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Matthew 16:18 in the Philoxenian Version
1 Matthew 16:18 in the Philoxenian Version Peter A.L. Hill Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia1 1. Little now remains of the Syriac Philoxenian version (PHIL) of the New Testament. Commissioned by Philoxenus of Mabbug and completed in 508/509 by Polycarp, his chorepiscopus, PHIL was based upon the Peshitta (P) and in turn became the Grundtext for the Harklean New Testament (H) completed in 615/616.2 Apart from an edition of the Minor Catholic Epistles thought to be PHIL,3 remnants of the version remain in the scripture quotations found in the later writings of Philoxenus. In this article I will explore one of these quotations, namely Mt 16:18. Historically, considerable controversy has surrounded the interpretation of this verse; thus any additional data are of interest. First, however, a little background regarding the identification of PHIL quotations in Philoxenus’ works. Identifying PHIL Quotations in the Works of Philoxenus 2. It was Günther Zuntz (1945) who first examined the works of Philoxenus with a view to discovering PHIL readings. However, notwithstanding some excellent observations, Zuntz’s methodology was flawed, in part by his failure to distinguish between the array of Graecized citations scattered across a number of Philoxenus’ writings and the genuine PHIL quotations which occur only in the later writings.4 Subsequently, Arthur Vööbus (1954) continued the investigation, with the appreciation that in order to identify PHIL readings it is necessary “to hold to a strict chronological sequence of Philoxenus’ works.”5 Vööbus happily lighted upon a textual source that had “not undergone the possible changes and modifications which could be 1 The substance of this article was presented to a seminar convened by Dr Hidemi Takahashi at the University of Tokyo, 28 September 2006. -
Introduction and Index
Th e Practical Christology of Philoxenos of Mabbug DAVID A. MICHELSON Preview - Copyrighted Material 1 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © David A. Michelson 2014 Th e moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2014 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2014940446 ISBN 978–0–19–872296–0 Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. -
The Early Spread of Christianity in Central Asia and the Far East: a New Document
BR 1065 .M53 1925 Mingana, Alphonse, 1881- 1937. The early spread of Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from The Arcadia Fund https://archive.org/details/earlyspreadofchrOOming THE EARLY SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY I IN CENTRAL ASIA AND THE FAR EAST: I A NEW DOCUMENT ALPHONSE 'MING AN A, D.D. ASSISTANT-KEEPER OF MANUSCRIPTS IN THE JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY, AND SPECIAL LECTURER IN ARABIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER Reprinted\ with Additions, from " The Bulletin of the John Rylands Library,” Vol. 9, No. 2, July, 1925 MANCHESTER: THE, UNIVERSITY PRESS, 23 LIME GROVE, OXFORD ROAD. LONGMANS, GREEN & CO., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON, E.C., NEW YORK, TORONTO, BOMBAY, CALCUTTA, AND MADRAS. MCMXXV. THE EARLY SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY IN CENTRAL ASIA AND THE FAR EAST: A NEW DOCUMENT. By A. MINGANA, D.D. ASSISTANT KEEPER OF MANUSCRIPTS IN THE JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY, AND SPECIAL LECTURER IN ARABIC IN THE UNI¬ VERSITY OF MANCHESTER. Foreword. I. BEFORE venturing into the subject of the evangelisation of the peoples of Mongolian race, it would be useful to examine the ethnological state of the powerful agglomeration of clans inhabiting the adjacent lands lying on the eastern and western banks of the river Oxus. There we meet with constant struggles for supremacy between two apparently different races, distinguished by the generic appellations of Iran and Turan. They were somewhat loosely separated by the historic river, the shallow waters of which in a summer month, or in a rainless season, proved always powerless to prevent the perpetual clash of arms between the warring tribes of the two rivals whose historic habitat lay on its eastern and western borders. -
1. Introduction to Ecstatic Readings
1. INTRODUCTION TO ECSTATIC READINGS 1.0. PRELIMINARY REMARKS: TITE PT,RPOSE AND MEANS According to the hypothesis underlying this study, Syriac and Sufi texts refer repeatedly to and deal with something "mystical" which is absolutely nonlin- guistic in nature, yet is expr€ssed linguistically under the conditions and restric- tions of natu¡al language; this something is an important factor constituting the character ofthe discourse, but it does not submit to being an object ofresearch. For this ¡eason, we must place it in brackets and content ou¡selves with the docu- mented process of expression and interpretation. The purpose of this study is to undertake a systematic survey of the different constituents ofecstatic readings in Syriac ascetic literature, including the process of expression and interpretation (and manifestation, as fa¡ as possible), and to present this together with a corresponding analysis of classical Sufism as it is manifested in its authoritative literature, and finally, to make concluding rema¡ks conceming common featu¡es and differences between the traditions. The concept of mystical experience is employed in the broad sense, covering the concepts of"ecstasy" and "trance", fr¡rther details (and the reasons for the lack ofprecise definitions for any ofthese concepts) being discussed below (p. 38 ff.). The Syriac corpus consists of more than I ,500 pages of literature by about l0 authors, the most important of whom a¡e Isaac of Nineveh, John of Dalyathq and 'Abdiðo' (Joseph) the Seer. All the main sources are basically internal monastic correspondence from one hermit to another, the result being a great variety of relatively frank descriptions of inner experiences. -
When Christology Intersects with Embryology 855
DOI 10.1515/bz-2020-0037 BZ 2020; 113(3): 853–878 Dirk Krausmüller When Christologyintersects with embryology: the viewpointsofNestorian, Monophysite and Chalcedonian authorsofthe sixth to tenth centuries Abstract: The notion that the soul comes into existencesimultaneouslywith the bodyatthe moment of conception was originallyintroduced into the Patristic discourse as an alternative to the Origenist notion of apre-existing soul. Yet from the sixth century onwards it was itself regarded as an Origenisttenet. Now it was claimedthat onlythosewho believed the soul to be created after the bodyweretrulyorthodox. The present article examines the links between this development and the Christologicalconversies. Adresse: Dr.Dirk Krausmüller,Gratian-Marx-Str.8/25, 1110 Wien, Österreich; [email protected] In Patristic literature the ensoulment of the embryoisexplainedinthree differ- ent ways:the soul either pre-exists the bodyand enters it at the moment of con- ception (prohyparxis), or comes into being at the moment of conception (synhy- parxis), or appears after the bodyhas been formed (methyparxis). From the late fourth century onwardsthe first option, which had once been proposed by Ori- gen, met with increasingresistence since manyconsidered it to be irreconcilable with the Christian faith. By contrast, the second and third options werewidely regarded as equallyorthodox. Their proponents disagreed but did so without rancour as nothing much was at stake. This situation, however,changed in the middle of the sixth century when two developments took place. On the one hand, not only prohyparxis but also synhyparxis was now widelysuspected This article is partofthe project “Reassessing ninth century philosophy.Asynchronic approach to the logical traditions” (SALT)that hasreceivedfunding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the EuropeanUnion’sHorizon research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. -
Deca C) Hepta D) Tetra
A 16132 120 MINUTES 1. How many odes are there in the collection entitled The Odes of Solomon? A) 40 B) 41 C) 39 D) 42 2. In which collection of his hymns did Ephrem write about events connected with the Persian war? A) Hymns against Arius B) Hymns on Church C) Carmina Nisibena D) Hymns on Fasting 3. Which type of metre (syllable) was first introduced by Harmonius and is frequently found in Syriac poetry? A) Penta B) Dodeca C) Hepta D) Tetra 4. Who wrote a historical poem on the invasion of the Huns in 395 A.D.? A) Balai B) Marutha C) Cyrillona D) Ephrem 5. Who is known as the “Tongue of the East”? A) Ephrem B) Narsai C) Jacob D) Balai 6. Who is the author of ܢܕܕ A) Jacob Bartulli B) Mar Eliya III C) Bar Hebraeus D) Abdisho of Soba 7. At what age did Jacob of Serugh compose his first memra On the Vision of The chariot by the prophet Ezekiel? A) 19 B) 22 C) 21 D) 25 8. Who composed the memra On the veil of Moses? A) Jacob of Baradaeus B) Jacob of Edessa C) Jacob of Bartulli D) Jacob Serugh 9. In Ephrem’s Hymns on Faith the last five hymns (nos 81-85) are grouped together under which suggestive title? A) ܬ B) ܬ C) D) ܬ 10. Who was the first to discover the poetic talents of Simeon the Potter from the North Syrian village of Geshir? A) Jacob of Ephesus B) Philoxenos C) Jacob of Edessa D) Jacob of Serugh 11. -
The Trisagion Riots (512) As an Example of Interaction Between Politics and Liturgy
Studia Ceranea 7, 2017, p. 41–57 ISSN: 2084-140X DOI: 10.18778/2084–140X.07.03 e-ISSN: 2449-8378 Kazimierz Ginter (Rome) The Trisagion Riots (512) as an Example of Interaction between Politics and Liturgy he masses celebrated by St. Pope John Paul II in Poland enabled the Polish Tpeople to regain their faith and to consolidate their overwhelming power, con- tributing to the downfall of the communist system. This example demonstrates how liturgy can genuinely influence the social and political world. The question must be asked whether it was a one-time case or whether there have been other moments in the history of the Church when liturgy evidently had such an impact on the political life of the society. To answer this question properly, in the present article I would like to analyse one of the most stunning cases of interdependence between liturgy and politics, namely the so-called Trisagion riots1, which took place in Constantinople AD 512. It was the way Christians responded to changes in Eucharistic liturgy – regarded as heretical – proclaimed by emperor Anastasius I. In order to better understand this phenomenon, we must describe the historical, cultural and political contexts of those times. The emperor and his Church It is necessary to begin our deliberations with a few remarks on the role the emper- or played in the Eastern Orthodox Church in the 5th and 6th centuries, since the contemporary reader may perhaps be surprised by the fact that the emperor was free to add various expressions to the prayers sung in the official liturgy of the Church. -
Philoxenus of Mabbug on the 'Messalian' Adelphius
Jnl of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. , No. , July . © Cambridge University Press doi:./S EUSEBIUS PRIZE ESSAY The Invention and Demonisation of an Ascetic Heresiarch: Philoxenus of Mabbug on the ‘Messalian’ Adelphius by SOPHIE LUNN-ROCKLIFFE Peterhouse, Cambridge E-mail: [email protected] In a letter to the monk Patricius, Philoxenus told a cautionary tale about the downfall of the monk Adelphius. He was said to have accepted a Satanic vision of the Holy Spirit, abandoned ascetic labour and become the founder of the heresy of the ‘Messalians’. This article places Philoxenus’ account against the longer background of the invention of ‘Messaliainism’, and in particular of Adelphius as Messalian heresiarch. It shows how Philoxenus drew on traditions about monks receiving Satanic visions found in ascetic literature. It also demon- strates that Philoxenus’ story reflected polemical claims that the Messalians, like other heretics, were inspired by demons and Satan. n the late fifth or early sixth century, Philoxenus, miaphysite bishop of Hierapolis-Mabbug, wrote a long letter in Syriac replying to Patricius, a I monk at Edessa. Patricius’ original letter does not survive, but it CSCO = Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium; GCS = Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller; PG = Patrologia Graeca; PL = Patrologia Latina; PO = Patrologia Orientalis; SC = Sources Chrétiennes; Scri. Syri = Scriptores Syri An early version of this article was presented at the annual meeting of the North American Patristics Society; my thanks to my co-panellists and audience for extremely helpful discussion and suggestions. I am also very grateful to Chip Coakley for teaching me Syriac and introducing me to the wealth of Syriac literature, which has made the research for this article possible. -
The Fourfold Gospel in the Writings of Ephrem the Syrian
Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies, Vol. 18.1, 9-51 © 2015 by Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute and Gorgias Press THE FOURFOLD GOSPEL IN THE WRITINGS OF EPHREM THE SYRIAN MATTHEW R. CRAWFORD DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY AND RELIGION DURHAM UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT: Ephrem of Nisibis is unique among patristic authors for having authored a commentary on Tatian’s gospel commonly known as the “Diatessaron.” In this article I examine Ephrem’s corpus to determine what evidence exists for his knowledge and use of gospel versions beyond that of Tatian, most especially the fourfold, or separated gospel. I point out that Ephrem, in keeping with Greek and Latin authors, occasionally used poetic imagery for the fourfold gospel, and, moreover, that he knew at least the Synoptic genealogies and the Johannine prologue as distinct texts. It is undeniable, therefore, that he knew of and to some degree used the separated, fourfold gospel, even if this remained slight in comparison with his reliance upon Tatian’s version. Furthermore, on six occasions Ephrem refers to an unspecified “Greek” gospel version. Previous scholarship has almost universally interpreted these passages as references to a separated gospel in Syriac, but I argue that these are best taken as references to an actual Greek version, and may well be allusions to a Greek edition of Tatian’s work. Ephrem’s usage of multiple gospel versions suggests that at this point in the Syriac tradition, the concept of ‘gospel’ was fluid and more undefined than would be the case in the fifth century when attempts were made to restrict its sense to the fourfold gospel. -
The Doctrine of Knowledge in Isaac of Niniveh and the East Syriac
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA C ORSO DI DOTTORATO IN STUDI STORICI, GEOGRAFICI, ANTROPOLOGICI SCUOLA DI DOTTO RATO DI RICERCA IN STUDI STORICI E STORICO - R ELIGIOSI PADOVA XXVIII CICLO The Doctrine of Knowledge in Isaac of Niniveh and the East Syri ac Theology of the 7 - 8 th Century Direttore della Scuola : Maria Cristina La Rocca Coordinatore d’indirizzo: Walter Panciera Supervisore : Ch.mo Prof. Paolo Bettiolo Dottorand o Valentin - Cosmin Vesa 1050110 2015 Introduction One of the mo st popular monastic authors w ith a nearly universal spread along time is Isaac of Niniveh, a Syriac author of the late 7 th century, who belonged to the Church of the East. The great importance of this author is indicated by at least three aspects: firstly, Isaac of Niniveh is a very good example of the ecumenical role played by the Eastern Syriac monastic literature: coming from a religious community which both Chalcedonians and non - Chalcedonians have traditionally described as “Nestorian”, his writings wer e translated soon after his death throughout all the Christian world (all three Christological traditions). The second aspect comes out of his belonging to the so - called “third theological tradition”, the Syriac (Semitic) school (next to Byzantine and Lati n), in a time of synthesis with the Byzantine tradition, rediscovered by scholars in recent times. And t hirdly, Isaac’s writings provide important information about the religious monastic ambient in the Persian territory in a time of turbulence caused by t he arrival of the Muslim powers , as well as by internal schisms or the proselytism of the Western Syriac community. -
The Discourses of Philoxenos of Mabbug Translated by Robert A
CISTERCIAN STUDIES SERIES: NUMBER TWO HUNDRED THIRTY-FIVE The Discourses of Philoxenos of Mabbug Translated by Robert A. Kitchen CISTERCIAN STUDIES SERIES: NUMBER TWO HUNDRED THIRTY-FIVE The Discourses of Philoxenos of Mabbug A New Translation and Introduction Translated by Robert A. Kitchen Cistercian Publications www.cistercianpublications.org LITURGICAL PRESS Collegeville, Minnesota www.litpress.org A Cistercian Publications title published by Liturgical Press Cistercian Publications Editorial Offices Abbey of Gethsemani 3642 Monks Road Trappist, Kentucky 40051 www.cistercianpublications.org © 2013 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm, microfiche, mechanical recording, photocopying, translation, or by any other means, known or yet unknown, for any purpose except brief quotations in reviews, without the previous written permission of Liturgical Press, Saint John’s Abbey, PO Box 7500, Collegeville, Minnesota 56321-7500. Printed in the United States of America. 123456789 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Philoxenus, Bishop of Hierapolis, approximately 440–523. [Discourses on the Christian life. English] The Discourses of Philoxenos of Mabbug : a new translation and introduction / translated by Robert A. Kitchen. pages cm — (Cistercian studies series ; 235) In English; translated from Syriac. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-87907-135-6 — ISBN 978-0-87907-749-5 (e-book) 1. Asceticism—History—Early -
The Book of Resh Melle by Yoḥannan Bar Penkaye: an Introduction to the Text and a Study of Its Literary Genres
i THE BOOK OF RESH MELLE BY YOḤANNAN BAR PENKAYE: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE TEXT AND A STUDY OF ITS LITERARY GENRES By Emmanuel Joseph Mar-Emmanuel A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto © Copyright by Emmanuel Joseph Mar-Emmanuel 2015 ii The Book of Resh Melle by Yoḥannan bar Penkaye: an Introduction to the Text and a Study of its Literary Genres Emmanuel Joseph Mar-Emmanuel Doctor of Philosophy The Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto 2015 Abstract This dissertation offers a study of the fifteen books of Resh Melle, a work written in Mesopotamia before the close of the seventh century A.D. by Yoḥannan (John) bar Penkaye. John’s purpose is to explain God’s dispensation in human history. He offers theological instruction through the medium of historical narrative. Chapter one discusses John’s political and ecclesiastical context. The fifteenth book of Resh Melle illustrates historical events which were contemporary to John. This chapter also discusses the rise of Islam, which had a great impact on the monastic centres and the numerous communities that formed the Church of the East. Chapter two investigates the life, literary works, and importance of the author. The works that have been traditionally attributed to John are discussed and their authenticity assessed. The chapter also discusses John’s importance for modern scholarship in various fields of study, including history, theology, exegesis, liturgy, and asceticism. Chapter three discusses the title, provenance, sources, manuscripts, editions and translations of Resh Melle.