2 DORSETSHIRE. I [KELLY'S

from Maiden Newton, through , to the coast Regis)~ Bolclanio (), and Clavinio (Weymouth). at Burton Bradstock, or East Bay, and another from Other settlements were Alcester, Stoborough, Char­ Upwey Junction to Abbotsbury. borough, Chelborough, Gainsborough, Bedcister, Hor­ The joint line of the Great Western and London chester, Hogchester. A great road, named by the Eng­ and South Western railways passes from Weymouth lish the Ikening, or Ikenield way (Via Iceniana), comes into the and round its east coast to in by Woodyates, pa!jses through burnovaria, and goes . Southwell. There are lines of coaches in connection to the west. At Durnovaria, the most famous of the with the railways from Crewkerne to and remains is the amphitheatre. The part of Ikening way, Bridport, Axminster to Charmouth and to , near Dorchester, called Ackling Dike, is in fair preserva­ Gillingham to Mere and Semly to . tion. The manufactures are sail-cloth, sacking, nets, shoe­ On the downs and cliffs are many camps and barrows, makers' thread, paper, silk and agricultural implements, Briti<~h, ~elgian, Roman or English; among these are carried on at Bridport, Beaminster, Blandford, Bourton, Badbury and Maumbury, those on the Stour between Gillingham, , Wimborne and Dorchester; wiih Sturminster and Bradford, Weatherbury, Eggardon, malting and brewing. The potteries are of some im­ Loosebarrow, Rowbarrow, Shaftesbury, Melbury, Hazel­ portance. In some of the large towns are iron foundries. bury, Spettisbury, , Abbotsbury, Netherbury, Ships and yachtl are built at Poole. The chief fisheries , Hamilton Hill, Worbarrow, Woolbarrow, are those of mackerel ; oyster beds are likewise kept Chnrchbarrow, Flowersbarrow, Wardstonebarrow, Black­ up. In the riversa, salmon, trout, jack and eels are barrow, Woodbury, Boltonbarrow, Banbury, Westbury, caught. The fishing towns are Poole, , Lul­ Figbury, Lushbarrow, Conquerbauow, Laurencebarrow, worth, Weymouth, Bridport and Lyme. Churehbarrows, Seabarrow, , Knapbarrow, The import trade is in the supply of coals, timber Rullbarrow, Dodsbury, Broadfordbarrow, Barrow Hill, and 'wine, with some Newfoundland trade. The exports Henbury, Strawbarrow, Kingbarrow, Ballbarrow, Great­ are Purbeck and , clay, many thousand barrow, Egertonbarrow, Boorsba.rrow, Longbarrow, tol)s of which are annually sent to the potteries, Port­ Stablebarrow, Powbarrow, Bridwellbarrow, Ma.werbury, land cement, bricks, sheep, wool, butter, poultry, cheese, Rnzbury, Eastbury and Westbury, near Tarrant Gunp ale, cider and mackerel. Yille, Thornoombe, Bealon, Mowlamsbarrow, Tadnoll­ The inhabitants on the coast depend on the fisheries, barrow, Lordsbarrow, Endbarrow, Youbarrow, Cerne­ which in 1909 employed 76 tnen and boys, and on barrow, Stonebarrow, Swyrsebarrow, Cholbury, Hake­ quarries and visitors to the watering places. These last bury, Swan Knoll, Round Pound and Five Meersbarrow. are Weymouth, Swanage, Lyme Regis and Parkstone. Many tesselated pavements, al90 pottery and Roman The havens are Poole, Wareham, Swa.nage, Weymouth, coins, have been found. The whole number of Roman :Eridport, Lyme and St.udland Bay ; but Lyme has much camps has been reckoned at 2.5. fallen off. A breakwater has been made in Portland Bay, so as to form li great harbour of refuge over After the fall of the Romans and Britons this shire against Cherbourg, capable of sheltering :zoo \Tessels in became part of the kingdom of the West Saxons. and safety; it extends 2! miles out to sea, and form3 a the see of a bishop; the kings dwelt here at Oorfe Castle roadstead four miles long. · and Kingst()n, and in the minsters many of them are The county contains 285 civil parishes. buried. On the shore near W areham, Portland and Dorsetshire is in the province of Canterbury, Salisbury Charmouth, many fights took place with the Danish diocese, and forms an archdeaconry, subdivided into rovers. In the Parliamentary War the gentry took part the rural deaneries of Bridport, comprised in the Abbots­ with the King, and held out in many seiges and fights, bury, Bridport, Lyme and Beaminster portions ; Dor­ in which their castles were ruined; the townsmen sided chester, in the Dorchester, Weymouth and Purbeck por­ with the Parliament, but the country people held aloof from both King and Parliament, and formed companies tions; Pimperne, in the Blandford and Wimborne por­ tions; Shaftesbury, arranged in Shaftesbury, , of " clubmen " to keep them off. Sherborne and portions; and Whit­ Dorsetshire had formerly many rich and old abbeys of church, consisting of the Bere Regis, Poole, Cerne and Benedictines and Cistercians ; among those were Mel­ l\1ilton portions. and Trent parishes are in the ton, Sherborne, Shaftesbury, Cerne, Abbotsbury, Forde diocese of Bath and Wells and Wells arcbdf:'aconry. (), Bindon, Cranborne and Horton; likewise Goa.thill is in rural deanery and Trent in priories at Dorchester, Bridport, Wareham, , Merston rural deanery. Frampton and Spettisbury. Sherborne was the see of a Dorsetshire is in the Western circuit and has one bishop from 705 to 1075. There are still some Oatholic f'onrt of Quarter iessions, held at Dorchester and Poole, nunneries and chapels well endowed by the wealthy and f()rms nine petty sessi-onal , members of that communion. sittings at Blandford; Bridport, sittings at Bridport, The objects of interest are many: the fossils of tha Beaminster and Thorncombe; Cerne, sittings at Cerne Isles 'Of Purbeck and Portland and of Lyme Regis ; the Abbas; Dorchester, sittings at Dorehester and Portland ; shore scenery, Lulworth Cove, and Chesil Bank (the Shaftesbury, sittings at Shaftesbury and Gillingham; curious spit which joins the Isle of Portland to the Sherborne, sitting-s at Sherborne; Sturminster, sittings main); the amphitheatre at Dorchester; Agglestone, at Sturminster Newton; Wareham, sittings at Ware­ Puckstone, Hellstone, Bad bury Rings, Maumbury; the ham and Swanage; and Wimborne, sittings at Wim­ pits on Bladen Heath; the earthworks surrounding borne and Cranborne. The town of Poole is a county Wareham; the figure on the Giant's Hill, Jlear Cerne, of itself. which is an ancient figure cut in outline on the chalk, County Courts are held at Blandford, Bridport, Dor­ 180 feet long; at is 8 similar figure of 8 l'h.Pster, Poole, Shaftesbury, Wareham, Weymouth and horse and rider covering an acre of ground, represent­ , all in Circuit No. SS· Dorchester ing George Ill. on horseback; the churches at Shaftes­ and Poole have jurisdiction in bankruptcy and bury, Sherborne and Wimborne; and the remains of the Admiralty. abbeys and priories. The municipal boroughs are, Blandford, population in IQII, 3,477; Bridport, 5,919; Dorchester, 9,842; Lyme The Registration districts are: Regis, 2,722; Poole, 38,885; Shaftesbury, 1,873; Ware­ ham, 2,002; Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, 22,324. - - - Other towns are Portland, 17,on; Sherborne. 5·953; No. Name. Area. Pop. 1911. Swanage, 4,689; and Wimborne Minster, 3,7II; Bea­ minster, 1,86o; Bere Regis, 1,059; Cerne Abbas, .'585 ; , 1,406; Cranborne, 702; Gillingha.m, 3,570; Stalbridge, 1,386; and Sturminster Newton, 257 Shaftesbury 43,o88 U,783 Sturminster 2 s,so4 1,787· 258 39·34 Dorsetshire seems to have been taken from the Britons 259 Blandford 61,958 12,246. by the Belgian Durotriges, likewise called Morini, which 260 Wimborne 81,533 18,675 words are said to mean "dwellers by the sea." Of the 261 Poole 25,300 45,190 Wareham Britons ~ptd Belgians there seem to be many remains-s- 262 92,49:1 17,258 Weymouth as Agglestone and Puckstone, near Studland, in the 263 • 33,223 47·733 Isle ()f Purbeck ; Portisham Cromlech, called Hellstone, 264 tDorchester II7,473 24,371 a. circle of stones near Winterborne St. Martin; another 265 Sherborne 38,4II u,871 near Pokeswell, and another at Little Breedy; perhaps 266 Bea.minster ss,693 9,213 Badbury Rings belongs to this period. :Z67 llridport 32,836 12,65o Under the Romans it wa& a part of Britannia Prima, - • and they had many settlements, as Durnovaria (Dor­ chester), Morinio (Wareham), Vindio Gladia (Wim­ t Two unions :_._Dorchester, area, 70,733; pop. 19,456; borne)1 Canca Arista (Charm()uth), Londinis (Lyme Cerne, area, 46,741; pop. 4,915.