Transcript Fall 2001 • Vol. 4, No. 2

MCBNewsletter for Members and Alumni of the Department of Molecular & Cell Biology at the University of California, Be r ke l e y

Catching the Wave: Berkeley Surfs Newsletter Ahead in Structural Biology Changes its Name

A plan to propel UC Berkeley to the fore- cadre of structure mavens to Berkeley. Thanks to all of you who sent in your ideas in front of structural biology research is nearly Structural biology, with its emphasis on teas- response to the Newsletter Naming Contest complete. With the arrival this fall of John ing molecular mechanisms out of informa- announced in the last issue. We had a total of Kuriyan, known for his mechanistic studies tion about the shape and interaction of mole- 22 entries which ran the gamut from silly to of signal transduction and nucleic acid poly- cules, has always been near to Tjian’s heart. sophisticated, and after careful consideration, merization, and the arrival in Spring of He was convinced that Berkeley could we are pleased to announce that the MCB , whose work has changed become a molecular structure powerhouse. “I Department newsletter is now officially called the way we think about RNA, MCB will felt that Berkeley really needed a strong pres- the MCB Transcript. have assembled one of the most remarkable ence in structural biology.We were a world- collections of structural biochemists any- wide leader in the physical sciences and The Winner — Ron Swanson was the first of where in the world. chemistry, so not to have a strong structural two entrants to suggest “the Transcript,” and so The plan can be traced back about ten biology program just seemed a waste of he gets the grand prize of a free year’s subscrip- years, says Robert Tjian, the Biochemistry resources,” he says. tion to the science news weekly New Scientist. and Molecular Biology professor who has Ron got his Ph.D. in Alex Glazer’s lab in 1991 been instrumental in recruiting the current and is now Director of Molecular Biology at continued on page 2 . .. Syrrx, a drug discovery company in San Diego.

The Runners-up — Mike Kouri, an MCB major at American River College in Sacramento who hopes to transfer to Berkeley in the spring, gets one of the two runner-up prizes for sug- gesting “The Berkeley Sequencer.” Arian Schulze, who got his bachelor’s degree in anthropology at Berkeley in 2000, gets the oth- er for proposing “The Cellular Digest.” Mike will get a department T-shirt (produced each year by the undergraduate club mcbUSA. See p. 6 for more on undergraduate clubs), and Arian opted for a department mug.

Laurie Issel-Tarver also gets honorable mention (and a T-shirt) for being the second entrant to suggest “The Transcript.” Laurie was a graduate student in the Rine lab and received her Ph.D. in Genetics in 1996. She is now a curator at the Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) at A Structure for Structure: Architect’s model of the Stanley Hall replacement building, Stanford and an adjunct faculty member in the the future home of structural biology at Berkeley. Biology Dept at Ohlone College in Fremont. ...Continued from page 1 associate professor in 1992 to study the struc- Besides the people, there are other factors ture of the protein assemblies that funnel cel- making Berkeley a top structural biology des- Of course, the university already had lular signals to the transcriptional machinery. tination. One is the Advanced Light Source at Chemistry professor Sung-Hou Kim, who Later came Tracy Handel and Susan Marqusee, LBNL (see cover story in the Spring 2000 was using the classic structural biologist’s tool, leaders in the study of protein folding. “They issue). The ALS uses synchrotron radiation X-ray crystallography, to work out the struc- built the core,” says Botchan. “They showed from accelerated electrons to generate power- tures of several interesting macromolecules the more traditional biochemists how much ful X-ray beams. It is one of only a handful of including the cancer protein Ras. David could be done with a structural approach.” such facilities in the world and is essential to Wemmer, also in Chemistry, was developing From there the department continued to state-of-the-art X-ray crystallographic work. nuclear magnetic resonance as a structural attract top people. James Berger, a 1997 hire, While crystallographers at many universities tool. And MCB’s own Robert Glaeser was specialized in the structural dynamics of tran- have to travel great distances to find an pioneering important structural methods like scription, how helicases and polymerases X-ray source, here they take a 3-minute drive electron crystallography. unwind DNA and make RNA. Carlos up the hill. But Tjian and BMB professor Michael Bustamante added microscopy to the depart- Another draw is the Stanley Hall replace- Botchan had a larger vision, so in the early ment’s repertoire of structural biology tools ment building which will grace the top of 1990s they began to recruit top-flight struc- with his studies of protein-nucleic acid com- campus in about five years. Eventually it will tural biologists to MCB. The first was Tom plexes by scanning force microscopy and single house 40 labs from many departments, but Alber, who joined the department as an molecule fluorescence microscopy. He has also among its main focuses will be structural developed methods of manipulating single biology, computational biology and imaging. molecules with optical tweezers, and was Adding to the collaborative atmosphere, the named this year by Time magazine as one of design will allow researchers from different the country’s best 18 scientists. disciplines to share common space and com- Eva Nogales, already a bright star when mon equipment, including 13 state-of-the-art she joined the department in 1998, has con- nuclear magnetic resonance imaging tinued to pioneer methods of electron machines. Construction is scheduled to begin microscopy to study molecular structure. With in 2003. electron microscopy, biologists can examine Through all of this, the face of structural much larger protein complexes than they can biology itself is changing. It used to be that by X-ray diffraction. researchers would study whatever molecule So by the turn of the millennium, they could coax into forming a crystal. Now, Berkeley had one of the stronger structural with effecient recombinant over-production biology programs in the world. But the most systems, most proteins can be crystallized and recent appointments have catapulted the uni- the structure can be solved in a matter of versity to the top of the heap. weeks. Furthermore, microscopic techniques Jennifer Doudna, known for having over- now provide an entry point for the study of come numerous technical challenges in order much larger complexes of proteins and to crystal RNA, will join MCB in January, nucleic acids, and NMR allows them to be 2002. Doudna was a real coup, says Tjian. She studied in solution. was already a full professor at Yale, and was These days, a structural biologist can busily cracking the study of RNA enzymes, or choose any problem and plunge directly into ribozymes, wide open. Yet she had completed the question of how a molecular machine her Ph.D. only 10 years before. “She was the works. It becomes good old biochemistry, says ideal new hire,” Tjian says, “young but estab- Botchan, getting “down and dirty” with mech- MCB at Berkeley is published twice a year by the lished in a new area.” anism. Structural biology is the wave of the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at Jamie Cate (profiled in the Spring 2001 future, and Berkeley is riding the crest. the University of California, Berkeley. issue), who joined the department in July, had also made a name for himself despite still D E S I G N E R : Betsy Joyce being in the early stages of his career. While a E D I TO R : Jonathan Knight postdoc in Harry Noller’s lab at UC Santa MCB Newsletter Cruz in 1999, he generated the most detailed University of California at Berkeley X-ray structures of the ribosome to date. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology But perhaps John Kuriyan (profiled this 597 Life Sciences Additon #3200 issue) was the icing on the cake. With his Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 reputation for remarkable successes in tackling all manner of tricky molecular structures, [email protected] Kuriyan was one of the dream candidates Tjian and Botchan had hoped to recruit. Send changes of address to: Alumni Records As it turns out, there was no need to recruit 2440 Bancroft Way Kuriyan. He just happened to be looking at University of California Berkeley at the same time Berkeley was eyeing Berkeley, CA 94720-4200 him. “John came out of the blue,” says Botchan. “He decided he wanted to be at a Or e-mail [email protected] major university where chemistry and biology were cross fertilizing.” Berkeley was the Current and past issues of the newsletter are logical choice. available on the MCB web site X-ray Target: a Kuriyan lab crystal of the (http://mcb.berkeley.edu/news/). SH2 domain from V-Src. 2 N E WFAC U LTY

John Kuriyan David Bilder

According to Robert Tjian (BMB), “the — growth, death or differentiation — If you consider the dazzling variety of liv- modern crystallographer is really a biologist depends on extracellular messages being ing things on earth, and then realize that who uses a physical technique to answer relayed to the nucleus where changes in most organisms contain within them an biological questions.” If that is true, John the levels of gene activity take place. equally staggering array of cell types, you Kuriyan fits the bill. He is widely renowned Typically, a series of proteins relay the sig- might get a sense of the challenge facing as a crystallographer extraordinaire who, in nal to one another, in bucket brigade fash- David Bilder. He has set out to under- his 14 years at in ion, from the cell surface to the transcrip- stand the signals and pathways that deter- New York, has tackled fundamental biologi- tional machinery. The Kuriyan lab is con- mine the shape and structure of a cell. cal questions with resounding success. In centrating on signal cascades that use To make it more manageable, Bilder November, he joined MCB as Chancellor’s phosphorylation as a molecular switch. is addressing the question with a single Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Among the proteins they study are tyro- type of cell from a well studied organism, Biology with a joint appointment in sine kinases such as the products of the Src the fruit fly. Epithelial cells make up the Chemistry. and Abl oncogenes, the kinase domain of surface layers of an animal, principally Kuriyan has taken a very close look at the receptors for transforming growth fac- the skin and gut lining. They fit together some of the macromolecules that have tor b (TGFb) and the Son of Sevenless snugly like bricks or paving stones to intrigued molecular biologists for decades. protein that activates Ras. form highly regular sheets. Bilder has Broadly speaking, these fall into two cate- In one Abl project, for example, the taken advantage of this regular pattern gories — DNA replication and signal trans- lab is looking at co-crystals of an abnormal to screen for mutations in genes that duction. form of Abl implicated in chronic myel- disrupt it. One of the remarkable properties of ogenous leukemia with a small molecule The most important gene to come DNA polymerases is their ability to travel inhibitor of the kinase activity made by out of this screen is scribble (scrib), along the substrate, a DNA strand, for thou- Novartis. The structures reveal why the mutants of which cause the embryonic sands of nucleotides without falling off. To inhibitor is able to bind to Abl but does epidermis, normally a single layer of get a handle on the structural basis of this not bind to other related kinases. columnar cells, to grow in heaps and lose processivity, Kuriyan’s group, in collabora- Kuriyan is bringing 16 students and their regular shape. That makes scriba tion with Michael O'Donnell at Rockefeller, postdocs with him from Rockefeller, as foot in the door to the pathways that crystallized the ring-shaped clamp that well as his family and two dogs. He says control cell shape and growth behavior. holds E. colipolymerase to the DNA togeth- Berkeley will open new doors for his The protein product of scribacts at er with a subunit of the protein complex research because of its strength in a num- cell junctions to regulate apico-basal that loads the clamp. They found that the ber of related areas, particularly chemistry. polarity. Bilder has also identified two clamp loader opens the ring so it can slip By contrast, research at Rockefeller con- proteins that interact with Scrib, around the DNA strand. Currently, centrates on biology. Kuriyan says he is Kuriyan’s group is analyzing a 2.7 Angstrom looking forward to teaching undergraduate crystal structure of an intact five-protein courses, which he hasn’t had the opportu- continued on page 4 . .. clamp loader assembly. nity to do since he was a graduate student Nearly every change a cell undergoes at MIT.

3 New DNA Analysis Center Open for Business ...Continued from page 3

Discs-large and Lethal giant larvae, whose The DNA Sequencing Core, which has array technology for monitoring gene expres- names suggest the overgrown phenotypes served MCB and other labs since 1993, sion and reading genotypes. Staff were they cause when mutated. All three turn has new equipment, additional staff, and trained and the system up and running by out to be essential in most of the polarized a new name. Now Berkeley scientists and mid September. cell types of the fly, including neurons. affiliated labs can get all of their sequenc- To keep it all running smoothly, Joel Other proteins are known to counter the ing, genotyping, and microarray work Credle was hired to help direct the facility in effects of Scrib, suggesting that polarity in done under one roof at the DNA Analysis May. He joins longtime sequencing manager a cell is controlled by a network of factors Core. Millicent Yee and a staff of three to serve the acting in concert. The facility, located in 79 Haas core’s customers at four UC campuses — One of the main projects in Bilder’s Pavilion beneath the gymnasium, Berkeley, San Francisco, Davis, and Santa lab is to elucidate the details of this net- acquired two new Applied Biosystems Cruz — as well as a handful of industry work, who the players are and how they Prism 3100 capillary sequencers in May. groups including the Molecular Sciences interact. Another is to study the roles of These state-of-the-art machines make Institute in downtown Berkeley and Onyx Scrib in neural development. Scrib is sequencing at the center cheaper, faster Pharmaceuticals in Richmond. Before com- involved in the asymmetrical division of and better. Each can handle about 200 ing to Berkeley, Credle was an Associate neuroblasts as well as in the establishment samples a day, four times as many as the Scientist at Eastern Virginia Medical School of synapses. Vertebrate homologs of Scrib, two older 377 slab gel sequencers. And in Norfolk. Lgl and Dgl are found at contact points the reads are longer and more accurate on Credle is putting the finishing touches between cells, suggesting a conserved average. All this for less: the core lowered on a new interactive web site that describes role for the proteins in organizing cell its rates at the end of September from all the center’s services, equipment and prices. junctions. $19 to $15 per sample. Users will be able to schedule sample runs, Bilder also plans to investigate In August, the DNA Analysis Core get real-time microarray data analysis help, whether mammalian homologs of scrib installed the Affymetrix GeneChip system and download sample results as they become play a role in cancer. Such a role seems for reading and analysis of Affymetrix available in the data base. The site, located at plausible, since the scribgene functions as microchips, a widely used oligonucleotide www.berkeley.mcb/barker/dna-analysis, will a tumor suppressor in flies — in its be operational by the end of the Fall semester. absence the epithelial cells grow without bound like the cells of a tumor. Bilder joins the department as an Assistant Professor of Cell & Developmental Biology. He comes to Berkeley from Harvard where he was a postdoc with Norbert Perrimon for four years. He did his graduate work at Stanford. He says he hopes to build a small lab of four to six grad students and post docs over the next year or two. Students rotating in his lab might get involved in a screen to identify more mutants involved in cell polarity. Other projects involve detailed characterization of scriband cloning of a handful of new mutants that have already come out of the screen. Bilder is also an avid runner. He ran the Big Sur Marathon at the end of gradu- ate school and participated in two Boston marathons while back east. He says he’s looking forward to exploring the trails in the Berkeley hills.

Hi-tech Analysis: DNAAnalysis Center director Joel Credle monitors one of two new capillary sequencers. 4 FAC U LTY N E WS

Donation Website Makes its Debut

▲ James Allison (Immunology) was honored ▲ Jack Kirsch (Chemistry and BMB) Have you always wanted to give to in August with the international Centeon received an honorary doctorate from Uppsala Cal, but wished you could earmark Award for Innovative Breakthroughs in University in May 01. your dollars for a specific program or Immunology. activity? Now you can, right on the Internet. The new e-Giving website, (BMB) received the Abbot-ASM givetocal.berkeley.edu, allows anyone Lifetime Achievement Award from the in the world with a web browser to American Society for Microbiology. The prize make gifts to more than 100 units and — a silver medal and $20,000 — was conferred nearly 300 funds on campus. These at the society’s general meeting in Orlando, range from the AIDS Memorial Fund Florida, in May. Ames was also named the first to the Young Musicians Program, as recipient of the $50,000 Linus Pauling Institute well as any individual department, Prize for Health Research for his seminal work such as Molecular and Cell Biology. linking protein and DNA damage by reactive The website arose from a collabo- oxygen species to aging and age-related diseases. ration between University Relations ▲ Terry Machen (Cell and Developmental and Information Systems & Bruce and Giovanna Ferro-Luzzi Ames Biology) received a Miller Research Technology. It’s unique among univer- (BMB Emerita) donated $2 million from their Professorship for Fall semester 2002 from the sity internet donation options. While foundation for the seismic retrofit of Barker Adolph C and Mary Sprague Miller Institute most institutional websites emphasize Hall. for Basic Research in Science. campus-wide donations or annual funds, e-Giving at Berkeley focuses on Michael Botchan (BMB and Genetics & Mu-ming Poo (Neurobiology) shared the specific program funds. Many depart- Development) and Michael Marletta 2001 Ameritec Prize for Paralysis Research ments selected their own top funding priorities for inclusion in the site. (Chemistry and BMB) were both elected with Marie T. Filbin of the City University of So far the site has been a huge fellows of the American Association for the New York for their work on signaling path- success. A bare-bones version debuted Advancement of Science. ways in axon guidance. The $40,000 prize was conferred at the Neurotrauma in May 2000 and brought in more than $125,000 by January 2001. That Michael Chamberlin (BMB Emeritus) was Symposium in San Diego on November 10, was with virtually no promotion. Now named the winner of the Sigma Xi Monie A. and was sponsored by the charitable non- the site is fully functional, complete Ferst Award for 2001 after a group of former profit Ameritec Foundation. with profiles of Cal students. Donors graduate students nominated him. The award is can review descriptions of the fund given to “a nationally prominent scientist who Jeremy Thorner (BMB and CDB) was options available and then use a secure has made notable contributions to the motiva- appointed a member of the Committee on online form, which encrypts confiden- tion and encouragement of research through Awards of the American Academy of tial data, to make their gifts. As word education, inspiring his or her research col- Microbiology, the honorary academy of the spreads, e-Giving is expected to make leagues to significant scientific achievements.” American Society for Microbiology, for a three-year term. He was also re-appointed donating easier for everyone. Why not give it a try? Jennifer A. Doudna (BMB, beginning Spring one of three associate editors of Annual 2002) received the Eli Lilly Award in Biological Reviews of Biochemistry until 2006. Thorner Chemistry, which recognizes outstanding young is also on the editorial board for the (under 38) biochemists who demonstrate “Molecule Pages” of the Alliance for Cellular unusual independence and originality. The Signaling (www.cellularsignaling.org). award was presented at the August Am e r i c a n Chemical Society meeting in Chicago.

5 J O I N T H E C L U B

“Sometimes I feel like just a number.” Then there is advising night, at which It’s a common complaint at large univer- the audience gets to ask anything they sities. For all the advantages of an under- want of a panel of MCB juniors and graduate science education at Berkeley — seniors. The idea is to give new students a hearing lectures by famous scientists, chance to find out how to survive in MCB, being surrounded by cutting edge says MCBcDNA president Amy Tang. research, getting a chance to work in And at the faculty/student reception, 20 or world class laboratories — undergradu- 25 faculty members give short presenta- ates at institutions as big as Cal have to tions on their labs and mingle with stu- be proactive in making sure they don’t get dents over refreshments. lost in the crowd. The programs of mcbUSA fall into One of the main functions of the four categories: outreach, mentoring, two MCB undergraduate clubs, mcbUSA liaisons, and the twice-monthly and MCBcDNA, is to help undergradu- faculty/student luncheons. Outreach gives ates with an interest in MCB find them- undergrads a chance to tutor local high selves and connect with the department. school students interested in science. This “Berkeley has 30,000 students, so it’s easy semester, the students were from to feel like a number,” says Thanh Arrowsmith Academy, a local preparatory Nguyen, president of mcbUSA and a school. On Shadow Day in early sophomore MCB major. “We want to get November, about 30 local high schools, as them more involved, have them feel like well as home-schooled students, came to a person.” campus to follow volunteers through a typ- The MCB Undergraduate Student ical day at Cal. Two Presidents: Amy Tang of MCBcDNA and Association (mcbUSA) formed about a The mentoring program links stu- Thanh Nguyen of mcbUSA. decade ago, but was inhabited mainly by dents with upper division advisors, and the students on Plan I — MCB majors with liaison program, the newest of the four, a concentration in immunology, bio- attempts to get representatives from local chemistry or genetics. Plan II students biotech companies to come talk and advise (cell and developmental biology and neu- students interested in the industry. And Honors Criteria roscience) founded their own club, last but not least, the faculty/student MCBcDNA, a few years later. More lunches are very popular and fill up almost recently, the clubs gave up their Plan as soon as the announcement goes out, Changed I/Plan II affiliations and now distinguish Thanh says. themselves by the kinds of activities they The activities of both clubs are open sponsor. to all students. Undergraduates who want The GPA requirement for MCB Generally, MCBcDNA sponsors to help shape the clubs and organize activi- one-time events, while mcbUSA develops ties can join the executive committee of H196 Honors has been changed semester- or year-long programs. Each either club. Interest has been so high in semester, for example, MCBcDNA hosts recent years that MCBcDNA now requires retroactively from 3.500 to 3.50 the ever-popular MCAT night at which an application and an interview for com- instructors from two of the local test- mittee membership; mcbUSA is still open (meaning 3.495 would now qualify). prep schools (Princeton Review and to all comers. Kaplan) give talks on how to apply to For more information on the clubs If you believe that you would have medical school, covering everything from and their activities, see: http://mcb.berke- taking the test to getting letters of recom- ley.edu/groups/mcbcdna and qualified for MCB Honors under the mendation. At the end of the evening, http://mcb.berkeley.edu/groups/mcbusa the hosts raffle off a free MCAT prep new minimum, please contact the course at one or more of the participating schools. Undergraduate Affairs Office at

(510) 643-8895.

6 ALUMNI NEWS

If you like reading about what your class- says he intends to move to the pharma- York Hospital earlier this year after her mates are up to, why not take a minute to ceutical industry this fall to direct cardio- internship in Internal Medicine at Yale in send in your own MCB class note. It’s quick vascular clinical trials. E-mail: rakhit@car- New Haven Hospital. She got her M.D. at and easy. Just use the form below or answer dio.tch.harvard.edu. George Washington University School of the survey online at mcb.berkeley.edu/ Medicine in 1997. alumni/survey.html. You can also send ■ W. Daniel Fang (BA 1992) is a fellow in e-mail to [email protected]. Please note: Interventional Radiology at University of ■ Melvin D. Vu (BA 1997) is currently a address changes should be sent to Pennsylvania. He graduated from medical 3rd year student working toward his [email protected]. school at Baylor College of Medicine in Doctor of Pharmacy degree at the 1996 and finished his residency in diag- University of Southern California. He also ■ Amit Rakhit (BA 1991) is on staff in nostic radiology at Baylor in 2001. E- works as an SAT teacher at a private pediatric cardiology at The Children's mail: [email protected]. school. [email protected] Hospital, Boston, and an Instructor in Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School ■ Vanila Mathur (BA 1992) has just started ■ Tiffany L. Choi (BA 2000) is a second where he just completed a 3-year Pediatric as a Pain Management Fellow at The New year pharmacy student at the University Cardiology fellowship. He graduated from York Hospital - Cornell Medical Center, of Southern California. This summer she medical school at Tufts University in 1995 the Sloan-Kettering Memorial Cancer began an internship at Kaiser Permanente and then did a pediatrics residency at New Center, and the Hospital for Special that will continue while she studies England Medical Center in Boston. He Surgery in New York City. She completed at USC. a residency in Anesthesiology at The New

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7 2000-2001 Master’s and PhD Graduates

Fall 2000 ■ Dana Lau (Flannery) Growth ■ Timothy Sullivan (Allison) ■ Julie Hollien (Marqusee) Factor Rescue of Photoreceptor Characterizing the Function of Comparisons of the ■ Alexander Abbas (Linn) I. Cloning Degeneration in Animal Models of CTLA-4 in vitro and in vivo. Thermodynamics and Folding of and Characterization of Human Retinitis Pigmentosa. ■ Dawn Tanamachi (Raulet) The Thermophilic and Mesophilic DNA Polymerase Theta II. Protein ■ Peter Lauer (Portnoy) Systematic Ly49 Family of Natural Killer Cell Ribonucleases H: Implications for Interactions of Human Damaged Mutational Analysis of the Receptors: Genetics Factors the Temperature Adaptation of DNA Binding Protein. Charged Amino Acids in the Determining Allelic and Proteins. ■ J. Michael Andresen (Moore) Amino Terminal Domain of the Variegated Gene Expression. ■ Victor Holmes (Cozzarelli) Development and Characterization Listeria monocytogenes ActA ■ Minnie Wu (Machen) Using Biochemical and Structural Studies of an in vitro Assay Reconstituting Protein. Avidin-chimera Proteins to Study of Recombination and Production of Immature Secretory ■ Robert Maeda (Anderson) Organelle pH Regulation and Chromosome Condensation Granules from the Golgi of the Investigation into the Roles of Protein Retention in the Secretory Proteins. Neuroendocrine AtT20 Cell Line. Easter and Snake in Patterning the Pathway of Mammalian Cells. ■ James Holton (Alber) Elves: ■ Erin Cram (Firestone) Regultion of Dorsal-Ventral Axis of the Early Accelerating Crystallography. Cell Cycle in Mammalian Tumor Drosophila Embryo. Spring 2001 ■ Per Malkus (Schekman) Protein Cells. ■ Sarah McWhirter (Alber) Sorting in the Endoplamic ■ Gabriela Cretu (Rubin) Crystallographic Analysis of ■ Kimberly Bland (Goodman) Reticulum (ER): ER-resident Computational and Functional Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor- Characterization of the Midline Accessory Proteins and Postive Analysis of Noncoding DNA from Associated Factor 2 (TRAF2). Axon Guidance Cue Slit and its Sorting Signals Required for Human Chromosome 5q31. ■ Casey Owens (Handel) Master’s Interaction with Robo Receptors Transport of Secretory Proteins. ■ Scott Crowder (Alber) Structural by exam. in Drosophila melanogaster. ■ Miro Pastrnak (Schultz) Methods Studies of RNA Recognition by the ■ Michelle Pflumm (Botchan) The ■ Peter Carlton (Cande) The for Expansion of the Genetic Splicing Reglator Sex-lethal. Role of the Drosophila Origin Organization and Pairing of Code. ■ Scott Dawson (Taylor) Recognition Complex in DNA Chromosomes in Meiosis. ■ Julie Simpson (Goodman) Evolutionary Implications of Replication and Mitosis. ■ R. Andrea (Lina) De Young Analysis of the Role of the Uncultivated Eucarya and Archaea ■ Gordon (Teg) Pipes (Goodman) (Winoto) Identifying the Role of Roundabout Receptors in Axon in Anoxic Environments. A Molecular Genetic Analysis of the Transcription Factor Nur77 in Guidance in the Embryonic ■ Jennifer Doyle (Goodman) Motoneuron Axon Guidance in Thymic Development. Central Nervous System of Master’s by exam. Drosophila melanogaster. ■ Jessica Dines (Cline) New Aspects Drosophila melanogaster. ■ Eric Goedken (Marqusee) Divalent ■ Deirdre Reardon (Alber) Master’s of Functional Complexity for the ■ Justin Skoble (Portnoy) Metal Binding in the Function and by exam. Master Regulator of Drosphila Mechanism of Actin Nucleation by Folding of Ribonuclease H. ■ Siobhan Roche (Rio) Regulation melanogaster Sex Determination: the Listeria monacytogenes ActA ■ Ellen Graves (Bergeman) (Miles) of P-Element Transposition in Analysis of Structures, Expression Protein. Bioinformatics Tools for Data Drosophilia melanogaster. Patterns and Activities of SEX- ■ Patricia Valdez (Robey) Signaling Colleciton and Knowledge ■ Mark Shulewitz (Thorner) Septin LETHAL Protein Isoforms. Downstream of Notch in T cell Discovery in Gene Expression Assembly Regulates Cell Cycle ■ Mara Duncan (Drubin) Development. Studies. Progression Through Activation of Characterization of Two Activators ■ Nisha Kabra (Winoto) Study of a Protein Kinase Signalling of the Arp2/3 Complex Involved FADD: The Role of FADD in T Pathway. in Endocytosis in the Yeast cell Activation and Apoptosis. Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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