2.Assistant Professor andHead,Research and Development,Kardan UniversityKabul Afghanistan 1.Assistant Professor, Kardan UniversityKabul Afghanistan better theiroperations. and businesses will figure out where has a place in their world and using this technology to and Governmentsbusinesses utilizing blockchain. Aside fromjustcryptocurrencies, government His top three major trends inthisspace for 2018areRegulation, Legacy companies entering the scene involved are more happy about the evolution of and block-chain than they are fearful. leads to the fear, but the excitement around the tech itself is outpacing that. scene. the hit first since storm by world the taken has that class asset new a It’s that is crypto around fear much so is there why on company, software still makebasicsecuritymistakes.Ethicalhacking neededhere!) (Acourse of Hacking, and worse) coins. get their could get This and exchanges try of to lot kidnapped will get you into a ‘pool’ of some sorts for a set fee), Creative theft in the real world (Someone was just that sites or real, not are that ICOs like scams with We’re( done Fraud not like 2018 for space this in be: lost,stolen/hacked, or justplain frauds (asisthecasewithsomeICOs). There are topthree trends it’sthat mostly is as where price in back pulls Bitcoin time TechnicalEvery bubble. a will coins that is Financial technical. and financial sides: two on There’scrypto: fear around fear much so is there why Konstantinos sons behindthe fearsaswellkeypredictions for 2018sothat you canbeprepared: Taking intolight rea see they as executives crypto of number a from insights real-time are following The basis. to-day massive Millennialdemographic? ing area,particularly as wemovetoageneral cashless society that is easily driven andadopted by the why isthere so much fear around the area of , and what will 2018 mean for this pioneer sentiment days ago, while the day after reports detailed a large digital heist surrounding . Doomsday currency. Indeed,therewasnothingshortofafrenzyaroundtradingontheCBOEBitcoinfuturesfew opposition is Team Tradition that warns ofthe perils of decentralization and fraudaroundpuredigital about the future ofthisnewform of currency that takes digital shape andisbeyondrestriction. In direct terms sky blue in speak they as thing big next the hand, Teamas one arena On the proclaimers Crypto 1. To answer this question, it’s best to turn to those well-entrenched in the crypto area on a day- a on area crypto the in well-entrenched those to turn to it’sbest question, this Toanswer There is nodoubtthat Introduction

Another speculationisfromJohnMonarch,CEO ofShipChain,ablock-chainbasedlogistics around this new area of tech convergence with that of the financial spectrum is Karagiannis, Fear andFuture ofCryptocurrency: An Introspection Mr. ShamsUlHayat Chief Technology Officer, Security Consulting Practice, BT Americas on Americas BT Practice, Consulting Security Officer, Technology Chief Cryptocurrency is awordthat provokes averystrongresponsethesedays. 1 and Dr. NassirUlHaqWani The volatility in the market often is what is often market the in volatility The I’d say most people actually 2 plentiful. Just - -

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Journal of Economics and Management Sciences VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1 JANUARY 2018 ------crypto Below is a Below other Infosys decided to company comments to any JPMorgan trader who was trading bitcoin. comments to any JPMorgan In the meantime, bitcoin will remain as a grand test of the block “When chain technology. Jim Angleton, President for Aegis FinServ Corp explains that on why there is so much fear A shift In the Financial System A harbin ultimate the it’s but people, bitcoin the to horrifying probably is idea whole the think “I Economists studying cryptocurrency and computer security experts agree: The future likely Will our future be in Bitcoin? future our Will Bitcoin was created to work outside national currencies, which is a draw to people who don’t In short, 2018 will be a roller-coaster ride when it comes to this new area of tech. new area this to comes when it ride roller-coaster a be 2018 will In short, Peter Loop, a blockchain expert with IT services and consulting

3. 2. ger of success when the person you’re trying to defeat co-opts your own plans and turns them against you,” says Yermack. “The ultimate victory is where the central bank co-opts their technology and bitcoin finally fails, I think we will look back on it as a really important, valuable experiment in which more lessons will be learned than there will be loss.” won’t be based won’t on bitcoin. not Of to course, say that’s that be the based future won’t on currencies. money as a kind of means of exchange and a store of value, but Bitcoin is best at the means of exchange, of means the at best is Bitcoin but value, of store a and exchange of means of kind a as money based on bitcoin. be The future likely won’t but not very good at the store of value.” trust central banks. The issues of privacy also stop it from becoming the future of “Bitcoin money. is of we think Traditionally, privacy,” and not enough privacy much provides too it in that problematic Stay tuned for much more in the year ahead. Stay tuned for much more in the of the image below. quick infographic from Coinlist to help you stay a bit ahead of the curve. But in such a wild west sce such a wild in But curve. of the a bit ahead you stay help to from Coinlist infographic quick in the game probably before you reach the end there will be new developments nario as cryptocurrency, ‘fire in a second’ automation, digitization of processes, tokenization of physical assets and activities and codification of viral Dimon’s Jamie despite desk, trading cryptocurrency a open will JPMorgan and contracts complex get right to his top three trends in this space for 2018 are that with the rise of ransomware attacks de this space for 2018 are that with the rise of ransomware attacks get right to his top three trends in on cryp with defenses based will emerge cybersecurity and IoT manding cryptocurrencies, blockchain with specifically enterprise the of transformation digital drive will blockchain technologies, tocurrency ing many individuals to lose interest. the price per coin will reduce and or it could be classified as a ponzistyle investment. Theflip side is thus leav much higher priced and become theories ETF Investment along with their continues bitcoin eliminating their paper currency and exiting dependence upon the U$D. We believe 20+ Countries will Countries 20+ believe We U$D. the upon dependence exiting and currency paper their eliminating occurs this Once sellers. more and “buyers’ less see will Bitcoin goals, their towards Testing Beta begin more diverse and adaptive offering new methods of privacy, security, ID security, Metrics to Secure online service and more, 108 Countries are experimenting with issuing digital currencies in favor of your unregistered (not registered with Blockchain) are safer are safer (not registered with Blockchain) In addition, your unregistered malware or ransomware. becoming see Blockchain We for 2018: top three trends in this space His from hack than Registered. around crypto is because CrytpoCurrency space runs with the wind. Essentially the facts speak for the facts speak the wind. Essentially space runs with CrytpoCurrency is because around crypto with to a hack leading Intrusion Cyber targeted selected, via They can be compromised themselves.

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JANUARY 2018 JANUARY Journal of Economics and Management Sciences VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1 ISSUE 1, VOLUME institutions to dothe computations to verify transactions. In amodel with onecentral bank andonly30 should helpmakecryptocurrency usable onalarger scale, since thecentral bank couldemploy other In their paperontheRSCoinmodel,authorswritethatacryptocurrency backed byanational bank RSCoin woulduseapublicledgerandthecryptographicsystemtodistributemoney. digital one has no economic significance — that is, a pound is still a pound, says a for Yermack.note Like bitcoin, physical a exchanging circulation, in are many how on based is pound British the of value the Since note. physical a of instead “coin” digital a by represented just pounds, of number fixed same billion British poundsin circulation. A British economy using only cryptocurrency would have the were there 2017, in example, For notes. physical printing was it if as money digital create would cy framework called to working is England of and part of their plan includes launching the estcoin, the world’s first national cryptocurrency. The Bank studies theeconomicsofcryptocurrency. economy,says the regulating and stabilizing of job its at efficient more Reserve Federal the make would it centralized, nation’sa were of money all If itself. Reserve Federal the in account an into it transform and Citibank make themmoresecure. The secondwaywouldbetomoveyourbankaccountfromsomethinglike physical to . A dollar would still be a dollar, but transactions would use blockchain to from switch to is option One ways. different primary two in mainstream the into way its make could Ryan thinksthat the blockchain will bethetechnology to transformthemoneyoffuture.Blockchain technological problems likehacking,Ryan says.Basedonthe issues ofcybersecurity looming ahead, avoid to ability improved its in felt be will currency’sinfluence money,crypto of future the to comes But in 50 years, a nationally backed cryptocurrency could replace the paper dollar, he says. When it “Monetary policy and financial stability — I think those problems will be exactly the same in 50 years.” makes itthebasisoftheirownoperation. And Icanseeitveryclearly play outthatway,” Yermack says. in the long run isa reorganization of the branches of government and probably more levels of political need to going really you’re what think says “I efficient,” Yermack. more bank central the making not currency. digital of form some to moving from in benefit cost could opportunity alike huge a is “There Kate says. Over the next fifty years, Yermack thinks that law-abiding citizens, banks, and governments on every connected computer, it would be difficult to hide financial indiscretions from the government, Kate, a computer scientist at Purdue University. Since all transactions on the blockchain are recorded the anonymous ledgers used today, governments can track users and financial information, says cryptocurrency, bankfeeswouldlikely drop,andmoneytransferswouldhappenfaster. a national with So services.” payment and financial of types better or new offer to background the in used be may technology blockchain and with, familiar they’re denomination the in prices cheaper see For a consumer, a centralized cryptocurrency won’t change much, says Catalini. “[Consumers] will just securely. and quickly lives financial their about move to citizens British for enough fast certainly but commercial banks, RSCoin could make 2,000 transactions per second — not quite up to VISA’s speed, And with national cryptocurrencies, it will be more difficult to conduct illegal activity. Even with Some institutions are beginning to try it. Christian Catalina, assistant professor at MIT’s Sloan School of Management who Management of School MIT’sSloan at professor assistant Catalina, Christian RSCoin create its own cryptocurrency own its create that would usea centralized system. To gocrypto, the Bank of England Estonia is workingtocreate an e-Residency program, and has created an experimental cryptocurren experimental an created has and Aniket 73.2 - 77

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transactions transactions — you might not like it if your neighbor could see that you’re buying all “The only question that seems to be open is: would it be the kind of Scandinavian system we countries start to make the switch to digital currencies, their societies, along with the governments to digital currencies, countries start to make the switch out how to adapt. will have to figure which all rely, themselves and the economies upon talked about, where every transaction can be monitored [and] that lends itself to a surveillance state?” state?” a surveillance to itself lends [and] that monitored be can transaction every where about, talked James asks. “Or will it be a kind of Bitcoin-like system, where there is an anonymity built in?” As future of digital-only currency. future of digital-only is also on the public record, says James. Citizens of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Greenland, and Iceland Greenland, and record, says is also on the public Norway, Citizens of Denmark, Sweden, James. for a possible making those countries a microcosm physical currencies, James says, rarely use their neighbor’s prying eyes. But the issue of privacy is potentially more of a social problem than a technical a than problem social a of more potentially is privacy of issue the But eyes. prying neighbor’s banking electronic Scandinavia, of parts other In knowledge. public are records tax all Norway, In one. vibrators and cat food in bulk (of course, you could also find all their weird purchases). However, cryp However, purchases). weird their all find also could you course, (of bulk in food cat and vibrators your could inhibit Kate says; a future system in varying degrees, user privacy can protect tocurrencies have to decide just how private they want transactions to be. famous Bitcoin’s openness might not be for so appealing control over the central bank.” As countries creep closer to creating their own cryptocurrency, they will they own cryptocurrency, their creating to closer creep As countries bank.” central the over control

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