Centenary Service 1915–2015 Gallipoli Campaign Commemorations

1 IMAGE CREDITS

Modern images of the Gallipoli Peninsula appearing in this publication are taken from the collection of the New Zealand Defence Force.

Front and back cover image: Brown, Ion G., b 1943: The battle of Chunuk Bair, 8 August 1915. The sesquicentennial gift to the nation from the New Zealand Defence Force. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand.

Above: New Zealand Defence Force personnel walk up the recently upgraded New Zealand Track to Chunuk Bair, April 2015 The New Zealand Government particularly acknowledges the considerable cooperation and assistance of the Government of the Republic of Turkey, the Governor of Çanakkale and the District Governors of Eceabat and Gelibolu.

Produced by the New Zealand Defence Force on behalf of the New Zealand Government.

Contents

07 Th e Battle for Chunuk Bair

15 Th e New Zealand Memorial and cemeteries at Chunuk Bair

19 oRDER of Service

31 C eremonial Protocols and National Anthems Quinn’s Post 8.10pm 5/8/15 My Sweetheart In less that 2 hours, we move off the valley, where we will be up all night and tomorrow, in readiness for a big attack which will start tomorrow night. Everything promises well and victory should rest with us. God grant it so, and that our casualties will not be too heavy. I expect to go thro’ all right but, dear wife, if anything untoward happens to me, you must not grieve too much, there are our dear children to be brought up… …I am prepared for death, and hope that God will have forgiven me all my sins. My desire for life, so that I may see and be with you again, could not be greater, but I have only done what every man was bound to do in our country’s need. It has been a great consolation to me that you approved my action. The sacrifice was really yours. May you be consoled and rewarded by our dear Lord.

Your loving husband W.G.MALONE

Excerpt of one of Lieutenant Colonel William Malone’s last letters to his wife taken from the publication ‘No Better Death: The Great War diaries and letters of William G. Malone’ edited by John Crawford, 2014

6 THE BATTLE FOR CHUNUK BAIR The Battle for Chunuk Bair was the New Zealand Expeditionary Forces’ (NZEF) most significant action in the Gallipoli Campaign. The battle, which took place from 6–10 August, was part of the August Offensive, in which the Allies attempted to seize the Sari Bair heights from Ottoman forces on the Gallipoli Peninsula. The Wellington Battalion initially seized Chunuk Bair on 8 August, but it and other New Zealand units suffered extremely heavy losses. Chunuk Bair was eventually lost on 10 August after sustained Ottoman counterattacks.

The Gallipoli Landings as the “Daisy Patch”. Both charges and Lead up to the were unsuccessful and resulted in August Offensive 835 casualties. Ottoman forces launched a major offensive against the 25 April 1915 Anzac area on 19 May, with 10,000 New Zealanders and Australians facing The NZEF came ashore at what an attacking force of 40,000 Ottomans, became known as Anzac Cove, as part which resulted in approximately 10,000 of the Allied invasion of the Gallipoli Ottoman casualties and roughly 650 Peninsula. The Ottoman defence of ANZAC casualties. In June and July Gallipoli was stronger than anticipated. attempts were made to break through The Allied forces dug in and tried the lines at Helles. reinforce their tenuous positions on the Peninsula. In May the New Zealand These attacks all proved unsuccessful, and Australian Division attacked the and plans began being developed for hill known as Baby 700 in a poorly a major offensive in the Anzac area planned and uncoordinated offensive to take place in August. Lieutenant- that was ultimately unsuccessful, the General Sir Ian Hamilton, commander Division suffering approximately 1,000 of the Mediterranean Expeditionary casualties. Subsequent attempts by Force at Gallipoli, devised a plan for the Allies to gain more ground in the this offensive, which involved a mixture ANZAC sector and at Helles, to the of diversionary attacks and genuine south, proved generally unsuccessful. assaults on Ottoman positions from New Zealand, Australian, British, 8 May 1915 and French troops. What would be The New Zealand forces that had called the August Offensive, of which been shifted to the Helles area made the Battle for Chunuk Bair was an two charges to attack Ottoman trench important part, was slated to take positions across what became known place from 6 August.

8 The August Offensive and Old No. 3 Post, Big Table Top, Battle for Chunuk Bair Destroyer Hill and Little Table Top. The Otago Mounted Rifles suffering The first stage of the August Offensive some 100 casualties capturing the fifth took place on 6 August with the feature, Bauchop’s Hill. Australian forces attacking Lone Pine and diversionary attacks from British ...sunrise on 7 August and French forces at Cape Helles. The diversionary attacks at Helles At sunrise on 7 August the Brigade were unsuccessful, while the Australian was still waiting for the other part of attack at Lone Pine proved more the column to arrive. The attack went effective. Although the Australians ahead nevertheless and the Auckland suffered more than 2,000 casualties Battalion managed to advance within over the four days from 6 to 10 August, 200 metres of the summit with heavy they ultimately succeeded in capturing casualties. The Wellington Battalion, Ottoman trenches at Lone Pine. led by Lieutenant Colonel William Malone, were ordered to follow, but ...6/7 August 1915 Malone reputedly refused to sacrifice his men in broad daylight, instead During the night of 6/7 August insisting on an attack under cover the New Zealand Mounted Rifles, of darkness. New Zealand Engineers, the Native Contingent and British troops cleared the foothills in front of the Sari Bair Range, but took longer than planned to achieve what was a very demanding task. The plan for the right and left columns to take the Range soon came apart when the left column got lost in the darkness, and the right column never properly formed. The right column’s two parts, including the New Zealand Infantry Brigade, were supposed to meet on Rhododendron Spur before advancing on to Chunuk Bair from a position that became known as The Apex. Despite this confusion the New Zealand Mounted Rifles and Native Contingent managed to capture four of the five key features that were assigned to them –

9 The battle fOR chunuk bair Wellington Battalion was relieved only 70 of the 760 men who went up came Early on 8 August the Wellington back unscathed, the rest had either Battalion advanced to the summit been killed or wounded. Lieutenant of Chunuk Bair and successfully Colonel Malone was among those captured it. Ottoman forces still held killed. In desperate, close quarter the rest of the heights and were able fighting the Otago Infantry and to unleash heavy fire on The Apex and Wellington Mounted Rifles successfully Chunuk Bair. The two British battalions defended their positions on Chunuk that followed the Wellingtons up Bair during 9 August Chunuk Bair suffered heavy losses and played little part in the subsequent On 10 August the British troops who fighting. The Wellington Battalion was had replaced the New Zealanders on isolated from the rest of the Allied Chunuk Bair were overwhelmed by a line, and the casualties suffered from massive Ottoman counter-attack led artillery, machine-gun and rifle fire from by Mustafa Kemal, who would later the Ottoman forces at nearby Hill Q become Atatürk, the founder of the and Battleship Hill were enormous. modern Republic of Turkey. The Allies There was also the added risk of never regained Chunuk Bair or any of friendly fire from Allied artillery and gun the surrounding heights again. Despite fire from Allied ships, all of which was initial success, the August Offensive aimed at breaking up Ottoman infantry proved impossible to play out. assaults. Allied land-based artillery and naval gunfire provided vital support to the troops on Chunuk Bair, but shells did sometimes fall short causing losses to the Allied forces. Because of the isolation it was also difficult to supply or reinforce the troops on Chunuk Bair. Eventually however the Battalion was reinforced by elements of the Auckland Mounted Rifles. They managed to hold the summit of Chunuk Bair for 24 hours, under relentless fire from Ottoman forces. During the night of 8/9 August the Wellington Battalion was relieved by the Otago Battalion and Wellington Mounted Rifles. By the time the

10 > Malone on Walker’s Ridge. Ref: 2006.575-8. National Army Museum Collection

11 Aftermath of the Battle and Legacy After the failure of the August Offensive New Zealand troops were involved in a small number of other actions at Gallipoli, notably the attempts to clear Ottoman troops from Hill 60 on 21 and 27 August. The Hill 60 attacks resulted in high casualties for no gain. In September the New Zealanders were sent to the island of Lemnos to recuperate. Following this recuperation period they were sent back to Gallipoli in November. By this time it had become clear to Allied command that the Gallipoli Campaign was a failure, and plans were made for evacuation of all Allied troops from the Peninsula. This plan was put into action between December 1915 and January 1916, and was a success, without a single casualty during the evacuation. During the fighting in August New Zealand forces suffered over 2,000 casualties, with approximately 870 New Zealanders killed during the August Offensive (6–10 August) alone. Most of the New Zealanders who died in between 6–10 August were never identified and are not buried in named graves. The New Zealand Memorial at Chunuk Bair lists the 849 New Zealanders who fell at Chunuk Bair and who have no known grave. The cemetery at Chunuk Bair contains 632 Commonwealth burials, many of whom are memorialised on the New Zealand Memorial. Of these burials only ten are identified.

12 The Battle for Chunuk Bair was the first time in which Ma-ori went into battle under the New Zealand flag. The Native Contingent would become the New Zealand Pioneer Battalion in 1916, the precursor to the Ma-ori Battalion in the Second World War. The Contingent played an important role in clearing the approaches to Chunuk Bair prior to the New Zealand assault on the summit, and capturing key features prior to the main attack on Chunuk Bair. The Contingent also worked to reinforce the positions won once Chunuk Bair was captured by the Wellington Battalion. The Native Contingent was a small unit to begin with, and during the Battle for Chunuk Bair 17 men were killed, and 89 wounded. In the five months the Native Contingent was at Gallipoli it was decimated, with only 134 out of the original 477 members remaining at the evacuation. New Zealand’s only Victoria Cross of the Gallipoli Campaign was awarded at Chunuk Bair, to Corporal Cyril Bassett of the New Zealand Divisional Signal Company. Under relentless Ottoman fire Bassett continued laying and repairing the telephone wires which were essential for communication between the summit of Chunuk Bair and headquarters below. Chunuk Bair is also an important historical event and site for the Turkish people, partly due to its connection to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Today the New Zealand Memorial shares Chunuk Bair with a memorial to Atatürk, and tens of thousands of Turks visit the site every year, along with a large number of New Zealanders. There is now an official New Zealand walking track leading from No.2 Outpost up to Chunuk Bair, which traces the route the New Zealanders took to seize Chunuk Bair in August 1915.

13 > Ma-ori Contingent, No 1 Outpost, Gallipoli, Turkey. Read, J C :Images of the Gallipoli campaign. Ref: 1/4- 058101-F. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. http://natlib.govt.nz/records/22330949 The New Zealand Memorial and cemeteries at Chunuk Bair 16 The New Zealand Battlefield Memorial The New Zealand Battlefield Memorial is a towering obelisk, standing on the summit of Chunuk Bair, Gallipoli. The site was chosen because the memorial could be seen from the sea on both sides of the Peninsula. It has a narrow slit (through which the rising sun shines on 8 August) and is built using limestone from a nearby quarry. The Memorial, nearly 14 metres tall, tapering from 6 metres at the base to 3 metres at the top, was designed by Christchurch- based architect, Samuel Hurst Seagar (1855–1933). Seagar also designed the New Zealand memorials at Longueval and Le Quesnoy in France, and Mesen/ Messines in Belgium. This Memorial was unveiled on 12 May 1925 by General Sir Alexander Godley, the commander of the New Zealand and Australian Division and, briefly, of the ANZAC at Gallipoli; the New Zealand High Commissioner in Britain, Sir James Allen, who had been Minister of Defence in 1915; Major-General Sir Andrew Russell, the commander of the New Zealand Mounted Rifle Brigade at Gallipoli and later commander of the New Zealand Division in France; and Medjid Bey and Ismail Hakki Bey, the governors of Gallipoli and Chanak (Çanakkale) respectively, along with a crowd of about 400 people. The New Zealand Government thanks the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Commonwealth War Graves Commission for their support to extend the New Zealand Memorial’s plinth in time for the First World War Centenary commemorations.

> Top: Site of the proposed Chunuk Bair memorial, Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey. Dominion Museum: Photographs of war graves at Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. Ref: PAColl-7082-3. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. Bottom:The New Zealand Service at Chunuk Bair, 25 April 2015.

17 Memorial to the Missing and the Lower Cemetery Chunuk Bair is the largest New Zealand Memorial to the Missing on the Gallipoli Peninsula. New Zealanders are also listed on memorials to the missing at Lone Pine, Hill 60, Twelve Tree Copse, and Cape Helles. For all First World War casualties, the New Zealand Government chose to commemorate unidentified soldiers as close as possible to the battlefield where they fell. The memorial was designed by British architect Sir John Burnet (1857–1938) and bears more than 850 names. The Lower Cemetery (or Chunuk Bair Cemetery) was made after the Armistice on the site where the Turks had buried some of those Commonwealth soldiers who were killed between 6–8 August. It contains 632 Commonwealth burials, only ten of which are identified by headstones at the foot of cemetery.

> Above: New Zealand Memorial to the Missing at Chunuk Bair, 2015.

18 The battle for chunuk bair centenary service

> Above: New Zealand Memorial to the Missing at Chunuk Bair, 2015. Music provided by the New Zealand Defence Force Band Captain Graham Hickman, NZAB Director of Music

His Excellency The Governor-General and Her Excellency Lady Janine Mateparae and the Official Party arrive at Lower Cemetery

Karanga and E Muri Ahiahi Members of the New Zealand Defence Force

Their Excellencies and the official party move to the New Zealand Memorial

Introduction

Chaplain Class Two Kevin Brophy, RNZChD Principal Chaplain Operations, New Zealand Defence Force

Catafalque Party Mounts Members of the New Zealand Army

Arrival of Their Excellencies and the Official Party Please stand for the arrival of the official party and the playing of the National Anthem

Arrival of the Regimental Colour of the 5th Wellington, West Coast and Taranaki Battalion Group Carried by the Colour Party from 5/7 Battalion

Bidding and Sentence

Chaplain Class Two Kevin Brophy, RNZChD Principal Chaplain Operations, New Zealand Defence Force

John 15:13 We gather to glorify God who nourishes our world, To remember with thanks those who have loved and died in the service of their country. We seek God’s blessing and help that we all may be worthy of their sacrifice each day of our lives. “Greater love has no-one, than to lay down their lives for their friends.”

20 Call to Remembrance

His Excellency Jonathan Curr New Zealand Ambassador to Turkey

One hundred years ago, this now serene landscape was the scene of a desperate and deadly struggle. We gather here today to honour all those who fought here, and those for whom Chunuk Bair was the setting of life’s final chapter.

On the 8th of August 1915 the Wellington Infantry Battalion occupied Chunuk Bair as part of a broader attack on the Sari Bair range. Together with New Zealand and British reinforcements, they held it for two days amid fierce counter attacks, before Ottoman Turkish soldiers reclaimed the hilltop.

The ultimately fruitless August offensive brought devastating losses to New Zealand, British and Indian troops, to the Australian Light Horse at the Nek, and to the Turkish soldiers defending their homeland.

Within the story of Chunuk Bair are thousands of individual stories. Each and every soldier here, whatever his loyalties, faced gruelling physical challenges and an internal battle against pain and against fear as he sought to do his duty.

Sapper B. L. Dignan, a signaller, described being called on to reinforce the beleaguered Wellington Battalion:

“Well then word came down at daylight for machine guns to go up to Chunuk Bair. We leaped out of our trench. We got a little distance from the Apex when we were really into a hail of bullets from 971 – they spotted us. Men fell all over the place. I just saw them fall, men I had been sleeping with and fighting with and from our own town, lying there, and we couldn’t stop, we had to go on. I got to the top of the hill with a gun and I was the only one that got there. Couldn’t use the gun, no tripod and no ammunition. Well I stayed up there all day and I couldn’t do a thing and men were being wounded and killed all over the place and I spent till dark that night there, and you can imagine the appalling time it was.”

For New Zealand, Chunuk Bair has lasting significance. Not as a military victory – for this was short-lived – but as a time of great fortitude, and a time of terrible grief. The names of eight sets of brothers on the New Zealand memorial to the missing are testimony to the agony of loss suffered by families at home.

21 This battle was also the first in which Māori soldiers were involved in the Great War. They were among the forces who captured a number of the foothills as preparation for the assault on Chunuk Bair. Their courage and resolve was an inspiration to others, and after their success the ‘Kamate’ haka was heard echoing in the hills amid the cheers of the Auckland Mounted Rifles.

One of New Zealand’s casualties here was Lieutenant-Colonel William Malone, the commander of the Wellington Battalion – a man hugely respected by those under his command and still recognised today for his leadership and the care that he took of his men.

Malone had written to his wife three nights before the attack at Chunuk Bair. It was his last letter to her:

“I expect to go thro alright, but dear wife, if anything happens to me you must not grieve too much – there are our dear children to be brought up – You know how I love and have loved you... I am prepared for death and I hope that God will have forgiven me all my sins.”

We acknowledge too the significance of this battle for the people of Turkey and the terrible losses they bore. On both sides, the battle for Chunuk Bair was an epic feat of courage and endurance.

It was here that Mustafa Kemal Ataturk led his troops in a desperate and ultimately successful defence of the high ground. Ataturk is renowned in New Zealand as a great soldier and humanitarian, and a man who in the aftermath of war held out his hand to us in friendship.

We who now walk this earth must never forget that our forebears served in the belief that they were securing the future for us. To keep their stories alive is a responsibility we all carry; indeed, it is the least we can do for them.

One hundred years after those events, we stand here side by side, our old allegiances merged into a common humanity. Under this sacred soil our fallen lie together and they are at peace.

> Right: Corrie, Frank Reginald, d 1915. Trooper Frank Reginald Corrie of Wellington Mounted Rifles, at Chunuk Bair, Gallipoli, Turkey, during World War I. Williams, Charles Athol, b 1899 : Photographs of Te Aute Station, Mangakuri Station, the Williams family, and Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey during World War I. Ref: PAColl-0184-1-006. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand.

22 23 24 Commemorative Address

His Excellency Lieutenant General The Right Honourable Sir Jerry Mateparae, GNZM, QSO Governor-General of New Zealand

Waiata – Aue e Ihu Vocals provided by members of the New Zealand Defence Force

Aue e Ihu tirohia O Jesus look upon me Arohaina iho rā Send down your love Whakaāetia ake au Let me cling Ki tōu uma piri ai … To your breast I te wā e āki ai At the time when Ēnei ngaru kino nei The wild seas crash down I te wā e keri ai At the time when Ēnei āwhā kaha mai. The violent storms break. Tiakina mai ahau Keep me in I te wā e rurea nei The time of trouble Aratakina e koe Lead me into Roto te marino nui … The great calm Aua au e waiho noa Do not forsake me Awhitia mai rā e koe Hold me, Hīpokina iho au Cover me Raro i ōu parirau. Under your wings. Ranea tonu ana mai Always overflowing Tāu aroha atawhai Is your caring love Kaha ana mai ko koe Your power Kia muru i ngā hē … Is to forgive sins Puna o te oranga The well of life Whakahekea tēnei wai Let its water flow freely Kia pupū i roto nei Let it bubble up within Tae noa ki te mutunga. Until the end of time.

Āmīne Amen

> Left: Auckland Infantry Btn dugouts around Walker’s Ridge. Ref:1991.587. National Army Museum collection.

25 Reading

Cyril Bassett VC Citation Read by Corporal (Rtd) Willie Apiata, VC Cyril Royston Guyton Bassett, bank clerk, was born at Auckland on 3 January 1892 and enlisted in the Expeditionary Force on 10 August 1914. He embarked for Egypt with the Main Body, NZEF, in October 1914 as a Sapper, Divisional Signals, NZ Engineers, and landed on Gallipoli with the initial assault troops on 25 April 1915. On 13 August 1915 he was evacuated through illness to the United Kingdom, rejoined his unit in France in June 1916 and was commissioned in September 1917. He was wounded in action in October 1917 and again in March 1918. In July 1940 he resumed service with the national Military Reserve and was mobilised with the New Zealand Corps of Signals in January 1941 as a Captain. He was promoted major in February 1942 and Lieutenant Colonel in April 1942, ceasing service in December 1943 as Commander, Northern District Signals. Bassett died in 1983 aged 91. He was the last surviving Gallipoli Victoria Cross winner. Bassett’s Victoria Cross citation as printed in the London Gazette on 15 October 1915 Bassett, Cyril Royston Guyton 4/515, Corporal, NZ Divisional Signals, NZ Engineers, 1st New Zealand Expeditionary Force “For most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty, on the Chunuk Bair ridge on the Gallipoli peninsula on 7 August 1915. After the New Zealand Infantry Brigade had attacked and established itself on the ridge, Corporal Bassett, in full daylight and under a continuous and heavy fire succeeded in laying a telephone line from the old position to the new one on Chunuk Bair. He has subsequently been brought to notice for further excellent and most gallant work connected with the repair of telephone lines both by day and by night under heavy fire.” On the few occasions Bassett spoke of his Victoria Cross, he stated: “When I got the medal I was disappointed to find I was the only New Zealander to get one at Gallipoli, because hundreds of Victoria Crosses should have been awarded there... All my mates ever got were wooden crosses.”

> Right: Cyril Royston Guyton Bassett. Original photographic prints and postcards from file print collection, Box 7. Ref: PAColl-6001-05. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand.

26 27 Reading

Hon Craig Foss Minister of Veterans’ Affairs New Zealand The 500-strong Ma-ori Contingent landed at Gallipoli at the beginning of July 1915. Desperate to prove their worth as frontline troops, the August offensive became their baptism of fire. Attached to the NZ Mounted Rifles regiments in platoons of 50 men each, they soon lived up to the fighting traditions of their warrior forefathers by overrunning Ottoman trenches on the ridges leading to Chunuk Bair. On the evening of 6 August, just a few hours before the attack commenced, their padre, Chaplain-Captain Wainohu asked his CO for permission to speak to the men. He was about to fulfil the role of tohunga and the ancient custom of summoning Divine assistance before battle. Standing on a slight rise he delivered this speech: “Fellow members of a brave family listen unto me, your elder and adviser in things spiritual and corporeal. My words to you are: be brave, be valiant. Be firm and determined in your hearts and in your minds to win success. Remember you are the descendants of brave and warlike ancestors. You are only a handful of warriors amongst the many thousands of men here.These people are watching you; they are asking within themselves. What manner of men are these who have come from the ends of the earth? Will they justify their presence? So therefore, my brothers, do not forget that the name and honour of the Ma-ori people lies in your hands today – to make or to mar. When you charge the enemy, never turn back, but go on, and on, and on to victory. I know that some of us now here will never again stand together with us. But it would be better for us all to be dead in these hollows and on the tops of these mountains than for a whisper of dishonour to go back to the old people at home. Therefore, my brothers, be of good courage. Be fearless in the face of the enemy and keep up the prestige and high name of the Ma-ori race. You will by your noble deeds light such a fire on the mountains that it can never be quenched. Remember that old ancient proverb of our ancestors: Small and insignificant as is the kopara (native bellbird), yet swings he to and thro on the highest branch of the tallest kahika tree. Accordingly, I desire you to reach the top of those mountains this morning.”

28 Wainohu’s eyes at this point began to well with tears. “I could see in their eyes,” he said, “their grim demeanour and that my words had gone home to everyone like a knife thrust into their heart. I concluded my address with the words of Saul unto David when David went to meet the giant Philistine Goliath: “Go, and the Lord be with thee.” The Ma-ori chaplain then commenced to sing “Au e Ihu” and 500 young men, kitted in fighting array, burst into hymn. Trooper Harry Browne of the Wellington Mounted Rifles described the scene: “... the hymn “Jesus Lover of My Soul” was sung in Ma-ori, to a tune of their own. The parts blended beautifully. The Contingent had 25 tenors in its chorus. The chaplain in a splendid voice sang the solo, the rest supplying the obligatio. Is there any language beautiful as that of our Natives, when it is set to music? My squadron stood around silent listening intently. There was something pathetic about the tune and the scene that brought tears to the eyes, and yet as we listened we felt that they and we could go through anything with that beautiful influence behind us.”

29 The Lord’s Prayer

Chaplain Class Two Kevin Brophy, RNZChD Principal Chaplain Operations, New Zealand Defence Force Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name Your kingdom come, your will be done, On earth as in heaven. Give us today our daily bread. Forgive us our sins As we forgive those who sin against us. Save us from the time of trial, and deliver us from evil. For the kingdom, the power and the glory are yours Now and forever. Amen.

Official Wreath Laying

Music by the New Zealand Defence Force Band During the wreath laying the New Zealand Defence Force Band will play:

Hine e Hine A Ma-ori lullaby composed by Princess Te Rangi Pai

Hymn to the Fallen Composed by John Williams for the movie Saving Private Ryan

Mid All The Traffic A river shanty composed by Leonard Ballantyne

The Shepherd’s Song Folk song of the Auvergne composed by Canteloube

E Pari Rā Composed by Paraire Tomoana 1918 as a tangi for Ma-ori Soldiers killed in battle in WW1

A Little Prayer Composed by Evelynn Glennie originally for marimba and string quartet

I Vow To Thee My Country Patriotic British song composed by Gustav Holst in 1921

30 The Act of Remembrance

Major General Timothy Gall Commander Joint Forces, New Zealand Defence Force and

Mr John Purcell, QSM, JP Royal New Zealand Returned and Services’ Association

E kore rātou e kaumātuatia Pēnei i a tātou kua mahue nei E kore hoki rātou e ngoikore Ahakoa pēhea i ngā āhuatanga o te wā I te hekenga atu o te rā Tae noa ki te aranga mai i te ata Ka maumahara tonu tātou ki a rātou Ka maumahara tonu tātou ki a rātou

They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old: Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn. At the going down of the sun and in the morning We will remember them. We will remember them.

Last Post Bugler – Leading Musician Colin Clark, RNZN New Zealand Defence Force

Silence

Rouse Bugler – Leading Musician Colin Clark, RNZN New Zealand Defence Force

31 National Anthems of Turkey and New Zealand Music by the New Zealand Defence Force Band

İstiklal Marşi

God Defend New Zealand

March off the Regimental Colour followed by the Catafalque Party Music by the New Zealand Defence Force Band (Wellington March)

Sunset Hymn Music by the New Zealand Defence Force Band

Lament Played on bagpipes by Petty Officer Marine Technician Bevan George, RNZN New Zealand Defence Force

32 Final Blessing

Chaplain Class Two Kevin Brophy, RNZChD Principal Chaplain Operations, New Zealand Defence Force

Kia tau mai anō ki a koutou Ngā manaakitanga a te Atua Kaha Rawa A te Matua, a te Tama, a te Wairua Tapu. Āmine.

Waiata - Pō Atarau Vocals provided by members of the New Zealand Defence Force Pō atarau Now is the hour E moea iho nei when we must say goodbye E haere ana Soon you’ll be sailing Koe ki pāmamao far across the sea Haere rā While you’re away Ka hoki mai anō Oh please remember me Ki te tau When you return E tangi atu nei you’ll find me waiting here

Official Party departs Attendees are asked to stay seated until Official Party departs. Attendees are invited to lay floral tributes at the New Zealand Memorial and Lower Cemetery.

33 34 cerEmonial protocols and National Anthems

> Left: Men of the 3rd (Auckland) Company, Auckland Btn. Ref: 1992.775. National Army Museum Collection. Traditions & customs

Catafalque party 5th Wellington, West Coast and Taranaki Battalion Historically, a catafalque was a Colour support for a coffin, but it has come to represent a remembrance stone The 5th Battalion Royal New Zealand or tomb. A Catafalque Party was Infantry Colour carries 22 battle originally appointed to guard a coffin honours, including ‘Sari Bair’ and the from theft or desecration. Now it rare ‘New Zealand’. This Colour is performs a ceremonial role, honouring being paraded in recognition of the the dead. Taranaki and Wellington Regiments that Lieutenant Colonel William W.G Colour Party Malone commanded in New Zealand The Colour Party is comprised of one and at Gallipoli respectively. The Sari Colour Ensign, two Colour Escorts and Bair battle honour recognises gallantry a Colour Warrant Officer. The original in the August Offensive during 6–10 purpose of a Colour Party was to August 1915. protect the Colour from being taken during battle. Today the Colour Party Ode of Remembrance is ceremonial in nature and is used to Many ceremonies of remembrance carry the Colour on and off parade. include a recitation of the Ode. It is The Colour Bearer is always a senior the fourth stanza of For The Fallen, Lieutenant from the unit, and is referred a poem written by Lawrence Binyon to as an ensign. The armed escorts are (1869–1943) in 1914. In New Zealand always one Warrant Officer and two the fourth stanza is first read in te reo Staff Sergeants. Colours have become Māori, then in English. The Ode has the symbol of the spirit of a regiment, been recited in ceremonies since for they bear the battle honours and 1919. Visitors should stand, remove badges granted to the regiment in headwear and refrain from talking commemoration of the gallant deeds during the reciting of the Ode. performed by its members from the time it was raised. Last Post The Last Post is a bugle call which signals the end of the day. It became incorporated into funeral and memorial services as a final farewell and symbolises that the duty of the dead is over and they can rest in peace.

36 Military Sunset Ceremony Rouse/Reveille The Battle for Chunuk Bair Centenary In major ceremonies the Last Post is Service also takes elements of a normally followed by Rouse, except at traditional military sunset ceremony. dawn service, when Reveille is played. The ceremony, also known as the After the one minute silence, flags are Ceremony of Beating Retreat, has its raised from half-mast to the masthead origins in the 16th Century. It signals as Rouse is sounded. Traditionally the end of the day’s fighting when Rouse called soldiers’ spirits to arise, both sides would collect their dead ready to fight for another day. Today and wounded and withdraw to their it is associated with the Last Post at respective camps. The Ceremony of military funerals and at services of Beating Retreat is traditionally played dedication and remembrance. by drummers. Flags Waiata - P Atarau ō The flag protocol at Gallipoli is the (Now Is The Hour) Turkish flag on the right and the New In 1913 Palings published a piano- Zealand flag to its left. variations piece in Australia, Swiss Cradle Song. In 1915 its opening theme New Zealand National Flag was modified for the singing of Pō Protocols Atarau to farewell the New Zealand First The New Zealand National Flag World War Māori soldiers. The song should not be subjected to indignity was later reworked by Māori songwriter or displayed in a position inferior to Louise Flavell to Now is the Hour and any other flag. The flag should always made famous internationally through be flown aloft and free and should not recordings by Second World War be allowed to fall or lie on the ground. British singer Gracie Fields, and later When a flag is raised or lowered, or by Bing Crosby. when it is carried past in a parade or review, all present should face the flag, One/Two minute(s) silence men should remove their hats and all One (or two) minutes of silence are should remain silent. Those in uniform held to reflect on the significance of should salute. the day and as a sign of respect. Lowering flags to half-mast is considered a sign of respect for important persons in many countries including New Zealand.

37 Turkish National Flag The Chunuk Bair Centenary Protocols motif Like in the New Zealand flag The outline of the iconic New Zealand protocols, the Turkish flag should not Memorial is supported by the be displayed in a position inferior to New Zealand Defence Force silver fern. any other flag and should not be any The red of the writing reflects the smaller than any other flag. colour of the earth on Chunuk Bair In normal circumstances, as a symbol and the sacrifice of the hundreds of mourning and respect, the Turkish of soldiers (both New Zealand and flag is fully lowered rather than lowered Turkish) who died there. to half-mast. The English and Turkish versions of During this service, the Turkish flag Chunuk Bair acknowledge the close will not be raised until the playing of relationship both nations have with the the Turkish national anthem. During site and each other. the Sunset Hymn, the New Zealand flag will be lowered for the last time and removed and the Turkish flag will remain flying. This symbolises the passing of New Zealand’s fallen to the Turkish people who will continue to care for them.

38 39 NATIONAL ANTHEMS

İSTİKLAL MARŞI İSTİKLAL MARŞI (Turkish National Anthem - english version)

Korkma, sönmez bu şafaklarda Fear not, the crimson flag, waving in yüzen al sancak; These dawns will never fade; Sönmeden yurdumun üstünde Before the last hearth that tüten en son ocak. Is burning in my nation vanishes. O benim milletimin That is my nation’s star, yıldızıdır, parlayacak; It will shine; O benimdir, o benim That is mine, it belongs milletimindir ancak. Solely to my nation. Çatma, kurban olayım Oh coy crescent do not frown for I am çehreni ey nazlı hilâl! Ready to sacrifice myself for you! Kahraman ırkıma bir gül… Please smile upon my heroic nation, why Ne bu şiddet bu celâl? that anger, why that rage? Sana olmaz dökülen kanlarımız If you frown, our blood shed for you will sonra helâl; not be worthy Hakkıdır, Hakk’a tapan, Freedom is the right of my nation who milletimin istiklâl! Worships God and seeks what is right.

40 GOD DEFEND NEW ZEALAND (New Zealand National Anthem)

E Ihowā Atua, God of Nations at Thy feet, O ngā iwi mātou rā In the bonds of love we meet, Āta whakarangona; Hear our voices, we entreat, Me aroha noa God defend our free land. Kia hua ko te pai; Guard Pacific’s triple star Kia tau tō atawhai; From the shafts of strife and war, Manaakitia mai Make her praises heard afar, Aotearoa God defend New Zealand

41 > Canterbury Mtd Rifles, Walker’s Ridge. Ref:1993.1203. National Army Museum Collection.

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