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Two New Plant Genera of Pennsylvanian Age from Kansas Coal Balls

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Two New Plant Genera of Pennsylvanian Age from Kansas Coal Balls Two New Plant Genera of Pennsylvanian Age from Kansas Coal Balls By SERGIUS H. MAMA Y A SHORTER CONTRIBUTION TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 254-D Descriptions and illustrations of Tyliosperma and Sclerocelyphus fructi.ft cations UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1954 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director • For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 55 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 81 Introduction__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 81 Souroo, age of the materiaL ______________________________________________________________________________ -______ 81 Systeinatiodescriptions_________________________________________________________________________________________ 82 Sclerocelyphus oviform us Mamay, n. gen., n. sp _______________________________________________ ---- ____ --------- 82 Tyliosperma orbiculatum Mamay, n. gen., n. sp __________________________________________________· ___________ - _- 85 Morphological and systematic considerations _______________________________________________________________ - __ --_- 93 Literaturecited------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 95 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE 21. Photomicrographic illustrations of Sclerocelyphus oviformus Mamay _______________________ - ___ - ____ -- _- Follows 95 22-23. Photomicrographic illustrations of Tyliosperma orbiculatum Mamay _______________________________ - _--- Follows 95 FIGURE 2. Camera Iucida drawings of serial peel sections of Tyliosperma orbiculatum Mam&Y---------------------------- 88, 89 3. Reconstruction showing external aspect of Tyliosperma orbiculatum Mamay ___________________ - ____ - _- __ ---- 92 4. Partially restored semidiagrammatic median longitudinal section of Tyliosperma orbiculatum Mamay- - ---_----- 92 III A SHORTER CONTRIBUTION TO GENERAL GEOLOGY TWO NEW PLANT GENERA OF PENNSYLVANIAN AGE FROM KANSAS COAL BALLS BY SERGIUS H. MAMAY ABSTRACT spores; thus, it may be either the microsporangium. of a The strip-mined coal producing area of southeastern Kansas heterosporous plant or the fructification of an other­ has recently been discovered to contain coal balls in great abun­ wise unknown homosporous form. Although there dance. The fossil plant contents of these coal balls are extremely is some evidence at hand in favor of it being a micro­ diverse; as a result of the present investigation of this material, two new genera: of fructifications may now be added to American sporangium, this cannot be definitely established at Pennsylvanian floral assemblages. The generic names Sclero­ present. Sclerocelyphus is, in several considerations, a celyphus and Tyliosperma are proposed for these fructifications. most enigmatic fructification. It differs strikingly from Sclerocelyphus is a peculiar sporangium containing numerous any fructification hitherto recorded in American fossil small spores; in certain features it resembles the megasporangium floras; indeed, the single fossil plant with which it com­ Mittagia seminiformis Lignier. Tyliosperma is a small cupulate pteridospermous seed whose structural simplicity suggests a pares favorably as to structural details is the megaspo­ primitive position among the seed ferns. rangium described by Lignier (1913) as Mittagia semini­ formis, found in coal balls from the Koksfloz in Lower INTRODUCTION Silesia. This paper deals with two new Pennsylvanian fructifi­ Tyliosperma, the second fructification, is a small, cations that were found in coal balls collected at the simple seed whose organization indicates affinities with strip pits of the Pittsburgh and Midway Coal Company the pteridosperms. While its gross morphological near West Mineral, in southeastern Kansas. Investi­ features are reminiscent of such other Paleozoic seeds as gations of coal balls from this recently discovered rich Conostoma and Lagenostoma, its structural details are on locality are now being conducted in several American the whole simpler and convey the impression of a more paleobotanical laboratories. Baxter (1951) recently primitive fructification. Aside from its structural published a report of this coal ball occurrence; Dele­ simplicity, Tyliosperma is of additional interest in that voryas and Morgan (1952) have described a new species its organic connection with a cupulate organ has been of Tubicaulis (T. multiscalarijormis) from this locality, observed. Such instances of demonstrable attachment and a preliminary survey of the flora has recently ap­ between petrified seeds and supporting organs are rare; peared (Andrews and Mamay, 1952). Although these the classical investigation of Lagenostoma lomaxi by studies are yet in their incipient stages, it has already Oliver and Scott (1904) may be cited here as the out­ become obvious that the vegetable content of these standing example of this sort of discovery. Unfortu­ petrifactions represents probably the most diverse nately, however, the single specimen of Tyliosperma floral assemblage yet discovered in coal balls. Thus, in which this connection has been demonstrated does distinct new entities, such as that described by Dele­ not shed any light upon the question of the identity voryas and Morgan and those to be described in this of the stem that bore these interesting seeds or the paper, may reasonably be expected to be found in some position they occupied on the parent plant. abundance as the investigations progress. The two fructifications that form the subject of this SOURCE, AGE OF THE MATERIAL paper entail se~eral fundamental points of morphologi­ The specimens were found in coal balls collected at cal interest, whiGh will be discussed at some length in the strip pits of the Pittsburgh and Midway Coal the conclusion. Aside from this, further interest lies Company, about 4 miles south of West Mineral, Kans. in their appearance as two new generic additions to (Columbus Quadrangle, Cherokee County). The American coal-ball floral assemblages. Fleming coal, in which these petrifications occur, lies in Sclerocelyphus, the first fructification to be discussed, the upper part of the Cherokee shale, which belongs to is a peculiar sporangium containing numerous small the Desmoinesian series of the Pennsylvanian as classi- 81 82 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY fied by the Kansas State Geological Survey (see Aber­ The sporangial wall.-The sclerotic outer layer of the nathy, 1946). The collection was made in March I950 sporangia! wall shows some variation in thickness (pl. with Dr. H. N. Andrews, of Washington University, St. 21, fig. 12). In places where it is appressed to that of Louis, Mo., who kindly deposited the specimens with an adjacent sporangium, it may not exceed 40,u in me for investigation. thickness; otherwise, it reaches a thickness of 100,u. To the best of my knowledge, both Sclerocelyphus and As suggested by Hoskins and Cross (1943, p. 127) in Tyliosperma are unique to coal balls from this locality~ reference to the sporangia of Bowmanites trisporangia­ tus, this variation in thickness may well be a growth SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS phenomenon, the less thickly developed portions of the Sclerocelyphus oviformus Mamay, n. gen., n. sp. wall being a reflection of pressure produced during the early stages of development of a compact group of Plate 21, figures 1-12 sporangia. A similar variation in wall thickness is General description.-A single coal ball (WCB 71I-B) present in sporangia of Mittagia seminijormis (see provided all the Sclerocelyphus material on hand. A Lignier, 1913, p. 54); Lignier also suggested ontogenetic preliminary saw cut exposed a group of several inti­ appression, writing: mately associated sporangia; these were investigated by * * * leur juxtaposition est en realite la cons~quence d'une means of a closely spaced series of IIO Parlodion peel croissance c~te a cate sur un m~me organe c'est-a-dire, en somme, sections. qu'ils appartenaient a un m~me sore. During the preparation of the peel series, about 60 In one instance the appression of two sporangia was essentially complete sporangia were exposed. These apparently great enough to produce a slight interlocking all lie fairly close to each other (within an area of not of their outer wall cells during ontogeny. This, how­ more than about 2 em in diameter in any single section), ever, is not sufficiently consistent of occurrence to and many are appressed to each other with a conse­ provide grounds for a synangial interpretation of the quential flattening of contiguous sporangia! wall sur­ fructification. faces. This feature is shown in plate 21, figure I2. Apart from the slightly thinner surfaces of contact The orientation of the group of sporangia shown in between walls of contiguous sporangia, there is no plate 21, figure 10 is of particular interest. These systematic thickening of the sporangia! walls that sporangia all lie with their axes oriented in nearly the would suggest an annulate dehiscence mechanism. same direction; this suggests that they were preserved When viewed in transverse section, cells of the outer in essentially natural positions without first having layer appear irregularly hexagonal in outline, with long become detached from the supporting appendages of the and short
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