isb48-3_cv_isb48-3_cv 11/13/2014 11:11 AM Page 2
International Society of Barristers
Volume 48 Number 3
CIVILIAN CONTROL OF THE MILITARY: THE MOST IMPORTANT THING YOU’VE NEVER THOUGHT ABOUT Richard H. Kohn, PhD
THE NEW WORLD DISORDER Gen. Anthony Zinni
CURING SPINAL-CORD INJURIES Wise Young, MD
THE YANKEE LAWYER: HOW DAVE NIXON DISARMED PUBLISHING GIANT GOLDEN BOOKS WITH A FEW SHORT LETTERS Kristen Senz
Quarterly isb48-3_cv_isb48-3_cv 11/13/2014 11:11 AM Page 3
Annual Meetings
2015: March 8–14, Ritz-Carlton Key Biscayne, Key Biscayne, Florida
2016: April 10–16, Grand Del Mar, San Diego, California
2017: March 19–25, Ritz Carlton, Cancun, Mexico International Society of Barristers Quarterly Volume 48 2014 Number 3 CONTENTS ǣ ǯ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳ Richard H. Kohn, PhD ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤʹͻ Gen. Anthony Zinni Ǧ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷͳ Wise Young, MD
ǣ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺͳ Kristen Senz
International Society of Barristers Quarterly
Editor Ǥ Associate Editor
Editorial Advisory Board
Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡ Editorial Office
ͻͲ͵Ͳ ǡʹͲͺǦͲ͵Ͳ ȋͻͳͻȌͳ͵ǦͲͺͷ ȋͻͳͻȌͳ͵Ǧʹ͵ͳ Ǧǣ̷ǤǤ Ͷͺ ͵ ʹͲͳͶ ȋ ͲͲͶǦͻͲȌȋ ͲͲʹͲǦ ͺͷʹȌ ǡ ǡ ͻͲ͵Ͳǡ ǡ ʹͲͺǦͲ͵ͲǤ Ǥ ǣ̈́ͳͲǤ ͶͶ Ǥ Ƭ Ǥǡ Ǥǡ ͳʹͺͷ ǡ ǡ ͳͶʹͲͻǦ ͳͻͳͳǢ ǡ ǤǡͳͷͶͲ ǡ ǡͺͷʹͳǤǣ Ǥ ǡ ǡͻͲ͵ͲǡǡʹͲͺǦͲ͵ͲǤ ̹ʹͲͳͶ
International Society of Barristers Board of Governors 2014–2015 ǤǡKansasǡ ǤǡFloridaǡ ǤǡCaliforniaǡ ǤǡLouisianaǡ Ȃ ǤǡUtahǡ ǤǡNorth Carolinaǡ Ƭ
2012–2015* Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ohio Nebraska Michigan ǤǤȋȌ Ǥ Georgia Washington 2013–2016* Ǥ Ǥ Texas Kansas Minnesota Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Colorado California 2014–2017* Montana Texas Michigan Ǥ British Columbia Maine
*Ǥ
International Society of Barristers Past Presidents ǡǡȋͳͻͳͶȂͳͻͻͺȌ ͳͻ Ǥǡǡ ȋͳͻʹʹȂʹͲͳͳȌ ͳͻ ǤǡǡȋͳͻͳȂͳͻͶȌ ͳͻͺ Ǥ ǡ ǡȋͳͻͲͻȂͳͻͺͲȌ ͳͻͻ Ǥ ǡǡȋͳͻʹͲȂʹͲͲ͵Ȍ ͳͻͲ Ǥ ǡǡȋͳͻʹͶȂʹͲͲͻȌ ͳͻͳ Ǥ ǡǡȋͳͻʹʹȂʹͲͳʹȌ ͳͻͳ ǤǡǡȋͳͻͳͺȂʹͲͲͳȌ ͳͻʹ Ǥ ǡǡ ȋͳͻͳȂͳͻͺͶȌ ͳͻ͵ Ǥǡ ǡ ȋͳͻʹʹȂʹͲͲȌ ͳͻͶ Ǥ ǡǡȋͳͻͳͺȂʹͲͳ͵Ȍ ͳͻͷ ǤǡǡȋͳͻʹͲȂͳͻͺͲȌ ͳͻ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ȋͳͻʹʹȂʹͲͲȌ ͳͻ ǤǡǡȋͳͻʹͺȂͳͻͻȌ ͳͻͺ Ǥǡǡ ͳͻͻ ǡǡȋͳͻʹͺȂͳͻͻȌ ͳͻͺͲ Ǥ ǡǡȋͳͻʹͶȂʹͲͲͲȌ ͳͻͺͳ Ǥ ǤǡǡȋͳͻʹͺȂʹͲͳͶȌ ͳͻͺʹ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ȋͳͻʹͲȂʹͲͲͶȌ ͳͻͺ͵ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ͳͻͺͶ Ǥǡǡ ȋͳͻʹʹȂʹͲͲͶȌ ͳͻͺͷ Ǥǡ ǡ ȋͳͻ͵ȂͳͻͻͻȌ ͳͻͺ ǤǡǡȋͳͻʹͷȂʹͲͳʹȌ ͳͻͺ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ͳͻͺͺ ǤǡǡȋͳͻʹͶȂʹͲͲͳȌ ͳͻͺͻ Ǥ ǡǡȋͳͻʹȂʹͲͳͲȌ ͳͻͻͲ Ǥ ǡǡȋͳͻʹȂʹͲͲ͵Ȍ ͳͻͻͳ ǤǡǤǡ ͳͻͻʹ ǡ ǡȋͳͻ͵ͲȂʹͲͲͺȌ ͳͻͻ͵ Ǥ ǡǡ ͳͻͻͶ Ǥǡ ǡ ͳͻͻͷ
Past Presidents Ǥǡ ǡ ͳͻͻ Ǥǡǡȋͳͻ͵͵ȂʹͲͳͶȌ ͳͻͻ Ǥ ǡǡ ͳͻͻͺ Ǥǡǡ ͳͻͻͻ Ǥǡǡ ʹͲͲͲ ǡ ǡ ʹͲͲͳ ǡǡ ȋͳͻ͵ȂʹͲͲȌ ʹͲͲʹ Ǥǡ ǡ ʹͲͲ͵ Ǥǡǡȋͳͻ͵ͺȂʹͲͳ͵Ȍ ʹͲͲͶ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ʹͲͲͷ Ǥǡǡ ʹͲͲ Ǥǡ ǡ ʹͲͲ Ǥ ǡǡ ʹͲͲͺ Ǥ Ǥǡ ʹͲͲͻ Ǥǡ ʹͲͳͲ Ǥ ǡ ǡʹͲͳͳ Ǥǡ ǡ ʹͲͳʹ Ǥǡǡ ʹͲͳ͵
International Society of Barristers Membership Chair Ǥ State & International Membership Chairs ǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
State & International Membership Chairs Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ×Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, AND CIRCULATION (PS Form 3526) ͳǤ ǣ ʹǤ ǤͲͲͶǦͻͲ ͵Ǥ ǣʹʹͲͳͶ ͶǤ ǣ ͷǤ ǣ Ǥ ǣ̈́ͳͲǤͲͲ Ǥ ǣʹͳͲ ǡǡ ʹͲͺǦͲ͵Ͳ ͺǤ ǣ ǡʹͳͲ ǡǡʹͲͺǦͲ͵Ͳ ͻǤ ǡǡǣ Ǥ ǡʹͳͲ ǡǡʹͲͺǦͲ͵Ͳ ͳͲǤ ǣ ǡ ǡʹͲͳͲ ǡǡʹͲͺǦͲ͵Ͳ ͳͳǤ ǡǡ ǡǡ ǣ ͳʹǤ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ͳʹǤ ͳ͵Ǥ ǣ ͳͶǤ ǣ ʹͲͳͶ ͳͷǤ ǣ Average no. copies Actual no. copies each issue during of single issue published preceding 12 months nearest to filing date Ǥ ȋ ͻͳͷǤͷ ͻ͵Ͳ Ȍ ǤȀ ͳǤ Ȁ ͺͺ ͻͲͲ ʹǤ Ǧ Ȁ Ͷ Ͷ ͵Ǥ ǡ Ͳ Ͳ ǡ ͶǤ Ͳ Ͳ Ǥ ͺͻͲ ͻͲͶ Ǥ ͳǤ Ͳ Ͳ ʹǤ Ǧ Ͳ Ͳ ͵Ǥ ͳͶ ͳͷ ͶǤ Ͳ Ͳ ǤǦ ͳͶ ͳͷ Ǥ ͻͲͶ ͻͳͻ Ǥ ͳͳǤͷ ͳͳ Ǥ ͻͳͷǤͷ ͻ͵Ͳ Ǥ Ȁ ͻǤͷ ͻǤʹ ȗȗȗ ͳǤ ǤͶͺǡǤ͵ Ǥ ͳǤ Ǥ ǤǡEditor
CIVILIAN CONTROL OF THE MILITARY: THE MOST IMPORTANT THING YOU’VE NEVER THOUGHT ABOUT* Richard H. Kohn, PhD** I INTRODUCTION
Ǧǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ̈́ʹͷͲͲ ǯ ǤǤ ǯ ǣ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ ͳͺ͵ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ȃ ǡ
ȗ ǡǡǡ ǡ ʹͲͳͶǤ ȗȗ ǡǡǡ ǡ ǡǢ Ǥ
ͳ ʹ
Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǤ ǡ Ǥ Ȃ Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǧ ǡ Ȃ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ȃ ǯ ǣ Ǥ ǡ Dz ǯ ǯ Ǥ ǯ ǯǤdzǡ ǯ Ǥ
II SIX MYTHS
Myth #1: All Is Well ͵
Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ͳͻ ʹͲ Ǥ ǡ ǤǤ ǡ ǡǤǡ ǡ Ǥͳ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ DzǤdz ǡ Ǥ ǯ ǤǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǯ ǯ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ͳͻͻʹ
ͳǤ ǡ ǡ ǣ ȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ Ͷ
Ǥ ǯǡ ǡ ǡ ǤǤʹ
Myth #2: No Coup, No Problem ǣ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡǡǤǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ intends ǡ ǯ assure Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡǤ ǡ Ǣ ǯ ǡ Ǥǯ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡ
ʹǤSee Ǥ ǡ The Erosion of Civilian Control of the Military in the United States TodayǡͷͷǤǤͻȂͷͻȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ ͷ
ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Dzdz Ǥ͵ ǡ Ǥ ǡǤ ͳͻ͵ͳͻͷ ͳͻͺͲǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥǫ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͲǡ ǤͶ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ
͵Ǥ Ǥ ǡ War, Presidents, and the Constitutionǡ ͳͺ ͷͳ͵ ȋͳͻͻͺȌǢ Ǥ ǡ Congress, the President, and Military Policyǡ ͳ͵ȂͶȋͳͻͺͺȌǤ ͶǤǡ ǣ ʹͲͲȂʹͲͲͺǡʹͺȂ ͺͻ ȋʹͲͲͺȌǢ Ǥ ǡ ͵ͷȂͺ ȋʹͲͳͲȌǢ Ǥ ǡ The Right to Be Right: Civil-Military Relations and the Iraq Surge Decisionǡ ͵ͷ ǯ ȋʹͲͳͳȌͺͻȂͳʹͶǤ
Ǥ ǯǡ ǯǤ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ʹͲͳͲǤ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǣǡ Ǣ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǣǡ ǡ Ǣǡǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǣ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ͳͻͷͲǤ Ǥ ǡ
ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǫ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥͷ Ǧ Ǣ ǡ Ǧ Ǥǯ ǦǦǦǤ ǡ ǡǡǤ Ǥ ǡ Ǣ ǡ Ǥ Ȅ ǡ Ȅ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡ
ͷǤǤ ǡOf Chasms and Convergences: Attitudes and Beliefs of Civilians and Military Elites at the Start of a New Millennium, ǣ Ȃ ʹͺǡ͵͵ǡ͵ͷ͵ͺȂ͵ͻǡͶͺȂͶͻǡͷʹȂͷͶǡͷͷǡͷͺǡ ͲǡͳǡͶǡͷǡǡͺȂͻǡͳǡʹȂ͵ǡȂǡͺȂͻǡͺͳǡͺ͵ǡͺȂͺǡͺͺǡͺͻǡͻͳȋ Ǥ Ƭ ǤǡǤȌȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ Ǥ ǡsupraʹǡ ʹ͵Ȃ͵͵ǢǤ ǡǣ ǡ ǡ Ȃ ȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ȋͳͻʹȌǢ Ǥ ǡ ǡOrigins of the American Coup of 2012ǡʹʹȋͳͻͻʹȌʹȂʹͲǤ ͺ
ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ȂǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ȃ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ͳͺͳʹǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ͳͺͶͲǡ ͳͺͷʹ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯǤ ǯ United States ͳͻͶͻǡ Ǥ Ǥ ͻ
ǯ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡ Dz Ǥdzͺ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ ǯ ǯǤ ǯ ͳͻͻͲ ǯ ǡ ǡ ʹͲͲͳ ʹͲͳͳǤ Ǥ ͳͻͻͲ ǯ Ǥ ǯǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǯ Ǣ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ
ͺǤ Ǥǡ ǡͳͻͷȂͳͻͲǡͷǡͶ ȋͳͻͻȌǤ ͳͲ
ǡʹͲͳͶǡ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ ʹͲͲǡ Ǥ DzǤdz Ǥ Ǥͻ ǫ ǯ ǫ ǡǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ȋ Ȍǡ ǡ ǡ DzȏȐ ǡ ǤdzͳͲ ǡ DzȏȐ ǡdz Ǥ DzǮ ǡǯdz ȏȐǤdzͳͳ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ
ͻǤ ǡ supra Ͷǡ ͵ͺͷȂͺͺǢ Ǥ ǡ ǣ ǡʹͲͲȂʹͲͲͺǡʹͶ͵ȂͷͳȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ ͳͲǤ ǡ ͳͲͳȋͳͻͶȌǤ ͳͳǤIdǤ ͳͳ
Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ȋȌǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ͳͻͻͷǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǦǤ ǡ ͳͻͶǡ Ǥ Ǥͳʹ ǡ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ʹͲͲͻǡ Dz ǡ ǤdzǯǡDzǤǤdzͳ͵ ǡǡǯ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Dz ǡǮ ǤǯdzͳͶ
ͳʹǤ Ǥǡ ǣ Ȃ ȋʹͲͲȌ ǣ ȋʹͲͲȌ ʹͲͲǤ ͳ͵ǤǡsupraͶǡʹͶǤ ͳͶǤǤ ǡǣ ͺȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ ͳʹ
ǡ Ȃ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Dz ǯ Ǥdzͳͷ ǡ ǡǣDz Ȃ ǡǡǤǤǤǤdzͳ
Myth #3: A Bright Line Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǣDzǯǡ Ǥdzͳ ǯ Ǥǡ ǯǤ ǡ ǡ ȂǤ Ǥ ǯ ȋȌǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
ͳͷǤIdǤ͵ͺʹǤ ͳǤForewordǡ Ȃ ǣ ǡȋǤƬǤǡǤȌȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ ǣȀȀǤ ǤȀ ȀȀ̴ȀͶͲͲʹͷͶǣȀȀ ǤǤȀȀ ̴̴ȋ ̴ Ȍ ͳǤ ǡNational Journalǡ ǡ ǡǡǡ Ǥȋ ǤʹȂʹͻǡͳͻͻͻȌǤ Ǥ ͳ͵
ǡ ǡ ǫ ǡ ǡ ʹͲͲͶǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥͳͺ Ǥ Dz ǡ Ǥdzͳͻ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǯ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ
ͳͺǤ Ǥ ǡ ǣ IRAQI ʹͲͲͶǦ ʹͲͲǡ Ȃͳͺ ȋʹͲͳʹȌǤ ̵ Ǥ ͳͻǤIdǤǤ ͳͶ
Ǥ ǤʹͲ ǡ ǡnot Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǡ Ǥʹͳ ǡǡ Ǥ ǫ Ȃ Ǥ Dr. Strangeloveǫ ǡ ǫ Ǥ ǯǤ ǡͳͻͷͲǡ Ǥ ǡ̵ Ǥ ȋȌǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥʹʹ Ȃ ǫ Ǥ
ʹͲǤ Ǥ ǡǣ ǡǡ ͶʹȂͶͷȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ ʹͳǤ ǡ ǣ ʹͺͺȂͺͻ ȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ʹͲͲͻǡ ǡǯͳͶͶȂ͵ͷʹȋʹͲͳͲȌǡ ǡsupra ͳͶǡ͵ͷʹȂͺͷǤ ʹʹǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥǣ ȋ ǤǯǡǤȌʹʹȂ͵ͳȋͳͻͻͻȌȋ ǤͳͲȂͳ͵ǡͳͻͷͲȌǢ ǡ ͳͻͷͲȂͳͻͷ͵ǡͳͶʹǡǤȗȋͳͻͳȌǤ ͳͷ
Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǤǤǯǤǯǤ ͳͻͻͲǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ͳͻͻͲ ǡDzͷͲͲǡͲͲͲ Ǥ ǯ ǫdz Ǥʹ͵ ǡ ǡ Dzdz ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡwhose ǡwhoseǫ ǡ ǡ ǫ Ǧ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ
ʹ͵Ǥ ǡ supra ʹǡ ͳͺȂͳͻǡ ͵ʹȂ͵͵Ǥ Ȃ ǡ ǡ ǣ ǡ ǡ ȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ ͳ
ǡ ǡ ǯ DzǤdz Ǥ ǡ ǡ Dz ǡǯǤdz ǡ ǯ ǡ ǡ ǡ ̶Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǥdz ǯ ǫDz ǤdzʹͶ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ȃ Ǥ ǡ ǯǤǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǯǤ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǣ ǡ
ʹͶǤ ͳͻͺͲǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡͳͻͶ Ǥ ͳͻͺͲ Ǥ ͳ
DzǤdz ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯ ȋ ȌǤ ǤDz dzDzǡ dz ǡ ǡ ǡ ǫ ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡǤ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ȃ ǤǤ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥǡ ǡǯ ǡ ǯǤ ͳͺ
Myth #4: Political or Apolitical? ǣǡ Ǣ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ politicalǤ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ ǦǦ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯ ǣ partisan Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǯ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǣ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ͳͻ
ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǤʹͷǦ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Dz ǤǤǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥdzʹ ǡ Ǥ ͳͻͻʹǡ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ ǯǦ Ǥ
ʹͷǤ ǡ Dz ȏǣȐ ̵ ǡdz ǡǣȀȀǤǤǤȀ Ȁ Ȁ ǤǤ ʹǤ Military Situation in the Far Eastǣ ǤǤ Ǥ ǡͺʹǤ͵ʹȋͳͻͷͳȌȋ Ǥǡ ȌǤ ʹͲ
Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǯ ǯǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǣ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǧ ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǣ ǡ Dz ǡ Ǥ ǯ ǡdzǡ ǯǡ Dz ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǥdz ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǤǯǤ Ǣ ȋ ǡ ȌǤ ǡ ǡDzǯ ǯǡdz̶ǯǤdz ǡDzǡǤ ǡǤ ǯ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǯ ǤdzǤ ʹͳ
ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ȃ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ȋǯ ȌǤ Ȃ Ǥ ͳͻͺͲ Ǥ Ǧǯǡ Ǥ
Myth #5: A Covenant ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ͳͻͷͲǣDz ȏ Ȑǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥdz Dz ǤǤǤǤ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡǤdzʹ
ʹǤ ǡͳȂʹȋͳͻͷͲȌǤ ʹʹ
ǡ ǡǢ ǡ Ǥ ȋȌǤʹͺ ͳͻͶͶ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ͳͻͲǡ Ǥ ǡǣ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ̶ ǡ̶ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǣ Ǥ ǯ ͳͻͺͲ ǡ ȋ Dzdz Ȍ ǡǡǤʹͻǡ ǣ
ʹͺ. See Ǥ ǡ ȋͳͻͳͺȌǢ ǡ ǣ ȋͳͻͻʹȌǤ ʹͻǤ ǡʹͲͳ͵ ǡ ǡǣȀȀǤǤȀȀ Ȁ̴Ȁ ʹͲͳ͵̴ ̴̴̴̴Ǥǡ Ǥ ͳ͵ʹǤ ʹ͵
ͳͺ͵ Ǣ ǡǡ ͳͻ͵ʹǡ Ǥ ͳͻͺͺǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ ǫ ǡǯ Ǥ ͳͲͲͲǡǡ ǡ Ǥ
Myth #6: Americans Understand Civilian Control of the Military ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǡ ʹͲͳͶ Ǥ ǣ ǯ ǡ ǡ Ǣ ǡ ǡ Ǣ ʹͶ
Ȃ Ǥ͵ͲǦ ǡ ǡ ǡ Dz ǡ ǯ Ǥdz ǡDzǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥdz͵ͳ ǡ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ III CONCLUSION
ǡ Ȃ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ͵ʹ ǡǣ ǡ ǡǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ
͵ͲǤ ͷǡsupraǤ ͵ͳǤ ǡǡ ͳͻͻͻǤ ͵ʹǤ ǡ ǡͳͻͺͲǤ ʹͷ
ǡ Ǥ ǫ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǯ ǡ Ǣ ǯ ǯǤ Ȃ ǡ ǡǡ ǫ Ǥǡǫ ǯǯǤ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǡ ǡ ȋ ʹͲͳȌ Ǥǫ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ͵͵ Ȃ ǡ̵ Ǥǡǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡǡ ǣ ǡ Ǣ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
͵͵Ǥ ǡsupraͳͶ, Ͷ͵ͲȂ͵ͳǡͶͺͺȂͺͻǤ ʹ
ǡ ǡ Dz ǡ ǯ ǡǤ ǯǤǯ Ǥdz ǡDz ǯǤdz ǡDzǡǮǯ ǯǫdz ǡDzǡ Ǥdz ǡDz Ǥ ǯ Ǣ ǯ Ǥdz Dzǡ ǡdzǤ ǡDz Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥdz͵Ͷ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Dzǡ Ǥdz Ǥ Ȃ ǡǤ ǯ ǡǯǡ ǯ ǯ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǫ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǡǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ
͵ͶǤǦ ǡǡȋ ǤʹͲͲͳȌǤSeeThe Early Retirement of Gen Ronald R. Fogleman, Chief of Staff, United States Air Force ȋ ǤǡǤȌǡ ͳͷ ǤȂʹ͵ȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ ʹ
ǡǤ͵ͷ Ǥ ǯourǤ ͳͺǤ̶ǡ ǡǡ ǫ̶ ǣ̶ ǡ Ǥdz͵
͵ͷǤSee ǤǡBuilding Trust: Civil-Military Behaviors for Effective National Securityǡ Ȃ ǡsupraͳǡʹͺͶȂͺǤ ͵Ǥ Ǥ ǡUsing the Military at Home: Yesterday, Today, and TomorrowǡͶ Ǥ Ǥ ǯǤͳͻʹȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ ʹͺ
ȗȗȗ THE NEW WORLD DISORDER* Gen. Anthony Zinni** I AWORLD AT THE THRESHOLD OF CHANGE ͳͻͺͻǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǤǡǡǢǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ͳͻͺͻǡ ǡ Dz Ǣ ǡǯ Ǣ Ǥdz ǡ ͳͻͺͻǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡDz Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǯ ǯ ǯ Ǥ ǤdzǡDz
ȗ ǡǡǡ ǡ ʹͲͳͶǤ ȗȗ ȋȌǡ ǡ Ǣ ǡ ǡ ǡ Before the First Shots Are Fired: How America Can Win or Lose off the BattlefieldȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ
ʹͻ ͵Ͳ
ǯǡǯ ǯǤdz ǡǯǤ Ǥ ǡ ǡDz ǫdzǡDz ǫǫǯǤdz ǡ DzǤǤdzǡ Dz ǤdzǤ Ǣ Ǥ Ǥǡǡ ǡ ǤǤ Ǥ Ǥ ǢǤ ǡ ǤͳͻͷͲǦ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǯͷͲǤ Ǥ ǡ Dzǯ Ǥdz ǡDzǫdzǡDzǡǤdz Ǥ Ǣǯ Ǥ ǡǤ Ǥ ǡ ǡDzǯ Ǥdz Ǥ ͵ͳ
ǯ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǯǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǤǤ ǡ ǡ Dzǡdz ǣ Ǥ ǡǯ ǡǯǤ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǡ Diplomacyy Ǥ ǣ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǯ ǡ ͵ʹ
Ǥ Ǣ Ǣ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǤ ǡǡ ǢǤ Ǣ Ǥ Ǧ ǯ Ǥǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǣ Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǡ Ǥ ͵͵
ǡ Ǥǣ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ͳͻͺͻǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǣ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǤǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǣ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǯǤ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ͵Ͷ
Ǥ Ǣ ǡ ǤǡDzǡǤ Ǥdz ǯ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ ǣ ǡǯ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǯǤ ǡǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ ǫ Ǧ ǯ ǫ Ǧ ǫǯ ǫ ǯ ǯ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǣ ǡǤ ǯ ǯǤ ͵ͷ
II WHAT IS SHAPING TODAY’S WORLD Globalization Ǥ ǯ ǣ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǣ ǯ ǯ Ǥǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Dz ǡ Ǣ ǯǦ Ǥdz ǡDz ǡ ǡ ǣǡ ǡ Ǥdz ǡDz ǯǤdz ǡDz Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǯ ǡ ǡ ǤdzǡDz ǯǡ Ǣ ǯǤdz ǡDz Ǥ Ǥdz ǡDzǯ Ǥdz Dzdz ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ ͵
ǡ ǯ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ ǡ Dzǯ dz Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǯ ǡǫ ǯ ǯ Ǣ ǯ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǣ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǥǫ ǫ ǯǫ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǡDz Ǥdz ǡ Ǥ ǯǦǦǣ ǡǤ ǦǦǣ ǯ ǯ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǣ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ͵
ǡǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ
The Redistribution of Power ǯ Ǥǡǡ ǣ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǤǢ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǣ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǣ ǯ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡǤ Ǥ Ǣǯ Ǥ ǯ ǫ ǯ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǫ ǯ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ͵ͺ
ǫ ǫ ǡ Ǧ ǫǯǤǤ
Muslims ǯ Ǧ ͳǤ͵ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥǡǫ ǫǡǫ ǯ ǡ ǡ ͳǤ͵ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥǯǫ ǫ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡǦǦ Ǥ ǡ ǯǤ ǯ Ǥ ͵ͻ
Fragile Economies ǡ Ǥ ǫ Ǥǫ ǯ Ǣ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ͳ͵Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǫ ǫ ǡ Ǥ
Energy Ǥ Ǥǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡǯ Ǥ ǫ ǯ ǡ ǡ ǡǤǡǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥǫ ǯ ǡ Ǥ ͶͲ
Information Technology ǯ ǤǤ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǡ ǯ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ȋǯ Ǣǯ±ǡ ǤȌ ǡ Dzǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥdz ǡDzǯ Ǣ ǡǤdz ǯ ǡ ǡ ǯ ǡ Ǥ ǣ Ǥ ǫ ǫǤǤ ǫ ǯ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ȃ Ͷͳ
Ǥ Ǣ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯǤǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǯǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Dz ǫdz ǡ Dz ǯ Ǥdz ǡ ǡ Dz ǯ Ǥ Ǥdz ǯ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǣǯǡǯ Ǥ off ǯon ǣ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǯ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǫ Ͷʹ
ǯǡ ǦǤ
Weapons of Mass Destruction ǯ ǯ Ǥ ͳͻͺͻǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǡǡDz ǡ ǫdzͳ Ǣ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǥǯ ǡ ǡ ǡǤ ǡ Ǥ
Urbanization and Demographics Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǣ
ͳǤDzǡǡǤǤǤȏȐ ǡ Dzdoveryai no proveryaidz ȋǡ ȌȏǡȐ ǡǤǤǤDzǤ Ǥ ǤdzǣȀȀǤǤȀȀ ̴ȋ ǡ ǡ ǣ ǡȋʹͲͲͻȌȌǤ Ͷ͵
ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǣǯ Ǥ Ǣ Ǣ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ͳͲͲ Ǥ ǯ our ǯ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯǤʹͲ͵Ͳǡ ǤǯǤ Ǥ ǫ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǯǢǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ͶͶ
ǯǡǤ ǫ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡǯ ǡǤǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ
The Environment Ǥ ǫ ǫ ǡ ǯ ǡǡ ǡ ǯ ǯ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ͷͷ
ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǣ ǡ Ǥ ǫ ǡ ǡǯǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǫis Ǥ ͶͲͲǡͲͲͲǤ Ǥ ǫ ǡ ǦǦǫ Ǣ Ǥ ǫ ǡ ǫ ǫ ǯ Ǥ Ͷ
Nonstate Entities ǯǤ ǯ Ǣ ǡ ǤǯǤ ǦǢǯ Ǣǯ Ǣǯ ǡ Ǥ Ǣ Ǥ ǢǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ
Arable Land Ǥ ǯ ǯǤ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǫǯ ǡǤ ǡ ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǫ ǯ Ͷ
Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǯ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǯ Ǣ Ǥ
Education Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǤǫǯǤ Ǥ ǣ Ǥ Ǧ Ǣ Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ ǫ Ǥ ǯ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǯ ǡ Ǣ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ͳͲͲǡͲͲͲ ǦǦ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ͷͺ
International Organizations Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥǯ Ǥ ͳͻͶͷǡʹͲͳͶǤ ǢǤ ǡ Ǥ Dz dz ǯ Ǥǯ Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǫ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǤ
CONCLUSION
Ǥ ǡǫ ǡ ǫ ǡ ǡ ǫǫ ǫ ǯ ǡǡ ǫ Ǥ ǯǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ͷͻ
Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡǯǤ isǡǯǯ Ǥǯǡ ǯǯ Ǥ ǫ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǣ ǯ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǯ Ǥ E Ǥ ǯ Ǣ ǯ ǢǯǢǯ Ǥ ǯǡǯ Ǥ ǯ ǯ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥʹ ǯ Ǥ ǡ
ʹǤ See ǡCivilian Control of the Military: The Most Important Thing You’ve Never Thought AboutǡsupraǤͳǤ ͷͲ
Ǥ ǯ ǦǦ Ǣ ǯ Ǥ ǯǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡȄ ǤǡǯǤ CURING SPINAL-CORD INJURIES * Wise Young, MDȗȗ
I INTRODUCTION
Ǧ ǫǡ ǯǡǯ ǡǦ Ǥ Dz dzǦ eliminatingǦ ǡ ǯǯǤǡ Dz dz Ǧ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǯ Dz dz Ǥǡ ǯǡDzǡǯ ǯ Ǧ ǡ ǯ ǫdz ǡ Ǥ
ȗ ǡǡ ǡͳͳ ʹͲͳ͵Ǥ ȗȗ ǡǤǤ ǡǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
ͷͳ ͷʹ
II CLINICAL TRIALS IN CHINA ͳͻͻǤ ǡ Ǥ Ͷ ͷ Ǥ
Ǣ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǣ Dz ǫdz ǯ ǡ Ǧ ͷ͵
ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǤǡDz ǡ ǫdz ǡDz Ǥdz Ǥ ǡͳͻͻͻǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ͳͻ͵Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǯǡ Ǥ ǯ ͷͶ
ͳͲǡͲͲͲǤ ̈́ͳͷͲͲǤDzǡdz ǡ ͶͺǤ ǤʹͻͲǡͲͲͲ ǡǡ ǡǦ Ǥ ʹͻͲǡͲͲͲǤ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǣ ʹͻͲǡͲͲͲ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡDz Ǥdz ǡ ǡǯ Ǥ science ǡǯ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ʹͲͲ͵ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡDz ǯǡ ǯ ǡ ǯ Ǥdz Ǥ ǡ ǡǤ Ǧ ͷͷ
ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ̈́ʹͲǡͲͲͲ Ǥ ǡ ̈́ͳͲǡͲͲͲǤǡ ̈́ͳͲͲǡͲͲͲ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥͳȋ ʹͲͲ͵Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ ǤȌ Ǧ ʹͲͲͷ ʹͲͲǤ ǣ ͷͲͲ Ǥ ʹͲͲ Ǥ Ǥ
II STUDIES OF PROMISING THERAPIES
A. Factors Favoring Recovery: Walking ʹͲͲǡ Ǥ ǦͳͻͻͲǦ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ȋ Ȍ
ͳǤ ǡǯǣǣȀȀǤ ǤȀǤǫ α ̴ ƬαƬαʹ͵Ƭ αͷ͵Ǥ ͷ
Ǥ Ǧǡ Ǧ ǡ Dz dz Ǥʹ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǫ ǡǡnocebo Ǥ ǡ Dz dzǤ NoceboDz ǤdzNocebo ǡ Dz ǡdz ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǧ ǤǤ Ǧ Ǧ ǡ a majority
ʹǤ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǦ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǣ ͳͷͲ ǡǡ ǡ Dz ǡǤdz Ǥ Ǧ ͷ
ǤǦ Ǧ Ǥ ǡǦ Ǧ ǫǡǡǯ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯǡ ǡǯ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡǯǤǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ̵ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǯ Ǥ ǡ ȋ Ȍ ʹ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǡ Dz Ǥ ǡdz ǤǤ ǡ ͷͺ
ǡǤ ǡǤǡ Ǥ ǡǡ ǡǤ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǯǡǡǡǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǯ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ͵ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ȋʹȌǡ ǯ cauda equina ǡǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǤǤ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ͷͻ
ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǤǯǤ ǯǡǤ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǯǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡǤ
B. Factors Favoring Recovery: Decompression Ǧ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡǦǡǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ incomplete ǡ Ǥ completeǦ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ͳ
Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ DzǤdz ǡ Dzdz ǡ ǡ ǫ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǤǦ Ǥ Ǧ ǣ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǯǤ ͲǤͷ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ dura materǡ DzǤdz ǡ Ǥ ǯǣ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ͲǤͷ ǡ ǡǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ ͳ
Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡ DzǦǦǦ Ǥdz ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǦǦǦ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǫǡ Ǥ Ǥ ͳͲǦ ͳʹǤͷ Ǥ Ǥ ͳͲǦ ʹͷ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǣ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ʹ
Ǧ ǡ Ǥ
Ǥ Ǥ ǡǯ Ǥ Ǧ Dz dz Ǥ ǣ ȋȌ ǡǦ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǧ ͵
C. Transplanting Cells into Spinal Cords Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǧ Ǥ ǡǤǤǡ ǡ ǡǤ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Dzdz Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͲ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ ǤDz dz Ǥ Ͷ
Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ʹͲͲǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ǣ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǤǤǡ ȋ Ǧǡ Ǧǡ Ǧǡ Ȍǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ͺͲΨ ͶǣǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ ʹͲͲ͵ǤʹͲͳͲǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ͵ ȋͲȂ ʹͳȌ Ͳ ǡͳͲ Ǧ ǡ ʹͳ Ǧ
͵ǤǤǡAxonal Remyelination by Cord Blood Stem Cells after Spinal Cord InjuryʹͶ Ǥ͵ͻͳȋʹͲͲȌǤ Ǧ ͷ
ȋ Ȍ ͳͲǡ Ǧ ͳͷǤ ǡͲȂͳͲ ʹ Ǥ ʹͲͲǡ ǡǤ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡǤ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǯǯǤ Ǧ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡǡǤ
D. Boosting Growth with Lithium ʹͲͲͶǡǯ Ǧ ǡ Ǥǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ͵ Ǥ ǡ ȀǦ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͲͺ
͵ Ǧ ǤͶ ͵Ͳ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ͵ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ͵ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͲʹǡ ǤͷFifteen percent more gray matterǤ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǣ Ǥ ǦǦǤ ǤǡǢ Ǥ ǯ
ͶǤ ǤǡInactivation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Promotes Axonal Growth and Recovery in the CNSǤʹͺ Ǥ ǤͺͻͳͶȋʹͲͲͺȌǤ ͷǤǤǤǡǤǡIncreased Gray Matter Volume in Lithium-Treated Bipolar Disorder PatientsǤ͵ʹͻ Ǥ ʹͶ͵ ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ Ǧ
Ǥ ȋ ǡ ǡ ǡ Dz ǯ ǫdzȌ ǣ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǤǡDzǡ Ǧ Ǥdz Ǧ Ǧ ȀǦ ǡ ͵ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǤǡǦ Ǥ ǤǡDz Ǧ ǡǫdzǤ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ
Ǥ See Ǥ Ǥǡ Lithium Suppresses Astrogliogenesis by Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by Inhibiting STAT3 Pathway Independently of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 BetaǤȋǤͻǡʹͲͳͳȌǡǣȀȀǤǤȀ ȀΨ ͵Ψʹ ͳͲǤͳ͵ͳΨʹ ǤǤͲͲʹ͵͵ͶͳǤ ͺ
ǡ Dzǡ ǯ Ǥdz ǣǯǤǯ Ǥǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ͵ ȋǦ͵Ȍǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍǡ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǤǤ ǡ Ǥǡǡ Ǥǡǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǯ ǡǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥǡǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ͻ
Ǥ ǡǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ
III PHASE II TRIALS:HONG KONG &KUNMING Ǧ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ǡǤ ǡ Ǧǡ Ǧǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ Ͳ
ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǯǤ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ͶͷǦǦ Ǧ ǡͶǡ Ǥǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǣǡǤ Ǥǯ ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ ǡ Ǥ ǯ ǡǦǡǡ ǯ ǯ ǤǡǤ ǡǤ Ǥǯ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǣ Ǥ Ǧ ͳ
ǡǡ ǯǡ ǯ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǯǤǡǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǧǡ ǦǡǦ ǡ ǡǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Ǧǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡDzǡdz Ǥ ǢǯǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǯ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ʹ
ǡǡ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ
IV GLOBAL PHASE-III TRIALS ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ǯ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ͵
Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǤ Dzdz Ǥǯ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡǡǤ ǡǯǤǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Dzǡ ǯ Ǥdz ǣ ǡǯǤ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǯ ǣ ǯ ǡ ǡwith Ǥ ǡ ͶͲͲ Ǧ ǦǤ ǡ Ǥ ǯ ͳʹͲ ǡ ǯǦ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥǯ ͳʹͲǤǡ ǡ̵ Ǥ Ͷ
ǡ ͳʹͲ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ ͷ ͳͳǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǯ ǣ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǦǦ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǣ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǦǦ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡǯ ǡǯ ǡ Ǥǯ Ǥǡ ǡ ǦǦ Ǥǯ ǯ ǡ DzǡdzǡDz ǫdz ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǡ ȋ Ȍ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯ ǡǤ Ǧ ͷ
̈́̈́ͳͶǤǡ ǡ ̈́ʹbillion Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ̈́Ǥ Ǧ ǯ ǡǯǤ ǯǤ ǯǡ ǯ ǡ Ǥ QUESTIONS &ANSWERS Q: ǡ ǫ A:ǯ ǫ ǯǤ Q: ǯͺͲ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǫ A: ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥǯ ǤǤǤ Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ ǡǡ ǯ Ǥ
Ǥ ǡ ̵Ǥ Q: cauda equinaǡ ǫ A: ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Oggi Ǥ ǣ ǯǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Dz Ǥ Ǥdz ǡǯǡǫ ǡ ǯ ǯ ǡ ǯ ǯ Ǥǡǯreallyǡ ǡǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǫǡ ǯ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǥǯ ǡ Ǥ ǯǡ Ǥ ǢǤ Ǧ
Ǥ ǡǯ ǯǤ Q: ǡǤ ǯǫ A: ǯ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Q: ǣ ǡ Ǥ A:Ǥǡ Ǥǯ ̈́ͷͲǡͲͲͲǦ Ǧ Ǥǡ Ǧ Ǣ ͺ
Ǥ ǯǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Q: Ǧ ǫ A: Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǯ ǤǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǫ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡǤ Q: ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǧǫ A: ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡǯ Ǧ ǡǤ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǧ ͻ
ǫ ǯ ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Dz Ǥdz ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǣ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯ Dzdz Ǥ Ǣ ǡ Ǥ ǣ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡǡǯ ǡǡ ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǧ Ǥ ǯǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯǤ Q: ǡ ǣ ǡ Ǥ ǯǫ ǫ A: ǯ Ǥ ǡ ͺͲ
Ǥǯ ǣǯǤǯ ǡ Ǥǯ ǡ ǦǦǤ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ THE YANKEE LAWYER: HOW DAVE NIXON DISARMED PUBLISHING GIANT GOLDEN BOOKS WITH A FEW SHORT LETTERS * Kristen Senz ǡ ǡ ͳͻͲǡ Ǥ ǯ Dzdz ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ͳͻͶ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Dz ǡǮ ǡǯ Ǯ ǡǯ Ǥdz ǡ Ǥ Dz ǯ ǡ ǡdz ǡ ǡ ǡ ͷͲǦǦ Ǥ
ȗ Bar NewsǡǤʹͲǡʹͲͳͶǡ Ǥ ǣȀȀǤǤȀȀȀͲͺͳͶǦǦ ǤǤ
ͺͳ ͺʹ
ǡ Ǧ ǡȏǡȐǤ ǦǦ ǡ ǯ ǡDz Ǯ ǯ ǡ Ǥdz Dz ǡ Ǥdz ǡ ǡDzdz ǡ ǡ ǤDz Dz dz ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥdz Dz Ǯ ǯ dz ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Dzdz Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Dz ȏȐ ǡdz ǯ Ǥ ǯ ǯDz ǡǮ ǯ ͺ͵
ǯǤdz ͳͲǡͳͻͶǡ ǡ Dzdz Ǥ Dzǯǡdz ǤDz Ǥdz ǡ ǡ ǯ Dz ǡdz Ǥ Dz ǯ Ǥ Dz Ǥdz ǯǡDz ǡdz ǯǤ ǡ ǡ ǡͺʹȏǦȐ ǡ Ǥ ǣ ȏȐǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ȋȌǡ Ǥ ͺͶ
ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ȋDzdzȌ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ ǯ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯ ǡȋ Ȍ Ǥ ǡǯ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Dzdz ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯ Dz dz ǡ ͺͷ
ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǯǡ ǯ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǯ ǡ ǡ ǯ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǤ
••• Dz ǦǦǡdz ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǣ Dz Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Dz ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ͺ
Dz ǡ ǡ Ǥdz ǡ ǡǡǡ Ƭǡ Ǥ Dz ǯ Ǥdz ǡ Dz dz ̈́ʹͷǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ ȏǡȐDz ȏ Ȑ Ǥ ǯ Ǥdz ȗȗȗ
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