I N

E D R

I A C

A S T

N E O

D I

T

A

C

L

E

O R

N I

G D

S T

S

H

A E

P

H

M

O

O

R

C

I

.

Z

N

O

a

r e o t

u a

n t

o d

r

O

N

t

o

h

t

e

Z r

N

a

I e o

C

p r t

p

R h I

a

R

C

s O

e r

C

a l

H e

t

L s

s

t

, E

E i

s

a

e l

H

(

d

P

T

F

u

o

t

O

l

i

e

NORTH D t

R

a

(

l N

N

M

E

A

n C

X r

O P

e

A ) H

h

.

M C T

t

r

. I

P o

N

L S n

E

E

P Z

m

“ o

E

r

A N

F H

O NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

M T R

LYNX

T

Y N

H

E

” K E

)

W

S .

. T

Capella T

E

W U B

R

N

W D

E

T

W T H

The Evening Sky Map A SEPTEMBER 2021 E

C

T

FREE* EACH MONTH FOR YOU TO EXPLORE, LEARN & ENJOY THE NIGHT SKY O S

h

L K

e

Y

E CAMELOPARDALIS

b

R

M r

i A

g

A

h S SKY MAP SHOWS HOW

Get Sky Calendar on Twitter P

T

t

URSA MAJOR URSA

C A

s

E

R t

.

J a r

Sky Calendar – September 2021 http://twitter.com/skymaps O

r a

B THE NIGHT SKY LOOKS

U

s

t

O

S

N

o

L

D

f

h

A t

NE C

r I I

a

T EARLY SEPT PM T

o 9

M81

s

S

S

N

2 Moon near Castor at 23h UT (morning sky). s

E

i NW

C

o

e

L

E

p

“

h E

N T

t e

M82

O

C LATE SEPT 8 PM

T

i

, P

.

a

E

O

3 Moon near Pollux at 5h UT (morning sky). s (Add 1 Hour For Daylight Saving)

L

i

N

R PERSEUS

A

f r

R

o

O

a

I

(

S l

Z

r SKY MAP DRAWN FOR

J ”

m I

o

T U

R H

P

S

4 Moon near Beehive cluster M44 at 7h UT (morning sky). E a

O A LATITUDE OF 40°

T

N d

H O

W

n

R

A

Dipper

i

T

E - NORTH AND IS

f

H

S Algol

s

H

The Big The

S

h

5 at 21h UT (evening sky). Mags. –4.1 & 1.0. o Venus 1.6° NNE of Spica T

Y

T

t A

M94 a

SUITABLE FOR

O

R

CANES VENATICI

p

S

)

U

I

e

h

Cluster

LATITUDES UP

g

A E

7 at 0:51 UT. Start of lunation 1221. t New Moon Double h u Polaris L R

a C o

E TO 15° NORTH

l

& Alcor &

NCP t

R

P Mizar

Caroli D

I

MINOR

i Cor

C r s OR SOUTH O

M51

9 Moon near Mercury at 2h UT (evening sky). Mag. 0.1.

URSA

o

I

e

R

(

N CASSIOPEIA

a

Thuban

E OF THIS

M64

r G

s

T

e y

U

N

p

9 Moon near Spica at 22h UT (evening sky).

CEPHEUS

t

O

O p

o γ

i

Dipper

W

E

D

r

ANDROMEDA

) e H Little

g

T

10 Moon near Venus at 6h UT (evening sky). Mag. –4.1. c

i S

o

O

B

D

g

η

M3

N n ARIES e T

β

DRACO

H i A h

z

10 Asteroid 2 Pallas at opposition at 17h UT (evening

t

E

e )

. Hamal

E e

H

C

s

T

sky). Mag. 8.6. O C

I

U

M33

M L

N

M31

P I E

A

P Z

(

11 Moon at perigee (closest to Earth) at 9:53 UT S

δ

T

S

D

I γ

ν

D

C μ A

Arcturus

I E (distance 368,461 km; angular size 32.4'). T

ε

R

h

H

E

e

R

C

E

a

T

13 Moon near Antares at 3h UT (evening sky). V

n I

O

O

c

N i

Etamin

Y e

M39

L

n Deneb

T

13 First Quarter Moon at 20:40 UT. M92 BOÖTES

T

t

H

C

PISCES

A c

E

M13

o

T R

R

CORONA

Gemma

n I EAST

14 Mercury at greatest elongation east at 4h UT BOREALIS A

Great Square

s

D P

of Pegasus

t

ε

e

P

Y CYGNUS Vega

l

(27° from Sun, evening sky). Mag. 0.2 E K

l

61

a

A

S

t

R

i E

S o WEST

β H 14 Neptune at opposition at 9h UT. Mag. 7.8. n

A T

L o

F LYRA . O f M57 χ ” O

N s 17 Moon near Saturn at 5h UT (evening sky). Mag. 0.4. A

T G Summer Triangle d q Albireo R o

u PEGASUS HERCULES

T g A a H

VIRGO P r M27 18 Moon near Jupiter at 10h UT (evening sky). Mag. –2.8. e E i u h E

M5 B s t H α SERPENS (CAPUT) O r f T e 20 Full Moon at 23:54 UT. T o S T p Cr 399 I O Circlet d r γ e a M P s o M15 A 21 Mercury 1.4° SSW of Spica at 15h UT (25° from e DELPHINUS r O n “ M

F t Enif e s E T Sun, evening sky). Mags. 0.4 and 1.0. h H a Altair IC 4665 t H T E y s CETUS o a F M AQUARIUS 6633 u O 22 September equinox at 19:22 UT. The time when the t A n M12 i R P g d E OPHIUCHUS I m e T Sun reaches the point along the ecliptic where it S i M2 M10 f N

a η LIBRA i E T n t H SERPENS C n crosses into the southern celestial hemisphere marking E p (CAUDA) e E o AQUILA d H S u i A T r Diphda s the start of autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and M i . n M11 t E e S g E o A w p M spring in the Southern Hemisphere. S I a 7009 M16 t T T t β n H e Jupiter e r i D E f c N 26 Moon near the Pleiades at 3h UT (morning sky). r n A D o I m M17 A S R CAPRICORNUS . E E a 7293 M23 y T 26 Moon near Aldebaran at 21h UT (morning sky). C k A T j M25 s D I a Saturn M21 e O r M20 N N i th I Symbols n A 26 Moon at apogee (farthest from Earth) at 22h UT (distance T t Antares s T H o Fomalhaut Nunki M4 s R A t M22 M8 ro E Galaxy T h c C 404,640 km; angular size 29.5'). Y e AUSTRINUSPISCIS a O m s N U SE The e O o Teapot h S Double Star F u c R 29 Last Quarter Moon at 1:57 UT. A th SW et A CE o tr E . f s P Variable Star B a SAGITTARIUS M6 y P E l SCORPIUS a A 30 Moon near Castor at 8h UT (morning sky). G ar W IT IN g y S Diffuse Nebula e lk A B fi M7 i Y sh M N 30 Moon near Pollux at 13h UT (morning sky). U , e ZO SI P Th I Planetary Nebula N isc CORONA OR G is H More sky events and links at http://Skymaps.com/skycalendar/ TH A GRUS AUSTRALIS O- Open Star Cluster E us -T SK tri ON Y nu IZ All times in Universal Time (UT). (USA Eastern Summer Time = UT – 4 hours.) MA s. OR Globular Star Cluster P T H O OM FIN FR SAVE ON RECOMMENDED PRODUCTS • http://Skymaps.com/store D The KY A B Su . T S RIG mme ead IGH Star Magnitudes HT r Tri SOUTH overh E N -1 0 1 2 3 4 • Star Atlases & Planispheres • Star Charts & Astro Posters STA angle stars TIR R PA – Vega, bright E EN TTER Altair, and Deneb – three S TH Copyright © 2000–2021 Kym Thalassoudis. All Rights Reserved. • Books for Sky Watchers • Telescopes & Binoculars N IN SHOW THE SKY KY MAP All sales support the production and free distribution of The Evening Sky Map. . INSTRUCTIONS: THE S * TERMS OF USE: FREE FOR NON-COMMERCIAL EDUCATIONAL USE. ASTRONOMY EDUCATION GROUPS MAY FREELY DISTRIBUTE PRINTED HANDOUTS. FULL DETAILS AT http://Skymaps.com/terms.html About the Celestial Objects Easily Seen with the Naked Eye Listed on this page are several of the brighter, more interesting celestial objects Altair Aql Brightest star in Aquila. Name means "the flying eagle". Dist=16.7 ly. visible in the evening sky this month (refer to the monthly sky map). The objects are Capella Aur The 6th brightest star. Appears yellowish in color. Spectroscopic binary. Dist=42 ly. Arcturus Boo Orange, giant K star. Name means "bear watcher". Dist=36.7 ly. grouped into three categories. Those that can be easily seen with the naked eye (that δ Cephei Cep Cepheid prototype. Mag varies between 3.5 & 4.4 over 5.366 days. Mag 6 companion. is, without optical aid), those easily seen with binoculars, and those requiring a Deneb Cyg Brightest star in Cygnus. One of the greatest known supergiants. Dist=1,400±200 ly. telescope to be appreciated. Note, all of the objects (except single stars) will α Herculis Her Semi-regular variable. Magnitude varies between 3.1 & 3.9 over 90 days. Mag 5.4 companion. appear more impressive when viewed through a telescope or very large Vega Lyr The 5th brightest star in the sky. A blue-white star. Dist=25.0 ly. binoculars. They are grouped in this way to highlight objects that can be seen using Algol Per Famous eclipsing binary star. Magnitude varies between 2.1 & 3.4 over 2.867 days. Fomalhaut PsA Brightest star in Piscis Austrinus. In Arabic the "fish's mouth". Dist=25 ly. the optical equipment that may be available to the star gazer. SEPTEMBER 2021 Antares Sco Red, supergiant star. Name means "rival of Mars". Dist=135.9 ly. Polaris UMi The North Pole Star. A telescope reveals an unrelated mag 8 companion star. Dist=433 ly. Tips for Observing the Night Sky When observing the night sky, and in particular deep-sky objects such as star clusters, NORTHERN HEMISPHERE Easily Seen with Binoculars nebulae, and galaxies, it’s always best to observe from a dark location. Avoid direct M31 And The Andromeda Galaxy. Most distant object visible to naked eye. Dist=2.93 million ly. M2 Aqr Resembles a fuzzy star in binoculars. light from street lights and other sources. If possible observe from a dark location η Aquilae Aql Bright Cepheid variable. Mag varies between 3.6 & 4.5 over 7.166 days. Dist=1,200 ly. away from the light pollution that surrounds many of today’s large cities. M3 CVn Easy to find in binoculars. Might be glimpsed with the naked eye. You will see more stars after your eyes adapt to the darkness—usually about 10 to μ Cephei Cep Herschel's Garnet Star. One of the reddest stars. Mag 3.4 to 5.1 over 730 days. 20 minutes after you go outside. Also, if you need to use a torch to view the sky χ Cygni Cyg Long period pulsating red giant. Magnitude varies between 3.3 & 14.2 over 407 days. map, cover the light bulb with red cellophane. This will preserve your dark vision. M39 Cyg May be visible to the naked eye under good conditions. Dist=900 ly. ν Draconis Dra Wide pair of white stars. One of the finest binocular pairs in the sky. Dist=100 ly. Finally, even though the Moon is one of the most stunning objects to view M13 Her Best globular in northern skies. Discovered by Halley in 1714. Dist=23,000 ly. through a telescope, its light is so bright that it brightens the sky and makes many of M92 Her Fainter and smaller than M13. Use a telescope to resolve its stars. the fainter objects very difficult to see. So try to observe the evening sky on ε Lyrae Lyr Famous Double Double. Binoculars show a double star. High power reveals each a double. moonless nights around either New Moon or Last Quarter. R Lyrae Lyr Semi-regular variable. Magnitude varies between 3.9 & 5.0 over 46.0 days. M10 Oph 3 degrees from the fainter M12. Both may be glimpsed in binoculars. Dist=14,000 ly. IC 4665 Oph Large, scattered open cluster. Visible with binoculars. Astronomical Glossary 6633 Oph Scattered open cluster. Visible with binoculars. Conjunction – An alignment of two celestial bodies such that they present the least M15 Peg Only globular known to contain a planetary nebula (Mag 14, d=1"). Dist=30,000 ly. Double Cluster Per Double Cluster in Perseus. NGC 869 & 884. Excellent in binoculars. Dist=7,300 ly. angular separation as viewed from Earth. M8 Sgr Lagoon Nebula. Bright nebula bisected by a dark lane. Dist=5,200 ly. Constellation – A defined area of the sky containing a star pattern. M25 Sgr Bright cluster located about 6 deg N of "teapot's" lid. Dist=1,900 ly. M22 Sgr A spectacular globular star cluster. Telescope will show stars. Dist=10,000 ly. Diffuse Nebula – A cloud of gas illuminated by nearby stars. M6 Sco Butterfly Cluster. 30+ stars in 7x binoculars. Dist=1,960 ly. Double Star – Two stars that appear close to each other in the sky; either linked by M7 Sco Superb open cluster. Visible to the naked eye. Age=260 million years. Dist=780 ly. gravity so that they orbit each other (binary star) or lying at different distances from Mizar & Alcor UMa Good eyesight or binoculars reveals 2 stars. Not a binary. Mizar has a mag 4 companion. Earth (optical double). Apparent separation of stars is given in seconds of arc ("). Cr 399 Vul Coathanger asterism or "Brocchi's Cluster". Not a true star cluster. Dist=218 to 1,140 ly. Ecliptic – The path of the Sun’s center on the celestial sphere as seen from Earth. Telescopic Objects Elongation – The angular separation of two celestial bodies. For Mercury and Venus γ Andromedae And Attractive double star. Bright orange star with mag 5 blue companion. Sep=9.8". the greatest elongation occurs when they are at their most angular distance from the 7009 Aqr Saturn Nebula. Requires 8-inch telescope to see Saturn-like appendages. Sun as viewed from Earth. 7293 Aqr Helix Nebula. Spans nearly 1/4 deg. Requires dark sky. Dist=300 ly. γ Arietis Ari Impressive looking double blue-white star. Visible in a small telescope. Sep=7.8". Galaxy – A mass of up to several billion stars held together by gravity. CELESTIAL OBJECTS ε Boötis Boo Red giant star (mag 2.5) with a blue-green mag 4.9 companion. Sep=2.8". Difficult to split. Globular Star Cluster – A ball-shaped group of several thousand old stars. M51 CVn Whirlpool Galaxy. First recognised to have spiral structure. Dist=25 million ly. η Cassiopeiae Cas Yellow star mag 3.4 & orange star mag 7.5. Dist=19 ly. Orbit=480 years. Sep=12". Light Year (ly) – The distance a beam of light travels at 300,000 km/sec in one year. Albireo Cyg Beautiful double star. Contrasting colours of orange and blue-green. Sep=34.4". Magnitude – The brightness of a celestial object as it appears in the sky. 61 Cygni Cyg Attractive double star. Mags 5.2 & 6.1 orange dwarfs. Dist=11.4 ly. Sep=28.4". γ Delphini Del Appear yellow & white. Mags 4.3 & 5.2. Dist=100 ly. Struve 2725 double in same field. Open Star Cluster – A group of tens or hundreds of relatively young stars. β Lyrae Lyr Eclipsing binary. Mag varies between 3.3 & 4.3 over 12.940 days. Fainter mag 7.2 blue star. Opposition – When a celestial body is opposite the Sun in the sky. M57 Lyr Ring Nebula. Magnificent object. Smoke-ring shape. Dist=4,100 ly. M20 Sgr Trifid Nebula. A telescope shows 3 dust lanes trisecting nebula. Dist=5,200 ly. Planetary Nebula – The remnants of a shell of gas blown off by a star. M17 Sgr Omega Nebula. Contains the star cluster NGC 6618. Dist=4,900 ly. Universal Time (UT) – A time system used by astronomers. Also known as Greenwich M11 Sct Wild Duck Cluster. Resembles a globular through binoculars. V-shaped. Dist=5,600 ly. Mean Time. USA Eastern Standard Time (for example, New York) is 5 hours behind UT. M16 Ser Eagle Nebula. Requires a telescope of large aperture. Dist=8,150 ly. M33 Tri Fine face-on spiral galaxy. Requires a large aperture telescope. Dist=2.3 million ly. Variable Star – A star that changes brightness over a period of time. M27 Vul Dumbbell Nebula. Large, twin-lobed shape. Most spectacular planetary. Dist=975 ly. The Evening Sky Map (ISSN 1839-7735) Copyright © 2000–2021 Kym Thalassoudis. All Rights Reserved.