INDEX

Acoustic neuroma, 37,83, 129,209, Arachnoid cyst, 38, 63, 74, 83, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, 145 501 99-100,145 Berke modification of the Kronlein Actinomycin-D, 239, 246, 254, Arginine-insulin rolerance test (AlIT), procedure, 280 281-282, 395-396 148 Beta-emitters, 189, 192,301-302 Acute lymphocytic leukemia, 1, 482, Arginine-L-dopa tolerance test, 148 Bilateral adrenalectomy, 161 485-487,493-495,506-507 Arginine rolerance test (AIT), 148 Bilateral cortical disease, 124 Acute nonlymphocytic 1eukemia, 505, Arginine vasopressin (A VP)- Bleomycin, 240, 395-396,463 508 synthesizing neurons, 139, 149, Blood-brain barrier, 55, 58, 221, 223, Adamantinoma, 285-287 154-157,163 237-238,249-254,423-424 Addison's disease, 139, 152, 155 Arteriography, 277 corticosteroid effect, 235 Adenocarcinoma, 32 Arteriovenous malformation, 53, 106, effect on brain metastases, 463 Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), 209,210 Blood-brain tumor barrier, 235-237 37-38,138-139,141-142, Aseptic meningitis, posroperative, 183 Blood sampling test, GH, 147-148 149, 151-153, 155 Astroblasroma, 29 Blood-to-tissue transport, 237 - 238 secretion abnormalities and disorders, Astrocytes, 6, 9-11,19-20,372 Bone marrow involvement, 418, 478 161-163, 297,486 Astrocytoma, 6-24, 65,107-108, Boron-lO, 221, 222, 259 secretion by , 146, 129, 140, 178, 325-328 Brachy-curie therapy, 205 - 206 309,312-315,318-320,467 anaplastic, 59, 206, 208, 214, 240, Brachytherapy, 189-193, 195, 205, Adriamycin, 240, 246, 259, 463 404 207,215,453 Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), 14, 31-32, chemotherapy treatment, 248, 249, Brain metastases, 457 -463 143,259,348,467 251 Brainstem astrocytoma, 180, 233 produced by germ-cell tumors, CTscan, 55-59,62-63,76, 179, Brainstem syndrome, 126 387-388,390,393 328,337-338 Brainstem tumor, 1-2, 133, 178,222, Amine precursor uptake and differential diagnosis of 405-409,470-471 decarboxylation (APUD) ependymoma, 69 combination chemotherapy system, 11 high-grade, 37, 208, 239, 242, treatment, 251-252 Anesthesia, 178, 202 257-258,332-333,337-339 hyperfractionated radiotherapy, 220, Angiography, 2, 53-54, 104, 106, chemotherapy, 247-255 338 134,176,483 low-grade, 37, 208, 209, 221, imaging, 61, 72, 97,100-104, for choroid plexus papilloma, 68 330-334 203,405-409 for craniopharyngioma, 289 malignant, survival dependent on Bromocriptine therapy, 72, 151, for hemangioblasroma, 92, 96 near-total resection, 182 316-319 for medulloblasroma, 427 MRI imaging, 56-58,66 5-Bromo-2-deoxycytidine (BCDR), for meningioma, 363 pilocytic, 144 222,223 for pituitary adenoma, 313-314 recurrent, 185,507 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BUDR), 16, for small angioma, 60 Astroependymoma, 6 206,222-225 Angioma, 55, 60, 68 Autologous bone marrow rescue, Aniridia, genirourinary abnormalities, 255-257,477 and mental retardation (AGR) Autoradiography, tritiated thymidine• Calcium channel blocker, 246 triad,39 labeled, 15, 16 Californium-252 (Cf-252), 198, 216 Anterior clinoid process, 277 Aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ), 236, Carboplatin, 247-248 Antibiotics, prophylactic, 179, 183 248 Carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA), Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 13, 14,33,387 141-143,145,163,297,300, Balloon occlusion technique, 53 Carotid siphon, 69-72 314 Basal cell nevi syndtome, 129 Cavernous sinus, 69-72

517 518

Central nervous system leukemia, Chondrosarcoma, 193, 207 meningioma, 86, 363-365 66-67 Chordoma, 8, 37,193,207 neurofibromatosis, 82-83, 273, 278 Central nervous system (CNS) tumors, Chorea, 122, 128 nuclear tumors, 401-405 465-478 Choriocarcinoma, 7, 14, 30-32, 384, oligodendroglioma, 63-64, Cerebellar astrocytoma, 90-94, 96, 386-389,393,462 328-330, 335 441-454,466-467 blood-brain tumor barrier evident, optic chiasm glioma, 75, 278-280, Cerebellar hemangioblasroma, 130 236 282 Cerebral hemisphere glioma, 325 - 340 Choristoma, 7 optic nerve glioma, 277 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, Choroid plexus papilloma, 6, 67 -68, pineal germinoma, 78 5-8,13-15,91,99-100, 176,197,371-373,375,379 pineal tumors, 77 -80, 391 105,302,313 Choroid plexus tumor, 10-13, 32-33, pituitary adenomas, 69-72, 151, assays for tumor diagnosis, 133, 134, 180,274 313,315,317 145, 289 Cisplatin, 236, 239-240, 242, PNET, 347-348, 351-353 and brain edema, 233-235 247-248,250,463 and radiation injury, 101, 103-104 of craniopharyngioma, 74 Cis-platinum, 395 - 396, 425, 477, retinoblastoma, 105 and ependymoma, 376-377 489 retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma, for germ-cell tumors, 387, Cisternography, 53-54, 76, 83, 97, 87 389-390,392-394,396-397 289 rhabdomyosarcoma, 461 for medulloblastoma, 412, Classification of brain tumors in spinal tumors, 105 -107, 109, 414-417,421-427,430-433, children, 6-7 111-114 435 Clinical trials, 1-3 ruberous sclerosis, 83-85 for PNET, 352-353 Cobalt grey equivalent (CGE), 207 tumor volume determined, 202, 204, imaged in acoustic neuroma, 83 Cobalt-60, 188-191, 198,200-201, 205,224 intraventicular therapy effecr on drug 209,215-216,300 von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, levels, 255 Computed tomography, 2, 5, 53-54, 98-99 IUDR administration, 225 134, 143, 176, 183 Corticosteroids, 1, 17 8 - 179, 183, methotrexate concentration, 239 acoustic neuroma, 83 234-235,297,351,468 penetration by aziridinylbenzo- astrocytoma, 55-59, 76,179,328, for brain metastases, 463 quinone, 248 337-338,404 for medulloblastoma, 411-412 penetration by epipodophyllotoxins, brain metastases in general, 458, long-term use causing cataracts, 489 248 460-463 and radiotherapy-induced changes, shunt, 176-177, 179, 183-184, brainstem astrocytoma, 21, 180 483,484 451-453 brainstem rumors, 61,97, 100-104, sustained use damaging to bone of subependymoma, 34 405-409 growth, 487 -488 to confirm recurrent central nervous central nervous system tumors, to decrease neurotoxicity of system tumor, 467, 469-471, 465-466,471 misonidazole, 214-215 474,476 cerebellar astrocytoma, 90-94, adenoma, 311 and tuberous sclerosis, 84 442-449,451,453 Corticotropin deficiency, 142 Cesium-137, 189-192 cerebral hemisphere glioma, Corticotropin-releasing hormone Chemosensitivity assay, 5-6 326-327, 333 (CRH), 151-153, 161 Chemotherapy, 1, 192,233-259, craniopharyngioma, 73, 141, 184, Cowden's syndrome, 129 338-339,453,485-486, 286,289-290,299 Cranial nerve palsies (CNPs), 405, 466 506-509 dermoid tumors, 98-99 Craniectomy, for posterior fossa tumors, and brain metastases, 459-460, embryonal cell carcinoma, 80 180-181,184 462-463 endodermal sinus tumor, 80 Craniopharyngioma, 7-10, 29-32, brainstem tumors, 407 -409 ependymal neoplasms, 91 127,140-141,207,285-303, for central nervous system tumors, ependymoma, 68-69, 95, 371 470 468,471,473-474,476-478 epidermoids, 99 CTscan, 72-73,141,184,286, for ependymoma, 378-380 for leukemia, 66 289-290,299 for germ-cell tumors, 395 - 396 ganglioglioma, 340 for diabetes insipidus incidence, 129 for medulloblastoma, 412, germ-cell tumors, 385-386, 389, hormonal status needing evaluation, 422-424,435-437 392-393,395 178 for meningioma, 365-366 germinoma, 79 hypothalamic-piruitary hormone for nuclear tumors, 404-405 glioblastoma multiforme, 60, deficiency, 142, 152 forPNET,351-353 327-328 LHRH stimulation test results, 159 Chlorambucil, 352, 395-396 hemangioblastoma, 96 MRI, 74,141,286,289,291,299 Chloroma, 67 medulloblastoma, 88-90, 412-414, recurrent, 185, 192,302-303 Chlorpromazine, 151 416-420,422,425,429-430, stereotactic radiosurgery, 209, 210, Chondrocyte (bones), 10 433-434 300 INDEX 519

Craniotomy, 175, 176 Embolization of hypervascular tumor, Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Curie therapy, 206 53 144,157-159,166,297-298, Cushing's disease, 139, 146, 151-152, Embryonal carcinoma, 7,14,30-32, 309,311,313-315 161,210,312-313,315 80,384,387,390 ForamenofLuschka, 91,375,414 with pituitary adenoma, 315, Endocrine dysfunction, 2, 137, 142, Foramen of Magendie, 91-92, 414 318-319 144 Foramen ofMonto, and Cushing's syndrome, 139, 151,312 Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac craniopharyngioma, 84-85, Cyclophosphamide, 236, 239-240, tumor), 7,14,30-31,80,384, 286,288-290,294,297 243,247-249,395-396,463, 387,390-391 Forbes-Albright syndrome, 311 477 Endothermal sinus cells, 143 Fractionation, 199-200,205, for medulloblasroma, 435 Eosinophilic granuloma. See 207-209,212-215,218-220, inducing tumors, 508 Histiocyrosis X 224,338 Cysteine, 220-221 Ependymal cell, 6, 10, 372 Froin's syndrome, 450 Cyrokeratin, 13, 33, 37 Ependymal neoplasm, 91-92 FUDR,254 Cyrosine arabinoside (Ara-C), 236, Ependymoastrocytoma, 6 239-240, 248-250 Ependymoblastoma, 69, 236, 240, Gadolinium enhancement, 72, 77,83, Cyroxan, 396, 424 248,250,371-373,377-379; 91, 104, 176 see also Glioma Gadolinium-DTPA enhancement, 54, Dacarbazine (DTIC), 236, 239-240, halogenated pyrimidine analogues, 58,90,97,109,114,449 250 223 meningioma MRI, 87 Daunomycin, 259 Ependymoma, 24-26, 33, 107 -109, pineal region tumors, 77 Demyelination, 101,483 134,247,274,369-380;see Gallium-68-labeled EDTA (68Ga_ Dermoidcysr, 7, 38 also Central nervous system EDTA), 236, 238 Dermoid tumor, 80, 97-99 tumor Gamma-emitters, 188-190, 193-194, Desmopressin (DDAVP), 127, 297, anaplastic, 6-8 198,207 299 anaromical relationships, 92 Ganglioglioma, 6, 34, 36-37, 69, Dexamethasone, 352 CSF studies, 13 144,339-340 Diabetes insipidus (nI), 127, 129, 152, CTscan, 68-69, 95, 371 Germ-cell tumor, 14, 30-32, 163,275,310-311,386 incidence, 325, 326, 369, 370 383-397,467;seealsoCentral caused by ADH deficiency, 141, 146 malignant, intraventricular therapy, nervous system tumor in patients with CNS tumors, 139, 255 brain metastases, 457, 459-462 143 myxopapillary, 6, 25 Germinoma, 7-9,13-14,30-32,79, with craniopharyngioma, 288, 292, recurrence, 377,476 140-144,178,384-387 297,302 survival rates, 1 Giant-cell astrocytoma, 129 Diabetes mellitus, 312 Epidermal growth factor, 39 Giant-cell glioblastoma, 6 Diagnosis, 8-9, 133-134 Epidermoid growth facror (EGF), 242 Giant-cell tumor (bone), 38 Diencephalic syndrome, 144-145, Epidermoid tumor, 80, 97, 99 Giant tumor of the spinal cord, 107, 180,275,401 Epipodophytotoxins, 236, 246, 248 113 Diencephalon, and craniopharyngioma, VM-26, 239, 254, 463 Gigantocellular glioma, 6 287 VP-16,256-257 Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), DNA damage, 245, 249-250 Epithelial membrane antigen, 37 9-10,12,15,18-19,348, Dopamine, 140, 151 Euthyroid sick syndrome, 160, 161 450 Dose reduction facror (DRF), 221 Evoked potentials (EV), somatosensory, and astroblastoma, 29 Drop metastasis, 107, 109, 110 179 and choroid plexus tumors, 33 Dumbbell tumor, 109, 112 Ewings' sarcoma, 457-461 for ependymoma, 24 Dwarfism, 145 Exercise test, 147, 148 and medulloblastoma, 26 Dysgerminoma, with astrocytes, 144 External ventricular drain (EVD), and subependymal giant-cell tumor, 176-177,179,183,293,421 35,38 Ectopic pinealoma, 79 Glioblastoma, 15, 21, 29, 213-214; see "8-in-l" regimen (chemotherapy aim Brainstem tumor strategy), 252, 339, 379, 422, Fibroma, compared to meningioma, Glioblastoma multiforme, 6, 20, 23, 437,477 36-37 60,109,252-257,325-328 Electroencephalogram (EEG), 133 Fibronectin, 11-12 after 1-125 seed implantation, 475 Electromyography (EMG), 134 Fibrosarcoma, 6, 105, 361 anatomic considerations, 233 Electton microscopy, 8, 18-19,26, Flap, bone, 183, 184 BUDR and radiotherapy, 223-224 30,32,350,450 Flow cytometry, automated, 15 - 17 cell kinetics studies, 16 of medulloepithelioma, 28 Fluorescin isothiocyanate (FITC), 16 CSF studies, 13-14 of pituitary adenoma, 72 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 223, 236, 241, heavy charged particle beam of subependymoma, 34 253,463 radiotherapy, 208 520

hydroxyurea and BCNU treatment, Hemosiderin, 60, 66, 68 5-lodo-2-deoxyuridine (IUDR), 222, 249 Hepatoblastoma, 459 224-226 hyperthermia effect, 240 Histiocytoma, 462 Iridium-192 (Ir-l92), 191-192, noncontrast CT scan, 55 Histiocytosis X, 10, 11,38, 129, 137 205-206 progression from astrocytoma, 333 Hodgkin's disease, 250, 486, 487, 504, Isolated pituitary resistance to radiosensitized by metronidazole, 506-508 hormone (IPRTH) syndrome, 213 Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), 151 recurrence, case history, 470-471 14,143-144,166,367,387, Isovue (Iopamidol), 53 treatment and survival, 206, 338 390,396 Glioblasromatous tumor, 6 Human growth hormone (hGH), Juvenile graves' disease ()GD), 151 Gliofibroma, 6 replacement therapy, 160 Glioma, 11, 14-17,34-35,74,140, Human menopausal gonadotropin Karyotyping, 5, 8 236,241 (hMG),166 Keratin immunoreactivity, 12,33 grade III - IV, boron neutron capture Hydrocortisone, 138, 147, 161-162, Korsakoff's syndrome, 288 therapy, 221-222 436 malignant, and intra-arterial BUDR, Hydroxyurea, 236, 239-240, 249 Labeling index, 16 223,224 Hypercortisolism, 139 Lamina terminalis, 294-296, 298 malignant, immunotherapy with Hyperosmolar agent, 139, 234-235, Laminin,11 IL-2 cells, 258 238, 252-253 Lasers, 181, 403 recurrent, 185, 206 Hyperphagia, 144,298 Leiomyosarcoma, 6 Gliomatosis cerebri, 6, 23-24, 58 Hyperprolactinemia, 140, 142 Letterer-Siwe disorder. See Histiocytosis Gliosarcoma, 6, 254 Hyperthermia, 216-218, 240-241, X Glucocorticoid, 161-163,234,297, 485 Leu, 7,12 319 Hyperthyroidism, 151, 193 Leucovorin, 249 Glycogen, 30-31 Hypoadrenalism, 292 Leukemia, 137, 147,234-235,238, Gold-198 (Au-198), 191-193,205, Hypocortisolism, 142 358-359,457-460,507-509 301,302 Hypoglycemia, 138, 142,152-153" in chordoma patients, 193 Goldie-Coldman hypothesis, resistance 292, 314 intraventricular therapy, 255 to chemotherapy, 245-246 Hypogonadism, 140-144 IV contrast-enhanced CT scan, 66 adenoma, 311 Hyponatremia, 145, 156 Leukemia/lymphoma, CT scans, 66 Gonadotropin, 139, 141-142, 146, , 137-138, 140,147, Leukoencephalopathy, 100, 104,485 157-159,164-166 153,292,386 Levodopa (L-Dopa), glucagon and Gonadotropin-secreting adenoma, 313 with pituitary adenoma, 310-311, clonidine tests, 148 Granular cell tumor, 7, 10 317-319 Linear energy transfer (LET), 194-198, Granuloma, 74 , 23, 30,74-77,80, 204,208-209,215-216,219, Growth hormone, 37-38,157, 127, 142, 144 466 159-160 and endocrine dysfunction, 138 Lipiodol,53 deficiency, 138-139, 141-143, involvement with histiocytosis X, Lipoma, 7 145-149,164-166,298,386, 146 Lohexol (Omnipaque), 53 485-486 Hypothyroidism, 138, 145, 149-151, L-thyroxine, 160-161 secretion by pituitary adenoma, 71, 160-161,292,297,487 Luteinizing hormone (LH), 144, 139,309,311-315,317-318, and PDI, 155 157-159,166,297-298,309, 320,467 with pituitary adenoma, 310-311 311,313-315 Growth hormone-releasing facror Luteinizing-hormone-releasing factor (GRF), 147, 149 Immunodiagnosis, 9-12 (LRF),144 Insulin-like growth factor (IGF), 298, Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone Hamartoma, 7, 38, 74-76, 129, 140, 300 (LHRH), 157-159, 164, 166, 387 Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), 292,310-311,313-314 hypothalamic, 144, 159, 164 147-149,160 and craniopharyngioma, 288, 298 Hand-Schuller-Christian disease. See Insulin tolerance test (ITT), 148 Lymphoma, 1,7,66,137,457-460 Histiocytosis X Intellectual compromise of brain tumor Lysine vasopressin, 153 Hemangioblastoma, 7 -8, 38, 92, patients, 2, 493-499 96-97, 129, 360 Intermediate filament, 9-11, 18-19, Macroadenoma, 71-7 2 use of angiography, 54, 106, 24,36-37 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 2, 176-177 Intracranial pressure (ICP), 176, 5,54,134,176,202,204-205 Hemangioma, 130 178-179, 182, 288 acoustic neuroma, 83 Hemangiopericytoma, 7,35,360,361 lodine-125 C251), 185, 191, 205-206, astrocytoma, 56-50, 66 Hematoma, 183 225-226,474-475,484 brainstem tumor, 97, 103-104, Hematoporphyrin, 241 lodine-131 (ml), 193,246,259 405-408 INDEX 521

central nervous system rumors, 465, recurrent, 427-430, 465-466, 469, for cerebellar astrocytoma, 453 466,469 476 for ependymoma, 371, 376-377 cerebellar astrocytoma, 91,94,442, recurrent, and radiotherapy, 188, for germ-cell rumors, 392 449 214,468,471-474,476-477 for germinoma, 390 cerebral hemisphere glioma, 326, skin lesions identifying child at risk, for medulloblastoma, 412, 327,330,333 129 414-415,417-418, choroid plexus papilloma, 68 staging system and tumor extent at 425-426,429-432 craniopharyngioma, 74,141,286, diagnosis, 413-418 for PNET, 347, 352-353 289,291,299 stereotactic radiosurgery, 209-21 0 dermoid rumors, 98-99 survival.rares, 1,2, 182 Nelson's syndrome, 312,313,319 ependymal neoplasms, 92 volume irradiated, 200 Nerve sheath tumor, 7, 11, 12 germ-cell tumors, 385 Medulloepithelioma, NOS, 27 - 29 Neurilemoma, 7, 37; Jee also hamartoma, 76 Medullomyoblastoma, 28 Schwannoma hemangioblasroma, 97 Melanoma, 7,11,250,259,460 Neuroblastoma, 1, 11,39,86-88, medulloblastoma, 90, 91, 412, 413, Meningeal hemangiopericytoma, 35 129-130,250,457-462 422,429-430,434 Meningeal leukemia, 248 as extradural rumor of the spinal meningioma, 83, 86-87, 364, 365 Meningeal sarcoma, NOS, 6 cord, 109, 112 neurofibromarosis, 278 Meningeal tumor, 8 primary, 61, 63, 65 nuclear tumors, 401-405 Meningioangioneurinomatosis, 7 Neurofibroma, 7,109,127,277 oligodendroglioma, 61, 64 Meningioma, 6, 8,10-12,35-37, Neurofibromatosis, 82-83, 108-109, optic chiasm glioma, 77, 279-280 83-87, 109, 357-366 129-130, 145-146, pineal rumors, 77, 391 cell kinetics studies, 16 276-278,401,405; Jeealso von piruitary adenoma, 72, 313 dissemination, 470 Recklinghausen disease PNET, 347, 352 radiotherapy trearments, 207, 212 associated with visual pathway and radiation injury, 101, 104 recurrence, 366, 503-504, glioma, 273-274 spinal tumors, 105, 107-109, ll2, 506-507 factor in genetic transmission of 114 seen with neurofibromarosis, 501 childhood brain tumors, 501, rectal glioma, 81, 83 and use of angiography, 54 507 teratoma, 176, 385 and visual pathway glioma, 276, 277 imaging, ll2, 273, 278 to differentiate epidermoid from Meningiris, 66,353 LHRH stimularion test results, 159 arachnoid cysr, 99-100 Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, 6 with meningioma, 357-358 tuberous sclerosis, 84 Metapyrone resring, 153 Neurologic examination, 129-132 visual parhway glioma, 277, 278 Merhemoglobin, 68, 97 Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), 11, 26, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, Methotrexare, 223, 236, 239, 396, 35, 348 98-99 463,477,487 Nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome, Medulloblasroma, 8,17,26-29,61, combinarion rreatment, 243, 248, 502, 509 88-90, 225, 411-437; Jee also 249,251 Nirrogen musrard, 236, 247, 396, 477 Central nervous system rumor; for ependymoma, 378 Nirrosoureas, 236-240, 246-249, Glioma; Primirive for medulloblastoma, 424, 435-436 253-254,337-339, neuroepithelial rumor for PNET, 352 476-477,485,508 Au-198 for irradiation trearment, inducing neurologic injury, 485 BCNU, 214, 236-239, 242, 247, 193 neuropsychological damage in 249,253-256,338 cause of drop metasrasis of spinal leukemia patients, 495, 496 for germ-cell tumors, 396 cord, llO radiation injury, 100, 104 for medulloblastoma, 435-436 cerebellar, III Metrizamide (Amipaque), 53 for PNET, 352 chemotherapy rreatments, 247 -252 MIBG, as PNET tumor marker, 348 and radiotherapy, 219 CSF studies, 13-14, 134 Microadenoma, 71, 72 CCNU (vincristine), 2, 251, 256, GFAP posirivity, 10 Midline syndrome, 145 378-379,396,463,466 halogenated pyrimidine analogues, Mineralizing microangiography, 238 for medulloblastoma, 424, 435, 223 Misonidazole, for CNS rumors, 476 436 hisrology and treatment, 350 Mixed growth hormone and prolactin for optic chiasm glioma, 281-282 intraoperative radiation therapy, 211 cell adenoma, 37 - 38 for PNET, 352 intraventricular therapy, 255 Monoclonal antibodies, 5, 8, 9, 12-13, for medulloblastoma, 423-424, 436 low-stage, 3 16-17 Nominal Standard Dose (NSD) concept, MRI, 90-91, 412-413, 422, Moya-moya pattern, 104 199-200 429-430,434 Myelin basic protein, 12,34 Nononcocyric adenoma, 37 - 38 polyamine levels, 15 Myelography, 53-54, 105-109, Nonsecretory adenoma, 311 posterior fossa, 254, 274, 344,417, lll-114, 134, 218,469-471, Nonthyroidal illness (NTI), 151 419,432-435 476 Nuclear tumor, 401-405 522

Occlusive vasculopathy, 104 Pituitary adenoma, 37-38, 74,127, 316-317 Oculomotor (CNIII) nerves, 126 138-139,145-146,161, Psammoma, 8 Oligoastrocytoma, 6, 333 309-321 Oligoastroependymoma, 6 cell kinetics studies, 16 Quantitative autoradiography (QAR), Oligodendrocyte, 6, 12 imaging, 69-72, 151 237,238 Oligodendroglia, 12 never disseminating, 470 Oligodendroglioma, 6, 12 - 13, 29, producing , 467 Radiation injury, 100-105 33-34,69,325-337,471 radiotherapy-induced changes, 483 Radiation myelitis, 213 and GFAP, 9, 10 stereotactic radiosurgery, 209, 21 0 Radiation thyroiditis, 150 imaging, 60-61, 63-64,328-330, volume irradiated, 200 Radiobiological effectiveness (RBE), 335 Pituitary carcinoma, 7 197-198,207-208,216 Oligoependymoma, 6 Pituitary diabetes insipitus (PDI), Radionuclide, 188-192 Oncocytic adenoma, 37 - 38 154-156 Radiosensitivity, 198,205,206 Oncogene, 5,8,38-40,241-242 , 69-71, 74, 138 Radiotherapy, 187-189, 193-216, Optic chiasm, 69-72,75-77, 123, Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), 219-226,331-340,403-409, 128,144,278-280,282 387 456-478,482-489 glioma, 178,274-276,281-282, Plain film radiography, 55 for cerebellar astrocytoma, 452-453 336 Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGE), ependymoma, 375, 377-380 Optic nerve glioma, 18,23,37,76, 39-40,242 germ-cell tumors, 388-396 129-130, 145,273-274 Pleiotropic drug resistance, 246 intellectual compromise, 280-281 associated with precocious puberty, PI uri hormonal adenoma, 311, 313 medulloblastoma, 411-412, 140, 144, 146 PNET. See Primitive neuroectodermal 422-425,432-437 CT scans, 277 tumor meningioma, 364-366 LHRH stimulation test results, 159 Pneumoencephalography (PEG), 2, neuropsychological damage in radiotherapy-induced changes, 483 133,277,363,417,427 leukemia patients, 494-496 treatment, 280-281 Polar spongioblastoma, 29 PNET, 351,353 Optic nerve hypoplasia, 276 Polyclonal antibodies, 5,8, 12 postoperative for craniopharyngioma, Optic curve sheath hyperplasia, 276, Position emission tomography (PET) 291-292 277 scanning, 134,234,236-238 second primary tumor factor, 501, Optic nerve-sheath tunor, 357 hormone, 163-164 505-509 Osteogenic sarcoma, 457-461 Precocious puberty, 138-140, side effects of craniopharyngioma Osteoporosis, 139 144-146,275,288,315, treatment, 292 Osteosarcoma, 89, 258, 459,501, 386-387 Rathkespouch, 7, 29, 74,140,285, 506-507 Prednisone, 251, 338-339, 352, 379, 287 Oxygen enhancement ratio (OER), 197, 436,476-477 Retinal heman!boblastoma, 38 198,207-208,212-213, Price-Goldie-Hill hypothesis, 243 Retinoblastoma, 13,39, 105, 215-216 Primary brain tumor, 501-502,506-507,509 neuropsychological damage Rhabdomyosarcoma, 1,6,87,89, Pantopaque, 53-54 from radiotherapy, 496-498 457-462 Papilloma, recurrent, 185 Primitive neuroectodermal tumor Roentgenologic examination, 72, Paraganglioma, 7 (PNET), 6-9, 11, 17,26-29, 194-195 Parenchymal mass, 66-67 61-66,69,343-353; see also Rubidium-82 (82Rb+), 234, 238 Parinaud's phenomenon, 129 Central nervous system tumor Perivascular cell-free zones, 24 classification of medulloblastoma, S-100protein, 9-11, 33, 37 Pheochromocytoma, 127, 129 413,426-427 Schwannoma, 7-13, 36-37,460 Phosphorus-32, 185,301,302,405 CSF examination, 13 Second primary tumor, 3, 501-509 Phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin recurrence, 473, 476, 477 Seminoma, 143 (PTAH), 18,348 Primitive neuroectodermal tumor, not Sex steroid therapy, 164-166 Photon activation therapy (PAT), 224, otherwise specified (NOS), 6 Shunting procedure, I, 391-392, 397, 225 Procarbazine, 236, 239-240, 403,452 Pineal germ-cell tumor, 255-256 248-251,254,352,378, for medulloblastoma, 415, Pineal germinoma, 78, 178, 385-386, 476-477 418-419,421-422,433 389-392,394 for medulloblastoma, 424, 436 Sleep test (nocturnal), 147, 158 Pineal mixed glioma, 80 Prolacrin(PRL), 140, 142, 146, 151, SomatomedinC(Sm-C), 147-149, 160 Pinealoma, 142-143,389 160,298,467 Somatotroph adenoma, 139 Pineal teratoma, 79 secretion by pituitary adenoma, 309, Somatotropin release-inhibiting factor Pineal tumor, 77-83, 211, 391 311,313-317,320 (SRIF), 147 Pineoblastoma, 28, 61 Prolactin cell adenoma, 37 - 38 Source-to-skin distance, 190-191 Pineocytoma, 6, 61, 209 Prolactinoma, 140, 15 I, 31 I , Sphenoid sinus, 69-72 INDEX 523

Spinal canal tumor, 106-114 for teratoma, 392 Ultrasonic surgical aspirator, 181-182, Spinal cord Surgical excision (debulking), 233, 351,403 involvement, 376-377,415-418, 256,380 Ultrasound, 107, 134, 180,241 426-428,430-431,434, Survival rates, examples and case 470-471,476 histories, 481-489 Vascular lesions, 38 radiotherapy damage, 484-485 Symptoms of brain tumors, 121-127 Vasopressin, 127 Spinal cord ependymoma, 379 Syndrome ofInappropriate ADH Velban, 396 Spinal tumor, 105-114 secretion (SIADH), 156-157, Ventriculography, 53-54, 84,371 Spongioblastoma, 144 163 Vimentin, 9, 10, 12, 37 Spongioblastoma multiforme, 188 Stereotactic Vinblastine, 246-247, 395-396, 463 Vindoline, 246 biopsy, 185 Tectalglioma, 81, 83 Visual pathway glioma, 273-283 neurosurgical procedures, 2, 473 Teletherapy, 189, 195,206-207,216 Von Hippel-Lindau disease, 38 radiosurgery (gamma knife), Teratocarcinoma, 7, 28 Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, 92, 209-2ll Teratoma, 7,14,30-31,140, 98-99, 129-130 Sturge-Weber syndrome, 129 175-176,384-385 Von Recklinghausen disease, 23, 37, Subependymal giant-cell tumor Therapeutic ratio, 238-239 109,357; stealso (tuberous sclerosis), 6, 34-35, Thiotepa, 236, 248, 256-257 Neurofibromatosis 38,83-85, 129 Thymidine, 222-225 Subependymoma (subependymal Thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) direct glomerate astrocytoma), 6, 34, assay, 150 Water restriction-ADH simulation test, 371,372 Thyroid carcinoma, 127, 193, 506 156 Surgery, 175-185 Thyroid hormone deficiency, 138-139 Wilms' tumor, 1,39,89,457-461, for brain metastases, 459-460, 463 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 496,506 for central nervous system tumors, 138-143,146,149-151,161, World Health Organization, 466-469,471-473,476 309,313-315,486 classification scheme, 6-7, 26 for cerebellar astrocytoma, 451-454 Thyrotropic cell adenoma, 311 WR-2721,221 for ependymoma, 374-375 Thyrotropin, 160 - 161 for germ-cell tumors, 389-393 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), Xanthoastrocytoma, pleomorphic, 9 for medulloblastoma, 411-412, 149-151,160,314-315,486 X-ray, 187-190, 193-194, 198, 418-421,427,432-434,476 Thyrotropin-secreting adenoma, 313, 202-203,207,216,224-225 for meningioma, 363-366,472 314 halogenated pyrimidine analogues, for non-germ-cell tumors of the Thyroxin therapy, 147, 150 222 pineal region, 387 Tinea capitus, 358-359, 504 for nuclear tumors, 402 -403, 405 Transsphenoidal surgery, 316, forPNET,350-351 318-321 Yttrium-90, 300-302, 405