¿ ABOUT MINING IN

PRIMARY EDUCATION

Committed to the dissemination and promotion of professions 1 PRIMARY EDUCATION (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) ABOUT MINING IN NAVARRE

Mining is one of the WHAT IS THE MINING oldest activities of mankind, and it MINING? CYCLE is responsible for researching and

Mining is the process of extraction and transformation of geological Geological resources are natural making geological resources. These minerals are the raw materials that we use in resources that are extracted directly from resources available INDUSTRY, ENERGY GENERATION and CONSTRUCTION. the earth. When a geological resource is to society. very abundant in a certain area, this is called a deposit.

THE MINING CYCLE HAS THREE PHASES:

EXPLORATION PHASE We identify and value the mining resource, and also the In Navarra there are technical and economic viability of its use. more than 50 active mining operations. DEVELOPMENT PHASE It values the​​ geological resources, extracts them from the earth and transforms them into raw materials so that they can be used in construction, power generation or in industry.

RESTORATION PHASE This phase is the moment of rehabilitation of the natural space affected by the exploitation. Those responsible for the exploitation have the obligation to give the land a value equal to or greater than what it was.

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IN NAVARRA, MOST OF THE MINES ARE OPEN HOW ARE MINE PITS: Aggregates Decorative Cast Clay We obtain aggregates, clay, sandstone MINERALS plaster, sandstone, minerals for industry ... We also obtain water, minerals for bottling and medicinal and thermal, which EXTRACTED? Mineral Industrial Loam we enjoy in spas.. water rocks

Minerals accumulate in the earth or excavators, and they are taken in different ways, and therefore, to the treatment plants to extract to extract them we use different or transform the mineral and use it. methods:

Sometimes, the minerals are found inside the earth, in deep deposits, and are extracted from underground mines through shafts and galleries. Horizontal galleries provide access to the ore, while vertical shafts allow the miners to ¿? access the galleries.

Other times, the minerals are in Huge trucks are shallow deposits and are mined in used to transport open mine pits. The surface rock is the material. broken with controlled blasts or by mechanical methods such as saws

PRIMARY EDUCATION 4 5 PRIMARY EDUCATION ABOUT MINING IN NAVARRE WHY IS MINING IMPORTANT?

MINING IS IMPORTANT FOR MINING IS AN IMPORTANT MINING IS IMPORTANT FOR MINING IS IMPORTANT FOR PEOPLE: SECTOR FOR NAVARRA, like OUR ECONOMY RURAL COMMUNITIES Minerals are essential for us, with the pharmaceutical or forestry The mining sector has a strategic Many areas of rural Navarra them we manufacture most of the industry, for example, which is role in Europe, because it supplies are increasingly depopulated. products we use every day, and part of our social and cultural raw materials to our industries. Since the mining operations without them, our lives would be heritage: it creates wealth and Did you know that Navarra are in rural communities, they very different. employment in rural areas and it represents 1.3% of the value help fix population in these is compatible with agricultural and of ’s mining production? areas and allow their social and livestock activity since it occupies We have more than 50 mining demographic development, since different spaces. operations that employ more than they generate employment and 350 people. wealth. ¿? The Eugi open pit mine is one of the most important magnesite deposits in Europe.

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NOTEBOOKS, PENCILS, SOAPS, CUTLERY, GLASSES, COSMETICS AND MANY OF THE PRODUCTS WE USE DAILY IN OUR LIVES MINING PRODUCTS WOULD NOT EXIST WITHOUT MINERALS.

Mineral resources are essential for numerous activities: construction, automotive, aeronautical, space or shipbuilding, electronics, computers, glass and ceramic manufacturing, food, pharmacy, agriculture ...

HELMET Petrochemicals, iron CHAIN Iron, zinc and others STEERING WHEEL ¿? Iron, aluminum, titanium and other alloys Did you know that thermal and mineral waters are also mining products? In Navarra we have several spas. In the north of BRAKES Navarra, the Spa has Aluminum, iron and magnesium the most salty mineral water spring in Europe.

PRIMARY EDUCATION 8 9 PRIMARY EDUCATION ABOUT MINING IN NAVARRE WITH THE MINERAL EXTRACTED FROM THE MINES, WE GET THE PRODUCTS WE NEED:

DRAW THINGS YOU USE EVERYDAY AND MADE WITH PRODUCTS THAT COME OUT OF A MINE: MATERIAL TO BUILD CARS SOLAR PANELS

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOOD FOR LIVESTOCK MATERIAL TO BUILD COMPUTER COMPONENTS

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IN NAVARRA WE HAVE GOOD EXAMPLES MINING AND THE OF REHABILITATION OF MINING SPACES: ENVIRONMENT

Mining, like all human activity, produces alterations in the NATURAL SPACES LEISURE AND WALKING Ezkoriz or Zolina pond in SPACES Plazaola Greenway, environment, but it does not Once the mining activity is finished, and Valle de Egüés former mining railway produce more pollution than other we rehabilitate the area to return it activities such as traffic, urban to its previous use or to give it a waste, industry or agriculture. new use. AUTHORITIES ARE ATTENTIVE IN ORDER TO AVOID IRREPARABLE DAMAGE TO NATURE, THERE ARE SPECIFIC REGULATIONS AND LAWS, AND MINE’S DEVELOPMENT IS ALWAYS SUBJECT TO FARMLAND PRE-APPROVAL BY Olive plantation in Falces ADMINISTRATION.

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TO DISCUSS IN CLASS: ACTIVITIES What problems would our society have if minerals were depleted?

Search the Internet for the materials used to make the following constructions:

THE FENCE OF THE WALLS OF Search for the mineral origin of products such as:

Fork Mobile phone Classroom furniture

THE CATHEDRAL OF SANTA MARÍA DE TUDELA

PRIMARY EDUCATION 14 15 PRIMARY EDUCATION An initiative to disseminate knowledge about mining and minerals. More information about mining in Navarra at mineria..es

This learning unit is based on materials created by the Mining Chamber of Galicia (Cámara Oficial Mineira de Galicia)