Risk Assessment and Management Plan Government of Tamilnadu Risk Assessment and Management Plan

SHORELINE PROTECTION STRUCTURES Mandaikaduputhur, KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT / ANTI SEA EROSION DIVISION RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

SHORELINE PROTECTION STRUCTURES Mandaikadupudur & Neyyur Villages KalkulamTaluk KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT

Anti Erosion Division/Public Works Department Water Resources Department Nagercoil GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU

Centre for Environment, Health & Safety Faculty of Engineering & Technology ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY ANNAMALAI NAGAR

The proposed Shoreline Protection Structures (SPS) is a field of six groynes along the coastline of Mandaikadupudur & Neyyur ,situated in Kalkulam Taluk near Nagerkoil in the Kanyakumari district.

The project location is geographically located between 080 09’ 30.9” to 080 09’ 44.1” N Latitude and 770 16’ 35.5” to 770 16’ 58.8” E Longitude along the West Coast in Arabian Sea interface, adjoining to Kerala State Coastline.

Precisely, the coast of Kanyakumari district is learnt to have become more vulnerable to natural coastal calamities and the fear factor of Tsunami, made the shoreline protection structures as utmost necessary and implementation of such projects are planned with emergency priorities.

The project location of Shoreline, in the Nagercoil Taluk of Kanyakumari District, has been characterized for erosion prone, since Tsunami 2004. From several research studies, including the one by IIT-M, It is evident that this stretch of coastal line in Nagapatinam district needs protection from the on-set erosion processes and other natural calamities like storm surges.

The proposed shore line protection works for about 0.85 km stretch is envisaged for providing a field of six Groynes and financial allocation was made in 13th Finance commission to construct. This initiative of Government clearly indicated the seriousness of this coastal threat in the National Agenda.

The Public Works Department (PWD) , Anti Sea Erosion Division, Government of Tamilnadu is the implementing agency and perhaps already started the project in key areas of habitation in the 1 km stretch of coastal line..

The groynes are envisaged as a field to reduce long shore transport by trapping sand and causing the shoreline orientation to change relative to dominant wave directions.

Centre for Environment, Health & Safety (CEHS), Annamalai University is the 1 accredited EIA organization by QCI under NABET for Ministry for Environment , Forests & Climate Change, Government of India.

Public Works Department, Anti Sea Erosion Division,Government of Tamilnadu has proposed to augment and upgrade the existing Shoreline Protection Structures (SPS) in the Mandaikadupudur and Neyyur Coastal lines, with a Groyne field. This project of SPS, along the coastline of villages is for about 1 Km stretch of Coastline. The project location has more valuable land and human settlement which have become vulnerable to erosion and sea level rise. The extent of proposed project is around 0.85 km of coastal stretch near Kolachal, Kanyakumari district that encompass coastal villages, Mandaikadupudur and Neyyur. The proposed SPS will have Groyne Structures constructed with natural stones without any cement or any other construction materials. The high strengthand inert stones will not pose any risk, except to human safety during construction and aftermath. There will not be any discharge or emission and that there will not be any environmental risk due to SPS. During construction or aftermath, the handling of Rubbles or its unlikely displacements or falls, there is no credible risk involved in the proposed project of PWD. There is no project or activity based risk. Anyhow, the location of the project is vulnerable for natural hazards. The handling of Rubble is vulnerable for risk to human health and minor injuries and accidents. Hence, a comprehensive RA was carried out for proper implementation of the project and maintenance of the structures.

I.INTRODUCTION

The scope and purpose of this report is to identify the main hazards which can threat the proposed SPS and assess the potential risk of the groyne field in order to achieve a state of preparedness, or implement mitigating actions, which will reduce the impact of them. A simple identification of the hazards would serve little purpose if they were not assessed and action taken on such assessment.

Any coastline and marine areas are vulnerable to natural disasters like cyclone, Storm, earth quake, Flood, Tsunami, rise in tides, etc. The proposed SPS is essentially to prevent erosion and protect shoreline in Mandaikaduputhur and Neyyur Villages, Kalkulam Taluk, Kanyakumari District.

Activities during construction and post construction pose little hazards, if any, due to human error and stone displacement or fall leading to injury and health impairment.

The Eroding coastline in the project location can be seen in Fig 1.1 to 1.4. It is the demand of nearby coastal community to construct SPS consists of Groynes. The risk assessment was initiated to evaluate identification of hazards, prevention techniques, mitigation strategies and emergency preparedness plans.

The layout of the proposed SPS is given in Fig 1.5. The Satellite Imagery of the proposed SPS in the project location is presented in Fig 1.6.

There is no project specific- credible risk. However, the project location, which is an eroding shore with coastal processes do require evaluation of risks of the proposed SPS – location specific.

Kanyakumari and more specifically, Mandaikaduputhur is disaster prone to natural calamities like Cyclone, Storm Surge, Earth Quake, Sea level rise, etc,. The construction materials of Rock Mounds are risky to handle and would require proper maintenance to prevent and protect any unlikely displacements or fall.

This report delineated the location specific risks to SPS and drawn a detailed scheme for effective management to provide risk-free environment to fisher folk in the post project scenario.

Fig 1.1 Eroding Shoreline Project Location (1), Mandaikadupudur

Fig 1.2 Eroding Shoreline Project Location (2), Mandaikadupudur

Fig 1.3 Eroding Shoreline Project Location (3), Mandaikadupudur

Fig 1.4 Eroding Shoreline Project Location (4), Mandaikadupudur

To Nagercoil Mandaikadupudhur Village Village Village Mandaikadupudhur Mandaikadupudhur Mandaikadupudhur

To Kolachal

Fig 1.5 Layout of proposed Shoreline Protection Structures

Fig 1.6 Schematics of SPS in the shoreline of Mandaikadupudur

II. METHODOLOGY OF RISK ASSESSMENT

Risks are emanating from either project activity or the location of the project. The proposed project of Groyne Field has no risk except the following:

 Human error in handling Rock or Rubble Mounds

 Displacement or fall of Rock Mounds

These two are very unlikely events and with less credibility to happen to lead an accident or an injury.

However, the project location is vulnerable to coastal extremes like Cyclone, Storm Surge, Earth Quake and including Tsunami. Hence, the following methodology was adopted for identifying and listing of risk scenarios.

Identification Listing the main hazards

Assessment Assessing the probability of an incident and its consequences

Assessing which hazards should be awarded priority consideration Prioritisation for mitigation/emergency planning

Considering the actions which could be taken to mitigate the effects of a potential incident. This will usually mean the Mitigation preparation of an emergency plan or identifying existing plans which are relevant

Taking action as appropriate taking into account the processes set Management Plan out above

There are several methods by which hazards can be assessed leading to a formal “Risk Assessment”. However, many of the methods do not lend themselves readily to the type of hazards that are being considered here. The emergency management assessment is looking at hazards over which local authorities or indeed any other organisations have little or no control. In such cases, arrangements to reduce the impact on the community are necessary.

Such hazards include severe weather, transport accidents, etc. Those activities or hazards over which there is an element of control, however small or remote have been assessed to determine any actions could be taken to mitigate the effects or likelihood of an incident.

In this project activity, there is no credible cause for any risk scenario from the proposed structures. The human error during construction is the only credible cause for an accident which could lead to injuries and the impact is temporal and retrievable.

III. HAZARD AND RISK IDENTIFICATION

This section will aim to identify the hazards, which may have the potential to cause disruption, damage to property, or endanger life in and around the SPS. The section will list the hazards in three categories, Natural, Technological and Others. A brief description of each hazard’s characteristics will be given.

“A hazard is best viewed as a naturally occurring or human induced process or event which has the potential to create loss.” The hazards covered in this section are ones viewed as most prominent to the Project location of SPS and are not an exhaustive list of all known hazards. In this section each hazard will be viewed as a primary hazard. This chapter therefore provides the understanding of hazards in an attempt to increase the accuracy of the risk assessment.

3.1 Natural Hazards

3.1.1 Extreme Weather (Cyclone/Storm/Storm Surge)

In this report, severe weather includes heavy rain, cyclone, and storm surge. These types of weather storms usually result in the disruptions to transportation routes, power and utility failure, immobilizing fishing activity. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) provides a certain amount of warning for these types of hazards and they rarely cause lengthy disruptions apart from in extreme cases when severe damage is caused to infrastructures.

Any incidence of depression in the Arabian Sea region is not a frequent affair and least so in the North East monsoon. Storms are least frequent from January to March and most frequent in the months of October and November. Storms are also as frequent in May and in August. Severe storms are most frequent in May and in October and November. During October, the entire region to the north of about Latitude of 80N is liable to be affected. This is one of the three months where storms are most likely to be severe. In the month of November, severe storms are more frequent and the whole region is likely to be affected.

The effect of extreme weather would most likely be a disruption of vital services such as water, sewer, power and transportation; damage to and disruption of emergency response facilities, resources and systems. As per the Vulnerability atlas of cyclone frequency and wind hazard map, Mandaikaduputhur falls in the Moderate Damage Risk Zone-B (Figure-3.1).

Fig 3.1 Cyclone Frequency and Wind Hazard

Hence, a “worst case scenario” would affect the port and also the entire community to a significant level.

3.1.2 Coastal Erosion

Coastal erosion is the gradual removal of sediments (including beach sand and topsoil) in coastal areas due to wave and tidal action. Wind, wave and tidal action can impact large portions of the shoreline, including beaches and small cliff areas. Erosion may cause damage to roadways, residences, and other structures, and it may also lead to a loss of vegetation. The impacts of erosion on coastal areas are generally gradual, although dramatic coastal erosion may occur following a storm or flood event.

The present project is Engineered Structures Viz., Groynes. The proposed structures are essentially to prevent such erosion and to protect the shoreline.

3.1.3 Flooding

Floods constitute one of the most potentially serious hazards facing the District. Flooding occurs when abnormally high water levels overtop the natural or artificial banks of a river or other watercourse. The project location of SPS has no estuary or river. The District is not having any major river line or fluvial flooding which can result from either long durations of rainfall causing watercourse to rise above their normal level (usually winter scenario) or short intense rainfall events causing the watercourse to rise rapidly due to overland flow (typically a summer scenario). The magnitude of flooding is influenced by the following factors, precipitation amount, intensity and distribution, soil moisture, seasonal variation in vegetation and infiltration capacity of the ground surface – influenced by the degree of urbanisation. The inundation caused by river line or fluvial flooding may vary from a few hours to many days.

3.1.4 Earthquake

An earthquake is the sudden motion or trembling in the earth caused by an abrupt release of slowly accumulating strain. This sudden release results in ground shaking, surface faulting, and/or ground failures.

The Indian subcontinent has a history of devastating earthquakes. The major reason for the high frequency and intensity of the earthquakes is that the Indian plate is driving into Asia at a

Centre for Environment, Health and Safety ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY SHORELINE PROTECTION STRUCTURES Mandaikaduputhur, KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT / ANTI SEA EROSION DIVISION RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU rate of approximately 47 mm/year. Geographical statistics of India show that almost 54% of the land is vulnerable to earthquakes. A World Bank & United Nations report shows estimates that around 200 million city dwellers in India will be exposed to storms and earthquakes by 2050. The latest version of seismic zoning map of India given in the earthquake resistant design code of India [IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002] assigns four levels of seismicity for India in terms of zone factors. In other words, the earthquake zoning map of India divides India into 4 seismic zones (Zone II, III, IV and V) unlike its previous version which consisted of five or six zones for the country. According to the present zoning map, Zone V expects the highest level of seismicity whereas Zone II is associated with the lowest level of seismicity. The latest seismic zoning map released by the India Meteorological Department website is shown in the Fig-3.2. According to the seismic zoning map, the proposed project location of SPS falls in the Zone II.

As per the National Disaster Management Authority of India, the Geographical areas which fall under seismic zones III, IV and V, which are vulnerable to potential impact of earthquakes, landslides, rock falls or mudflows. Though the project location of SPS comes in the Zone II, the risks involved due to earth quake cannot be ruled out.

Figure-3.2 Seismic zones in India

3.1.5 Tsunami

Tsunami is a series of travelling ocean waves of great length and long period usually generated by submarine geophysical displacement. May or may not be preceded by an earthquake.

Tsunamis are also generated by volcanic eruptions and submarine landslides, nuclear explosions, and even due to impact or fall of large size meteorites, asteroids, and comets from outer space. Tsunami genic zones that threaten the Indian Coast have been identified by considering the historical tsunamis, earthquakes, their magnitudes, location of the area relative to a fault, and also by tsunami modelling. Both the east and west coasts of India and the island regions are likely to be affected by tsunamis from the five potential source regions, viz., the Andaman-Nicobar- Sumatra island arc, Indo-Burmese zone, Nascent Boundary (in the central Indian Ocean), Chagos archipelago and the Makransubduction zone.

According to the latest seismic zone map of India (Figure-3, IS: 1893, 2002), about 59 percent of India’s land area is vulnerable to moderate or severe seismic hazard. The present project district has already experienced a Tsunami in 2004.

Tsunami 2004, which heavily affected the project location, is the reason for proposing the SPS. Hence, the proposed project will reduce the risk or hazard out of this attribute.

3.2 Technological Hazards

The proposed SPS has no process or manufacturing activity. This will only stand as a physical barrier to regulate the erosion or accretion and protect the shoreline.

3.3 Other Hazards

Fire, Terrorism or any public disorder will have no cause of any risk in the post project scenario.

IV. RISK ASSESSMENT

Risk is a function of the probability (likelihood) of particular hazards arising and the potential impact which would result from these. Therefore, risk is the level of perceived exposure of people, services or processes to the effects of identified hazards. Risk assessments are part of everyday life. People, and what they value, are the essential point of reference and basis for all risk assessments.

4.1 Probability (Likelihood) and potential Impact

The risk of each hazard has been calculated on two criteria - probability and consequences. Probability is the likelihood of a particular event occurring. Consequences are the expected number of lives lost, persons injured, scale of damage to property and disruption of essential services and economic activity resulting from the impact of a particular natural or manmade hazard. The probability and consequences of the hazards identified in the previous section were assessed on a scale 1-5. Very unlikely probability or very minimal consequences being rated at 1, with very likely probability and very severe consequences rated at 5. The probability and consequences are then multiplied to determine the risk category. The Risk Category’s are illustrated in the Table-4.1.

TABLE 4.1 RISKCATEGORY

SEVERITY OF IMPACT/ 5 CONSEQUENCES 1 2 3 4 (Very → (Minimal) (Slight) (Moderate) (Severe) severe) LIKELIHOOD/ PROBABILITY↓ 1 1 2 3 4 5 (Very unlikely) 2 2 4 6 8 10 (Unlikely) 3 3 6 9 12 15 (Moderate) 4 4 8 12 16 20 (Likely) 5 5 10 15 20 25 (Very likely)

The level of risk is categorized based on the product of probability and consequence values. This is illustrated in the Table-4.2.

TABLE4.2 LEVEL OF RISK CATEGORY

Very Low Low Moderate High Very high

1-2 3-6 7-12 13-19 20-25

This section identifies the calculated risk of each hazard and subsequently places each hazard within a suitable risk category. Risk is constantly changing, which is why the reviewing of risk assessments is essential to ensure that when risks develop appropriate amendments can be made. The risk associated with particular hazards in the project location of SPS area will fluctuate, however at the time of assessment the risk categories include the following hazards and are presented in the Table 4.3.

TABLE4.3 HAZARD AND RISK CATEGORIES

LEVEL OF RISK / RISK CATEGORIES HAZARD Very low Low Moderate High Very high

Extreme weather  (Cyclone/Storm/Storm surge) Tsunami  Flood  Earthquake  Coastal Erosion  Transport Incidents Fire Terrorism & Public Disorder

V. PRIORITISATION

To arrange or deal, the order of importance, prioritisation is essential. The hazards identified in this document have been prioritised according to risk and are presented in the Table-5.1

TABLE 5.1 PRIORITISATION OF EVENTS AND RISKS

EVENTS PROBABILITY CONSEQUENCES RISK

Extreme weather (Cyclone/Storm/Storm Likely Severe High surge)

Tsunami Unlikely Very severe Moderate

Flood Moderate Slight Low

Earthquake Very unlikely Very severe Low

Coastal Erosion Likely Severe High

Transport Incidents Nil Not Applicable Nil

Fire Nil Not Applicable Nil Terrorism & Public Nil Not Applicable Nil Disorder

Hazard impact assessment is nothing but the consequences of an effect or disaster. The consequences of the various hazards are analyzed and presented. In order to understand the severity of the hazard or accident, it is necessary to know its impacts. In this section, the report seeks to know the various consequences of disasters that would need Mitigation strategies to minimize the property damage and or fatalities.

6.1 Extreme Weather (Cyclone/Storm/Storm surge)

Severe weather has the potential to cause major disruption to the project location of SPS in terms of property damage, pollution and threat to people’s lives. Some consequences include the following.

 Large numbers of casualties  Destruction of or damage to property including MFVs  Homelessness  Loss of a utility or utilities  Disruption of transport or communications  Increased requests for services i.e. property repairs  Loss of facilities or service provided by a premises  Reduced ability to provide normal services due to staff or other shortages  Increased public information requirements

The probability of the occurrence of severe weather in the Project location of SPS is high.

6.2 Coastal Erosion

The Coastal erosion has become a serious coastal threat in the project location as could be appreciated from Fig 1.1 to 1.4.

The probability of occurrence of coastal erosion in the Project location of SPS area is high.

6.3 Flood

There is no river in the project location. The incidences of flood and storm surges will not have impact on the project location.

6.4 Earthquake

The Kanyakumari District does not have a history of earthquake. Though this area comes under the seismic zone II with a low seismicity, the following consequences may result in case of an earthquake. They are:

 Injury and fatalities  Damage to property  Loss of facilities or service provided by a premises  Distressed persons either effected directly or indirectly by the incident  Loss of one or more utilities  Disruption of the transport system  Loss of communications  Pollution  Public health issues  Economic disruption  Damage to structures  Evacuation  Media focus  Increased public information requirements  Disruption to infrastructure

The probability of the occurrence of earthquake within the District is Low.

6.5 Tsunami

The Indian Ocean Tsunami of 26th December 2004 is one of the most destructive Tsunamis known to have hit India and 13 other countries in the Indian Ocean region. With a combined toll of 238,000 casualties (including 51,500 people missing), and roughly more than 1.5 million people displaced in fourteen countries, this tsunami resulted in damage and destruction of property, assets and infrastructure in the coastal areas. In India 10,749 people lost their lives due to the tsunami and 5,640 people were missing in the Tsunami affected areas mostly in the coastal Tamilnadu. The consequences of the Tsunami are as follows:

The probability of the occurrence of Tsunami in the District is Low.

6.6 Transport Incidents

The probability of the occurrence of incident due to transportation is Nil.

6.7 Fire

The probability of fire in within the Project location of SPS is Nil.

6.8 Terrorism and Public Disorder

The probability of Terrorism and Public Disorder is Nil.

Mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters. This is achieved through risk analysis, which results in information that provides a foundation for mitigation activities that reduce risk, and the consequences of disasters. In this section the report seeks to identify plans and systems to mitigate the effects of any hazard, and to identify further actions to be taken to reduce the risk to acceptable limits.

7.1 Extreme weather (Cyclone/Storm/Storm surge)

Action to prevent an emergency from happening or lessen the impact if it does happen (i.e. flood plain management, building codes, land use planning, strapping water heaters, etc) is known as mitigation. This is the most crucial component in any disaster management exercise. It may be in the form of creating awareness, building long term or short-term infrastructure in hazard zones, aid planning, etc… Mitigation opportunities may arise any time where the awareness of the disaster is high, e.g., disaster scare-however unfounded it seems, post disaster, during disaster or during such seasons in areas prone to disasters. Attention to such opportunities can help in tackling any future emergencies. The Mitigation measures to be considered before, during and after the Cyclone is summarized and presented in the Table-7.1

TABLE7.1 CYCLONE MITIGATION

CYCLONE MITIGATION

Before the Disaster During the Disaster After the Disaster

Plan an evacuation route and Cyclone Watch (conditions within Stay tuned to radio for learn safe routes inland 27-36 hours): information, returning home only when  Have disaster supplies on  Listen to battery-operated authorities advise it is hand radio for progress reports; safe to do so  Develop an emergency check emergency supplies communication plan in  Fuel car  Help injured or case of separation  Bring in outdoor objects trapped persons and  Ask an out-of-state  Secure buildings by closing and give first aid where relative to serve as the boarding up windows appropriate “family contact”  Remove outside antennas  Avoid loose or  Teach family members  Turn refrigerator and freezer dangling power lines when and how to turn to coldest settings and report them to off gas and electricity the power company  Trim back dead or weak  Store drinking water in clean or fire department branches from trees bathtubs, jugs, and bottles  Beware of snakes,  Check into flood  Moor boat securely or move insects, and animals insurance to a designated safe place; driven to higher  Teach children when and anchor trailer to ground ground by flood how to call 9-1-1  Review evacuation plan water  Make arrangements for Cyclone Warning (conditions  Open windows and family pets because expected in 24 hours or less): doors to ventilate some emergency  Listen to ratio for instructions and dry your home shelters may not allow  Tie down mobile home and  Check refrigerated pets evacuate immediately foods for spoilage  Store valuables in waterproof  Take pictures of the container damage for  Avoid elevators. insurance claims  Drive only if If at home: necessary and avoid flooded roads and  Stay inside, away from washed-out bridges anything glass  Use telephones only  Keep a supply of batteries and for emergency calls. flashlights  Avoid open flames as a source of light  If power is lost, turn off major appliances to reduce power “surge”.

 If evacuation is necessary: leave ASAP, avoiding flooded roads and washed-out bridges  Secure home by unplugging appliances and turning off electricity and the main water valve  If time permits, elevate furniture to protect it from flooding  Bring pre-assembled emergency supplies and warm clothing  Take blankets and sleeping bags to a shelter and leave immediately

The arrangement for shelters is provided and the list is given in the Annexure-III.

7.2 Costal Erosion

The present project of SPS with Groynes will reduce the vulnerability of the project location to erosion.

7.3 Flood

In case of Flood, the proponent should coordinate with the District level committees.

7.4 Earthquake

Earthquake mitigation is difficult because these events are not well predicted. Increased awareness and community-wide education about what do before, during, and after an earthquake are essential to mitigate this potential hazard. The following actions on mitigation strategies would reduce the damage and risk.

 Major Emergency Scheme  Evacuation routes and Rest Centre Plan  Media and Public Relations Plan  Help lines  Service Plans  Premises Plans  Liaison with other agencies such NDMA and DDMA, etc.  Social Services and Health  Counselling Plan  Cultural Services plan  Public education and awareness of these systems and rout

7.5 Tsunami

The Tsunami Mitigation Measures to be adopted before, during and after the disaster is summarized and given in the Table 7.2

TABLE 7.2 TSUNAMI MITIGATION

TSUNAMI MITIGATION

Before the Disaster During the Disaster After the Disaster

District administration By arranging transport to Provision of alternative cloths should immediately warning vacate all the people living and cash relief for day to day to the VAOs. in low lying areas. expenses.

Panchayat and VAOs. Should Immediately arranged for Formation of Temporary warn the public by public medical treatment to the shelters with road, electricity, address system and heat or affected people, to the water supply sanitary Javoun team. wound. arrangements with all facilities.

VAO first known which Arrangement of Cleaning and removal of debris transport official must be accommodation and food. from the affected habitation contacted for immediate bus and restoration of power service. Arrangements for removal supply, drinking water. of dead bodies and VAO should know where the cremation or burial. Restoration of normalcy in practiced people to be public building like, school, Accumulator. Removal of carcass of hospital, telephone, etc., animals and disposals. One President and VAO be Co-ordination and sanitation of ready for opening feeding Identification and making materials, supplies by NGOs to centre. record of dead bodies. the affected people.

VAO must known phone Providing medical team for Identification of legal heirs of numbers of important Higher medical aid in the camps. deceased and missing people Officials. and grant of relief. Maintenance of sanitary District Administration must arrangements in the relief Enumeration of loss of public alert, Police, Fire, Health, camps. properties and private C.S., food grains and E.B. properties including damages under precaution to boat, agricultural crops and immediately on receipt of reporting. warning. Grant of relief for the rehabilitation to the affected people.

Identification of land for construction of permanent structures.

The arrangement for shelters is provided and the list is given in the Annexure-III.

8.1 Seamless Communication Network

The Government of Tamilnadu have proposed to undertake Seamless Communication Network system in Tamilnadu to serve the fishing crafts of Tamilnadu. It has been proposed to cover all the 13 maritime districts by providing 18 Nos. of Towers to be erected in the shores of selected coastal areas and VHF hand held Radio sets (5w) to the traditional fishing crafts and fixed mount Radio sets (25w) to the mechanized fishing boats. This end user equipment will have facilities of GPS and voice communication facilities between fishing vessels to fishing vessels, fishing vessels to shore stations and shore station to the control station.

Necessary permission in the form of individual license from the Wireless Planning & coordination wing of the Ministry of Telecommunications, Government of India will be obtained and this activity will be monitored by the Department of Fisheries, Government of Tamilnadu. The installation of the shore equipment and end user equipment have been entrusted with M/s.ELCOT, (Electronic Corporation of Tamilnadu) a Government of Tamilnadu Undertaking.

IX. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN

No specific plan on Emergency Preparedness and Management is required as there will not be any project induced risk scenario.

PWD would be required to coordinate with the District committee as the project location will have serious erosion at times of flooding and storm surges. The Project Proponent does require keeping Emergency Management Plan in place, on their own.

PWD/Anti Sea Erosion Division shall Coordinate with District Level Committee under the stewardship of Collector.

X. CONCLUSION

The proposed project location is one of the vulnerable spot for sea erosion in the Kanyakumari district; Tamilnadu .The proposed project of SPS, having a field of six numbers of Groynes is to prevent further erosion and to protect the shoreline of Mandaikaduputhur and Neyyur villages in Kalkulam Taluk.

There is no risk prone activity in the proposed project. However, the location of the project, Mandaikaduputhur, is vulnerable to Natural hazards and coastal extremes.

Hence, the PWD/Anti-sea Erosion division does Emergency Management Plan or Systems. They need to coordinate with District Committee on Disaster Management.

PWD/ Anti-sea Erosion division shall address the following for required compliance:

 Compliance to all Legal Systems of MoEF, especially with respect to CRZ Notification, 2011.  Coordination with District and state level committees on Disaster Management.  Awareness Campaign for the local Fisherman community.

The available Government sponsored responsive organizations and facilities in Kanyakumari district are presented in Annexure-I, II and III.

ANNEXURE-I Outside Organizations

The outside organizations and their respective role in the emergency response are listed hereunder.

S. No. ORGANIZATIONS RESPONSIBILITIES

Overall coordination with all 1. District Collector, Kanyakumari Government bodies and Statutory Authorities

Advise on the meteorological 2. IMD office, Chennai conditions and providing warning signals during extreme weather

Medical officer, Government Hospital, 3. First-Aid, Ambulance Services and Off- Nagercoil site medical treatment

4. TNPCB, Kanyakumari Follow-up with Statutory bodies and Government Agencies

5. Police, Mandaikaduputhur General control, Regulations of Law and order and Traffic Management

Extinguishing fires, First-Aid, Recue and 6. Fire and Rescue Service, Nagercoil Evacuation of People

ANNEXURE-II

List of Hospitals

Distance from SI.No Name of the Hospital Location Phone Nos SPS

1. Kanyakumari Medical Aasaripallam, 24 km 04652-245176 Collage Nagercoil 2. 04651- Government Hospital Colachel 2 km 226343,04651- 226347 3. Jeme Hospital Colachel 2 km 04651-226327 4. Government Head Padmanabhapuram 17 km 04651-250732 Quarters Hospital 5. Government Hospital Karungal 11 km 04651-207026 6. Sri Ramachandra Mandaikadu 0.5 km 09487764057 Hospital 7. 04651-222356, A.M.K. Hospital Mandaikadu 0.5 km 9442204979 8. Medical Mission Neyyoor 8 km 04651-222222

9. B.S.Medical Centre Thingal Nagar 7 km 04651-222299

108 Ambulance Service

Sl No Locations 1. Nagercoil 2. Kanyakumari 3. Colachel 4. Thuckalay 5. Kulesekaram 6. Boothapandi 7. Aralwaimozhi

Ambulance Service

SI.No Name of the Hospital Location Distance from SPS Phone Nos. 1. Free Ambulance Service - - 1056 2. Dr.Jeyasekaran Hospital, Parvathipuram 23 km 04652 –230019, 230021 3. Krishana Kumar Boan Parvathipuram 23 km 04652 –231322 Fracture 4. Sushrusha Hospital Parvathipuram 23 km 04652 –232346

5. Thilagaram Nursing Home Nagercoil 24 km 04652 –279599 6. Inba Hospital Nagercoil 24 km 04652 –236111

7. Bensam Hospital Vetturnimadam 23 km 04652 –232532

8. Vasantham Health Centre Nagercoil 24 km 04652 –222526

9. Thiraviam Hospitals Nagercoil 24 km 04652 –279595

10. Thilagaram Hospitals Nagercoil 24 km 04652 –279559

List of Marriage Halls

SI.No Name of the Marriage Halls Location Distance from SPS

1. S.S. Auditorium Mandaikaduputhur 0.5 Km 2. Janaki Ammal Hall Mandaikaduputhur 0.5 Km 3. Sugantham Thirumanamandapam Mandaikaduputhur 0.5 Km 4. Abhirami Thirumanamandapam Mandaikaduputhur 0.5 Km

List of Helipad Locations

SI.No Helipad Locations Distance from SPS

1. Armed Reserve force, Maravankudieruppu, Nagercoil 24 km

2. Government Guest House, Kanyakumari 30 km

List of Fire Services Stations

SI.No Location Phone Numbers

1. Colachel 04651-226303

2. Kollencode 04651-246101

3. Kuzhithurai 04651-260200

4. Thuckalay 04651-250799

5. Kulesekaram 04651-277699

6. Kanyakumari 04652-270309

7. Divisional Fire station, Nagercoil 04652-226571

8. District Fire station, Nagercoil 04652-27633

ANNEXURE-III

Cyclone Warning Centres

The Cyclone Warning Centre at the Meteorological Department in Chennai usually communicates the cyclone warnings through the ‘Disaster Warning Systems’ installed at the following offices:

1. District Collectorate - 04652-279090,279555 2. Padmanabhapuram RDO’s Office - 04651-250722 3. Kalkulam Taluk Office - 04651-250724 4. District Revenue Office - 04652-278725

The latest Cyclone Warning may be obtained from any of the Cyclone detection radar stations given below:

SI.No Contact Persons / Offices Contact Telephone Numbers

044-28276752 Dy. Director General of Meteorology, Regional PBX-044-28277061 1. Meteorological Centre, College Road, Chennai-6 044-28230091 to 94 Ext-256 to 260

Director, Area Cyclone Warning Centre, RMC, 044-28271951 2. Chennai 044-28271581 (Fax)

Round the clock-044-28271004 3. Duty Officer, MC, Chennai Off. Hrs 044-28271014/28271578

Cyclone Detection Radar, RajajiSalai, Port Trust, 4. 044-25360187 Centenary Building, Chennai

Fax: 04368-222531 5. Cyclone Detection Centre, Karaikal Phone: 04368-22253 Telex: 04368-222331

044-28277061 Duty Officer, Cyclone Warning Dissemination Day time – 044-28271004, 6. Centre, Chennai 044-28271951 Night time – 044-28271014

SI.No Control Room Telephone No.

1. Collectorate 04652-279090,279091 / Public Emergency Phone No.1077

2. Electricity Board 04652-230010,230160

3. Fisheries Department 04652-227460

4. Kanyakumari Medical Collage, 04652-245176 Aasaripallam, Nagercoil

5. Revenue Divisional Officer, 04651-250722 Padmanabhapuram

6. Coastal Securities Helpline 1093

7. State emergency Operation 1070 centre(SEOC)

8. District Emergency operation 1077 centre (DEOC)

9. Railway helpline 1512

10. Police 100

11. Fire 101

12. Ambulance (National Highways) 1073

Centre for Environment, Health and Safety ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY