Moluscos De Las Formaciones De Fanerógamas Marinas En Las Costas Del Cabo De Palos (Murcia)

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Moluscos De Las Formaciones De Fanerógamas Marinas En Las Costas Del Cabo De Palos (Murcia) UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS TESIS DOCTORAL Moluscos de las formaciones de fanerógamas marinas en las costas del Cabo de Palos (Murcia) MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR José Templado González DIRECTOR: Rafael Alvarado Ballester Madrid, 2015 © José Templado González, 1982 José Templado Gonzalez 5309862055 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE MOLUSCOS DE LAS FORMACIONES DE FANEROGAMAS MARINAS EN LAS COSTAS DEL CABO DE FALOS (MURCIA) Catedra de Invertebrados no Artrôpodos Facultad de Cienclas Dioléçicas Universldad Complutense de Madrid 1983 d i b l i o t e c a Coleccién Tests Doctorales. N® 188/83 José Templado Gonzalez Edita e imprime la Editorial de la Universldad Complutense de Madrid. Servicio de Reprografia Noviciado, 3 Madrid-8 Madrid, 1983 Xerox 9200 XB 480 Depésito Legal: M - 27491-1983 JOSE TEMPLADO GONZALEZ MOLUSCOS DE LAS FORMACIONES DE FANEROGAMAS MARINAS EN LAS COSTAS DEL CABO DE PALOS (MURCIA). UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID Facultad de Biologia Departamento de Zoologîa 1982 Esta TESIS DOCTORAL ha sido diripida por el Prof. Dr.Rafael Alvarado Ba- llester y realizada en su totalidad en la Catedra de Zoologüa de Inver- tebrados no Artrôpodos de la Facul­ tad de Biologîa de la Universldad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid a 11 de noviembre de 1982 V°B" .C'il A mis padres IfAnO CONGTAR MI AMRAMECIMI 1?T0 : AI Profenor D. Rafael Alvarado, Director do. onta merioria -on cnyo Dnpartamon to so ha llovado a caho-, por el apoyo y las facilidados prostadan on su roali- 7,aci<5n, as! como por sus vnliosas su^oroncias. A todos mis companeros do la G^tedra do Invertohrados no Artrôpodos; on os')C o.ial a Ana G. Morono, ouya ayuda ha abarcado dosdo la reco.-ida do nnu'stras - on la costa hasta la elaboraciôn do los cuadros piio acompannn a esta hosis, cn- ya realizaciôn roquerlan do una paoiencia quo sdlo olla posoo. A D. An^el A . Luque inme.jorablo amipp y colaborador dosdo mis comimsos on - la malacolopfa; su aportaciôn a la roalizacidn do esta niotnoria )\a sido inesting bio. A D. JesûsA. Ortea, roconocido malacôlopo, por su ainabilidad al acnp^rnos on su casa y por lo mncho pun nos ha onsonado. A simi smo, a todos los demôs cole^ pas ospanolos, con los quo ho mantenido un constante y Fructlforo int'’rcanibio - do ideas y nublicacionoa. A D® Carmen Galdn, D? Alicia L6pez-Ibor, D. Josus Ronito, D. Gui 11 crti o Can - Martin, I). José Manuel Viôitez, D. liuponio Fernôndez Pulpeiro, D. Manuel Rodri- puoz y D. Enrique Garcia, a quionos debo la dotenninncidn do una sorie do rspo- cios do los prupos animales que so detallan on el toxt.o. A D. Mup nio Ortiz, director del liusoo Ilaoional do Cioncias M'aturalos, y a - T). Juan Manuel ITernôndoz, bibliotecario del mismo con hi o, nor las facilidados - quo '0 ban dado para la consulta do 'a coloccidn nalaoolôpica y la labor Eibli^ prdfica, rospectivamont". A los hormanos D. Francisco y 'duardo Espfn Granchas, a T). Mduardo i:spfn Tom plado y a 1). Fernando Fdroz do Tironosa, co ipaiioros do Imceo l.odos nllns quo ban colaborado on ta rocopq.da do manorial. A Pachi q no, con nromura do t i cm no, ba teocanopi’a fi ado el toxho a qartir d_o - nnos oripinnlos mucbas voces i1opibles. A todos los colcpns extranjoros quo con ponorosidad me han enviado sus pubH cacionos, en especial al Dr. Oiarlos-François Houdouresque y colaboradoros y al Dr. Michel Ledoyer, cuyos trabajos, en valor y volumen, han constituido una im­ portante ayuda. A mis tios y primos en Cabo do Palos, que siempre han puesto a mi disposi-- cidn su compronsiôn y sus embarcaciones, ambas cosas imprescindibles. "hast but not least" a Joaquin Templado, mi padre, por su constante estfmiilo y por sus observaciones, a veces reiterativas, pero casi siompre acrrtadas. La prea-ntr t^sis Da sido realizada con la ayuda de una beca doctoral del - 1nstituto Nacional de Asistnncia y Prohaociôn del Estudianto (l.M.A.P.E.). INDICE 0ENERALIDADE3 I. INTRODUCCION. 1.1. Antecedentes hlstdrioos ........................... 2 1.2. Planteamiento y objetivoe de la tesis .......................... 4 II. ZONA ESTUDIADA. 2.1. Datos geogrâficos ............................................... 7 2.2. Factores hidroldgicos ........................................... 10 2.2.1. El réglmen térmioo.......... Il 2.2.2. El répimen de vientoe, hidrodinamismo y mareae .......... 12 2.2.3. Penetracidn de la lus ..................................... 13 2.3. Breve descripcidn bionômica ..................................... 14 III. MATERIAL Y MET0D08. 3.1. Métodos de muestreo ................... 19 3.1.1. Huestreos del estrato de rizomas de las praderas de Posidonia ................................................ 20 3.1.2. Muestreos del estrato foliar de las praderas de Posidonia ................................................ 25 3.1.3. Muestreos de las formaciones de Cymodooea y Zostera ..... 29 3.2. Estudio y conservacidn del material ............................. 30 3.3. Material estudiado .............................................. 32 3»4« Discusidn de la metodologfa ...................................... 32 PRIMERA PARTE LAS FAI'IEROGAMAS MARINAS Y SUS BIOCENOSIS IV. LA PRADERA DE Posidonia oceanioa. 4.1. Distribuciôn geogrâfica ......................................... 37 4.2. Caractères raorfolôgicos ......................................... 39 4.3. Fenologla ....................................................... 41 4 .4 . Caractères fisiolôgicos y ecoldgicos ............................ 43 4 .5 . Estructura de las praderas. Instalaciôn y evolucidn ............ 45 4 .6 . La biocenosis posidonloola.............. 48 4.6.1. Lista de especies vegetales y animales determinadas ....... 50 4 .6 .2 . El estrato foliar ......................................... 5& 4 .6 .3. El estrato de rizomas ...................................... 61 4 .7 . Conclusiones ..................................................... 65 V. LAS FORMACIONES DE Çymodocea nodosa Y DE Zostera noltii 5.1. Distribucidn geogrAfica de Cymodooea nodosa ..................... 69 5 .2 . Caractères morfoldgicos, fenolôgioos y estructura de sus formaciones .................... 69 5 .3 . La biocenosis "cimodocicola" ............................... 7 I 5 .4 . Distribuciôn geogràfica de Zostera noltii ........................ 72 5.5* Caractères morfolôgicos y fenoldgicos ........................... 73 5 .6 . La biocenosis en t o m o a Zostera noltii ..........................74 SECONDA PARTE MALACOFAUNA DE ^ FORMACIONES M FANEROGAMAS MARINAS VI. MOLUSCOS DE LAS PRADERAS DE Posidonia. 6.1. Especies del estrato foliar ...................................... 78 6.1.1. Lista sistemAtica y consideraciones tpjconômicas .......... 80 6.1.2. Datos autoecolôgicos ...................................... 82 6 .1.3 . Consideraciones ecoldgicas .............................. I05 6.2. Especies del estrato de rizomas ................................ 107 6.2.1. Lista sistemâtica y consideraciones taxondmicas ......... 111 6.2.2. Datos autoecolôgicos .................................... 117 6.2.3. Consideraciones ecoldgicas .............................. 272 6 .2 .4 . Distribucidn espacial de las especies..................... 272 6 .2 .5* Distribuciôn temporal: fluctuaciôn de las poblaciones, ritmos estacionales y ciclos bioldgicos ................. 275 6 .3 . Consideraciones générales sobre Los moluscos posidonicolas ...... 278 Ritmos circadianos ............................................. 260 VII. MOTUSC03 DE LAS FORMACIONES DE Cymodooea Y Zostera--- 7 .1 . Lista comentadâ de las especies de Cymodooea ............. 285 7 .2 . Consideraciones faunlstioas .................................... 291 7 .3 . Lista oomentada de las especies de Zo s t e r a .................. 292 7»4« Consideraciones faunlstioas ................................... 296 VIII. DISCUSION; El papel de los moluscos en las biocenosis de fane- rôgamas marinas.................................................... 297 CONCLUSIONES ........................................................... 304 RESUMEN ................................................................ 312 BIBLIOGRAPIA ........................................................... 314 -ooooOOOOoooo— ADENDA Con posterioridad a la precentaciôn y lectura de esta tesis y al revi­ ser diverses de los taxones aqui tratados se han detectado los siguientes errores: - La especie determinada como Setia pulcherrima se trata en realidad de Setia beniamina (Monterrosato, I884)* - Los ejemplares considerados como correspondientes a las especies Acinopsis Buborênulata y Aoinopsis fischeri pertenecen en realidad a dos formas de una misma especie, todavia sin describir, muy prôxima a Acinopsis subcre- nulata.(segùn el Dr. J.J« van AARTSEN). - La especie considerada como Lemintina selecta es muy probable que se trate de Bivonia pteriae Parenzan, 1970. - La especie determinada como Melanella praecurta es en realidad Melanclla microstoma (Brusina, I864). - Los ejemplares considerados como pertenecientes a la especie Balcis devians corresponden (segîln comunicaciôn personal del Dr. A. WAREN) a dos especies* Balcis devians y otra todavia sin describir. GENERALIDADES 2 - I. INTRODUCCION En el presente trabajo no llova a cabo la invontigaciôn de un grupo concroto animal -los moluscos- en unas formaciones de gran importancia en el MedlterrA— neo! las biocenosis da fnnerdgamas marinas. Comprendo, pues, dos aspectos prin­ cipales; por un lado el estudio do Posidonia oceanioa, Cymodooea nodosa y Zos— tera noltii y las biocenosis que determinan y, por otro, la malacofauna vincula
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