Graphic Design by The Communications Team, Pendle Borough Council, re print iJb2691 03/09. iJb2691 print re Council, Borough Pendle Team, Communications The by Design Graphic
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interviews and video downloads here. downloads video and interviews
To download the audios, visit: visit: audios, the download To . You’ll also find extra extra find also You’ll . www.pendle.gov.uk/streamandsteam
the past. Listen out as the mischievous Ossy gets into a few scrapes during his investigations! his during scrapes few a into gets Ossy mischievous the as out Listen past. the
Ossy the Owl around Barnoldswick. Barlick uses his magical powers to conjure up the sounds of of sounds the up conjure to powers magical his uses Barlick Barnoldswick. around Owl the Ossy
There’s also a children’s audio trail which follows the adventures of Barlick the Wizard and and Wizard the Barlick of adventures the follows which trail audio children’s a also There’s
the Corn Mill, the story of the Baptists in Barnoldswick and many more interesting anecdotes. anecdotes. interesting more many and Barnoldswick in Baptists the of story the Mill, Corn the
Hear interviews with a weaver who worked in Bancroft Shed, the fascinating background of of background fascinating the Shed, Bancroft in worked who weaver a with interviews Hear
and special sound effects to build a picture of what life was like in Barnoldswick. Barnoldswick. in like was life what of picture a build to effects sound special and
The Stream & Steam Audio Trail brings the walk to life, using interviews with local people people local with interviews using life, to walk the brings Trail Audio Steam & Stream The
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commentary at the same time. time. same the at commentary
ow you can walk the Stream and Steam Heritage Trail and listen to a very special special very a to listen and Trail Heritage Steam and Stream the walk can you ow
learn more! learn
So follow the Stream & Steam signposts and read the information boards to to boards information the read and signposts Steam & Stream the follow So
social changes. This leaflet gives a brief insight into what can be seen. seen. be can what into insight brief a gives leaflet This changes. social
the growth in industry was encouraged by transport improvements which together prompted many many prompted together which improvements transport by encouraged was industry in growth the
The Stream & Steam Heritage Trail focuses mainly on the industrial heritage of the town, but but town, the of heritage industrial the on mainly focuses Trail Heritage Steam & Stream The
Areas, whilst also providing a pleasant and informative walk through the town. the through walk informative and pleasant a providing also whilst Areas,
The scheme has benefited Barnoldswick by enhancing the character of the Conservation Conservation the of character the enhancing by Barnoldswick benefited has scheme The
the route. the
of life. It has also enabled environmental work such as tree planting and footpath improvement along along improvement footpath and planting tree as such work environmental enabled also has It life. of
The scheme has seen significant repairs to many historic buildings and given them a new lease lease new a them given and buildings historic many to repairs significant seen has scheme The
of Barnoldswick of of Barnoldswick of
English Heritage and Lancashire Economic Partnership. Economic Lancashire and Heritage English
Scheme carried out in the town’s Conservation Areas, jointly funded by Pendle Borough Council, Council, Borough Pendle by funded jointly Areas, Conservation town’s the in out carried Scheme
The Stream & Steam Heritage Trail was created as part of a Heritage Economic Regeneration Regeneration Economic Heritage a of part as created was Trail Heritage Steam & Stream The
A walk exploring the industrial heritage heritage industrial the exploring walk A A walk exploring the industrial heritage heritage industrial the exploring walk A O PR GARAMOND ADOBE
& & Steam processes. engineering
Steam modern to then and power, steam to on mills, powered water earliest the from past,
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and Steam Heritage Trail. The Trail charts the changes in Barnoldswick’s industrial industrial Barnoldswick’s in changes the charts Trail The Trail. Heritage Steam and
L I A R T E G A T I R E H L I A R T E G A T I R E H L I A R T E G A T I R E H ake a stroll through Barnoldswick and learn about its heritage on the Stream Stream the on heritage its about learn and Barnoldswick through stroll a ake
Stream Stream
Three of the main ones are: the changes in technology fi nished goods out of the area associated with them. These to sell. However as transport Gillians – an example of changes in industry had a technology improved, greater an early water powered massive impact on the growth opportunities existed for mill. Originally a group of of the town. Barnoldswick to make use of Stream handloom weavers’ cottages, its location and resources. it was converted in the late Social changes The two modes of 18th century when new The census shows that the transport that are most linked technology was available that population in Barnoldswick to Barnoldswick’s industrial Calf Hall could harness the power of rose from 2,828 in 1851 to growth are the canal and the Steam water. Machines such as the 6,381 in 1901. This growth railway. & Spinning Jenny used water was caused predominantly by The Leeds and Liverpool A chance to explore Barnoldswick’s past... ndustry has played an important part in Barnoldswick’s past. Along the Trail power to spin the thread. the infl ux of workers for the Canal was constructed textile industry. between 1770 and 1816 at a clues to the industrial past of Barnoldswick are explained, from the earliest Bancroft Mill – houses a steam This meant that new cost of over £1million. For I water powered mills to our modern aeronautical industry. This leaflet explains powered engine, dating from facilities were needed in order the fi rst time Barnoldswick the link between industry and subsequent changes in Barnoldswick’s social and 1920. Steam power was more to serve the new population. was linked to big cities and transportation history as a result. effi cient and predictable than Religion played a large towns. Raw material and coal water power and therefore part in society and peoples’ to feed steam engines could replaced it. Steam was lives. New churches and be brought to the area and converted to power, chapels were built to provide fi nished goods sent to the and by this time drove places of worship for the new larger towns and cities. much more effi cient community. New families The railway connection machinery than the moving to the area also meant to Barnoldswick from early looms and that schools were needed for Earby was opened on 13th spinning machines. the children. February 1870 by Midland Bankfield Shed Butts Mill Calf Hall Steam power was Services such as shops and Railway but fi nanced by evident in the area much public houses were opened. local businessmen. Trains Industry The nature of the landscape in earlier than this though, Along the Trail, different were quicker than the canal Towards the end of the Barnoldswick, with many fast arriving around 1820. aspects of Barnoldswick’s barges and could carry eighteenth century, handloom fl owing streams, meant that it social history can be seen with more materials over a wider weaving was the main industry was well suited to power such Bankfi eld Shed buildings including chapels, a network, allowing industry in in Barnoldswick. At this time machines. (Rolls Royce) – This brings sunday school, public houses the town to expand further. there were very few mills and The mid to late nineteenth the story right up to date. and even an old mortuary! work was carried out mostly by century saw the use of steam High tech aeronautical This leafl et outlines what individuals in their homes. power to run the machines. This machinery is located in this Transport can be explored on the trail. This situation began to was more reliable than water former weaving shed and at a Barnoldswick has always been Many more buildings and change in the early nineteenth power. Purpose built steam new £7 million facility nearby. off the beaten track compared features associated with century. The fi rst mills powered mills were now able to Manufacturing is carried out to many other mill towns. industry and the expansion of came into existence when run more machines, and so the by modern computerised Until the nineteenth century Barnoldswick are marked by technological advances allowed size of the buildings refl ected precision technology with the full potential of the area information boards packed water powered machines to this. highly trained engineers. for the textile industry was not with facts. So follow the carry out the spinning, which Throughout the Trail you These developments being exploited. Raw materials Stream & Steam signposts and meant work was not necessarily will fi nd examples from each show the shift in industrial could not reach the area easily take a fascinating journey! Calf Hall Chimney carried out at home any longer. phase of industrial development, processes in Barnoldswick and and it was hard to export 4HREE OF THE MAIN ONES ARE THE CHANGES IN TECHNOLOGY l NISHED GOODS OUT OF THE AREA ASSOCIATED WITH THEM 4HESE TO SELL (OWEVER AS TRANSPORT (JMMJBOT n AN EXAMPLE OF CHANGES IN INDUSTRY HAD A TECHNOLOGY IMPROVED GREATER AN EARLY WATER POWERED MASSIVE IMPACT ON THE GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES EXISTED FOR MILL /RIGINALLY A GROUP OF OF THE TOWN "ARNOLDSWICK TO MAKE USE OF 4USFBN HANDLOOM WEAVERS COTTAGES ITS LOCATION AND RESOURCES IT WAS CONVERTED IN THE LATE 4PDJBMDIBOHFT 4HE TWO MODES OF TH CENTURY WHEN NEW 4HE CENSUS SHOWS THAT THE TRANSPORT THAT ARE MOST LINKED TECHNOLOGY WAS AVAILABLE THAT POPULATION IN "ARNOLDSWICK TO "ARNOLDSWICKS INDUSTRIAL &DOI+DOO COULD HARNESS THE POWER OF ROSE FROM IN TO GROWTH ARE THE CANAL AND THE 4UFBN WATER -ACHINES SUCH AS THE IN 4HIS GROWTH RAILWAY ! CHANCE TO EXPLORE "ARNOLDSWICKS PAST 3PINNING *ENNY USED WATER WAS CAUSED PREDOMINANTLY BY 4HE ,EEDS AND ,IVERPOOL POWER TO SPIN THE THREAD THE INm UX OF WORKERS FOR THE #ANAL WAS CONSTRUCTED QGXVWU\KDVSOD\HGDQLPSRUWDQWSDUWLQ%DUQROGVZLFN·VSDVW$ORQJWKH7UDLO TEXTILE INDUSTRY BETWEEN AND AT A FOXHVWRWKHLQGXVWULDOSDVWRI%DUQROGVZLFNDUHH[SODLQHGIURPWKHHDUOLHVW #BODSPGU.JMMn HOUSES A STEAM 4HIS MEANT THAT NEW COST OF OVER aMILLION &OR * ZDWHUSRZHUHGPLOOVWRRXUPRGHUQDHURQDXWLFDOLQGXVWU\7KLVOHDIOHWH[SODLQV POWERED ENGINE DATING FROM FACILITIES WERE NEEDED IN ORDER THE l RST TIME "ARNOLDSWICK WKHOLQNEHWZHHQLQGXVWU\DQGVXEVHTXHQWFKDQJHVLQ%DUQROGVZLFN·VVRFLDODQG 3TEAM POWER WAS MORE TO SERVE THE NEW POPULATION WAS LINKED TO BIG CITIES AND WUDQVSRUWDWLRQKLVWRU\DVDUHVXOW EFl CIENT AND PREDICTABLE THAN 2ELIGION PLAYED A LARGE TOWNS 2AW MATERIAL AND COAL WATER POWER AND THEREFORE PART IN SOCIETY AND PEOPLES TO FEED STEAM ENGINES COULD REPLACED IT 3TEAM WAS LIVES .EW CHURCHES AND BE BROUGHT TO THE AREA AND CONVERTED TO POWER CHAPELS WERE BUILT TO PROVIDE l NISHED GOODS SENT TO THE AND BY THIS TIME DROVE PLACES OF WORSHIP FOR THE NEW LARGER TOWNS AND CITIES MUCH MORE EFl CIENT COMMUNITY .EW FAMILIES 4HE RAILWAY CONNECTION MACHINERY THAN THE MOVING TO THE AREA ALSO MEANT TO "ARNOLDSWICK FROM EARLY LOOMS AND THAT SCHOOLS WERE NEEDED FOR %ARBY WAS OPENED ON TH SPINNING MACHINES THE CHILDREN &EBRUARY BY -IDLAND %DQNILHOG6KHG %XWWV0LOO &DOI+DOO 3TEAM POWER WAS 3ERVICES SUCH AS SHOPS AND 2AILWAY BUT l NANCED BY EVIDENT IN THE AREA MUCH PUBLIC HOUSES WERE OPENED LOCAL BUSINESSMEN 4RAINS *OEVTUSZ 4HE NATURE OF THE LANDSCAPE IN EARLIER THAN THIS THOUGH !LONG THE 4RAIL DIFFERENT WERE QUICKER THAN THE CANAL 4OWARDS THE END OF THE "ARNOLDSWICK WITH MANY FAST ARRIVING AROUND ASPECTS OF "ARNOLDSWICKS BARGES AND COULD CARRY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY HANDLOOM m OWING STREAMS MEANT THAT IT SOCIAL HISTORY CAN BE SEEN WITH MORE MATERIALS OVER A WIDER WEAVING WAS THE MAIN INDUSTRY WAS WELL SUITED TO POWER SUCH #BOLmFME4IFE BUILDINGS INCLUDING CHAPELS A NETWORK ALLOWING INDUSTRY IN IN "ARNOLDSWICK !T THIS TIME MACHINES 2OLLS 2OYCE n 4HIS BRINGS SUNDAY SCHOOL PUBLIC HOUSES THE TOWN TO EXPAND FURTHER THERE WERE VERY FEW MILLS AND 4HE MID TO LATE NINETEENTH THE STORY RIGHT UP TO DATE AND EVEN AN OLD MORTUARY WORK WAS CARRIED OUT MOSTLY BY CENTURY SAW THE USE OF STEAM (IGH TECH AERONAUTICAL 4HIS LEAm ET OUTLINES WHAT INDIVIDUALS IN THEIR HOMES POWER TO RUN THE MACHINES 4HIS MACHINERY IS LOCATED IN THIS 5SBOTQPSU CAN BE EXPLORED ON THE TRAIL 4HIS SITUATION BEGAN TO WAS MORE RELIABLE THAN WATER FORMER WEAVING SHED AND AT A "ARNOLDSWICK HAS ALWAYS BEEN -ANY MORE BUILDINGS AND CHANGE IN THE EARLY NINETEENTH POWER 0URPOSE BUILT STEAM NEW a MILLION FACILITY NEARBY OFF THE BEATEN TRACK COMPARED FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH CENTURY 4HE l RST MILLS POWERED MILLS WERE NOW ABLE TO -ANUFACTURING IS CARRIED OUT TO MANY OTHER MILL TOWNS INDUSTRY AND THE EXPANSION OF CAME INTO EXISTENCE WHEN RUN MORE MACHINES AND SO THE BY MODERN COMPUTERISED 5NTIL THE NINETEENTH CENTURY "ARNOLDSWICK ARE MARKED BY TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES ALLOWED SIZE OF THE BUILDINGS REm ECTED PRECISION TECHNOLOGY WITH THE FULL POTENTIAL OF THE AREA INFORMATION BOARDS PACKED WATER POWERED MACHINES TO THIS HIGHLY TRAINED ENGINEERS FOR THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY WAS NOT WITH FACTS 3O FOLLOW THE CARRY OUT THE SPINNING WHICH 4HROUGHOUT THE 4RAIL YOU 4HESE DEVELOPMENTS BEING EXPLOITED 2AW MATERIALS 3TREAM 3TEAM SIGNPOSTS AND MEANT WORK WAS NOT NECESSARILY WILL l ND EXAMPLES FROM EACH SHOW THE SHIFT IN INDUSTRIAL COULD NOT REACH THE AREA EASILY TAKE A FASCINATING JOURNEY PHASE OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT &DOI+DOO&KLPQH\ CARRIED OUT AT HOME ANY LONGER PROCESSES IN "ARNOLDSWICK AND AND IT WAS HARD TO EXPORT Useful Terms Pendle has many other trails, attractions, accommodation and events. Spinning For further information on these please The process by which a mass of staple fibres is converted into a yarn or thread to meet contact the Tourism Team on (01282) 661981 required specifications of thickness, evenness, or email us at [email protected] twist and composition. Spinning can be done by hand, or mechanically. 11
10 Weaving The term weave is used normally to describe the structure of a woven fabric or the process of weaving which is usually carried out on a loom. Woven fabrics are constructed with two sets of interlacing Warp and Weft yarns. The Warp yarns, or ends, are usually wound 9 lengthwise on the loom, while the Weft yarns, or picks, interlace the Warp at right angles to produce the fabric.
Loom A mechanism on which to weave cloth. The 8 simplest loom is a wooden frame onto which warp yarns are stretched and fixed to two opposite sides. The Weft is then passed up
7 and over the warp threads by shuttle to make a fabric.
6 Water Power The energy produced by running or falling 5 water that is used for driving machinery. The energy in the water is harnessed by water wheels. A water wheel was mounted vertically onto a horizontal axis and belts were then
4 used to transfer the power to the machinery. There are two basic types of water wheel. 3 Undershot wheels are placed over fast flowing water and the power of the water on the paddles drags the wheel round. Overshot
2 1 wheels have the water channelled to pour over the top of the wheel and the weight of the water pushes it round.
Mill Race © Crown Copyright Reserved, Borough of Borough licence number 100019669. Reserved, Copyright Pendle, © Crown The channel of water that provides a flow of Stream & Steam Trail Return route through town Return route along the canal water to drive a water wheel.
Steam Power A trail of around 2 miles (Approx 1 hour – plus return time) (later named the Welland) and was delivered to power Where an engine is used in which the the Meteor in July 1944. This was the first RAF jet mechanical force of steam is made available as fighter and the only Allied jet to see operational service Start from the car park at Letcliffe Park (1). Follow the the footpath located opposite the New Ship Chapel a motive power for driving machinery. in World War 2. The site has now become a facility lane out of the Park and onto Manchester Road, (take midway down Walmsgate. Follow the footpath past the manufacturing key jet engine components and has care, busy road). Turn right and follow the road until Old Baptist Chapel until it reaches Butts. Room and Power produced such engines as the RB211. RB stands for you reach Gillians Lane. To the left of the road as you The system where a group of investors erected Rolls Barnoldswick. walk down is a complex of buildings known as Gillians The Old Mortuary (7) is located on Butts opposite the a mill, installed an engine and let space off to (2). Gillians shows some of the earliest evidence of end of the footpath. The mortuary was the location for Follow the path to the final board on the Stream & individual entrepreneurs who installed their the cotton industry in Barnoldswick. The mill and the post mortems to be carried out in the town, and was Steam trail. own looms and preparation machinery and surrounding buildings have stood since at least 1790, in use for this purpose until being bought by the town specialised in weaving cloth. and would have once included a water wheel that was council to use as a store and office. powered by nearby Moor Side Beck. Return Routes and other Trails The trail continues down Butts, past Briggs & In order to return to Letcliffe Park Car Park from the Jet engine finishing point of the Stream & Steam Trail the following Continue to follow the Lane until you arrive at Bancroft Duxbury’s premises, which was built as a lodging A very powerful engine. When fuel is burned routes are suggested which will take you either through Mill Engine House (3). The mill here was built much house for itinerant weavers, until reaching the bridged inside the engine, hot air and gases are the town centre (direct) or along the canal (scenic). later, in 1914, although it was not operational until entrance to Valley Gardens (8). Valley Gardens is the produced and then pushed out of the back 1920. The weaving shed was demolished in 1978, but location of the old mill race for the Corn Mill, which can of the engine at high speed which forces the Direct the engine house, boiler house and chimney survived still be seen stretching through the park. This carried the engine forward. Leave the park by the route you entered, turn left and are now the Bancroft Mill Museum. The engine’s water from the stream we have followed so far along the onto West Close Road. At the junction turn right onto high and low pressure cylinders are named ‘James’ trail. Skipton Road. Remain on Skipton Road through the and ‘Mary Jane’, after James Nutter, who owned the centre of town, past Holy Trinity Church where you mill, and his wife. The engine has been run in steam Cross the bridge and follow the path through the park to can walk through the grounds. At the Railway Hotel since 1982 to the present time. The museum is open its exit on Gisburn Road. Turn right and walk up to the continue straight on into Newtown. The main Town for viewing every Saturday, where you can get details of row of shops situated a few metres away at Ribblesdale Square is located off this road with many shops worth steaming days. Buildings. At this point cross the road and follow the track down the side of the nursery school. visiting. To continue back to Letcliffe Park, follow Newtown round onto King Street and then Jepp Hill. Next join the public footpath located diagonally opposite Jepp Hill joins Church Street and then Manchester the mill. Follow the path down the ‘Forty Steps’(4) count When the back road forks, take the left fork and follow Road (take care, busy road); follow Manchester them, there are 39! Stop when you reach the weir to the the cobbled path past Corn Mill House and Corn Mill Road till the footpath on the left which leads back up to Clough Mill Engine right. This footpath was the route used by the hand loom Cottage to the right and the side of the Corn Mill to the Letcliffe Park. weavers to collect raw materials from Gillians Mill, and left. At the bottom of the path the impressive frontage to then return to the mill with the woven cloth. The weir was the Corn Mill (9) can be seen. There has been a mill Scenic originally a mill dam which collected water to power the on the site since at least 1582. It was originally a water Continue to follow the stream out of Victory Park machinery at water powered mills further downstream. powered mill before later being converted to steam power. The corn mill has been the subject of extensions following the path until it meets Greenberfield Lane. Turn right onto Greenberfield Lane and follow the Lane Next take the footpath that leads from the bottom of and rebuilding since it was first constructed. Much of until it reaches the footpath which joins the canal. Follow the Forty Steps. Follow the footpath till it reaches the the present mill is likely to be of later construction and the towpath along the canal, crossing over the canal at water inlet on the site of the former Clough Mill (5). The dates from the industrial expansion of Barnoldswick in the second bridge. Turn right and continue to follow the flagged path where the board is located is actually the the early to mid 19th century. Continue past the Corn towpath on the opposite side until you reach the next former mill race of Clough Mill which was powered by Mill and out of the yard following the stream to the Weaving at Bancroft Mill bridge (Cockshott Bridge). Take the path across the water before 1820. This mill was the first in the town to junction with West Close Road. bridge and follow to the road (B6383). Re-join the path use steam power after this date, it was demolished in which continues to the left on the opposite side of the the late 1960s. Cross the road to the entrance of Victory Park. Follow the path into the park. When the path forks take the road. This leads back to Letcliffe Park. Continue down the path to the junction of Walmsgate right fork and follow the path round. The extensive Rolls There is an opportunity to join another trail called (6) and turn right onto the road. On Walmsgate are the Royce (10) factories are located to the right of the path. ‘Beating the Bounds’ which starts out at Victory Park. ‘New Ship’ Chapel, Sunday School and Old Baptist Details and a leaflet are available from the Tourist Chapel. These are examples of the many religious Rolls Royce took over the site from Rover in April 1943, Information Centre which is identified on the trail map institutions that grew up in Barnoldswick; the Old Baptist and with it the development of the jet engine. The first above. Chapel being first used in 1669. Leave Walmsgate by jet engine designed and built at the site was the B23 Weaving at Bancroft Mill