Ecography ECOG-01176 Péron, G. and Altwegg, R. 2015. Low diversity in the plant diversity hotspot: Quaternary legacies in the current distributions of . – Ecography doi: 10.1111/ecog.01176

Supplementary material Appendix 1

Table A1: Study and variables. “End” is the level of endemism (1: endemic to the fynbos biome; 2: not endemic to the fynbos biome, but

70% of range in Southern Africa; 3: not endemic). “Diet” is the diet composition (I: invertebrates; F: fruits; S: seeds; N: nectar; V: vertebrates; P: plant material; minor diet components are indicated with lowercase font). “”, “Nect”, and “Seed” indicate respectively if inverterbates, nectar or seeds are a major component of the diet. “Agr” is whether the species is found in agricultural areas (from 0: species almost never occurs in agricultural areas; to 2: agricultural areas are among preferred habitats). “Forag” is the number of different foraging techniques recorded for the species. “Clutch” is the average clutch size. “Ampl MTCO”“, “Ampl MTWA”, “Ampl PETr”, and “Ampl WetI” are the estimates of the amplitude of the climate envelope respectively for Coldest monthly temperature, Warmest monthly temperature, ratio of potential to actual evapotranspiration, and Intensity of the wet season. “Mod MTCO”, “Mod MTWA”, “Mod PETr”, “Mod WetI” are the estimates of the Kullback-

Leibler distances between the modes of the distributions of these same four climate variables within the ranges of the species. “Avg Debt” is the average species debt in the species ranges (see method section). “SR slope” is the slope of the regression of logit-transformed species detection probability (a proxy for abundance) against species richness in the grid cells. “Total range” is the number of grid cells out of the 2025 southern

African grid cells where the species occurs with probability >33%. . “Range in fynbos” is the number of grid cells out of the 253 fynbos grid cells where the species occurs with probability >33%.

Abbr. Common name Scientific name Family End Agr Clutch Forag Diet Insect Nect. Seed BOKM Bokmakierie Telophorus zeylonus Malaconotidae 2 2 3.1 3 IFV 1 0 0 CARJ Cape Rock-jumper Chaetops frenatus Chaetopidae 1 0 2 2 I 1 0 0 Pycnonotus CABL Cape Bulbul Pycnonotidae 2 1 2.74 2 IFsn 1 0 0 capensis CAGR Sphenoeacus afer 1 0 2.7 1 I 1 0 0 VIWA Victorin’s Warbler Cryptillas victorini Macrosphenidae 1 0 2 1 I 1 0 0 CAWH Cape White-eye Zosterops capensis Zosteropidae 2 2 3 3 IfsN 1 1 0 GBCI Grey-backed Cisticola 2 1 3.3 1 I 1 0 0 subruficapilla Cisticola NEDD Neddicky Cisticolidae 3 2 3 3 In 1 0 0 fulvicapilla KAPI Karoo Prinia maculosa Cisticolidae 2 1 3.6 1 I 1 0 0 CCLA Cape Clapper apiata Alaudidae 2 1 2.6 1 Ifs 1 0 0 Monticola SERT Sentinel Rock-Thrush Muscicapidae 2 1 3 1 Ifs 1 0 0 explorator CART Cape Rock-Thrush Monticola rupestris Muscicapidae 2 1 3.1 1 Ifsnv 1 0 0 CARC Cape Robin-Chat Cossypha caffra Muscicapidae 3 2 2.5 3 Ifv 1 0 0 Cercotrichas KASC Karoo Scrub-Robin Muscicapidae 2 1 2.8 1 Ifv 1 0 0 coryphoeus AFST African Stonechat Saxicola torquatus Muscicapidae 3 1 3.2 4 Ifs 1 0 0 SWCH Sickle-winged Chat Cercomela sinuata Muscicapidae 2 1 2.5 2 If 1 0 0 Anthobaphes OBSU Orange-breasted Sunbird Nectariniidae 1 1 1.69 3 IN 1 1 0 violacea MASU Malachite Sunbird Nectarinia famosa Nectariniidae 3 2 2 3 IN 1 1 0 Southern Double-collared SDSU Cinnyris chalybeus Nectariniidae 2 1 2.2 4 IN 1 1 0 Sunbird Greater Double-collared GDSU Cinnyris afer Nectariniidae 2 1 1.8 4 IN 1 1 0 Sunbird CASU Cape Sugarbird Promerops cafer Promeropidae 1 1 2 3 IN 1 1 0 CAWE Cape Weaver Ploceus capensis Ploceidae 2 2 2.6 3 Ifsnp 1 0 0 YEBI Yellow Bishop Euplectes capensis Ploceidae 3 1 2.9 2 IS 1 0 1 COWA Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild Estrildidae 3 2 5.2 2 IS 1 0 1 CACA Cape Canary canicollis Fringillidae 1 2 3.3 1 IfS 1 0 1 FOCA Crithagra scotops Fringillidae 2 1 3.4 1 IFS 1 0 1 Crithagra YECA Fringillidae 2 2 2.9 1 IFSn 1 0 1 flaviventris Crithagra WTCA White-throated Canary Fringillidae 2 2 3 2 IFS 1 0 1 albogularis Crithagra PRSE Protea Seedeater Fringillidae 1 1 3 1 FSn 0 0 1 leucopterus SHSE Streaky-headed Seedeater Crithagra gularis Fringillidae 3 2 2.5 2 IFSn 1 0 1 CASI Crithagra totta Fringillidae 1 2 3.5 1 iSn 0 0 1 CABU Cape Bunting Emberiza capensis Emberizidae 3 2 2.8 1 ISn 0 0 1

range Ampl Ampl Ampl Ampl Mod Mod Mod Mod Avg SR total Abbr. in MTCO MTWA PETr WetI MTCO MTWA PETr WetI Debt slope range fynbos BOKM 2.32 2.55 0.22 46.25 2.82 22.16 39.28 0.00 0.00 0.01 1574 253 CARJ 0.95 0.67 0.09 82.17 8.71 8.85 77.60 16.30 1.00 0.15 11 10 CABL 1.64 1.86 0.18 67.09 17.02 22.13 33.52 0.00 -0.01 -0.05 419 228 CAGR 2.57 1.62 0.18 52.06 1.03 18.06 5.02 9.67 0.19 0.39 424 127 VIWA 1.27 0.83 0.14 95.24 8.36 7.85 39.53 27.89 0.82 0.79 79 75 CAWH 2.81 2.39 0.24 49.05 68.63 2.74 38.92 0.00 0.00 -0.07 1444 253 GBCI 2.49 2.50 0.20 56.31 3.69 7.99 16.18 0.00 0.02 -0.21 838 241 NEDD 2.72 1.96 0.17 48.36 4.78 8.41 8.44 58.13 0.11 0.01 1127 132 KAPI 2.76 2.34 0.21 57.67 6.36 3.90 18.65 0.00 0.01 0.00 759 249 CCLA 1.66 1.72 0.21 77.38 9.76 6.24 29.12 0.00 0.11 -0.20 289 175 SERT 2.03 2.45 0.20 78.06 2.73 11.92 24.23 89.94 1.49 0.13 122 12 CART 3.03 1.81 0.15 45.37 4.33 4.82 7.10 3.21 0.10 0.19 562 121 CARC 2.45 2.48 0.23 47.30 0.83 2.12 43.18 0.00 0.00 -0.06 1623 253 KARC 2.64 2.67 0.23 55.05 3.83 2.60 23.09 0.00 0.02 -0.27 1077 241 AFST 2.58 2.34 0.22 47.36 2.07 15.78 36.98 0.00 0.03 -0.21 1573 241 SWCH 2.47 2.89 0.17 44.23 4.78 38.18 17.98 0.00 0.24 -0.08 799 118 OBSU 1.77 1.29 0.19 85.73 10.35 14.22 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.74 169 140 MASU 2.67 1.79 0.20 53.55 9.21 11.62 16.78 7.94 0.01 0.27 733 205 SDSU 2.59 1.97 0.27 62.79 105.26 15.20 34.80 0.00 0.01 0.05 736 249 GDSU 2.49 1.53 0.15 42.60 1.39 8.73 9.77 5.09 0.28 0.40 334 76 CASU 1.64 1.24 0.15 83.75 9.73 11.35 0.00 11.23 0.07 0.25 122 122 CAWE 2.79 2.01 0.27 60.79 4.77 4.70 50.35 5.88 0.03 0.04 636 221 YEBI 3.08 2.59 0.30 70.83 14.58 38.83 48.85 12.44 0.13 0.21 365 162 COWA 3.01 2.60 0.22 45.03 50.12 24.39 44.97 0.00 0.00 -0.04 1915 253 CACA 2.77 2.40 0.26 57.75 3.88 486.92 32.52 0.00 0.10 0.56 909 215 FOCA 1.98 1.18 0.12 59.09 1.73 12.56 9.38 14.45 0.70 0.40 177 55 YECA 2.39 2.75 0.21 49.13 49.33 16.18 30.17 0.00 0.02 -0.24 1413 232 WTCA 2.46 2.80 0.18 51.49 5.94 45.00 20.09 0.00 0.05 -0.28 913 231 PRSE 1.56 1.25 0.14 83.72 10.23 10.09 281.95 8.53 0.24 -0.04 105 104 SHSE 3.26 2.06 0.15 44.59 9.88 0.98 6.52 0.00 0.19 0.13 612 91 CASI 1.68 1.65 0.18 80.08 12.81 6.85 26.13 0.00 0.28 0.55 258 150 CABU 2.43 2.81 0.17 36.17 72.94 2.58 17.23 0.00 0.01 0.33 847 149