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And Possibly Sodium Hypochlorite (Naclo

OZONATED

Are we Creating Hypochlorous (HClO) and possibly Hypochlorite (NaClO- …)? OZONATED SALINE Ongoing Discussion: • Between Physicians and Chemists • Saline is Na+ and Cl- in . Does the react with the (Cl-) to form Hypochlorite ClO- ? • Does the Hypochlorite then form Hypochlorous Acid (HClO-) ? • Is it possible to also form (NaClO) or “Bleach”? OZONATED SALINE • If you are looking for acid, monitor the pH pH Changes During Ozonation 14

12

10

8

pH 6

4

2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Time (Minutes) OZONATED SALINE

• Ozonating the Saline did not change the pH (5.5) • BUT! Hypochlorous Acid has a pH range of 3 - 7 • Lack of pH change can be considered 95% proof that the Hypochlorous Aicd is not there • But! This is not absolute conclusive evidence… • After countless conversations with chemists and an exhaustive search of universities, researchers, and published data we found this…. ISSN 0023 – 1584, Kinetics and Catalysis, 2010 Vol 51, No.4 pp 492 – 496 Pleiades Publishing Ltd. 2010

Razumovskii et al. Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia OZONATED SALINE Razomovskii was concerned: • Ongoing discussion (argument) but… • Absence of Direct Experimental Data on: • Reaction of Ozone with the Cl- ion • Composition and Behavior of Intermediate reaction products (‘ if ’ a reaction takes place) UV Spectra of ….

ClO- Peak 290 nm 1. NaCl Solution (alone)

2. NaCl + O3 Solution Shows O3 UV Peak at O3 Peak 255 nm 255 – 260 nm 3. NaClO in Shows ClO- Peak at

S.D. Razomovskii et al., Mechanism and Kinetics of the Reaction of Ozone with Sodium Chloride in Aqueous Solution. 290 nm Kinetics and Catalysis 2010 Vol 51 No. 4 pp 492-496

The lack of the ClO- absorption peak in the NaCl + O3 Curve (2) proves that ClO- did not accumulate during the ozonation of the NaCl. OZONATED SALINE Razomovskii et al: Conclusion: Spectrophotometric and Gravimetric methods showed that the decomposition of Ozone in Aqueous Solutions of NaCl is not accompanied by the formation of products other than . In particular, there are no appreciable amounts of hypochlorites or .

This is the most detailed and thorough study we have ever seen on this topic. Their experimental evidence and the analysis of the is extraordinary. RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF POTENTIALLY POSSIBLE REACTION BETWEEN OZONE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE IN WATER G.A. BOYARINOV, A.S. GORDETSOV, I.N. SHAMELASHVILI, N.V. KULAGINA, S.V. ZIMINA, V.V. SOKOLOV, S.G. KALYAGINA

Military Medical Institute of the Russian Federal Border Service, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Ozone Concentrations of 10, 25, 35, 100 ug/ml were used. UV AND IR Absorption Analysis were utilized UV Absorption Curve of NaClO used as a reference displayed that ClO- absorption was at 290 nm (as in the previous study) If ClO- existed in the Ozonated Saline it would show absorption at this 290 nm of the UV Spectrum.

RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF POTENTIALLY POSSIBLE REACTION BETWEEN OZONE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE IN WATER G.A. BOYARINOV, A.S. GORDETSOV, I.N. SHAMELASHVILI, N.V. KULAGINA, S.V. ZIMINA, V.V. SOKOLOV, S.G. KALYAGINA

NaClO UV Absorption. This is the reference used for the ClO- UV Absorption at 290 nm.

UV Absorption Curve for Ozonated Sodium Chloride (Saline). UV Absorption only at 255 indicating the presence of O3. No absorption at 290 indicates No ClO- RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF POTENTIALLY POSSIBLE REACTION BETWEEN OZONE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE IN WATER G.A. BOYARINOV, A.S. GORDETSOV, I.N. SHAMELASHVILI, N.V. KULAGINA, S.V. ZIMINA, V.V. SOKOLOV, S.G. KALYAGINA

IR Spectra of Aqueous Solutions of Ozonated Sodium Chloride as as IR Spectra of their concentrates or dry residues show that they do not even contain trace quantities of / oxygen containing ions (ClO2, ClO3, ClO4)

“This data proves that even long lasting bubbling of 0.9% Sodium Chloride with different concentrations of Ozone (up to 100 ug/ml) does not lead to formation of chlorine – oxygen – containing ions.”

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