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Preguntas Más Frecuentes De Freebsd 2.X, 3.X Y 4.X

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Preguntas Más Frecuentes De Freebsd 2.X, 3.X Y 4.X Preguntas más frecuentes de FreeBSD 2.X, 3.X y 4.X Proyecto de documentacion de FreeBSD Preguntas más frecuentes de FreeBSD 2.X, 3.X y 4.X por Proyecto de documentacion de FreeBSD Publicado $FreeBSD: doc/es_ES.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml,v 1.16 2001/08/05 19:50:03 jesusr Exp $ Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 por The FreeBSD Documentation Project Ésta es la FAQ de FreeBSD versión 2.X, 3.X y 4.X Todas las secciones están dirigidas a FreeBSD 2.0.5 y superiores. Los capítulos con <XXX> están bajo construcción. Si estás interesado en colaborar en este proyecto, envía un e-mail a la lista de distribución del proyecto de documentación de FreeBSD (en inglés) Lista del proyecto de documentación de FreeBSD <[email protected]> o a la dirección [email protected] (mailto:[email protected]) en castellano. La última versión de este documento está siempre disponible en el Mirror español de FreeBSD (http://www.es.FreeBSD.org/es/). Puede obtenerse como un único archivo en formato HTML (book.html) vía HTTP o en formato texto, postscript o PDF desde el servidor FTP de FreeBSD (ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc). También se pueden hacer búsquedas en las FAQ (http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/search.html). La redistribución y uso en fuente (SGML DocBook) y formatos ’compilados’ (SGML, HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF y cualquier otro) con o sin modificación, esta permitida siempre y cuando se cumplan las siguientes condiciones: 1. La redistribución del código fuente (SGML DocBook) debe contener esta información de copyright, esta lista de condiciones y el siguiente texto como las primeras líneas del fichero sin modificar. 2. La redistribución en formatos compilados (transformado a otros DTDs, convertidos a PDF, PostScript, RTF y otros formatos) debe reproducir el siguiente texto de copyright, esta lista de condiciones y el siguiente texto en la documentación y/u otros materiales entregados con la distribución. Importante: THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. Tabla de contenidos 1. Introducción ..............................................................................................................................................................4 2. Instalación..................................................................................................................................................................1 3. Compatibilidad hardware ......................................................................................................................................13 4. Problemas ................................................................................................................................................................25 5. Aplicaciones Comerciales.......................................................................................................................................32 6. Aplicaciones de usuario ..........................................................................................................................................36 7. Configuración del Kernel .......................................................................................................................................39 8. Administración de sistema .....................................................................................................................................42 9. El sistema X Windows y las consolas virtuales ....................................................................................................61 10. Networking ............................................................................................................................................................70 11. PPP .........................................................................................................................................................................77 12. Comunicaciones serie............................................................................................................................................92 13. Preguntas varias..................................................................................................................................................102 14. Sólo para hackers serios de FreeBSD................................................................................................................106 15. AGRADECIMIENTOS ......................................................................................................................................116 3 Capítulo 1. Introducción ¡Bienvenido a la FAQ de FreeBSD 2.X-4.X! Como es habitual con las FAQ de los grupos de noticias (USENET), este documento pretende abarcar las preguntas más frecuentes referentes al sistema operativo FreeBSD (¡y por supuesto contestarlas!). Pensadas en un principio para reducir el tráfico y evitar que se hagan las mismas preguntas una y otra vez, las FAQ se han convertido en un valorado recurso de obtención de información. Todo el esfuerzo se ha hecho en intentar que esta FAQ sea lo más informativa posible; si tienes cualquier comentario o sugerencia, por favor, envía un mail a FAQ maintainer (mailto:[email protected]). 1. ¿Qué es FreeBSD? De manera resumida, FreeBSD 2.X es un sistema operativo UNIX indirectamente basado en el port de Net/2 para i386 de Berkeley (conocido como 386BSD) realizado por William Jolitz’s. Una descripción más detallada de FreeBSD y de cómo puede trabajar, se encuentra en FreeBSD home page (http://www.FreeBSD.org/).**** FreeBSD es usado por compañías, proveedores de Internet, profesionales de la informática, estudiantes y usuarios particulares de todo el mundo en su trabajo, educación y ocio. Puedes ver a algunos de ellos en FreeBSD Gallery. (http://www.FreeBSD.org/gallery.html) Para información más detallada sobre FreeBSD, por favor mira en FreeBSD Handbook. (../../handbook/index.html) 2. ¿Cuál es el objetivo de FreeBSD? El objetivo del Proyecto FreeBSD es proveer software que pueda ser usado en todos los ámbitos sin ningún tipo de atadura. Muchos de nosotros estamos significativamente involucrados en el desarrollo del código (y del proyecto) y no sería cierto decir que no esperábamos o esperamos algún tipo de financiación, pero definitivamente no estamos preparados para insistir en ello. Creemos que nuestra primera y principal “misión” es proporcionar el código libre- mente, y en cualquier ámbito, para que el código se difunda lo más posible y genere los mayores beneficios. Esto es, creemos en uno de los objetivos fundamentales del Software Libre y lo apoyamos de manera incondicional. El código fuente de los programas registrados bajo la GNU General Public License (GPL) o la GNU Library General Public License (LGPL), se proporciona bajo las condiciones fijadas por esas licencias. Debido a complicaciones adicionales en el uso comercial de Software GPL, intentamos reemplazar ese software por otros registrados bajo el copyright BSD, menos estricto y más permisivo. 3. ¿Por qué se llama FreeBSD? • Este sistema debe ser usado libremente, sin coste alguno incluso para fines comerciales. 4 Capítulo 1. Introducción • El código fuente completo del sistema operativo es de libre distribución, y se han establecido el menor número posible de restricciones para su uso, distribución e incorporación a otras aplicaciones (comerciales o no). • Cualquier persona que tenga alguna sugerencia de mejora y/o “parche” de algún “bug”, es libre de enviar el código y que éste sea añadido al código fuente de la distribución original (sujeto a una o dos condiciones obvias). Para todos nuestros lectores cuyo primer lenguaje no sea el inglés, aclaremos que la palabra “free” es usada en dos sentidos, uno significando “sin coste” y el otro “puedes hacer lo que quieras”. Aparte de una o dos cosas que no puedes hacer con el código de FreeBSD, por ejemplo decir que lo has escrito, realmente puedes hacer lo que quieras con él. 4. ¿Cuál es la última versión de FreeBSD? La versión 3.4R (ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/3.4-RELEASE) es la última -stable; fue declarada definitiva (a partir de ahora “release”) en Diciembre de 1999. Brevemente explicado, -stable está dirigido a proveedores de Internet y otros usuarios corporativos que quieren estabilidad y una sucesión tranquila en los cambios y actualizaciones a las nuevas versiones y sus mejoras. Sólo debes usar la rama -current si estás seguro de estar preparado para su mayor “volatilidad” (relativa a -stable). Las versiones Release se hacen cada varios meses. Aunque mucha gente mantiene más al día los fuentes de FreeBSD (lee las preguntas en FreeBSD-current y FreeBSD-stable, ello está pensado para gente que se considere preparada para seguir el desarrollo continuo del código fuente. 5. ¿Qué es FreeBSD-current? FreeBSD-current (../../handbook/cutting-edge.html#CURRENT) es la versión de desarrollo del sistema
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