International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN (P): 2249–6890; ISSN (E): 2249–8001 Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun 2020, 2451–2456 © TJPR Pvt. Ltd.

COMPATIBILITY OF A DIESEL ENGINE FOR JATROPHA AND SEED OIL MIXED BIOFUEL AND ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT

RADHA KRISHNA GOPIDESI1*, RAJAVARAPU RAMBABU2, CHUNCHU BALARAMA KRISHNA3, YEMINENI SIVA SANKARA RAO4 & S. SRIKANTH REDDY5, PREMKARTIKKUMAR SR6 1,6Automotive Research Centre, School of Mechanical Engineering (SMEC), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eswar College of Engineering, Narasaraopet, Andhra Pradesh, India 3,5Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Reva University, Bangalore, India 1,4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vignan’s Lara Institute of Technology and Science, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT

Experimental investigation runs by a diesel engine fuelled by jatropha with Tamarind Seed Oil Methylester (TSOME)

mixed . The biodiesel (B10) contains 5% of jatropha, 5% tamarind seed oil, and the remaining 90% of diesel by Original volume. Here, noted higher Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) for biofuel than neat diesel by the effect enhanced combustion rate. Further, change the standard compression ratio (CR) of 17.5 to 19.5 and 21. However, higher BTE

reported at CR21, followed by lower CR conditions. CO emissions showed lower for the compression ratio 21 than the

Article other CR conditions and higher for the diesel. But, it emits higher CO2and HC emissions for the CR 21 and lower for the diesel.

KEYWORDS: Jatropha, Tamarind Seed Oil, Brake Power, Efficiency & Emission

Received: Jun 05, 2020; Accepted: Jun 25, 2020; Published: Jul 07, 2020; Paper Id.: IJMPERDJUN2020228

1. INTRODUCTION

Energy is an essential input for a nation's scientific, engineering, communal, and financial development [1]. Once upon a time in history, wood supplied as much as 90% of our energy needs [2],[3]. Because of its efficiency and low carbon fuels, costs could be dropped globally. The current energy situation has become very skewed towards conventional fuels such as petroleum and coal, which produces resulted in the generalfinancial development of the world[6]. The poweraccessible for the cultivationprocess in the country and metropolitan areas have been produced by using fossil and stationary energy resources such as fuel oil, coal, and atomic energy and a partialamount by hydropower[7]. These foundations have a hugepersuade on our financial system and ecological aspects[8]. These have validdeliberationalso have been conveyed about for its use and convenience of abundantvervepossessions. DhanaRaju et al.,[9] performed their test concentrated on the biofuel mix with tamarind seed methyl (TSME) with both the increase of Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and 1-Pentanol as oxygenated fuel added substances to evaluate the qualities of presentation, burning and emanation[10].Tests were conducted on single-chamber engines performing under different load conditions for the power of Diesel, TSME20, and TSME20 with DMC and 1- Pentanol fuel added substances are mainly used to boost the properties of biodiesel to an excess capacity due to its

www.tjprc.org SCOPUS Indexed Journal [email protected] 2452 Radha Krishna Gopidesi*, Rajavarapu Rambabu, Chunchu Balarama Krishna, Yemineni Siva Sankara Rao & S. Srikanth Reddy, Premkartikkumar Sr increasingly stable, low consistency, higher starting rate and abundant innate oxygen fixation [11]. Yamini et al., [12] look at the accomplishment of TSOME as an elective fuel in a diesel motor. They coordinateTSOME through the Transesterification technique, and the chattels of the oil were found inside sufficient cut off focuses. A weight turn over the engine was fuelled with three blends of TSOME (10, 20&30) with diesel subject to volume, and the introduction and release results are surveyed and differentiated and standard data of diesel. The presentation results show that there is a development in BTE and reduction in BSFC, the surge limits are HC, and smoke haziness have lower diverged from diesel. This may be authorized to improve the consumption of TSOME blends. The oxides of nitrogen transmissions are all nearer for combinations that appeared differently about the diesel fuel[13], [14].

The uniqueness of the current examination is the run the engine with a blend of jatropha with tamarind seed oil at different pressure proportions. It indicated a sharp decrease in HC and CO outflows.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this present study, crude jatropha oil and tamarind seed oil has been procured from the market and done the transesterification of oil Jatropha and tamarind seed oil. The jatropha and tamarind seed oil methyl are mixed each 5%, and 90% diesel by volume is used for the preparation of biodiesel blend B10.The test is carried out for all fuel samples for finding fuel properties. The fuel chattels are shown in table 1.

Table 1: Fuelchattels Calorific Value Kinematic Sample Specific Gravity kJ/kg (mm2/s) Pure Diesel 0.82 46049 2.10 B10- D90JB5PB5 0.83 45233 2.35 Pure JB 0.87 39847 5.48 Pure TB 0.85 36494 4.03

3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND PROCEDURE

The current experimental investigation is conducted on a diesel engine with methyl ester for jatropha and tamarind seed [15]. This configuration requires a programming interface to get the automated results. It linked to the gas analyzer AVL DI to analyze pollutants such as CO, CO2, NOX, HC, and O2. Smoke was measured using the AVL smoke meter, for the pressure analysis pressure transducer was used. Figure1 showed the engine setup.

Figure 1: Research Engine Setup.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746 SCOPUS Indexed Journal NAAS Rating: 3.11 Compatibility of a Diesel Engine for Jatropha and Tamarind Seed 2453 Oil Mixed Biofuel and its Impact on Environment 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The current trial examination is run on a solitary chamber water-cooled diesel engine. Right off the bat, the engine is run with the unadulterated diesel and sequentially run with a B10 at different CR's 17.5, 19.5, and 21. In the current segment, conscious the exhibition and outflow qualities of the engine all the samples of energizes. The exploration engine was run at a consistent speed of 1500rpm from no heap to full load condition. From that got outcome watched the higher BTE for when contrasted and the unadulterated diesel activity.

3.1 Performance Characteristics

The Performance characteristics of BTE and BSFC are analyzed by using figures 2 & 3, respectively. The BTE is shown a continuous increase with an increase in brake power. The BTE is higher for biodiesel due to high oxygen content[16]. The biodiesel blend at the compression ratio 21 shows lower BSFC compared to other compression ratios.

Figure 2: BTE Versus Load. Figure 3: BSFC Versus Load.

3.2 Emission Characteristics 3.2.1 HC Emissions

These are emitted due to incomplete burning[17]. Figure 4 shown that HC emissions. HC emissions were higher for the compression ratio 21 compared to the other samples and lowered for the diesel[18].

3.2.2 CO Emissions

The CO emission is the significance of the fuel's unequal incineration due to lower oxygen content[19]. The CO emission is reduced with the increase in load. The higher CO emission is observed for the neat diesel fuel compared to biodiesel. The combustion rate increases with an increase in biodiesel due to their higher oxygen content. And also, combustion improved with the rise of the compression ratio. CO emissions lower for the compression ratio 21 compared to the other fuel samples and higher for the diesel[20], [21]. Figure 5 shown the CO emission with load

3.2.3 CO2 Emissions

CO2 is a global warming gas whose originis the augmenting temperature of the earth due to the higher absorption of radiation. The continuous industrialization causes higher emissions of CO2 in the atmosphere. Figure 6 observed the relation between CO2 and load. CO2 emissions higher for the compression ratio 21 compared to the other samples and lower for diesel[22]. www.tjprc.org SCOPUS Indexed Journal [email protected] 2454 Radha Krishna Gopidesi*, Rajavarapu Rambabu, Chunchu Balarama Krishna, Yemineni Siva Sankara Rao & S. Srikanth Reddy, Premkartikkumar Sr

Figure 4: HC Versus Load. Figure 5: CO Versus Load.

Figure 6: CO2 Versus Load.

4. CONCLUSIONS

Data obtained at the end of the experiment, throughout the conclusion, is as follows. BTE is improved withamplification in load. The BTE is higher for the biodiesel effect of superior oxygen content. The biodiesel blend at CR 21 shows lower

BSFC impart of other compression ratios. CO2 emissions were higher for the compression ratio 21 than the different samples of CR and lowered for the diesel. HC emissions were higher for the compression ratio 21 compared to the other CRs and reduced for the diesel.

REFERENCES

1. Radha Krishna Gopidesi and P. S. R, “Review on effects of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of emulsified fuel in bifuel engine,” Prog. Ind. Ecol., vol. 12, no. 1–2, pp. 59–66, 2018.

2. R. K. Gopidesi and S. R. Premkartikkumar, “Evaluating the characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with water in diesel emulsion and hythane gas in a dual-fuel mode,” Int. J. Ambient Energy, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–5, 2019.

3. R. K. Gopidesi and P. S. Rajaram, “A review on emulsified fuels and their application in diesel engine,” Int. J. Ambient Energy, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–9, 2019.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746 SCOPUS Indexed Journal NAAS Rating: 3.11 Compatibility of a Diesel Engine for Jatropha and Tamarind Seed 2455 Oil Mixed Biofuel and its Impact on Environment

4. Radha Krishna Gopidesi and SR Premkartikkumar, “Performance, emission and combustion analysis of diesel engine fuelled with emulsified biodiesel,” Prog. Ind. Ecol. – An Int. J., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 292–301, 2019.

5. Joshi, MP, and SS Thipse. "An Evaluation of Algae Biofuel as the Next Generation Alternative Fuel and its Effects on Engine Characteristics: A REVIEW."International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) 9.1, Feb 2019, 435-440

6. B. K. Debnath, B. J. Bora, N. Sahoo, and U. K. Saha, “Influence of Emulsified Palm Biodiesel as Pilot Fuel in a Run Dual Fuel Diesel Engine,” J. Energy Eng., vol. 140, no. 3, p. A4014005, 2013.

7. V. D. Raju, P. S. Kishore, M. H. Kumar, and S. R. Reddy, “ScienceDirect Experimental investigation of alumina oxide nanoparticles effects on the performance and emission characteristics of tamarind seed biodiesel fuelled diesel engine,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 18, pp. 1229–1242, 2019.

8. R. K. Gopidesi, “Effect of Cotton seed oil in Diesel Engine Performance Emission and Combustion Characteristics,” Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng., no. 7, pp. 2602–2605, 2019.

9. N. Kapilan and R. P. Reddy, “Evaluation of methyl esters of mahua oil (mahua indica) as diesel fuel,” JAOCS, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 185–188, 2008.

10. V. Dhana Raju, P. S. Kishore, K. Nanthagopal, and B.Ashok, “An experimental study on the effect of nanoparticles with novel tamarind seed methyl ester for diesel engine applications,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 164, no. March, pp. 655–666, 2018.

11. B. S. Radha Krishna Gopidesi, Goli ravi sankar, Appana Durga Pavan Kumar, Alladi Sukesh Kumar, “Evaluating the Performance and Emission Characteristics of CI Engine with Waste Plastic Oil,” Int. J. Mech. Prod. Eng. Res. Dev., vol. 9, no. 3, p. 2019109, 2019.

12. Shivaji, Kailash B. Anwar, and S. Gowreesh."Experimental Investigation on Use of Preheated Pongamia Oil Bio-Diesel in DI Diesel Engine." International Journal of Automobile Engineering Research and Development (IJAuERD) 4.6 (2014): 1-6.

13. R. K. Gopidesi and N. R. Gangolu, “Assessment of diesel engine characteristics fuelled by jatropha with tamarind seed oil biodiesel,” INCAS Bull., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 51–57, 2020.

14. K. Yamini, V. D. Raju, P. S. Kishore, M. Tech, and M. Engineering, “Experimental Investigation on Diesel Engine Using Dmc As a Fuel Additive in Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Ester,” Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 1372–1379, 2017.

15. L. S. RAJU and B. VENU, “Meta-heuristic optimization of copper friction stir weldments,” Incas Bull., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 163– 171, 2020.

16. B. Venu, L. Suvarna Raju, and K. Venkata Rao, “Multiobjective optimization of friction stir weldments of AA2014-T651 by teaching–learning-based optimization,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng. Sci., vol. 234, no. 6, pp. 1146–1155, 2020.

17. Haribabu, K., and N. Azhagesan."Integration of Biodiesel and Biogas Plants for Cost Effective Bio fuel Generation." International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) 7.4 (2017): 411-424.

18. R. K. Gopidesi and S. R. Premkartikkumar, “Abating environmental pollutants of a diesel engine by using emulsified fuel,” Int. J. Ambient Energy, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–4, 2019.

19. N. Subrahmanya Phani Kumar, B. Bhukya, N. Kumma, S. V. Valeti, and R. K. Gopidesi, “Evaluation of common rail direct injection engine performance, and emission characteristics by using cotton seed oil,” Int. J. Eng. Adv. Technol., vol. 8, no. 5, www.tjprc.org SCOPUS Indexed Journal [email protected] 2456 Radha Krishna Gopidesi*, Rajavarapu Rambabu, Chunchu Balarama Krishna, Yemineni Siva Sankara Rao & S. Srikanth Reddy, Premkartikkumar Sr

pp. 872–875, 2019.

20. S. Vijaya Kumar Reddy et al., “A Review on Nano Coatings for IC Engine Applications,” Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol., vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 70–76, 2017.

21. S. R. Premkartikkumar, K. Annamalai, and A. R. Pradeepkumar, “Impact of ambient air temperature and injection timing on reduction of engine out emissions of DI diesel engine operating under the influence of oxygen enriched hydrogen gas,” Int. J. Oil, Gas Coal Technol., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 109–127, 2015.

22. R. K. Gopidesi, S. V. Valeti, N. Kumma, A. Mutluri, and B. Venu, “Evaluation dual fuel engine fuelled with hydrogen and biogas as secondary fuel,” Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1902–1905, 2019.

23. Tatikonda, NambayaCharyulu, and P. Naveenchandran. "The Behaviour of a Compression Ignition Engine Under the Influence of Diesel and Microalgae Biodiesel Blends." International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Research and Development 9.4 (2019): 447-456.

24. N. Kumma, R. Krishna Gopidesi, T. Raja Rao, and K. Mohan Kumar, “Experimental Investigation on Diesel Engine Fuelled with Hythane Gas,” Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 571–575, 2019.

25. N. K. Radha Krishna Gopidesi, Datta sai, Premkartikkumar SR, “Effects of water diesel emulsion on diesel engine,” Int. J. Mech. Prod. Eng. Res. Dev., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 675–680, 2018.

26. E. Akbarian and B. Najafi, “A novel fuel containing glycerol triacetate additive, biodiesel and diesel blends to improve dual- fuelled diesel engines performance and exhaust emissions,” Fuel, vol. 236, no. November 2017, pp. 666–676, 2019.

27. Chunchu, B.R.K., Putta, J. “Effect of recycled plastic granules as a partial substitute for natural resource sand on the durability of SCC”,2019, Resources, 8(3),133.

28. Chunchu, B.R.K., Putta, J.Rheological and strength behaviour of binary blended SCC replacing partial fine aggregate with plastic E-waste as high impact polystyrene,2019, Buildings, 9(2),50

29. Krishna, C.H.B.R., Jagadeesh, P.Influence of admixtures on plastic wastes in an eco-friendly concrete -A review2017, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(6), pp. 388-397.

30. Bala Rama Krishna, C.H., Jagadeesh, P. Compressive strength evaluation of eco-friendly concrete replacing sand partially with high impact polystyrene, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 2018, 9(1), pp. 865-870.

31. Krishna, C.H.B.R., Jagadeesh, P.Fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete replacing fine aggregate with high impact polystyrene plastic granules,International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 2018,9(12), pp. 831-838.

32. Yemineni Siva Sankara Rao, Kutchibotla Mallikarjuna Rao and V VSubba Rao, “Estimation of damping in riveted shortcantilever beams” Journal of Vibration and Control, 2020, Vol. 0(0) 1–11.

33. Siva Sankara Rao Yemineni, Mallikarjuna Rao Kutchibotla, “Buckling Study of Conical Shells Subjected to Uniform External Pressure Using Theoretical and FEA Approaches” Revue des Composites et des Matériaux Avancés-Journal of Composite and Advanced Materials, 2019, vol 29(2), pp 119-123.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746 SCOPUS Indexed Journal NAAS Rating: 3.11