul ar developmen t of the pres

m i ifi ce en t n s n can . Germa Empire , became of arked j g

Y n n The Thirty ears War , had devastated the Bra de

a Of burg territory long with the rest 'cent ral Europe .

’ Nevertheless , such were the Great Elector s achieve

n n one n me ts , that his reig forms of the most sig al i nstan ces in history of the con quest of adverse circum ' “ t sta n ces by p ersonal e n ergy an d merit. A his death the n ew n orth German S tate of Bran de nburg Prussia was ap ower that had to be reckoned with in ' n n n all Europea combi atio s . At the outset of his

Frederick illiain m n n rule, this W deter i ed to co solidate the three widely separated Bra n denburg possession s ; an d to promote as m uch as p ossible their political

d a u nity an i ndustri l success . His efforts added g reatly to his person al political sovereign ty as well as to a n

in de enden ce f n A i ncrease of the p o his d omai . full

' n n — n third of the Bra de burg territory , the Prussia dis

trict — o n , lay outside the b u daries of the medieval Ger

m an e n n n n n Empire , th reby e ha ci g the Hohe zoller

nc I n n n n i ndepen de e . the administratio of his d omi io A D MOTIVE N MOVEMENT .

E an n n t n u the Great lector assumed u co di io ed r le . He

n n n r , in n n fou d Bra de bu g a way , a co stitutio al State . The legislative power was shared betwee n the Elector a n d t a Diet . He lef the Electorate to his suc

c in n a n n . essor as , substa ce , absolute mo archy He

n was his own premier an d gen eral . U der him the military an d bureaucratic systems which have Si nce charac terized this foremost amon g the German States

n an d en received their disti ctive method movem t .

’ n in 168 8 n The Great Elector s reig closed , resulti g in n n son the tra smissio to his , Frederick , of a State in ce n tral Europe secon d only to Austria in power an d prosperity .

THE K N M P SS —l 701 I GDO OF RU IA .

Un der the son of this Great Elector the h i ng

u n n n dom of Pr ssia came i to bei g . The Bran de

n burg Elector became then the Prussia n Ki g . This

n r u t Ki g F ederick did m ch to develop his capital ci y , d l an n n . Berli n . He great y en couraged art lear i g

B ut d , so far as the special aim of his House was serve , on n n a ly little was do e by him to carry it o w rd .

H H H N M ADVA NCE OF T E O ENZOLLER OTIVE .

n is ce o w n U der h suc ss r, ho ever, Ki g Frederick

in Of n h William the First, the early half the Eightee t

n n n I m Ce tury , the motive force of the Hohe zoller perialism received an especially well- defined expressio n 20 THE HOHENZOLLERN DYNASTY

n n an d a ma rked access of stren gth . The gover me t of this Ki n g took on what is n amed a Sp arta n ' “ h at h e n t rigor . \V did was do e wi h despotic

n . e nergy. He held his sovereig ty as wholly absolute He brought a formidable military autocracy i nto

n n n a h e bei ng . He was co trolled by the co victio th t was n n n divi ely e dowed as a patriarchal mo arch . He “ ' a w f n boasted th t his ill was a rock o bron ze . U der his mon archy great i ndustrial progress a n d gai n of b was . h e r wealth made y Prussia Moreover , c eat e d th e n ih e n n fi est army Europ , the . His regime t of

n giga n tic perso al guards is famous in Prussian hist ory .

n - e n n in Amo g other far r achi g acts , he broke dow , his own n u n n i terests , the fe dal rights of the Prussia obles “ an d he became k nown as th e Defen de r of Protest

tism D n n a n . t uri g his reig , it is said hat Prussia “ ' m a E beca e the model st te of urope , though its

“ ’ govern men t was wholly arbitrary an d the Ki n g s mi nisters were merely clerks used to regi ster his

' r m 1713 1740 decrees . He ruled f o to . His “ reig n is described as of the utmost impor tan ce from havi ng checked the threate ned d ow n

a n d ‘ fall of Prussia , paved the way for Frederick ’ “ son to w n a the Great , his , hom he left a stro g rmy

a nd a full treasury .

B SH MP - S S —1700—180 RITI E IRE OVER EA ; 0.

Duri ng this n otable developme n t of th e superior 0 MOTIVE AND MOVEMENT . 1 military autocracy aimed a t by th e Hohen zollern

n n on za ri a ssu th e Dy asty , there was goi g , almost ' p , expa n sio n a n d the establishme n t Of a n other mighty ' - The m v s . State , British E pire o er eas This Empire ,

w was not th e t rs n ho ever, produc of a pe o al or family ambition n or was it carried forward in the i n terests

s t d I s of a n autocratic or ab oluti s y n asty . t motive was the W id es t possi ble i n dust rial an d commercia l supremacy ; a nd its regulative force was osten sibly the furtherance of con sti tutio nal govern men t an d the

n t a m achieveme s of i ndividu lly free en . By mean s of m ri s a time power , the Briti h people sought foothold for their i n dustries a n d trade in all parts of the world a n d in n n s n , doi g this, they ofte forcibly took po sessio of desired la n ds a n d imposed upon them their laws a n d their methods of work .

E N T N TH A MERICA REVOLU IO .

I n n t n s v s s h ad America , for i s a ce , e eral Briti h group

t e C n on n e es ablished thems lves as olo ies , al g with colo i s

gatheri n g the re from several other n a tion alities . They

in s all d y grew with these others pro perity , gra uall

n n n t developi g i to free , democratic commu i ies all

comin a t n t n n n g, le g h , u der the i spiratio of the ideals of person al freedom a n d of popular govern men t i n here n t

in th e t n n n s i a n tradi io al Co stitutio ali m of Great Br t i , and all at last revol ti ng from the attempted tyranny of THE HOHENZOLLERN DYNASTY ;

n r t n n e a Germa B i ish Ki g , thereby becomi g, th mselves,

an n auto omous Republic .

E E an . lsewhere , the British mpire widely exp ded

as o n an d a ressrve Its rule w fte severe gg ; but always ,

n w n n c n at le gth , with ide i g s ope, guidi g its sway under imperson al la w an d with regard for the welfare of those upon whom its sovereign ty was im

i n dis o . n p sed The British Empire , fact, has bee

tin uish ed n not m g throughout its developme t , so uch by aggressive conquests of ma n y lan ds an d peoples ; a n d by arbitrary spoliatio n of property an d by per

n on an d so al cruelty the part its of promoters officials ,

n in the n run as by the service it has re dered , lo g , to

n f a nd the growth of i dividual freedom , o justice

n n of the ge eral welfare, eve among the peoples brought g u der its rule by the u se of a rmed

. s r in n t force The Briti h Empi e , co trast wi h that which through the same years was the Hohe n zollern

sen n n goal , was es tially that of co stitutio al , imperson al la w put over again st the p erson al will bf an absolute n mo arch .

‘ TFR ED E RI CK THE G REAT.

Resumi ng now our retrospect of the Hohenzollern

Imperialism , we come to the reign of the famous h eir

“ ' , n n a of the House k ow as Frederick the Gre t ,

was s t - who autocrat of Prus ia for the for y six years , etw n 1740 a d n 178 6. I n b ee this Frederick , the M E 2 MOTIVE AND OVEM NT . 3

v n e o e moti e force of his a c st r , the first Fr derick , had

a a most devoted recipient n d a successful promote r.

o l n n Ab ve all e se , he sought the territorial expa sio of his i n herited autocratic sovereign ty an d its political Al n n o . aggra dizeme t, by the use of military p wer

c n n most immediately after his ac essio , appare tly just

m c to gratify his I perial greed , he atta ked Silesia .

n in 1756 in u The , , order to make this spoil sec re, he

to c e n . n sought be ome mast r of Saxo y Hereupo , came

n Y s n The Seve ear War agai st allied Austria ,

n u an d n w Fra ce , R ssia Saxo y . After ards , troubles

l n bu t Hoh en zol mu tiplied ma y fold for Frederick , this

n n u n —a ler mo arch , tr e to the faith of his a cestors , faith markedly obtrusive in the uttera n ces of all the

n n n n — — Hohe zoller s , eve u til to day comforted himself an d u n cheered his followers with the pio s declaratio , ' n n Heave still sta ds by us .

’ f 1763 s n A ter , Frederick s aggre sive ess towards other i cou n tries was held n abeyan ce . He devoted his

’ energies to therestoration and promo tion of Prussia s

n a i dustrial n d commercial welfare . He proved him “ ' a s r in ea in so as self to be g eat p ce as war , it w said L iterature a n d philosophy had an extraordi nary period of developmen t u n der his pa tronage ; in mat

of n o n a ters religio , moreover, the m st ge erous toler tion

’

. Politicall Frederick s u n n prevailed y, r le co ti ued to be

erson and u m cons sten p al lti ate , i t with the Hohenzol THE HOHENZOLLERN DYNASTY ;

n e ler tradition an d habit . H was his own prime mi nister in the widest a n d most literal sen se of the

Th e m s n ame . people of his real were n o ob tacle to his will ; they had become almost servile in their attitude

towards their monarch . Every measure eman ated from the Ki ng himself ; the cou n try had learn ed to rely on

n in n n him alo e for help all emergencies . Public opi io on poli tical m atters could n ot be said to exist a nd the provi ncial diets m et simply to receive the i nstruo

n n r it tio s of the royal age ts . Frede ick , is true , de clared that the ruler lives for the sake of the i n n o . people , but he was measure a democrat H “ ' m a e n en l n y have b e a b evo e t despot, but he was , n ev r a s t o h e theless , de po he b re fait fully throughout

’ f f n his li e his amily s dy astic motive .

P S I N THE H HEN N N AU E O ZOLLER ADVA CE .

t a n l 78 6 Wi h the p ssi g of Frederick the Great ( ) , the

on r n a n d m l g g owi g mighty despotis of Prussia , togethe r with its promi sed leadership of th e German ic

l s e d e n n peop e , rec ive a s vere check ; the Hohe zoller “ ' n The Dy n as ty e nte red a Valley of Humiliatio . dream of autocratic Imperialism which had been co nstant in th e Hous e of Hohen zoller n from the B ra n de nbu rg Electorate i n to the Kin gdom of expa n d in ss n for n r n g Pru ia , persiste t early fou hu dred

a s w . ye r , seemed , for the time, to have faded a ay

26 THE HOHENZOLLERN D YNASTY

- methods of govern me n t in betteri ng the legal status of the people in the reorga n ization an d disciplin e of

r an d in v n es rit d u co s n the a my , re ivi g the p w ge eral

l n y of the populace . I read that the re volutio thus effected in Prussia has been aptly compared in its re

sults n in n to the great revolutio Fra ce but, while there

t in the reforms were exac ed by a people arms , here they were rather forced upon the people by the ' Crown .

P SS A I N N THE RU I AGA I LEAD .

n in It so happe ed , those years of the approach of the time when the fi n al defeat of the astoun ding

c n nt t r Corsi a adve urer was to ake place , that P ussia had agai n rise n to promi nen ce amon g the German ' I n n a n States . the mome tous B ttle of the Natio s ,

L in 18 13 n fought at eipzig , , the Allies, chief amo g

n s n v them bei g Pru sia , gai ed the ictory a victory

in c b on of n an d which , fact, se ured the li erati Germa y

n n n im restored to the Dy asty , of the Hohe zoller s its

’ e n n n was perill d leadership . Napoleo s co queri g career

e t at last effectually brought to. a close with his d fea “ d in 18 15 n at Waterloo . An , by The Co gress of ' n n u a n Vie a , Pr ssi regai ed most of the territory of

which she had been despoiled by Napoleon . She was otherwise so deal t with there that the objective of the

h n n n n r Ho e zoller Dy asty became, more tha eve , of

os b e n n The m n un re s of Ger p si l attai me t . a y h d d E AND M MOTIV OVEMENT . ma n es n Stat hitherto existe t, as they were rearran ged

’ on after Napole s fall , became practically but three

o n — an s vereig ties Prussia , Austria d the Rhen ish

n r n Co fede atio .

M S S M N ' 18 15- 1848 DE OCRACY TIR GER A Y .

Yet n , for some time thereafter , the Hohe zollern

on f d s n n m archy, because o the wide i semi atio of the i l n in n con deas back of the popu ar uprisi g Fra ce, was siderabl n n y embarrassed . Amo g the Germa peoples

n n n n ge erally , the Fre ch Revolutio had aroused lo g n t i gs for political freedom a n d n ation al u n i y . A n r th e n conse umber of the ulers of Germa States ,

n n n q ue tly , either promised , or gave State co stitutio s by which some show of civi l freedom appeared

n in no n amo g their subjects . But Germa State

’ n was the ruler s absolutism , thereby , more tha slight l of y modified . Frederick William the Third , Prussia , did all in his power to resist the aspiration s for represen tative govern me n t which had fou nd voice among his people The utmost con cession he made

t n a was o appoi nt a n umber of provi ci l diets , which ten ded rather to foster tha n to allay the ge neral dis

' con te n . n m t Duri g this period , Prussia ade a great gain in leadership amon g the other German States because of the establishmen t of a. widely i nclusive

u - a nd C stoms Un ion . Her prestige power were b the e n . too ther by ota ly adva nced At that time , , 28 THE HOHE Z OL LE RN D YNASTY I N liberals who had appeared amon g the people of Prussia were con sid erably en couraged ; it was their

u r n K n desire that their sovereign wo ld g a t to, the i g

s n n n n n . dom a repre e tative , co stitutio al gover me t

n With the accessio of FrederickWilliam the Fourth , “ in 18 40 n a x n , there was a ge er l e pectatio that the ' Ki n g would aba n don th e arbitrary ideas of his father .

“ And did h en ea a it app , after some critical y rs , th t in 18 47 an assembly was called by the Ki n g to meet

s n t i o h im the overeig , hat the people m ght lay bef re “ ' n n . m their lo gi gs for civil freedom This asse bly ,

l n w I read , tru y expressed the popular feeli g , but ith so d n a n d m n n e much mo eratio , with so a y assura c s

’

t it n ot l th e m m . of loyalty , hat could a arm ost ti id

r NVilliam e n e n Frede ick , how ver , was offe d d by its to e , a n d haughtily procl aimed th at he would n ever abate

’ th e rince h e rights which , as a lawful p , held by a ' n u n a t higher tha h ma u hority .

AN T MPT AT — 4 AT E REVOLUTION 18 8 .

I n n 18 48 t n in of the very ext year , , a revolu io favor

m n in F n an d lVestern de ocracy agai arose ra ce , all

e Europe came u n der its i n flue n ce . The popular x citemen t u m n m n n I n thro ghout Ger a y beca e i te se . the Prussia n capital it broke forth i n to threa ten ing v n a n d n n t nd n con vic iole ce ; the Ki g , otwi hsta i g his

n a a n n n tio th t he was autocrat by divi e right , seemi g ly gare way to the deman d of the time and d ecl ared V 29 MOTI E AND MOVEMENT . that he would l ead his people in the establishme nt of a constitution al gover n men t at home ; al so that he would joi n in a Germ an ic U n ion which sh ould mai n tai n the dig nity an d promote the prosperi ty of

ll n n n a the Germa ic atio s .

NST N SH I N PRUSS 185 - 1860 CO ITUTIO ALI IA 0 .

n x as The story of the e t decade , so far it relates to

' the movemen t of the domi n ati n g motive of the House of Hohe nzoller n is one of p eculiar i n terest ; n ot because

t a n a n t r u n bu t it ells of y m rked adva ce owa d f lfilme t, because of what it tells of varyi ng hazards in the m idst of th e p olitical struggles which then distracted all t a m Europe . The impulse towards poli ic l freedo a n d pop ular re prese nt rtive govern me n t h ad bec ome

n n n stro g throughout Germa y but , as the Germa s ' n o e n - had had exp rie ce of free political life , they could do b ut li ttle in Prussia towards maki ng effective use of the promise of Cdns titu tion alism which th ey

n had received from their Hohen zoller n mo arch . 8 A Prussia n n ation al assembly met in 18 4 . Arti cles for the promised con stitution were recei ved a nd

e O ne th e s w re con sidered . of articles propo ed

en t happ ed to provide that , thereaf er , it should

n ot n n be said of the Prussia Ki g , he wore “ ' n s his crow by the grace of God . This propo

a t n tion met o ce with extreme a n tagon ism . Some

e e n . n other articles wer alik revolutio ary The Ki g , 80 THE B OHE NZ OLLE RN DYNASTY

n u thereupo , tr e to the motive of his House, broke

with the liberals of the assembly . He reassem

a t n n n n bled the delegates Bra de burg ear Berli .

an n n be After impatie t waiti g, dissolved the gather

n n f in . n o own g The , u der the directio his advisers , he gra n ted to Prussia a con stitution a bout which the people had n ot bee n consulted an d h e gave orders for the election of a represe n tative Chamber u n de r its

v n . on on pro isio s This c stituti was revised later, but,

a a however it was afterw rds revised , it was lways “ revised with the main object of reducin g to a min i mum the power of the n ation al representatives an d ' a d n n th e of exalti ng n exte di g that of Govern men t .

n n 18 55 Duri g the Crimea War of , the p olitical reaction in fa vor of the Hohenzollern absolutism

n gai ned marked mome tum . The Prussian Gover n me n t appeared resolved to make up for its temporary submissio n to the popular will by the utmost violen ce

on which it could ven ture . A ge neral election took

in mn 1855 a n d as place the autu of , so harshly w the “ e xpression of Opi nion restrai ned that a Chamber was returned with scarcely a si ngle liberal eleme n t of ' “ n n serious importa ce . The Germa people seemed to have lost both the power and the will to asse rt

their rights . A slight reaction in favor of represen tative popular

n n in 18 58 n u n gover me t took _ place , whe the Pr ssia

n e n a w s Ki g had b come i s ne . His brother, after ard AND MOTIVE MOVEMENT .

n l a r Ki g Wi liam the First, assumed charge of aff i s as

t n in a a i rted n n . B u c c t Rege t whe the p Ki g , Frederick

in 18 6l a n d n n s William , died , the Pri ce Rege t as umed

u Prussia it n ot n n the r le of , was lo g before a vast cha ge — came over the Govern men t a chan ge whose logical

n th e n n ia issues brought about, at le gth , u precede ted ternation al con flict i n to which the leadin g peoples of

n Tecen tl a the world have bee y forced . \Vith the c

s n t n n ce sio of William the Firs , the way was soo ope ed

l n n n n for the ful resumptio by the Hohe zoller Ki g , of

d n t an d n the isti c ive motive of his House , its adva ce towards the un ivers al supremacy of which it is

n n avowedly the divi ely desti ed bearer .

THE H H N N S M PT O E ZOLLER REA S U ION .

Ki ng William was a true pri nce in the succession of

n n n n n the Hohe zoller Dy asty . He we t to his thro e

n with the resolve to u do, if possible , all that the 8 8 1 4 in n . Revolt of had effected his Ki gdom At first , he fou n d himself in check at almost every m ove he

' so n attempted . These obstacles were at varia ce with

in 18 62 his cherished dy nastic prerogatives , that , , he decided he would abdicate his thron e rather tha n

n submit to con stitution al limitatio ns . He eve prepar

a ed a writ of abdic tion . Then came a fateful mome nt ; - for Prussia a nd

n - n t n for Germa y i deed , as disclosed by af er eve ts ,

' —an d n ow in all n for all Europe , seemi g, for 32 THE HOHENZOLLERN D YNASTY

the world . The Ki n g was paci ng up a n d down a retired walk in the beautiful E n glish park ' his n s n of cou try home , Babel berg , so Poult ey

n n n Bigelow describes the sce e . The ewly appoi ted

n t -von Premier of the Mi istry , O to Bismarck , was with

n as n the Ki ng . The situatio w explai ed Bismarck

n an d h is a liste ed respectfully , gave as advice th t the

n n s n abdicatio ma uscript hould be tor up . They were sta n din g on a rustic bridge over a streamlet tricklin g

’ into the Havel a n d as the pieces fell from the Ki ng s

n n ha d the Prime Mi ister carefully picked them up , thus u nconsciously symbolizi ng the traditio nal attitude

- - n ' n i n . of the Prussia u ker to his a ms givi g , super lord

’ n t n on But said the Ki g , I must he carry the

overn rrrerrt a n a n d an g without a parli me t , where c I

fi nd n c n ' u a mi ister apable of doi g this Of co rse , Bismarck bowed the bargain was struck a n d from

n t r n e that mome t the wo conspirato s worked as o .

n an d a n The Commo s made speeches p ssed resolutio s , but the Cromwells of Pr ussia were in the pay of thei r Ki n g an d the represen tatives of the people were turned s' out of door .

B SM K AS MON H’S H MP N I A RC A ARC C A IO .

I n n ew ‘ lreir Bismarck, the of the storied first Hohe n zollern Elector gai ned a mighty guardian an d a

n n valia t champio . He made the sacred mission of

n n r the Hohe zoller autoc acy his own, to protect and to

T HE H H E R D NAST 34 O ENZOLL N , Y Y

and c under the direction of civil legislatures ourts .

n u n D I his first speech before the Pr ssia iet , which soon became only a n omi n al expression of the wishes or m n a the judg e ts of the people, Bism rck made the memorable declaration that the lon ged for unity of

’ was to o ot Germany be brought ab ut , n by speeches

n ot e n n r f s by agr eme ts o by votes o majoritie , but by “ d ' blood an iron .

HE N E H H N N N T W O E ZOLLER A DVA CE .

What Bismarck did to realize an d to fulfil the ori ginal dyn astic purpose wh ich had bee n aroused to fresh clearness an d power in the new Hohen zollern Sove

n n h n n n ot be e reig he had bee c ose to serve , eed r called

n ow n . n at le gth Eve ts , from the first, moved rapidly .

n - n n a The old , perplexi g Schleswig Holstei questio w s

u n t n a t p shed to a solutio sa isfyi g to Prussi , despite he

a n n dis pproval of ma y of the other Europea Powers . Then came the war with Aust ria forced by Pr ussia on that Empi re the s uccessful issue of which ex pelled Austria from German y and left its rival in undisput “ e n . n n x n s ed poss ssio Prussia a e ed Ha over, Hes e

n an d - e n Cassel , Nassau , Fra kfort Schleswig Holst i All th e other n orthern States of Germa n y were compelled to form a C on federatio n u nder the leade r

of n ship Prussia . The four South Germa States,

iirtember B aden an d r Bavaria , W g, Hesse Da mstadt, were left in n ame i n depe nden t 'but by secret treaties MOTIVE AND MOVEME NT . 85 they all were pledged to put their armies at the di

a in t m posal of Prussi i e of war . The House of Hoh enz ollern thereby became actually the guide an d m o

i n n ow t ve force of all the Germa peoples , virtually a

n n n I n nn n 18 67 con stitu u ited atio . the begi i g of , a

n n in en t assembly of the n ew Co federatio met Berlin . It was there explicitly arra n ged that the headship of

n on o and the Co federati Sh uld be hereditary , that it

n should belon g to the Ki g of Prussia .

a n n This w s a wo derful adva ce . But the motive which i mp elled the Hohen zoller n Dyn asty was n ot

f a n ot yet ully re lized . That could be adequately satisfied with any less a comprehension than an

c n o r s n n a k wledged di ect overeig ty over all Germa y .

n a At last, a promisi g occasion appe red of which the Prussia n Premier took much less tha n a fair adven t

u s L age . A war with the p tart Empire of ouis Napo

n in n leo Fra ce was precipitated . That struggle was soon carried through to a complete victory for the

n Germa s .

HE P USS N K N M M N MP T R IA I G ADE GER A E EROR .

Through the stimulus of the u nsurpassed con

d n s quests ma e by the Germa armies , the obstacle which thitherto had preven ted a complete Imp erial

n e u ity of the German p oples gave way . Some of the

n in - ieldin souther States , y g , were allowed to reserve for

m c r n oca e but the selves e tai l l , or Sp cial privileges all 36 THE HOHENZOLLERN DYNASTY ;

’ a n m e s submitted to Prussia s le d , maki g of the s lve , d un . 18 71 n thereby , a ited State As the year ope e ,

n in a in the Ki g of Prussia , the palace of Vers illes

n n in nc ffi co quered Fra ce , the prese e of high o cials comi ng from all the German States was declared

n n ar- Emperor of Germa y . The visio of the f away

w n u f Elector Frederick became at last a o derf l act .

An d n c w un to- t e n the efor ard , til day , h re has bee

n in w c n a o as ce tered , hat five e turies g w the petty

n n m r n Mark of Bra de burg, a ighty Empi e , i clusive of all German peoples ; defin ite in purpose an d marvel lous in achievemen t ; havi ng as its ruler a descendan t

the n n u n rn of a cie t Ho se of Hohe zolle , the heir of the long cherished con viction of his House that he is the

of an o o o e n n l bearer abs lute p litical S v reig ty , divi e y

imposed and sustai ned .

THE NE W H H N N M O E ZOLLER DREA .

nc c own n of he Si e the r i g William the First, as t rrrodern m n f - fi e Emperor of Ger a y, orty v years have n u owpassed . D ring these years the Empire has had

mo n u an d o n a st eve tf l m me tous career . But the wo w n n ' rld ould have o ly little to ote, or remember con

n n n cer i g the moveme t of this Empire, other than its

n n l an d n extraordi ary i dustria , commercial , ge eral

n w not in social developme t as such , ere it that , the

’ m ow n an d f h e E pire s gr th , certai purposes ef orts av 37 MOT IVE AND MOVEMENT . appeared which evide ntly have become p ortentous for

n n on er n oun ma ki d bey d the G ma b daries . The dream of the Nuremberg Coun t h as n ot on ly o c me true , but his Imperial heirs seem to have been

un o n impelled , der their g od fortu e , to behold a still

n s e wider visio , which , as Professor Usher de crib s it, is n othin g less tha n the domin ation of Europe and of

h e t world by the Germa n ic Race . Not co ntent w n t n n — ith realizi g their tradi io al dy astic ideal , that of a German Imperialism dominan t over all German p eoples an d supreme amon g the n ation s — ’ a n it n n n - rou d , the Hohe zoller s ambitio to day has conceived the purpose of makin g Germany un der “ ' own n n toc a D c their divi ely ordai ed au r cy , i tator of the World .

H H H N W P T E O ENZOLLER ORLD OLICY .

It was not l ong after the present Germa n Empire i its n n was establ shed , that Sovereig revived the foreig colonial policy devised by on e of his a n cestors in

n n n an d e r c n the Seve tee th Ce tury , f en di e ted the to

e I n 18 8 4 th e th Africa n coast . , parts of West Coast of

a Africa received agai n the German fl g . Some of the Pacific Ocean isla n ds were also made German pos sessions an d from that time foreig n colonization was exten ded as far an d as widely as opportunity came

n n r o Upo occasio , moreove , help was ffered to

ts n n in f in rebellious colonis of other atio s A rica , 38 THE HOHENZOLLERN DYNAST Y

a d n mr n i _ _ . n a nd n A e ica Asia Agai agai , di rect spoliation of the territories of feebler peoples

as ma u n n s i l w de po eve light pretext . Th s po icy

was u u two a s p rs ed so vigorously that , ye r ago ,

in n n th e great areas Africa ; amely , Togola d ,

ameroons a d t r K , the South West n Eas Africa p otect

’ a ilh elrn n in to or tes ; also, Kaiser W s L a d Papua , gether wi th the Solomon an d t he Marshall Isla n ds an d

o a nd S n n n of Sam a of the Pacific , the ha tu g Provi ce

n w n Chi a ith yet other coveted regio s, had become Ger

’ - n e ex an many s over seas possessio s . This aggressiv p sion of the German Empire outside its European boun dries at len gth became an in creasi ng source of O e gen eral in tern ation al solicitude . F r the past scor

' an d o o n ns m re years , particularly , the w rld s atio have

in d n m been kept a state of unrest a n forebodi g , ore by the in terferen ces an d transgression s amon g them of the Hohen zollern Empire than by the move

m nt an n n e s of y other atio . Early in the career of th e German Empire

n ow n Li n that is , the great Viceroy of Chi a , Hu g

n in visit x m ade w be Cha g, a to Europe , rote of the ginn in gs of the presen t outworking of the Germa n “ ambition ; From all th at I h ave seen I am more than ever convinced that the Kaiser and Prin ce Bismarck mea nt what they said when they averred that the

' German E mpire was desti ned to - become a domi na nt ' or in E A d ia - - re n n . fact urope . Rola d G Usher his 39 MOTIVE AND MOVEMENT .

“ m arkabl t Pan- n e y prophe ic book , Germa ism , app ar in r en ar an d u li g before the outbreak of the p es t w , o t n i ngwhat was evide n t to him as the n ew Hohen zollern

Of t Imperial policy , spoke its three phases as firs , an t n n an at empt to secure colo ies seco d , attempt to obtai n en tra nce i n to the markets of th e East by a

n an d trade route across the Balka s Turkey , which

n n n n n formed , by i ter atio al agreeme t, a eutral zon e ; a nd d n thir , the determi edly aggressive scheme for the

' ' forcible con uest actual q of the world.

W M THE S N K I NG- M ILLIA , ECO D ; E PEROR P S N AND P P S ER O ALITY UR O E .

I n ' n 18 8 n u e 8 , the prese t Emperor, William the

.

e n n n n . S co d , came to the Hohe zoller thro e It was

on e n h im an d said of him at the time , by who k ows ’ “ m well in e his fa ily s history , that force of charact r a nd i ntellectual power he surpasses an y of his

n G predecessors , certai ly up to the time of the reat ' Frederick .

Two r m yea s later, Willia dismissed from his service

n von k n an d Pri ce Bismarc , the pote t promoter support

n E rn of the n ew Imperial German y . Since the the

eror n r n ot n e n p has bee , p actically , o ly the Sov reig of the State but his own Prime Mi n ister ; direc tly aimin g

' to be dictator and leader of the Imperial p olicy . What

an d l n ow e w he is wil s is , ther fore , that hich more 40 THE HOHENZOLLERN DYNASTY than any other power moves and makes the Imperi

l e w mo n n u a i m of hich der Germa y is the S bject . It would be impossible to portray here this extra ordinary person ality with an ythin g like an adequate

n n . B u t n represe tatio it goes far, to make the rece t

a n n n n stage re ched by the Hohe zoller D y asty i telligible , to know that its Emperor is fully devoted to his ances tral claim to be autocrat over his realm by Divi ne

a nd m s n o right co mi sio . H w true some of the

n n him — c extravaga t assertio s ascribed to are, laims

n a nd n n - can not to super tural e orseme t as Mo arch ,

u on be bro ght to test here ; but it is record that , at

oblerrz oon c n h e un uali C s after his ac essio , made the q ’ “ ed n unc n and fi a n o eme t that he is God s Viceroy , “ n t be t n n at a o her time, asser ed that the Hohe zoller s ' ' “ t c o n o ook their r w fr m G od s altar, so that they

s . are re pon sible to no one but the Almighty Also, justifying his words by his con viction of a divin ely

n n n in 1888 sa ctio ed respo sibility , he said , August , “ at nk - ou - - w Fra furt the Oder, that he ould rather see his forty- two million s of Prussian s dead on the battle field tha n give up one foot of grou n d gain ed by ' - ur n n . the Fra co Germa War F ther , this Emperor, ch erishin g an un measured admira tion for the char

an d n n acter achieveme ts of his a cestor, Frederick the

n so Great, fa cies himself at times, it is said , to be like

in a n f n nd in o . AS o him , both perso purp se Ki g

ai an n m Prussia , the K ser has practically u li ited scope

THE HOHENZOLLERN DYNASTY be n m its s s d an d e a ed real cau e lie eeper , to all app ar an ces n ow nt , through the same cause, the moveme of

war an h a nd the has become impulse towards the t ird ,

n n n m n culmi ati g , phase of the aggra dized a bitio of

' l n n Imperia Germa y , that is , the co quest, or at least th e t d w . dic atorship , of the orl

H H H N RN D - T E O E ZOLLE CREE TO DAY .

n n w n This judgme t, to ma y who read it, ill certai ly

s n n w. B ut can appear exces ive , or eve baseless , I k o I not read the cen turies old story of the motive and move men t of the Imperialism disti nctiveof. the House

n n a d a n n w of Hohe zoller , n le r what it plai ly sho s of th e personality of the presen t exalted heir of the

' House, without seein g it culmi n ate in this otherwise

n i satiable ambition .

i “ w n in m n on The O e Wister, his pathetic editatio

en n P tecost of Calamity , aids this judgme t graphic ally when he says

And n ow e the u n w are ready for Pr ssia Creed ,

' a o m n n comp site state e t of Prussia ism , compiled — se n tence by sentence frOm the uttera n ces of the

s r an d editOrs an d Kai e his generals , professors ,

o Nietzsche ; part of it said in c ld blood , years before

' h an d n h n ow n t is war, all of it a declaratio of fait bei g ratified by action

'

' “ We Hohenzollerns take our crown fromGod i i

d . ne 1 h as e n . alo . 0 1 me the Spirit of God d sce ed I MOTIVE AN D MOVEMENT .

n regard my whole task as appoin ted by heave . Who i s s N n m ust be oppo es me I shall cru h to pieces . othi g settled in this world without the i n terve n tion of th e

n i n n n Germa Empero r. He who l ste s to public opi io runs a da nger of in flicti ng imme n se harm on the ' State .

’ n n et all th at n in Mr I eed quote is give . Wister s / n u n n n lumi o s exhibit of the Hohe zoller motive . O ly

‘ these fewclarifyi n g sent ences more to give disti nct n ess .

d in Might is right an is decided by war . War

n w itself is a good thi g . The efforts directed to ards th e o n n ot n e m ab litio of war must o lybe t r ed foolish ,

n m ca n n o but absolutely immoral . Christia orality t

Olitical n n n ot be p . Weak atio s have the same right t T o n an o o n n . live as p werful atio s us , more tha to y

n n en n . other atio , is trusted the true structure of huma

n e — n o n existe c Our cou try , by empl yi g military power ,

‘ has attain ed a degree of Culture which it could n e ever hav reached by peaceful mean s . Our might

e l in —I t r an shall create a n w aw Europe . is Ge m y

- n . that strikes . They call us barbaria s What of it ' We are morally an d in tellectually supe ri or — beyond a ll comp arison We must fight with Russia n

t n n a n d n n t . beas s , E glish merce aries Belgia fa a ics Fra nce must be so completely crushed that she will

n n to n ever again c ross our path . We have othi g ' a pologize for . 44 T HE HOHE NZOLLERN DYNASTY

THE S I S P W AND I S MON H TA TE O ER ; IT ARC Y.

e in m n Much mor , support of my judg e t of the presen t movemen t of the dyn asty of the Hohen zollern

c n House , ould be quoted directly from the assertio s of

’ t - an d m nd n o day s Emperor of his i mediate atte a ts . But I will recall n ow a few Significan t decla rations

m u i n n m n ade o ts de the Imperial e viro e t , presumably free from th e i nfluen ce of the dyn astic obsession made by a political philosopher wh o is everywhere accepted amon g German s as a clear Sighted expositor of gov

m n al s - n ern e t n vo s . ideal , Hei rich Treit chke ' “ n th e a d Power is the pri ciple of St te . The i ea

’ of power is of course a ste rn on e to achieve o ne s purpose fully an d u ncondi tion ally is here th e highest

and en f in first thing. The ess ce o the State consists

s can f n wer o . thi , that it suf er o higher po ab ve itself The State is the power of the stronger race which establishes itself - it can n ot recognize an arbiter

abo f an d n n o on m ve itsel , , co seque tly, legal bligati s ust ' in e the last resort b subject to its own judgme nt . The position of the Hohen zollern s is n ot fou nded upon disti nguished person al virtue or judiciousness ; but their superiority c on sists in the mere fact that they are the Ki ngs that they sta n d upon their own right ' so n n ot n of vereig ty which is disputed . Certai

w co n n e Vie s be me , by reaso of a lo g historical exp ri — ence the habit of a rulingfamily ; ' think of the efforts AND MOTIVE MOVEMENT.

' of the Hohen zoller ns to form the Un ion (of the

n as German States) . Origi ally it w merely a make ' B u t n in . shift order to secure themselves the Ki g , bei ng profoun dly imbued with the co nscious n ess of

to his exalted duty , it is glorious see how the high office educates its holder ' \Vhat examples of such kin gly m en Prussia possesses in Frederick the Secon d

' ' “ and Ki ng William (the First) . With us the Kingship is almost the o nly force of political tradition which unites our presen t with the past ; shall we wish for ourselves E nglish Georges i n stead of our

n n famous House of Hohe zoller . We have such a proud mon archic history that a Prussia n may well

a s y The b est monarch is just good e nough for us . — According to our Constitutio n the mon arch alone is — vested with the power of th e State I n Germa n y

of n — e n o the will the Ki g m a s s mething very real .

ru o of n This is t e ab ve all Prussia , which alo e has still ' e on a r al m arch .

M P USS M K S MP M N AR ED R IA A E I ERIAL GER A Y.

Treitschke goes so far in his ex altatiorr of Prussia “ an d n — He its Mo arch as to add , who judges impar ' tiall n e y must say that si ce the Great El ctor, the political history of Germa ny is en tirely con tain

in n ed Prussia . Every clod of la d which was lost

a an d was won through the f ult of the old Empire,

a n was c n r . I n back gai , a quired by mea s of P ussia 46 THE HOHENZOLLER N DYNASTY this State lay thencefo rth the political en ergies of

n n n On n the Germa atio . Prussia soil that arm in g of the na tion began which was later to become — the lot of all Germa ny Eve n h e wh o lOoks upon the army as an evil must con sider it in any case

a n e es ar m n n i as c s y evil . The State ust mai tai tself

a e th e n an d as agai nst Other St t s . It is ormal ration al course when a great nation embodies an d

' l in an Or a niz ed th e n u e of deve ops _ g army at r the

is i l n c w a . State, whi h po er because of its phys c stre gth With C lausewitz we agai n look upon war as the

n n n of m forcible co ti uatio policy . If the ar y is the

ni e Olitical e n S n orga z d p str gth of the tate, the that organ izatio n can on ly be power ; an d - it can h ave no w itS -own for n n ill of , it is i te ded to execute the will ' of t he Of - in n n n n head the State u co ditio al obedie ce .

’ ‘ “ B u t i t is in. Treitschke s essay on The State in Inter nat ion al In tercourse ' that h e gives e xpression

n - a m a h n to the Hohen zoller master i . All th t I ave bee quoting from him serves but by way of preparatio n for this statemen t .

M R A G RMAN Y SE KS WOE LD C N O I PE I L E E O TR L .

The Victory of Germa ny over Fra n ce ( 1870)

s e u n n turns the old yst m pside dow . L ike Spai

nc th e r n n n h O s si e Py e ea peace , Fra ce S w herself

' aft er the battle of Seda n powerless to domin ate the o en h e ma ur w rld h ceforth . T p of o part of M OTI VE AND MOVEMENT . the world has b een much more natural si nce ; th e

n e n n d th e in s ired idea ce t r is stre gthe e , p , that the centre of gravity of Europe mus t lie in the middle .

bec e a has om reality . Through the fou ndi n g of the German E mpire a tra nquillity has en te red spontane ously i n to the system of States (of EurOpe) Prussia now n has esse tially the power she required . What — n owthreaten s the peace of Europa is the reaction of on. nc wh o n those States the circumfere e, have bee gradually forced i n to the back - groun d by the great

n u n an d c n n o n th e reco str ctio , a t bear with patie ce loss of their former greatn ess This elevation of Germa ny to real power is th e on e great chan ge in the European

“ system of States which bega n with the year

This is h owwe sta n d in th e in terior of Europe . Add to this the wo n derfully al tered con dition s out

our a th e o side p rt of globe . I n t he course f little more tha n half a century atransformation has been ' accomplished such as th e earlier world n ever knew. The writer then sp eaks of th e openi n g up of

n ' n a and n o f the Chi a , apa , Australi the isla ds

n n n n South Seas , passi g this sig ifica t , judgme t

' N n n n a s W the Our i etee th Ce tury is , it ere,

xe of n h e cutor the Sixtee t , The discovery of the N ew World which Columbus accomplished has only

a r Th e n on - u n n owbecome a pr ctical eality . E ropea world is en teri ng more an d more withi n the ran ge of

’ ' ' ea a d w an rs n t e _ j E r rr S s - Y ro oi h u op tate ; n , ithout y THE HOHE NZOLLERN DYNASTY ; d u t the n n m s out o b , atio s of Europe must lay the selve ,

n directly , or i directly, to subdue them . The great process of expan sive Civilization con tinues with ' t ce the irresis ible for of a power of Nature . Probably the consummate exposi tion of th e motive and movemen t of the Hohen zolle rn D ynasty has

n n n von n man bee give by Ge eral Ber hardi , a of m e n nc n wh o e l r w arked mi e e m Germa y, has d c a ed ith h h emp asis t at , “ and t d Might is right, righ is ecided by

The lesso ns of history c on firm the Viewthat wars which have been deliberately provoked by far- seei ng

a s st tesman have h ad the happiest re ults . “ The prospects of success are always the greatest when the momen t for declarin g war can be settled to ' u t h e an d n s it political military situatio .

co en n on the ne w n Professor Usher, mm ti g Hohe

n r a G n s now a zoller pu pose , s ys that, erma as Whole refuse to admit the validi ty of any theoretical n otions whose a pplication would in an y way restrict

’ or i nterfere with German y s full share in the

e w th e n he mast ry of orld . If factors o which t

r n s w n Ge ma rely are hat they thi k they are , the domin ation of the world by German y and her allies ' “ can n e on . o ly be a qu sti of time The Boer War,

c n n of war in Moro co , the stra gli g Persia , the Tripoli ,

k n c a e n n in the Bal a risis , r only i cide ts this gigan tic

50 THE HOHENZOLLERN D YNASTY prese n t implacable a ssault upon the n ation s lying in ’ n d n e n n th e way of Germa y s y astic xpa sio .

w n n t O e Wister , speaki g of his fact, says , Had it n ot n ou r n culmi ated before eyes , the case of Germa y

be n b . n da would perfectly i credi le As it sta ds to y, the truly i n credible thi ng is that she should have

h er n an n x made spri g at the throat of u e pectin g , ' — n r . n r n u prepa ed world The we are emi ded , The ' n n n n case of Germa y is the Prussia izi g of Germa y .

on r an d n The guilt is laid P ussia the Hohe zollern . ' s a n “ The proce s goes b ck a lo g way . It is, a

n on a n d n c n d germi ati of state family ambitio ombi e ,

n n it n o d n ferme ti g last i to lust for w rld omi ion . It

r v in e c g ows quite isible, first, Fred ri k the Great . By him the Prussia n state of mi nd an d international

’

c n be f m . e n ethi s bega to or ulated Fr derick s cy ical , stron g spirit g uided Prussia after Waterloo ; guided

th e B an d n xt first predecessor of ismarck, e , Bismarck h r n h . now w th imself Ve y plai it is to see , , y e

s ra t n ate a t 18 70 small epa e Germa St s , should f er

v h ail their n ewc reated Emperor . Had he n ot led th e m u nited to th e fi rst gl ory an d con quest they h ad

n n h anded th eir the ever k ow So , they soul to Hohe nzollern ; an d for forty years they have

in the th ickenin n sat g fumes that exhaled from Berli , spread everywhere by professors chosen at the fou n tai n “ he e ad . Out of the fumes have emerged thr e

— -man u - a nd colossal shapes , the Super , the S per race 51 MOTIVE AND MOVEMENT . th e Super - state ; the n ew Tri nity of Germa n wor ship .

H ’ M M K S W OW GER A N Y NOW A E AR .

es n h as The pr e t awful struggle , therefore , come upon the world by the compulsion of a dy n astic will . The mon strosity born of the i nsatiable Hohe nzollern l us t has now matured and seeks the mastery of m an

n a n d m n n n n d ki d ; a y atio s must do battle i self efen se .

Re member the outbreak of th e attack . That eve nt will sta n d in history as a better i n terpretation of the w n on n n an d a t usurpatio of huma liberties, of the remorseless destruction of the ideals and virtues of Christian civilization that n ow threaten s huma nity un der the iron ic n ame of Ku lta r than any critical dissertation could set forth .

a lib rate D eceit while still a t Pea ce . . D e e

n n l Consiste tly , it bega with de iberate , carefully

’ concealed deceit in the Empire s Europea n i nte rna

t l n n . n ion a relatio s . I the British Parliame t of last c year Mr . Lloyd George said We re ollect

n n n the Balka n crisis . Nothi g could have bee frie d lier tha n than the attitude of German y . She had a

s be nevolen t smile for Fran ce . She treated Rus ia as

an d n a frien d brother . She smoothed dow all the

u in susceptibilities of A stria . She walked arm arm with Gr eat Britai n through th e Cha ncelleries of 5-2 THE HOHE NZOLLERN DYNA STY

Europe ' and we really thought that at last the era of d t peace a nd good will had awn ed . A that momen t she was forging a nd hidin g up immen se accumula tion s of wa r stores to take her neighbors u n awares ' an d murder them in their sleep .

b iola tion o I n terna tion a l L a w. . V f

m m n i n n Moreover , the utual agree e ts which moder times have bee n slowly elaborated amon g civilized

n - n n one n n — n atio s, Germa y bei g of these atio s , elab orated with much show of cordiality as established pri nciples of inter natio nal law - such as the security of n on - combatants as the sacred n ess of treaty obliga , tions ; as th e inviolability of treasures of art and shrines

l n - n ow n n a of re igio , have bee vai gloriously c st aside a s havin g n o place in t h e respect o f the victorious leaders or champions of the Hohen zollern i n vader of the n ations .

not n n th e s Is it otoriously the fact that, whe Kai er

' n O n n the sig ed the decree which pe ed the prese t war, German armies at on ce i nvaded Belgium and other territory which had bee n by treaty de clared sacred

m n n t n and from military move e ts made agai s other la ds ,

’ that the Kaiser s represe n tative later gave an swer to a

e n this n n prot st agai st Violatio of eutrality , that Ger

’ m an y s advan ce was n ot to b e checked by a scrap ' of paper ' An d it has bee n authoritatively an ' noun ced by respo nsible leaders of the i n vading armies AN D MOTIVE MOVEMENT .

“ at n o n n r th , it is of co seque ce whateve , if all the

n u n v all s n d mo me ts e er created , the picture ever pai te , all the buildi ngs ever erected by the g reat architects of

' ton the world be destroyed ; that , the ugliest s e placed to mark the burial of a Germ an g re nadie r is a more glorious monumen t tha n all the cathe dral s of E ' urope put together .

0 . D isre a rd o u a g f H m n e La w.

‘ en h OW n Th , directly co temptuous of a l that other European n ation s have come to regard as human e

a n in n n n limit tio s their warfare , has bee the ma er of

’ n s n n th e o Germa y i itiatory assault , just made , upo pe ple

r in di ectly her way . It has n ot had its like amon g

n a d r I n n n n . n civilized atio s for a ce tury lo ge fact , the assault was not only the ruthless i nvasion of an ffending State sacredly guarded by a promise of

n n n n —on e s n i ter atio al eutrality , of who e guara tors w s — was in a Germa n y herself, but it also, large

n ta n n measure , a gross repetitio of the devas tio , rapi e a nd slaughte r which o ccurred three centuries ago whe n the Germa n peoples almost destroyed themselves in th eir thirty years of i n terstate war . “ n Where , outside the decrees of How Germa y

' m can n in n a n n akes War , be fou d this ce tury y thi g like a permission of the awful excesses which were

o te n ot o in e nn c mmit d , if fficially ordered , the b gi ings

n n m - n th of the i vasio of Belgiu , the i cendiarism , e 54 THE Hon s n z ofnns a s DYNASTY

a n d n ih pillage , the lust, the torture the murder the

e n n flict d upo a helpless populatio , regardless of age or sex '

’ There may be valid reason back of Treitschke s ' u n n dict m co ncer i g huma n ity in warfare . He argues that Sta tes an d n ot their i n dividual citize ns

' ne an On l n make war on o other . the fee i g of the

’ o h as n n s ldier that he o ly to do with the e emy s soldiers , an d does n ot n eed to fear that he will fi nd every

n a n n —on peasa t , imi g at him from behi d a bush that

t e feeli ngall huma n ity in war res s . If the soldier do s n ot k now whom he h as to look upo n as soldiers in the

’ n n — n e an d e emy s cou try , the he must b come cruel

' n - m s u feeli n g . Ruthless severi ty against thef ranc tire

a n n nd n who sw rm arou d the e emy , without sta i g ' n - n u der the articles of war , is self evide t . L t t i erally applied , his dictum may be accepted but where does it give jus tification for the wholes ale

n e nn n a nd slaughter of hu dr ds of i oce t villagers , of old

l m en n an d n in cripp ed , of wome eve of babes arms ,

a nd — with torture rape added , for the mass of out rages committed by German soldiers whe n they were first let loose in Belgium ; outrages of which abu nda n t an d sufficien t proof is n ow upon record

d . a n ton a i c r i s W S cr fi e of its A m e .

An d n n d n c the , what more reckless a i calculable pri e could an autocratic dyn asty compel its subjects to pay AN D T MOTIVE MOVEMEN .

n its n n n for the gratificatio of greed , tha the wa to sacrifice of their lives which the House of Hohe n zollern has bee n demandi ng of the soldiers who are its

n t a h er c . n ow t e G e slaved subje s B ttles , as fought by ma ns u nder their theories of the superiority of a per

n n t a nd n n n n siste t i i iative , of a co sta tly re ewed offe se , seem to have n o co nside ratio n whatever shown in them for the cos t that thereby m ay befall the masses drive n

to ne t e t make the attacks . O of h mos horrible of all th e uses which the Hohen zollern a utocrat is maki ng of m his power , is his erciless disregard of the lives of

th e n i dividuals he comman ds to serve him . The

n n Germa peoples , as a whole , seem i deed to have become servile to the autocrats of th e House of

And n i n n . n t n Hohe zoller the Hohe zoller au ocrats, order to gratify the fan atic conception which has bee n

r n of r in made the histo ic ambitio thei House , seem ,

n ow om n battles , to offer their c plia t subjects for sacri fice , almost without limit .

n n —r t All these forbidde thi gs , t eacherous decei of n eighbor n ation s ; den ia l of the pri nciples of justice a nd fair deali n g which had been accepted as i n ter n ation al law violation of the provision s of i n ter n ational tre aties solemn ly agreed to destruction of mon umen ts of art an d of shri nes of religion mer ciless disregard of the multitude of lives composin g its

n a an d e n own armies whe battles are w ged , wors tha

an d n n n all else , the savage eve i huma orgies of its 56 ar HOHE NZOLLERN DYNASTY

n n n u n soldiery whe the i vasio of Belgi m was begu ,

n n and r n all these forbidde thi gs , yet more , appa e tly have been deliberately ch ose n by the Hohen zollern D y nasty as mean s by which it m ay rightfully secure its mon st rou s aggra ndizemen t .

THE WVORLD ’S M S M M N O S S N NO O T O E T U 'UE TIO W.

’ n I evitably . therefore , the world s peoples who have n ot yet been brought u nder the Hohe nzollern

n n ow m its absolutism , are summo ed to eet ultimate

n u n n an aggressio po the i dividual , social d civil liber t n t e an d t ies which are cherished amo g h m , o

n ot w un decide whether or they will allo it, resisted,

v to- r . to each success This , I belie e to be , day ,

’ n an d Huma ity s imperative most momentous duty . I am fully convmced tha t this judgmen t is n ot

a n a merely the judgmen t of alarmist . I would be n

b n n n u alarmist, ei g wit ess of the porte to s spectacle n ow displayed throughout Europe ; an d seei ng much

u in n that is comi ng from the same so rce other la ds . An d I am con fiden t that my alarm is that of a clear

m an see d n a n n sighted . I grave a ger thre te i g all possessors of person al an d civil liberty ; a n d I am

n n n f n co vi ced that, u less it is su ficie tly guarded

a n f gai st, the free peoples of the world are to su fer from

me i n . r n v n it To , the awful st uggle these days co ulsi g

be nd on Europe , whatever else it may immediately a

th e u in nn n n e be s rface, is , its i er mea i g , a struggl

‘ 58 THE HOHE NZOLLERN D YNASTY

s l a t n a nd it t to mi e this forebodi g , to pass by withou

further heed . But there is ample eviden ce to s how that the dan ger is n ot a vain thin g in the plan s by

th n n m n h which e Hohe zoller E pire is owworking . T ere are t ruthful men who have good reason for their belief that a victory for German y in Europe is on ly n eeded

to n n n n be bri g from Germa y dema ds upo America , ' of n - n cause America s prese t pro allies eutrality , which would make the reten tion of American freedom

if s x either impossible , or , pos ible , a lu ury of almost

i nestimable cost .

I am an earn est advocate of peace . I would welcome all ho norable mea n s by which peace on earth an d good will amon g man kin d might

a n d w be gai ned . I would go very far, ould yield

u an d t e n much , to sec re to preserve ami y , p rso al , social

B ut a nd n ation al throughout the world . I am com pelled also to declare that there are occasions when both person al an d n ation al peace can be had on ly at too high a cost times when war sho uld be accepted as an altern ative preferable to a ny peace possible the n

war n n n such , for i sta ce , as fighti g for the sake of

e n t for born e for o n w n p rso al liber y , , or c u try , he the

n rn n evide t alte ative is submissio to slavery , or the strengthe ni ng of tyran ny over th e home or the home

n la d .

n u For reaso s such as these , m ch as I deplore

n an what the reaso s dem d , I believe that the duty of M T V O O I E AND M VEMENT. 59

da a nd m n all free peoples to y, e i e n tly the duty of the n t m people of the U ited S ates of A erica , is to cou nsel

seriously with those wh o believe they foresee the da n

n m ger that threate s the , should there be a victorious issue for the Hoh en z ollernD yn asty in the struggle

n ow n i h n . n n n wagi g Europe T e , if co vi ced , they

l a l with st r d shou d prep re themse ves to n it . The duty

an - n as of adequate self defe se is , I believe , much the

n n c n n n immi e t duty of the Ameri a people , co fro ted by the motive force domin an t in th e Dy n asty which com

elled n the an p the prese t war, as it would be duty of y m an in a wilderness to make ready against the rave n

in g of a beast of prey .

n n n - The foe which , amo g the atio s , to day most e nda ngers the person al self- possession of in dividual men a nd women the en emy most arbitrarily in the way of the social organ ization of ma nki n d as the re

sultan t f t n n -determin of the e for s of free thi ki g , self g fellow bein gs ; the aggressor most seriously checkin g the aspiration s of multitudes amon g man kin d to

n n establish their States as real commo wealths , wherei all their members shall be free in the pursuit of per

s n an d in in o al collective welfare, the home, the field ,

in an d in o an d in the factory market , the sch ol the

Church the most forceful an d determi ned foe to- day

u n m en to all s ch expressio s of the souls of free , has

—so - in n in n matured , I believe , Germa y , the Hohe zollern Dy n asty as obsessed by its historic motive 60 THE HOHENZOLLERN DYNASTY which h as nowbecome a purpose to lay hold un i “ of d versal an d a masterful sovereign ty over humanki n .

n n n th e So, I dare the assertio that, co fro ted by

n n s n n n nfl t prese t porte tou i ter atio al co ic , all peoples wh o love person al and civil liberty an d are seekin g

l - n n e politica self gover me t, especially the peopl of the

m n n n t great A erica Democracy , could do othi g tha would be wiser or more prude n t than to arouse them

th e n h as and n selves to da ger that appeared , at o ce to

a t d it —if m ke themselves ready to meet it ; o efeat ,

“ - L et need be a nd even to help in its destruction .

men a nd w n en d e an d all free ome , to this r member ,

n ew n n n remember with a comprehe sio , the profou d

n n n w L n n t i ju ctio hich Abraham i col , at the summi of his n o c n n n career as Preside t f the Ameri a U io , gave to his fellow citizens on the battle-field at Gettys burg Our fathers brought forth upon this con ti nent

‘ n ew n on — a ati , dedicated to the proposition that all men t are crea ed equal .

on t field — We are met a great bat le , to dedicate a portion of it as the fi n al resti ng place of those who — here gave their lives that that n ation might live I n a larger sense we ca nnot dedicate we ca nnot oc h se

n n nd —I t crate ; we ca ot hallow this grou is for us , the

n d ' t livi g rather, to be edicated here to he unfi nished work that they have thus far so n obly carried on that from these hon ored dead we take i ncreased devo MOTIVE AND MOVEMENT . 61 tion to the cause for which they here gave the l ast full measure of devotion that we here highly resolve that the dead shall n ot have died in vai n that the n ation

n new and shall , u der God , have a birth of freedom ,

n n th e an d that gover me t of people , by the people , '

n ot r . for the people , shall perish from the ea th