GI Histology 2

• The student should know the following:

• 1. the esophagus structure • 2. it’s function • 3. lining of the esophagus • esophageal glands

• 1. esophageal glands proper • 2. esophageal cardiac glands • 3. their location • 4. types of secretions

• Histology:

1. Parts of the stomach. 2. main functions of the stomach 3. stomach’s regions Mucosa

1. The (type of ) 2. are branched, tubular glands (cardiac, gastric, and pyloric) characteristic of gland and pits in each region of the stomach. 3. The of the stomach 4. the . Cardia

• 1. what is the cardia • 2. It’s mucosa • 3. it’s cells types • 3. it’s glands • 4. types of secretions Fundus & Body

• Histological characters of this region:

• 1. The lamina propria of the fundus and body • 2. the gastric gland three distinct regions: • A. the isthmus • B. neck • C. base • 3. The distribution of epithelial cells in gastric glands Stem Cells

• 1. characteristics of stem cells • 2. regions of stem cells Mucous Neck Cells

1. Characteristics of Mucous neck cells 2. Sights of mucous neck cells 3. Its secretion Oxyntic (Parietal) Cells

• 1. characteristics of Parietal cells • 2. sights of parietal cells • 3. The secretory activity of parietal cells mechanisms. Chief (Zymogenic) Cells

• 1. characteristics of Chief cells • 2. the region of chief cells • 3. enzymal production of chief cells Enteroendocrine Cells

• 1. characteristics of enteroendocrine cells • 2. region of enteroendocrine cells • 3. secretory products and function

• Histology of the pyloric region:

• 1. pyloric glands • 2. comparing glands in the cardiac region • 3. secretion of the glands • 4. pyloric pits • 5. pyloric sphincter Other layers

• 1. The . • 2. The muscularis externa three layers • 3. serosa • The student should know the following:

• 1. small intestine parts • 2. small intestine function • 3. histology of each part of the small intestine

• 1. type of epithelium • 2. mucosa • 3. submucosa • 4. serosa or adventetia • 5. Intestinal villi in the dudenum, jujenum and ilium • 1. intestinal glands (also called crypts), or glands of Lieberkühn

• 2. types of cells, their characteristics and their function.

Absorptive cells or Structure of the villi Goblet cells Paneth's cells

• Characters of M (microfold) cells

• Characters and function of microfold cell • The student should know the following:

1. The lamina propria of the small intestine 2. intestinal villi 3. Function of intestinal villi

• 1. duodenal (or Brunner's) glands • 2. their product of secretion • 3. their function • 1. Peyer's patches characterstics (common in ilium) • 2. function Vessels & Nerves

• 1. The blood vessels that nourish the intestines • 2. (lacteals), their sights and function • The student should know the following:

• 1. the source of the rhythmic movement of the villi • 2. its function • 1. The innervation of the intestines • a. intrinsic component myenteric (Auerbach's) nerve plexus • B. extrinsic component submucosal (Meissner's) plexus