B PE L -011 BPEL-011
Basics of Persian
Indira Gandhi National Open University Language School of Foreign Languages
Block 1 READING AND WRITING-I
Course Introduction 3
Block Introduction 4
UNIT 1 Personal Introduction 5
UNIT 2 Relations 17
UNIT 3 My House 25
UNIT 4 Our Surrounding 35
UNIT 5 In the School 43
UNIT 6 Things Around you 54
COURSE INTRODUCTION
Dear learners, this is the first block of the course one of Certficate in Persian Language Programme (CPEL).The course one is based on the Basics of Persian and is having three blocks.Each block contains 6 Units.To make your learning process easy and effective the transliteration of each Persian word and sentence has been given through out the Self Learning Material (SLM).The basic purpose of this course is to acquaint you with the basic rudiments of Persian language. Persian alphabets, words and word combinations, sentences, situation based dialouges etc have been included in the course to familiarize you with the essential components of Persian language.The main emphasis of this course is on reading and writing.To understand the basic nuances of Persian grammar several activities and exercises have been designed. Continous learning with the help of this Self Learning Material will equip you to read and write the basic Persian by the end of this course
BLOCK INTRODUCTION
This is the first Block of the first course of the Certficate in Persian Language Programme.This Block Contains following six units:
Unit 1: Personal Introduction: The prime objective of this unit is to make you conversant with few common Persian words, specially the use of Yes and No in Persian and the Persian Alphabets alif, be, pe etc.
Unit 2: Relations: The main objective of this unit is to enable the learners to memorize some very common and frequently used Persian words and expressions. The unit is supported b several exercises to enhance your learning.
Unit 3: My House: The objective of this unit is to make you familiar with some very common and important Persian words and sentences. The main focus in this unit would be on the use of “from, before, to and after “etc. in Persian
Unit 4: Our surrounding: The main objective of this is to enable you to learn some common and frequently used Persian words related to our surrounding.
Unit 5: In the School: The main objective of this unit is to enable you to learn some common and frequently used Persian words related to school and its premises.
Unit 6: Things around You: The main objective of this unit is to enable you to learn some common and frequently used Persian words related to our surrounding and help you improve your ability to write and speak Persian. The unit is supported by many exercises to consolidate your learning.
I Personal Introduction UNIT 1 PERSONAL INTRODUCTION O*H_ 8$3 (Mo’arrefi Shakhsi)
Structure
1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 New Words 1.3 Persian Pronouns 1.4 Use of Yes and No 1.5 Exercise-1 1.6 Exercise-2 1.7 Exercise-3 1.8 Exercise-4 1.9 Exercise-5 1.10 Exercise-6 1.11 Exercise-7 1.12 Exercise-8 1.13 Exercise-9 1.14 Exercise-10 1.15 Table-1 1.16 Table-2 1.17 Exercise-11 1.18 Exercise-12 1.19 Exercise-13 1.20 Exercise-14
1.0 OBJECTIVES
The prime objective of this unit is to make you conversant with some common Persian words, Persian Personal Pronouns, the use of Yes and No in Persian language and the Persian Alphabets alif, be, pe etc.This unit contains many exercises to make your learning process easy, simple and understanding.
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Persian is written from right to left. It has 32 alphabets compared to 44 in Hindi, 26 in English and 29 alphabets in Arabic. There is no concept of small and capital letters in Persian language, but they assume various shapes and forms according to their positions: isolated, initial and final. In the following table you will be able to learn these things. 5
Reading and Writing-I How to pronounce Equivalent in English Persian alphabet Alif N:[8 a Be % : b Pe %c: p c Te %: t Se %: s / th Jim %^ j Che %: ch He %: h Khe %!: kh ! Dal %Y % d %
Zal %Y ' z ' Re %): r ) Ze %+: z + Zhe % : zh Sin %b / s -
Shin %b 3 sh 1
Saad %% 7 s 5
Zaad %% ; z 9
Ta % % t =
Za % A z A Ayn %b 84G ’ / a E Ghyn %b 84K gh I Fe %M: f M Qaaf %M S q Q
Kaaf %M k
Gaaf %M gh / q
6
I Personal Introduction Laam %] l Y
Mim %^ _ m ]
Nun %ac n a
Waaw % v / w
He :% h Ye %: y
1.2 NEW WORDS
Meanings Persian Words
Bus - ( atubus )
Hospital a /) ` (bimaarestaan )
Fan * 8 ( panke ) Sour 1* 94 ( torsh ) Wealth *8 84 (sarwat ) Population H` (jameiyat )
Suitcase a & ` : ( chamedaan )
Accountant ) % 0 ( hesaabdaar )
House c # ( khaane ) School a 0 : %8 ( dabestaan ) Sweetcorn ); '9 (zorrat)
Driver &*c ) (raanande)
Women a+8 ( zan ) Japan b94 ( japun ) Solider + */ ( sarbaaz )
Oral P3 (shafaahi)
Breakfast c 7 ( subhaane )
7
Reading and Writing-I Harm )*;8 ( zarar )
Supporter, Fan ) &O*= ( tarafdaar ) Noon * 94A ( zhohr ) Bride -* 84G ( arus ) Rich * 84K ( ghani ) Airport %*O ( Forudgaah )
Train ) @ 8XS ( qataar )
Book :4X ( ketaab )) Report 1) , 94 ( gozaaresh ) Please 5X P@[ ( lotfan )
Engineer -&* _ ( mohandes )
Watchman a :c ( negaahbaan )
Entry %) ( worood )
Airplane ` ( hawapaima )
Same a 0 ( yaksaan )
Doctor *% ( doktor )
Student 4c % ( daaneshju )
Teacher ^\H_ ( moallem )
Railway Station ba )X 0 : (istgahe raah-aahan )
Manager * &_ ( modir )
Market ) + ( baazaar )
Car b 3 _ ( maashin )
Computer (c ) )X* _ (kamputer , raayaane ) Man %* 84_ ( mard ) Police . \ ( polis ) 8
I 1.3 PERSIAN PRONOUNS Personal Introduction
English Pronunciation Persian I man b_8 WE maa _
HE / SHE Ou
THEY aanha / eeshan a 4 / X ca
YOU to
YOU (plural) Shomaa (for respect) `3
1.4 PRACTICE OF BALE ( \ ) YES AND NAKHAIR / NO ( * $c)
The two words “Yes” and “No” are very important in all the languages without any exception. You will notice that in most of the cases either we agree and say “Yes” or we disagree and say “No”. So \ means YES and * $c means NO. In the following exercise try to practice the use of ( \ ) and with correct pronunciation. The first two sentences are done for you.
Question Answer
Do you have a car? Bale \
Are you a teacher? Nakhair X* $c
Is your brother a doctor?
Do you have a computer?
Was Akber an emperor?
Is Agra the capital of India?
Is Taj Mahal in Delhi?
Do you like Persian?
1.5 EXERCISE-1
Match the words with correct meanings. 9
Reading and Writing-I Persain English Shomaa `3 Chair Ou I Aanhaa ca We Maa _ Bag Man b_ You Kif N They Sandali [&*7 He / she
1.6 EXERCISE-2
Read the following sentences carefully. (Practice of I am …………………..)
Persian Transliteration English .^0X^\H_Xb_ Man moallem hastam I am a teacher. .^0 X 4c %Xb_ Man daneshju hastam I am a student. .^0X%*_Xb_ Man mard hastam I am a man. .^0X&*c )Xb_ Man raanandeh I am a driver. hastam .^0Xa+Xb_ Man zaan hastam I am a woman. .^0X*0Xb_ Man pesar hastam I am a boy. .^0X*#%Xb_ Man dokhtar hastam I am a girl. .^0XZ Xb_ Man wakil hastam I am a lawyer. .^0X) &`/ /Xb_ Man saysatmadaar I am a politician. hastam
1.7 EXERCISE-3
Read the following sentences carefully. (Practice of you are …………..)
10
I Personal Introduction Persian Transliteration English .& 0 X-&*_X `3 Shomaa mohandes You are an hasted engineer. .& 0X 4c %X `3 Shomaa daaneshju You are a student. hastid .& 0X%*_X `3 Shomaa mardhastid You are a man. .& 0Xa+X `3 Shomaa zan hastid You are a woman. .& 0X X `3 Shomaa bache hastid You are a kid. .& 0X)&X `3 Shomaa pedar hastid You are a father. .& 0X)% _X `3 Shomaa maadaer You are a mother. hastid .& 0X^\H_X `3 Shomaa muallem You are a teacher. hastid .& 0X) % 0 X `3 Shomaa Hesaab daar You are an hastid accountant. .& 0 XZ X `3 Shomaa wakeel hastid You are a lawyer.
1.8 EXERCISE-4
Read the following sentences carefully. (Practice of He / She is …………..)
Persian Transliteration English ./ X*%X Ou duktor ast She / He is a doctor. ./ X 4c %X Ou daaneshju ast She / He is a student. ./ X^\H_X Ou moallem ast She / He is a teacher. ./ X*#%X Ou dokhtar ast She / He is a girl. ./ X&*c )X Ou raanande ast She / He is a driver. ./ X-&*_X Ou mohandes ast She / He is an engineer. ./ XZ X Ou wakil ast She / He is a lawyer ./ X) & 0 X Ou hesabdaar ast She / He is an accountant. ./ Xa+X Ou zan ast She / He is a woman. ./ X5 S)X Ou raqqas ast She / He is a dancer. ./ X &*c # X Ou khaanande ast She / He is a singer. 11
Reading and Writing-I 1.9 EXERCISE-5
Read the following sentences carefully. (Practice of we are …………..)
Persian Transliteration English .^ 0X 4c %X _ Maa daaneshju hastim. We are student. ^ 0X&*_**X _ Maa honarmand We are artist. hastim. ^ 0Xa % T /_X _ Maa mosiqidaan We are musician. hastim. X*OX- *3) X _ Maa karshenaas-e We are technician. fanni hastim. ^ 0 ^ 0X) &`/ /X _ Maa seyasatmadar We are politician. hastim. ^ 0X-&*_X _ Maa mohandes hastim. We are engineer. ^ 0X* + X _ Maa baazigar hastim. We are actor.
1.10 EXERCISE-6
Read the following sentences carefully. (Practice of They are………………)
Persian Transliteration English .&*0X%* a X ca Aanhaa jahangard They are tourists. hastand. .&*0X* &_X ca Aanhaa modir They are managers. hastand. .&*0X&*0 c X ca Aanhaa They are authors. newisandeh hastand. .&*0X*G 3X ca Aanhaa shayer They are poets. hastand. .&*0X) c _ cX+)X ca Aanhaa They are ruznamenegaar journalists. hastand. .&*0X^*_X ca Aanhaa motarajem They are hastand. translators. .&*0X / / X+ */XaX ca Aanhaa sarbaaz / They are soldiers. sepahi hastand. .&*0X* +X ca Aanha wazir They are ministers. hastand. .&*0X&*c )X ca Aanhaa raanande They are drivers. hastand. 12
I 1.11 EXERCISE-7 Personal Introduction
Match the following sentences:
Transliteration Persian English Man moallem ^0X^\H_Xb_ I am a driver. hastam. Man daaneshju ^0X 4c %Xb_ I am a woman. hastam. Man mard hastam. ^0X%*_Xb_ I am a student Man raanande ^0X&*c )Xb_ I am a teacher. hastam Man zan hastam. ^0Xa+Xb_ I am a man.
1.12 EXERCISE-8
Match the following sentences:
Transliteration Persian English Shomaa hesabdar & 0 ) & 0 X `3 You are a hastid. teacher. Shomaa maadar & 0X)% _X `3 You are a hastid. lawyer. Somaa moallem & 0X^\H_X `3 You are a hastid. father. Shomaa pedar hastid. & 0X)&X `3 You are a mother. Shom wakil hastid. & 0XZ X `3 You are an accountant.
1.13 EXERCISE -9
Match the following sentences:
Transliteration Persian English Ou wakil ast. X/ XZ X She / He is a singer. Ou hesabdaar ast. / X) & 0 X She / He is a dancer. Ou zan ast. / Xa+X She / He is a woman. 13
Reading and Writing-I Ou raqqas ast ./ X5 S)X She / He is an accountant. Ou khanande ast. / X&*c #X She / He is a lawyer.
1.14 EXERCISE-10
Match the following sentences:
Transliteration Persian English Maa daaneshju ^ 0X 4c %X _ We are politicians. hastim. Maa hunarmand ^ 0X&*_**X _ We are technicians. hastim. Maa mosiqidaan ^ 0Xa & T /_X _ We are musicians. hastim. Maa karshenas-e ^ 0X+) 4X _ We are artists. fanni hastim. Maa siyasatmadar ^ 0X) &`/ /X _ We are students. hastim.
1.15 TABLE-1
This table contains ten alphabets, their pronunciation and English equivalent. You are required to learn them by heart.
Persian Alphabets How to pronounce Equivalent in English Alif A Be B Te T ! Khe Kh Jim J % Dal D + Zal Z ) Re R Kaf K 1 shin Sh 14
I 1.16 TABLE-2 Personal Introduction
Out of 32 Persian alphabets / letters few of them are given in the table for your practice. The table shows the different forms and shapes of the alphabets as per their positions like isolated, initial, medial and final one. Practice it carefully.
Examples Final Medial Initial Isolated
243 ... 1 ... 1... 1... 1
... ... ... ...
%%% ... % ... %... %... %
...... 1.17 EXERCISE-11
Practice the writing of 1 in its isolated form and while writing the same say “Sheen”
1 1 1 1.18 EXERCISE-12
Practice the writing of in its isolated form and while writing the same say “Kaaf”
1.19 EXERCISE-13
Practice the writing of Y in its isolated form and while writing the same say “Laam”
Y
Y
Y
15
Reading and Writing-I 1.20 EXERCISE-14
Practice the writing of ) in its initial, medial and final forms. While writing the same say “re”
))) * * * X
***
*/*/*/
16
I Relations UNIT 2 RELATIONS > ) (Rawaabet)
Structure
2.0 Objectives 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Revision 2.3 New words 2.4 Exercise-1 2.5 Exercise-2 2.6 Exercise-3 2.7 Exercise-4 2.8 Exercise-5 2.9 Writing skills 2.10 Table-1 2.11 Exercise-1 2.12 Exercise-2 2.13 Exercise-3 2.14 Exercise-4
2.0 OBJECTIVES
The prime objective of this unit is to enable the learners about some very common and frequently used Persian / Farsi words and expressions about the relations. The unit is supported by a couple of exercises to enhance your learning.
2.1 INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will learn more than ten new Persian words and their usages. These are very common and frequently used Persian / Farsi words in term of relations. The unit contains some exercises to enhance and consolidate your learning and make you completely familiar with these words. The attempt has been made to ensure the practice of writing as well by giving exercises. Let us start with a quick and sharp revision of some Persian words that you have learnt in the previous unit.
2.2 REVISION
Match the following words:
English Pronunciation Persian
Train Hesaabdaar ) % 0 17
Reading and Writing-I school Khaane c #
Accountant Qataar ) @S
Airport Forudgaah %*O
House Dabestaan a4 0 %
2.3 NEW WORDS
English Pronunciation Persian Brother Baraadar )% *
Sister Khaahar * #
Father Pedar )&
Mother Maadar )% _
Daughter Dokhtar *#%
Son Pesar *0
Grand father Pedar Bozorg ), 4)&
Grand mother Maadar Bozorg ), )% _
Father in law Pedar-Shohar *3)&
Mother in law Madar-Shohar *3)% _
Uncle Amu `G
Aunty Amme `G
Son in law Daamaad % _ %
Daughter in law Aroos -*G
2.4 EXERCISE-1
This exercise is designed to teach you the STRUCTUREs like “my brother” and “your brother” etc.
English Pronunciation Persian My brother Baraadar-e man b_4 )% * : My father Pedar-e man b_4 )&: 18
I Relations My sister Khaahar-e man b_4 * #: My daughter-in-law Aroos-e man b_4 -*G: Your father Pedar-e Shomaa `34 )&: Your mother Madar-e Shomaa `34 )% _: Your daughter Dokhtar-e Shomaa `34 *#%:
2.5 EXERCISE-2
In this exercise you will learn the usages of the expressions like “his” , “her”, “their” etc
English Pronunciation Persian
His brother Baraadar-e ou )% * Her son Pesar-e ou 4 *0: Their daughter Dokhtar-e aanha ca4 *#%: His father Pedar-e ou 4 )&: His mother Madar-e ou 4 )% _: Their son-in-laws Daamaad-e aanha ca4 % _ %: His uncle Amuo-ye-ou 4`G
Her aunty Amme-ye-ou 4ȶ`G
2.6 EXERCISE-3
In the above exercise, you have learnt the formation of different sentences and expressions. Now on the same pattern make more sentences / expressions using the words given below in the table.
English Pronunciation Persian
School Madarse /)&_
Pen Qalam ^\S
Car Atomobil Z _
Bag Kif / kise N / 40
Book Ketaab 19
Reading and Writing-I Shoes Kafsh 2P
Socks Juraab )
Hat / cap Kolah
Room Otaaq Q
2.7 EXERCISE-4
Read the following sentences carefully. (Practice of “who is this”) and how to answer it.
English Pronunciation Persian Question Who is she? ou kist? 20 4
Answer This is my ou Khaahar-e man 4b_4 * #4 : sister. ast. ./
English Pronunciation Persian Question Who is he? ou kist? 20 4
Answer This is my father. ou Pedar-e man ast. ./ 4b_4 )&4 :
English Pronunciation Persian Question Who is she? ou kist? 20 4
Answer This is my mother. ou Madar-e man 4b_4 )% _4 : ast. ./
2.8 EXERCISE-5
Read the following sentences carefully. (Practice of “who is that”) and how to answer it.
English Pronunciation Persian Question Who is she? ou kist? 20 4
Answer That is my ou Dokhtar-e man 4b_4 *#%4 : daughter. ast. ./
20
I Relations English Pronunciation Persian
Question Who is she? ou kist? 20 4
Answer That is my sister. ou Khaahar-e man 4b_4 * #4 : ast. ./
English Pronunciation Persian
Question Who is he? ou kist? 20 4
Answer That is my ou Ammu-e man ast. 4b_4`G4 uncle. ./
English Pronunciation Persian
Question Who is he? ou kist? 20 4
Answer That is my son-in- ou Daamaad-e man ast. 4b_ 4% _ %4 : law. ./
2.9 WRITING SKILLS
The following tables and exercises are designed to help you in order to improve your Persian writing skills.Pronunciations play a vital role in alphabets learning, therefore it is strongly recommended to be in touch with your counselor.
2.10 TABLE-1
This table contains all Persian alphabets with their pronunciations and English equivalents, with examples:
How to Equivalent Persian examples pronounce in English alphabet Alif a a- a `/a - 1a – 4* Be b % - a ) - )% * Pe p c )& - &c* – 4+ * Te t - 3 ` - Se s / th *` - c - Jim j , - ) - 21
Reading and Writing-I Che ch - ) a - * He h Y - \ - * Khe kh ! ) %# - 1*# - # Dal d % /% - %)% - /% Zal z ' ' - ' - )' Re r ) , ) - / ) - ) Ze z + a+ - b _+ - a _+ Zhe zh - * - [ Sin s - ,/ - %/ - %*/ Shin sh 1 )3 - 3 - F`3 Saad s 5 &7 - *7 - a 7 Zaad z 9 ; ) - :c - )*; Ta t = Z= - ,a= - = Za z A *A - * A - *Dc Ayn ’ / a E &G) - *`G - %&G Ghyn gh I ) K - >\K - ]K fe f M %*O - %*O - /) O Qaaf q Q ^S - ^\S - 8S Kaaf k ) - - Gaaf gh / q Z - * - * Laam l Y Y - - [ - [ Mim m ] * &_ - , _ - %*_ Nun n a )c - ] c - `c Waw v / w %) - 4 - S He h ) - /&a - &a Ye y %+ - * - 2.11 EXERCISE-1
Write all Persian alphabets atleast eight times that you have learnt in the previous units.
22
I Relations
2.12 EXERCISE-2
Transliterate the letters into English. First line is done for you.
4/8 )8 / : jaa kaa gaa sab rb sech bej taa baa Aab 23
Reading and Writing-I *38 *8 )+: *84_ *84 38 _8 _ Z: Z9
) b: b_8 b8 ^8 ^8 &39 Z 8 #
8 b/: &G8 *K8 *;8 3 7 b_8 %'8 '%8
.38 4 .8 b_: Z: *84c )'9 ^8c " 8 * 8
2.13 EXERCISE-3
Write the following alphabets in Persian.
Alif Be Pe Te Se Jim Che He Khe Kaf
2.14 EXERCISE-4
Out of 32 Persian alphabets / letters few of them are given in the table for your practice. The table shows the different forms and shapes of the alphabets as per their positions like isolated, initial, medial and final one. Practice it carefully.
Examples Final Medial Initial Isolated
243 ... 1 ... 1... 1... 1
... ... ... ...
%%% ... % ... %... %... %
......
24
My House UNIT 3 MY HOUSE b_"ȶc # (Khaan -eye man)
Structure
3.0 Objectives 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Revision 3.3 New words 3.4 Exercise-1 3.5 Exercise-2 3.6 Exercise-3 3.7 Exercise-4 3.8 Exercise-5 3.9 Exercise-6 3.10 Writing skills 3.11 Table-1 3.12 Exercise-1 3.13 Exercise-2 3.14 Exercise-3 3.15 Exercise-4
3.0 OBJECTIVES
The objective of this unit is to make you familiar with some very common and important Persian words and sentences. The main focus in this unit would be on the use of “from, before, to and after “etc. in Persian
3.1 INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will learn fifteen new Persian words and their usages. The unit also contains exercises on these words and simple sentences. Here again, like previous units, you will continue to practice some other Persian alphabets / letters to enhance your Persian writing skill.
3.2 REVISION
Let us start with a quick revision of some Persian words that you have learnt in the previous unit.
25
Reading and Writing-I Read the following Persian words loudly. English Pronunciation Persian Brother Baraadar )% *
Sister Khaahar * #
Father Pedar )&
Mother Maadar )% _
Daughter Dokhtar *#%
Son Pesar *0
3.3 NEW WORDS
In this unit you will learn 15 new Persian words.
English Pronunciation Persian
To Be
From Az +
After Bad az / pas az + ". / "+ "&H
Before Pish az / qabl az + "ZS / "+ "2
On Bar / ruye ) / *
In Dar )% Above Baalaa "
Under Zir * +
Behind Aqab TG
In front of Dar muqabel / * ) / Z T_")% ruberu
Top Baalaa
Bottom Paayeen b
Distance Faasele \7 O
Time Saa’at G /
With Baa 26
3.4 EXERCISE-1 My House
Match the following words with their correct meaning.
ENGLISH PERSIAN
Above b
Under \7 O
Behind G /
Bottom Distance "
Time * +
With TG
3.5 EXERCISE-2
In the following exercise you will learn the use of “baa”
English Pronunciation Persian With me Baa man b_" "
With you Baa Shomaa `3"
With her Baa ou "
With him Baa ou "
With sister Baa Khaahar * #"
With mother Baa Maadar )% _"
With brother Baa bradar )% * " With friend Baa doust /%"
3.6 EXERCISE-3
In the following exercise you will learn the use of )% “dar”
English Pronunciation Persian In the house Dar khaane c #")%
In the room Dar otaaq Q = ")% 27
Reading and Writing-I In the school Dar madarse /)&_")%
In the company Dar sherkat *3")%
3.7 EXERCISE-4
In the following exercise you will learn the use of + , and * “ az, and bar”
English Pronunciation Persian From the house Az khaane c #"+
From the school Az madarse /)&_"+
From the room Az otaaq Q = "+ On the chair Bar sandal / ruye sandli "&N7") / "[&N7"* ["
On the book Bar Ketaab / ruye ") / " "* Ketaab
On the table Bar meez / ruye miz , _") / ", _"*
On the roof Bar saqaf / ruye saqf NT/") / "NT/"*
3.8 EXERCISE-5
In the following exercise you will learn the use of + "&H / + ". and + "ZS + "2 / “pas az or baad az” and “qabl az or pish az”
English Pronunciation Persian After the school Pas / baad az madarse /)&_"+ "&H / ".
Before the school Qabl / pish az madarse /)&_"+ "2 / "ZS
After the office Pas / baad az edaare ) % "+ "&H / ".
Before the office Qabl / pish az edaare ) % "+ "2 / "ZS
After the lunch Pas / baad az naahaar ) c"+ "&H / ".
Before the lunch Qabl / pish az naahaar ) c"+ "2 / "ZS
After the evening Pas / baad az shaam ] 3+ "&H / ".
Before the evening Qabl / pish az shaam ] 3"+ "2 / "ZS 28
3.9 EXERCISE-6 My House
Translate the following sentences / expression into Persian, and while translating pronounce them loudly. Some sentences are done for you. These types of sentences / expressions will help you learn Persian quickly. So practice them meticulously.
English Persian
After the evening ] 3+ "&H / ".
From the school /)&_"+ After the school On the chair On the book With me With you In front of my house Above the table Below the chair Under the roof With your sister Before the lunch
3.10 WRITING SKILLS
The following tables and exercises are designed to help you improveand enhance your Persian writing skills.
3.11 TABLE-1
The present table contains all Persian alphabets / letters, their pronunciations and English equivalent.
How to pronounce Equivalent in English Persian alphabet Alif a
Be b
Pe p c Te t 29
Reading and Writing-I Se s / th
Jim j
Che ch
He h
Khe kh !
Dal d %
Zal z '
Re r )
Ze z +
Zhe zh
Sin s -
Shin sh 1
Saad s 5
Zaad z 9
Ta t =
Za z A
Ayn ’ / a E
Ghyn gh I Qaaf q Q
Kaaf k
Gaaf gh / q
Laam L Y
Mim m ]
Noun n a
Waaw v / w
He h
Ye y 30
3.12 EXERCISE-1 My House
Write at least five times, all Persian alphabets that you have learnt in the previous units.
31
Reading and Writing-I
3.13 EXERCISE-2
Transliterate the following letters into English. First line is done for you.
/8 )9 /8 : 8
ja ka ga sab rob sach bej ta ba Ab
*3 * )+ *_ * 3 _ _ Z: Z8
b/ &G *K *; 3 7 b_ %' '%
% ) . 2 - b ^
& 3 3 Y Y _ Y _ M _
) % + % ) % ) Z[% Y % b_ b
Y Z - # ) # S O = A ^\A 1
[ Z Y T J 1 # - # # " " M
& ') >A =' [ &7 &; & ; )
32
I am sure that by now you can read and write the Persian alphabets / letters My House very well.
3.14 EXERCISE-3
Make short Persian expressions from the following words. One example has been given to help you for doing the same.
English Persian
With sister * #" With my friend With your friend With your father My mother His father Their daughter On the table Below the chair On the book Under r the book Before the lunch After the school My grand father
3.15 EXERCISE-4
Match the following expressions correctly.
Pronunciation Persian Pas / ba’d az madarse ) % "+ "&H / ".
Qabl / pish az madarse ) c"+ "&H / ".
Pas / ba’d az edaare ] 3+ "&H / ".
Qabl / pish az edaare ) % "+ "2 / "ZS
Pas / ba’d az naahaar /)&_"+ "2 / "ZS Qabl / pish az naahaar ) c"+ "2 / "ZS 33
Reading and Writing-I Pas / ba’d az shaam /)&_"+ "&H / ". Baa maadar c #"+
Baa baraadar /)&_"+
Baa doust Q = "+
Az khaane [&N7") / "*
Az madrase )% * " Az otaaq /%"
Bar / ruye sandali )% _"
34
I Our Surrounding UNIT 4 OUR SURROUNDING _ M *= : (Atraaf-e maa)
Structure
4.0 Objectives 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Revision 4.3 New words 4.4 Exercise-1 4.5 Exercise-2 4.6 Exercise-3 4.7 Exercise-4 4.8 Exercise-5 4.9 Exercise-6 4.10 Exercise-7 4.11 Exercise-8 4.12 Exercise-9 4.13 Writing skills 4.14 Exercise
4.0 OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this is to enable you to learn some common and frequently used Persian words for our surrounding. The unit is supported by many exercises to build up your learning.
4.1 INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will learn ten new Persian words and their uses. These are very common and frequently used words. The unit contains some exercises to enhance and consolidate your learning process and make you completely familiar with these common Persian words. The attempt has been made to ensure the practice of writing by giving exercises on Persian alphabets. Let us start with a quick revision of some Persian words you have learnt in the previous unit.
4.2 REVISION
Read the following Persian words loudly:
!"#$#%& '()*+(*,-(#(.#/! 0!-&$"#*1(-2& Behind * Aghab * TG * 35
Reading and Writing-I In front of jelo’ye \ * Far dour )% * Near nazdik %,c * Opposite moghaabil Z T_ * Here injaaa 3 There aanjaaa ca North Shomaal Y `3 South jonoub 3 East shargh Q*3 West gharb *K
4.3 NEW WORDS
In this unit you will learn 10 new Persian words about our surrounding:
!"#$#%& '()*+(*,-(#(.#/! 0!-&$"#*)(-2& Tree derakht #)% Garden baagh I Road / street khiyaabaan a # Lane kouche Traffic lights cherag-e qermez ,_*S I * Village rousta / deh % / / ) Shop Maghaaze + L_ Bus stop istgah -e otobous - M : 0 Train qataar ) @S Railway station istgaah -e qataar ) @S M : 0 Sun aaftaab Oa Moon maah _ Sky aasemaan a `/a Note: ! "#$%!&'(!&)*"+!& !,'$",!-&."#-/0&1(!2&.$33&!,)*3!&2"4&'"&-!5$,!& 2"4#&/4##"4,-$,6/0&
&
& 36
I 4.4 EXERCISE-1 Our Surrounding
Match the words with correct meanings:
Persian English Persian English Deh Shop derakht Garden Maghaaze Railway station kuche Road / street Istgah -e utubus Train baagh Lane Qataar Bus stop khyaabaan Tree Qataar Village cheragh-qirmiz Traffic lights
4.5 EXERCISE-2
1($/&!7!#8$/!&$/&-!/$6,!-&'"&'!)8(&2"4&+!#2&$ 9"#'),'&."#-/&/48(&)/&O 2P<& O2"4#P<& ),-& O($/& =& (!#P& !'80& /48(& ."#-/& )#!& +!#2& "5'!,& 4/!-& $,& "4#& -)$32& 8",+!#/)'$",/& ),-& .$'("4'& )/'!#$,6& '(! <& 2"4& 8),,"'& 3!)#,& >!#/$),& 9#"9!#320&?"&9)2&/9!8$)3&)''!,'$",&),-&9#)8'$8!&'(! &)/& 48(&)/&9"//$*3!0&?"& 5)#<&2"4&()+!&3!)#,'&",32&@A&."#-/&"5&>!#/$),0&?!!&(".& ),2&/!,'!,8!/&2"4& 8),& 5"# & "4'& "5& '(! 0& 1(!& "#!& 2"4& 9#)8'$8!& '(!& "#!& 2"4& .$33& 6!'& '(!& *!,!5$'0B&
In Persian, a possessive relationship between two nouns can be shown in either of two ways:
A. the vowel ‘e’ known as !3"4! (genetive) or 3$- , conveys a meaning of possession and ownership. In a sentence the possessor appears before what is possessed, and the two are linked by the vowel ‘e’. The linking vowel ‘e’ takes the form ‘ye’ when the noun it follows ends in a vowel. ‘e’
My town shah’r -e man b_ M*3: Your town shah’r -e to / Shomaa `3 M*3: His / her town shah’r -e ou M*3:
‘ye’
My house Khaane ye man b_ Mc #
Your house Khaane ye to / Shomaa `3 ȶc # / c #
His / her house Khaane ye ou c #
37
Reading and Writing-I B. Alternatively, a possessive suffix can be attached to the end of the noun that is possessed.
My book ketaab-am ^: Your book ketaab-at His / her ketaab-ash 2
4.6 EXERCISE-3
Match the following list in continuation of above examples to make you understand and remember pronouns:
I / My Shomaa `3 we aanha / eishan a 4 ɜ ca You ou / wey ɜ You (pl.) ma _ He / she to / Shomaa `3 ɜ They man b_ Note: In Persian the expression like Shomaa, …….. ishan …….. are also used for respect to elders and in formal address.
4.7 EXERCISE-4
The following is list of suffixes as described in 4.5 B. My -am ] Our -eman Ma _: Your -at Your(pl.) -etan a His / her -ash 1 Their -eshan a 3
4.8 EXERCISE-5
In Persian, C) !!# (pronouns) are of two types:
A. D"''R)/$3 (attached), which is attached with the noun like ) F ] 8M4 B<&)'F MM 84 B and )/(F 1 8M4 B, for example: My am M84] baagham (my garden) ^MK 8 Your at M84 baaghat (your garden) MK 8 His / her ash 1M84 baaghash (his / her garden) 2MK 8 You might have noticed as explained in 4.5 that nouns ending with consonant, is directly attached as shown in the above examples. 38
I B. Mon’fasil (detached) which is detached with the noun like man, to, ou Our Surrounding for example:
My -am Maghaaze-ye man (my shop) b_M + L_ Your -at Maghaaze-ye to (your shop) M + L_ His / her -ash Maghaaze-ye ou (his / her shop) M + L_
4.9 EXERCIS-6
These exercises are designed to make you more acquainted with the %) !!#&G !&& "'')/$30&
& 56#%7$&89 & 50!-&$"#9 &
Derakhtam & my tree & ^#)% = b_M#)%: &
derakhtat & your tree & #)% = M #)%: &
derakhtash his / her tree 2#)% = M #)%: Baagham my garden ^K = b_MI : baaghat your garden K = M :I baaghash his / her garden 2K = M I : Khyaabaanam my street ^c # = b_Ma #:
khayabant your street c # = Ma #
khayabanash his / her street 2c # = M a #: Cheragham my light ^K * = b_MI * : cheraghat your light K * = M :I * cheraghash his / her light 2K * = M I * : Utubusam my bus ^/ = b_M- : utubushat your bus / = M - :
utubusash his / her bus 2/ = M-
Qataaram my train ]) @S = b_M) @S: qataarat your train ) @S = M ) @S:
qataarash his / her train = 1) @S M ) @S: 39
Reading and Writing-I 4.10 EXERCISE-7
The following exercises are designed to make you more acquainted with the %) !!#&M! "'')/!3& "#2 && ",5)/$3&
50!-&$"#9 56#%7$&89 Kuche-am my lane ] = b_M kuche-at your lane = M M kuche-ash his / her lane 1 = M Deh-am my villege ] % = b_M%: deh-at your village % = M %: deh-ash his / her village 1 % = M %: Maghaaze-am my shop ] + L_ = b_M+ L_ Maghaaze-at your village + L_ = M+ L_ Maghaaze-ash his / her village 1 + L_ = M+ L_
4.11 EXERCISE-8
Below is given the list of pronouns, though in Persian, verbs show the person and number of their subject in suffix attached to the verb.
Singular Plural 50!-&$"#9 * 56#%7$&89* 50!-&$"#9 56#%7$&89 Man * b_ * I ma * _ * we to You Shomaa `3 You (informal) Shomaa `3M You - - - (polite) Ou He / she / it Aanha / ɜ aa They (animate) ishan a 4 aan aa (inanimate) There are both informal and polite forms of the singular pronoun ‘you’. The polite form ‘Shomaa’ has the same form as the plural form of you. The informal form ‘to’ ……. is used only among close friends and relatives.
The 3 rd person singular i.e. he / she / it has two forms:
a. ‘oo’ ……. is used to refer animate nouns i.e. persons and animals
40 b. ‘aan’……. is used to refer inanimate nouns i.e. things
I Our Surrounding 4.12 EXERCISE-9
The following examples are to make you understand the difference between ‘oo’ and ‘aan’ and their use:
F>!#/$),B FI,63$/(B Aanjaa dera kht ast. & / M#)%M ca There is tree. Aan sabz ast. / M,/Maa That is green. Aan derakht sabz ast. / M,/M#)%Maa That tree is green. Aanjaaa baagh ast / MI M ca There is garden. Aan bozorg ast / M), aa That is big. Aan baagh bozorg ast / M), MI aa That garden is big. Ou Ahmad ast / M&` M he is Ahmad Ahmad Aanjaaa ast / M caM&` Ahmad is there. Ou pesar ast / M*0M he is boy Nahid Aanjaaa ast / M ca & c Nahid is there. Ou dokhtar ast / M*#%M She is girl. Aan Maghaaze ast / + L_Maa That is shop. Aan Maghaaze kouchak / M + L_ aa That shop is ast small. Aan utubus ast / - aa That is bus. Aan utubus sorkh ast / !*/ - aa Tat is a s red bus.
4.13 WRITING SKILLS
(How to pronounce) (equivalent in English) (Persian alphabet)
Alif a Be b Pe p c Te t Se s / th Jim j Che ch He h 41
Reading and Writing-I Khe kh ! Dal d % Zal z ' Re r ) Ze z + Zhe zh Sin s - Shin s 1 Sad s 5 Zad z 9 Ta t = Za z A Ayn ’ / a E Ghyn gh I Fe f M ghaf gh / q Q kaf k gaf g lam l Y mim m ] nun n a waw v / w he h ye y 4.14 EXERCISE
Write the above 32 alphabets of Persian which you have learnt four times in the following four units:
Unit-1 unit-2 unit-3
42
I In the School UNIT 5 IN THE SCHOOL )% / /)&_ )% a 0 % (Dar Madrase / Dabestaan)
Structure
5.0 Objectives 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Revision 5.3 New Words 5.4 Exercise-1 5.5 Exercise-2 5.6 Exercise-3 5.7 Exercise-5 5.8 Exercise-5 5.9 Exercise-6 5.10 Table 5.11 Exercise-7 5.12 Exercise-8 5.13 Exercise-9 5.14 Writing Skills 5.15 Revision 5.16 Rxercise-1 5.17 Exercise-2 5.18 Exercise-3
5.0 OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this unit is to enable you to learn some common and frequently used Persian words related to school and its premises. The unit is supported by many EXERCISEs to build up your learning.
5.1 INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will learn ten new Persian words and their uses. These are very common and frequently used words. The unit contains some EXERCISEs to enhance and consolidate your learning process and make you completely familiar with these common Persian words. The attempt has been made to ensure the practice of writing by giving EXERCISEs. Let us start with a quick revision of some Persian words you have learnt in the previous unit.
43
Reading and Writing-I 5.2 REVISION
Read the following Persian words loudly:
!"#$#%&' ()*'+)',-)#).#/!'' 0!-&$"#'1)-2&' Mistake eshtebaah 3 Clean tamiz , ` Signature imza’ 3 <_ Closed baste 0 Open baaz + Letter naame _ c Night shab 3 Day ruz +) Tonight emshab 4_ Yesterday dirouz +* % Today emruz +*_ Tomorrow Fardaa %*O Day after tomorrow pas-Fardaa %*O . 5.3 NEW WORDS
In this unit you will learn 10 new Persian words about our surrounding:
!"#$#%&' ()*'+)',-)#).#/!'' 0!-&$"#'*)-2&' Student shagerd %* 3 Teacher aamuzgaar / ostaad % / / ) +_a Class kelaas - Book ketaab Copy daftar *O% Pen khodkaar ) %# Pencil medaad % &_ Library KetaabKhaane c # Museum muze +_ Lesson dars -)%
44
I Note: memorize the above mentioned words. They will enable you to define In the School your school.
5.4 EXERCISE-1
Match the words with correct meanings:
English Persian English Persian Student medaad % &_ Teacher ketaab Class claas - Book dars -)% Copy mouze +_ Pen Ketaabkhaane c $ Pencil shagerd %* 3 Library khodkaar ) %# Museum daftar *O% Lesson aamuzgaar ) +_a
5.5 EXERCISE-2
(This EXERCISE is designed to teach you about interaction with others. Knowing a few formal words for expressing thanks and sayings goodbye will help to show your appreciation towards your teacher or while interacting with others. These words are very often used in our daily conversations. So pay special attention and practice them as much as possible and make as many sentences you can form out of them.)
First of all read the following: English Persian (pronunciation) Persian Hello salaam ]/ Goodbye khodaa haafez BO &# Yes bale / aare )a ɜ \ No khair / na c ɜ * # Excuse me bebakhshid & 4$ Please lotfan 5 P@[ Thank you motashakkeram / mamnunam ^cT`_ ɜ ]*4_ Ok bashe 3 Do you mind? Eshkaal nadaare? 2 ) &c Y 3 That’s ok khahish mikonam ^T_ 2 # 5.6 EXERCISE-3
The following is in continuation of above examples to make you acquainted with the words required to express greetings, goodbyes and conversation: 45
Reading and Writing-I English Persian Persian (pronunciation)
Good morning sob’h be khair * $ 7 Good day (noon) rouz bekhair * $ +) Good afternoon asr bekhair * $ *8G Good evening / night shab bekhair * $ 3 Goodbye khodaa haafez BO &# Let’s go befarmayeed berawim ^ * & _*P Please sit down befaryeed benashinid & T 4T & _*P Correct! Dorost ast / /)% Do you understand? Motavejjeh mi-shavid? 2& 3 _ _ a Yes, I understand bale, motavjjeh me 3] _ _ 0\ shavum No, I don’t understand na motavjjeh name 3] `c _ 0c shavum
Except close friends and children, while people calling each other by their first name or surname, generally they add the title ‘Mr’ ( agha ) or ‘Ms’ (Khaanom ), but in case addressing in a very formal manner they use ‘ Janab-e agha’ (for male) or ‘ sarkar Khaanom’ (for female).
5.7 EXERCISE-4
In continuation of the above, the following is list of forms of address.
English Persian Persian (pronunciation)
Mr. Ahmad Agha -ye Ahmad &` Sa Mr. Naaser Agha -ye Naser *7 c Sa Mr. Sadegh Agha -ye Saadegh Q% 7 Sa Miss Naahid Khaanom-e Naahid & c ^c # Miss Fatemeh Khaanom-e Fatemeh `= O ^c # Mr. Engineer Agha-ye Mohandes -&T_ Sa Mr. Chairman Agha-ye Rayees . ) Sa Miss Manager Khaanom-e Modir * &_ ^c # 46
I In the School Miss Doctor Khaanom-e Pezeshk *% ^c # Mr. Ambassador Agha-ye Safir * P/ Sa Madam Professor Khaanom Sarkaar % / ^c # ) */ Ostaad
Note: In the above examples Miss / Mrs. / Madam (for female) would be same in Persian as Khaanom / Khaanom Sarkaar as per the situation.
5.8 EXERCISE-5
The following EXERCISEs are designed to make you more acquainted with the above.
English Persian Persian (pronunciation)
Mr. Ahmad came. Agha - ye Ahmad aamad &_a &` Sa
Mr. Nasir sang Agha -ye Naser aavaaz &c # + a *7 c Sa khaand
Mr. Saadegh ate. Agha -ye Saadegh %)# Q% 7 Sa khurd. Miss Naahid went. Khaanom-e Naahid raft O) & c ^c # Miss Fatemeh read Khaanom-e Fatemeh &c # `= O ^c # khaand Mr. Engineer saw Agha-ye Mohandes did & % -&T_ Sa Mr. Chairman said. Agha-ye Rayees goft P . ) Sa Miss Manager wrote. Khaanom-e Modir 3c * &_ ^c # newesht Mr. Ambassador Janab-e aaghaa-ye Safir %_*O * P/ Sa T: told. farmud Madam Professor Sarkaar Khaanom -)% % / ^c # ) */ taught. Ostaad dars dad % %
5.9 EXERCISE-6
These Exercises are designed to make you more acquainted with the Persian greetings and goodbye .
English Persian Persian (pronunciation)
Good morning! Mr. sob’h bekhair, Agha - &` Sa * $ 7 Ahmad ye Ahmad 47
Reading and Writing-I Good day Mr. Nasir Ruz bekhair Agha -ye *7 c Sa * $ +) Nasr Good afternoon Mr. asr bekhair Agha -ye Sa * $ *8G Saadegh Saadegh Q% 7 Good evening Miss shab bekhair & c ^c # * $ *8G Naahid Khaanom-e Naahid
Goodbye Miss Khodaa hefez `= O ^c # BO &# Fatemeh Khaanom-e Fatemeh Good morning Mr. sob’hbekhair aaghaa- Sa * $ 7 Engineer ye Mohandes -&T_ Good day Mr. ruz bekhair aaghaa-ye . ) Sa * $ +) Chairman Rayees Good afternoon Miss asr bekhair Khaanom- * &_ ^c # * $ *8G Manager e Modir Good evening Miss shab bekhair *% ^c # * $ 3 Doctor Khaanom-e Pezeshk Goodbye Mr. khodaa haafez Janab-e Sa T: BO &# Ambassador aaghaa-ye Safir * P/ Hello Madam salaam Khaanom % / ) */ ^c # ]/ Professor Sarkaar Ostaad
Note: salaam can also be used as an alternative of all above greetings except goodbye.
5.10 TABLE
Following is a list of Persian infinitive ( masder )
Persian Persian English (pronunciation)
Aamadan a&_a to come Aavaz khaandan a&c # + a to sing Khordan a%)# to eat Raftan bO) to go Khaandan a&c # to read Didan a& % to see
48
I In the School Goftan bP to say / tell / talk Neweshtan b3c to write Farmoudan a%_*O to say / tell Daadan a% % to give
Note: all the forms of verb in Persian are derived from the above or infinitive (masder ). Beside that many other forms of words are also derived from masder .
5.11 EXERCISE-7
Below is some more practices and examples for your practice in Persian conversation utilizing above mentioned words.
English Persian Persian (pronunciation) Hello my friend salaam doust-e man b_ /%: ]/ Goodbye Mr. Ahmad khodaa haafez aaghaa- &` Sa BO &# ye Ahmad Yes Madam bale Khaanom #^c \
No Sir Nakhair agha / a *S - Sa * $ c ghorban Excuse me Doctor Bebakhshid aaghaa-ye *% Sa & 4$ duktor Please Miss Naahid lotfan Khaanom-e & c ^c # 5 P@[ Naahid Thank you Mr. motashakkeram . ) Sa ]*4_ Chairman aaghaa-ye rayees OK Mr. Nasir bashe aaghaa-ye Nasr *7 c Sa 3 Do you mind Mr. Eshkaal nadaare Sa ) &c Y 3 Saadegh? aaghaa-ye Saadegh? Q% 7 That’s OK Madam khahish mikonam ^T_ 2 # Khaanom
5.12 EXERCISE-8
See the following sentences and write their Persian:
Aaghaa-ye Naaser medaad daad Mr. Nasir gave pencil. Ostaad ketaab khaand. the teacher read book. 49
Reading and Writing-I Ou be class aamad. he came in the class. Shagerd (be) ketaabKhaane raft. student went to library Ahmad injaaa aamad. Ahmad came here. Ou injaaa ast He is here. 5.13 EXERCISE-9
Translate the following into Persian using your previous knowledge of words and grammar:
School is clean. …………………………………………… This is his signature. …………………………………………… My school is closed. …………………………………………… Your school is open. …………………………………………… My school is there. …………………………………………… He wrote letter. …………………………………………… His letter came. …………………………………………… He came tonight. …………………………………………… She went yesterday. …………………………………………… He read today. …………………………………………… My teacher told day before …………………………………………… yesterday. Madam Fatemeh taught today. …………………………………………… She is here today. …………………………………………… Hello my friend! This is garden …………………………………………… Goodbye Sir. …………………………………………… Yes, I read that book. …………………………………………… No, he went there …………………………………………… Excuse me, he is teacher? …………………………………………… Please, Mr. Mohit. …………………………………………… Thank you, Manager. …………………………………………… Do you mind? Sir …………………………………………… That’s OK sister. …………………………………………… OK my friend ……………………………………………
50
I 5.14 WRITING SKILLS In the School
Transliterate the following into Persian script which is designed for your practice and would help you to improve your writing skill in Persian:
Salam Ruz Khodaa haafez Asr Bale Khoda Aare Hafez Khair Sob’h bekhair Na Ruz bekhair Bashe Asr bekhair Eshtebaah Shab bekhair Tamiz Khodaa haafez Baste Bebakhshid Baaz Lotfan Naame Motashakkeram Shab Mamnunam Ruz Bale Amshab Agha Diruz Janab Emrouz Khaanom Farada Sarkar Pas Khaanom Pas-Fardaa Janab-e agha Shagerd Sarkar Khaanom Ustad Agha -ye Ahmad Class Agha -ye Nasr Ketaab Agha -ye Saadegh Daftar Khaanom-e Naahid Medaad Khaanom-e Fatemeh Ketaab Khaane KetaabKhaane Muze Dars sob’h
51
Reading and Writing-I 5.15 REVISION
Write the 32 alphabets of Persian, its English transliteration and English equivalent. First line done for you.
(Persian alphabet) (English Transliteration) (English alphabet)
Alif a
5.16 EXERCISE-1
Write the Persian infinitive ( masdar ) of following into Persian.
To come ……………………………………………
To sing ……………………………………………
To eat ……………………………………………
To go ……………………………………………
To read ……………………………………………
To see ……………………………………………
To say ……………………………………………
To write ……………………………………………
To talk ……………………………………………
To give ……………………………………………
5.17 EXERCISE-2
As mentioned earlier Masdar is the source of all forms of verbs. Generally, masdar ends with two alphabets i.e. dal and nun ( dan ) or te and nun ( tan ). By removing the last alphabet, masdar may be converted into wahid ghayeb (third person singular) of gozashta-ye sade (simple past) for example aamad (from aamad + (a)n) means he / she came, raft (raft + (a)n) means he / she went. Here (a) denotes vowel. The following example would be helpful for you to understand the above:
"&2"-'3' how to pronounce / *"4$2 %4"5!6 (3 rd person singular) of / %)7"&4+"85!'&"2! (simple past) with meaning
a&_a Aamadan &_a aamad he / she came
a%*/ Sarudan %*/ sarud he / she sang 52
I In the School a%)# Khurdan %)# khurd he / she ate bO) Raftan O) raft he / she went a&c # Khwandan &c # khaand he / she read a& % Deedan & % deed he / she saw bP Goftan P goft he / she said / talked b3c Neweshtan 3c newisht he / she wrote a%_*O Farmudan %_*O farmud he / she told a% % Dadan % % dad he / she gave
5.18 EXERCISE-3
Convert any ten Masadir (plural of masdar ) into %)7"&4+"85!'&"2! (simple past) as you read above
53
Reading and Writing-I Things Around You UNIT 6 THINGS AROUND YOU , `3 M *= )% (Cheezhayedar atraaf-e Shomaa)
Structure
6.0 Objectives 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Revision 6.3 New words 6.4 Exercise-1 6.5 Exercise-2 6.6 Exercise-3 6.7 Exercise-4 6.8 Exercise-5 6.9 Exercise-6 6.10 Exercise-7 6.11 Exercise-8 6.12 Exercise-9 6.13 Exercise-10 6.14 Exercise-11 6.15 Exercise-12 6.16 Revision-1 6.17 Revision-2
6.0 OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this unit is to enable you to learn some common and frequently used Persian words related to our surrounding Vis-a-Vis improving your skill to write and speak Persian. The unit is supported by many EXERCISEs to build up your learning.
6.1 INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will learn ten new Persian words and their uses. These are very common and frequently used words. Besides, the forms of articles in Persian are also explained. The unit contains some EXERCISEs to enhance and consolidate your learning process and make you completely familiar with these common Persian words. The attempt has been made to ensure the practice of writing by 54
I giving EXERCISEs. Let us start with a quick revision of some Persian words Things Around You you have learnt in the previous unit.
6.2 REVISION
Read the following Persian words loudly:
!"#$#%& '("#&)$*!("*$+# ,!(&$"#-.+(/& Pen khodkaar ) %# Pencil medaad % &_ Library KetaabKhaane c $ Museum muze + _ Mistake Eshtebaah 3 Clean tamiz , ` Signature imza 3 <_ Closed baste 0 Today emrouz +*_ Tomorrow Fardaa %*O Day after tomorrow pas-Fardaa %*O . Opposite moghaabel Z T_ Here injaa A There aanjaa ca North Shomaal Y `3 South jonoub A East shargh Q*3 West gharb *K Tree derakht #)% Garden baagh I Road / street khyaabaan a # Lane kouche Traffic lights cheragh-a qirmaz ,_*S I * Village rousta / deh % / /) Shop Maghaaze + L_ 55
Reading and Writing-I Things Around You Bus stop istgah -e utubus - P 0 : Train qataar ) @S Railway station istgah -e ghatar ) @S 0 Sun aftab Oa Moon mah _
6.3 NEW WORDS
In this unit you will learn 10 new Persian words about our surrounding:
!"#$#%& '("#&)$*!("*$+# ,!(&$"#-.+(/& City centre markz-e shahr *3 P,*_: Airport forudgah %*O Platform sakko /; Hotel hotel Z Countryside rousta /) Mountain Kouh Market baazaar ) + Post office Edaare-e post 0 őP) % Bank bank c Town square maidan-e shahr *3 Pa & _: Note: ! "#$%!&'(!&)*"+!& !,'$",!-&."#-/0&1(!2&.$33&!,)*3!&2"4&'"&-!5$,!&2"4#& /6(""30&
6.4 EXERCISE-1
Give the meaning of the following words in Persian:
English Persian English Persian City centre Airport Platform Hotel Countryside Mountain Market Post office Bank Town square
56
I 6.5 EXERCISE-2 Things Around You
In continuation of the above, a few more words are given in the following to make you acquainted with the Persian words about surrounding.
Airplane hawapaima ` Ticket Belit > \ City shahr *3 Cinema sinema A ` / Statue mojassame `0 _ Police police . \ Embassy sefaarat ) P/ Public toilet towaalet-e omumi _`GP [:
Beggar geda & Park Paark )
6.6 EXERCISE-3
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First of all read the following:
English Persian (pronunciation) Persian
What che
Who ki
Why chera *
Where koja
When key
Which Kodaam ] & 57
Reading and Writing-I 6.7 EXERCISE-4 Things Around You
There are a few sentences using the above words.
What is this? In chist(=chi + ast)? 2P0 Pb Who is he / she? Ou ki hast? 2P/ PP Why is the bank closed? Chera bank baste ast? 2P/ 0 Pc P * Where is the hotel? Hotel koja-ast? 2P/ PZ When does the airplane Hawaapaima key P+ * P ` parwaaz mi-konad? fly? 2&A _
Which is the best? Kodaam behtar ast? 2P/ * P] & City centre is big. markz-e shahr bozorg / P), *3 P,*_: ast. Airport is nearby. Forudgah nazdik ast. ɜP/ P %,c %*O
Countryside is far away. Roustaa dur ast. ɜP/ P)%P /) Mountain is high. Kuh boland ast. ɜP/ P&A\ I saw Cinema. Man sinemaa ra ɜP]& % ) ` A/Pb_ didam. I went to the Embassy. Man be sefaarat ɜ ^O)P) P/ Pb_ raftam. Park is beautiful. Park zibaa ast. ɜ / P +P )
6.8 EXERCISE-5
Make inquisitive sentences in Persian using the following words. Roustaa ( /) ) Kouh ( ) Bazaar () + ) edaare-e post (0 ) % ) bank (c ) maidaan-e shahr (*3 Pa & _: ) sinemaa ( `A / ) Mojassame 58 (`0 _ )
I Sefaarat () P/ ) Things Around You tovalet-e omumi (_`G [ ) gedaa ( & )
6.9 EXERCISE-6
Make twenty simple sentences in Persian using the words you have learnt in this unit.
1. 2. 3. 5. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 15. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19 20. 6.10 EXERCISE-7
Here different ways of expressing articles like ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ in Persian is explained for your understanding.
1. Placing the word ‘yek’ …….. (one) before a noun gives the meaning of the indefinite articles ‘a’ and ‘an’ for example: I saw a book today.
9 #"4%& ),&2!A&D!'))*&#))&-$-) 0 ɜP]& %P )P P Pb_P+*_ ! 59
Reading and Writing-I 2. Similarly, placing –yek (……………. ) after a noun also makes the Things Around You noun indefinite, for example:
I saw a book today. 9 #"4%&A!'))*E$&#))&-$-) 0& ɜ ]& %P )P P+*_ ! 3. But, when noun is not marked by ‘ek’ or ‘ye’ is indefinite, for example: I saw the book. F),&A!'))*&#))&-$-) 0& & ɜP]& %P )P Pb_ Note: the above mentioned explanation denotes that y !A&G&2! (………. / ……..) are for the articles ‘a’ and ‘an’; and ‘the’ does not require any.
6.11 EXERCISE- 8
The following are the expressions which you may listen while going around. These are given here to make you more acquainted with the words required to express, understand and communicate:
Majjaaniy-e (= majani + ast) / Pc _ it’s free. Movaafegh-am ^TO _ I agree. Mokhaalef-am ^P[ $_ I don’t agree. Hatman 5P ` sure. Kamelan dorost-e (dorost + ast) / /)%P 5_ very true / absolutely right Dorost nist 0 cP/)% that’s not true. Albatte [ of course. Be hich waj’h P P no way. Pas injur ) A P. is that so. 6.12 EXERCISE- 9
Translate the following sentences into Persian expressing articles like ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’.
1. He is a boy 2. She is a girl. 3. This is a City centre 4. That is the Airport 5. Where is the Hotel
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I 6. That is the Mountain Things Around You 7. This is a market 8. I am in a Post office 9. Where is a bank 10. This is an umbrella
6.13 EXERCISE-10
Answer the following questions in Persian:
1. In chist? 2. Bank koja ast? 3. Aayaa to emrouz be baazaar rafti? 4. Ahmad key be dabestaan aamad? 5. Kodaam Ketaab raa kharidi? 6. Kuh-e Himala kudaam taraf ast? 7. Ki Aanjaaa raft? 8. Ou chera be hotel raft? 9. Aan dokhtar ki hast? 10. Namey Shomaa chist? 11. Khaanom chera sinema raft? 12. To koja boodi? 13. Madrat key aamad? 14. Kudaam shahr zibaa ast? 15. Mojassame koja ast? 6.14 EXERCISE-11
Write a note about your surrounding and your daily engagements utilizing your knowledge of words and grammar which you have learnt so far. This EXERCISE will help you to revise your all previous lessons and is meant to develop confidence in you. Besides, it is aimed to develop your urge to learn further.
6.15 EXERCISE-12
Try to learn the following infinitives to enrich your vocabulary.
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Reading and Writing-I Things Around You "&/"( how to pronounce !"#$#%&
a%* - Kardan to do b#*O Forukhtan to sell a& 8S) Raghsidan to dance a& /) Rasidan to reach a&c ) Randan to drive a% O Oftaadan to fall a& 4$ Bakhshidan to forgive b# A3 Shenaakhtan toknow (someone) b0c % Daanestan to know (something) b03 Shekastan to break a& 4 Kashidan to pull a& /* Porsidan to question a& `O Fahmidan to understand a& # Khaabidan to sleep a&3 Shodan to be
6.16 REVISION-1
Convert the above mentioned infinitives ( )/)-$# ) into .)($-&8()2!* of H"%)/(')E2!&/))-! (simple past) as you have done in the previous unit.
"&/"( pronounciation KP & : % /P3( 6.17 REVISION-2
Read the following Persian words loudly:
Meanings Transliteration Persian words
Below zeer * +
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I Things Around You On ru’ye / bar * ɜP)
Over bala
In dar / dakhil / tu ɜPZ# % P)%ɜ
Inside indaroon / tu / dakhil Z# % ɜP ɜPa)&c
Outside birun a*
With / alongside ba / hamrah *` P ɜ
Without bedun a&
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