K-127 Rich Hill (Griffith House, The Adventure)

Architectural Survey File

This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse- chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation such as photographs and maps.

Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research project; look at the MHT web site (mht..gov) for details about how to make an appointment.

All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust.

Last Updated: 01-23-2020 l .

K-127

The Adventure, Rich Hill Near Sassafras c.1760

The Adventure is significant as an example of mid-18th century Georgian architecture and as the home of Alexander and Elizabeth Ellis Baird, tobacco planters and prominent members of their community. It is located south of the Sassafras River, facing the main road.

After Alexander and Elizabeth were married in 1746, Elizabeth's father, William Ellis, assigned a warrant for 200 acres of Moreton to the couple, who were then residing in Cecil County. It was patented in 1749.1

The land adjoining, on which they built their house was patented in 1753 under the name - The Adventure.2 The larger part of Moreton, 400 acres, was acquired in 1761 from James Louttit of Mount Harmon Plantation in Cecil County.3 Soon after these three parcels of land were amassed, the Bairds built their house. They would stay here for the next forty years, with the farm as their livelihood.

The Bairds chose a design for their house similar to that of Bungay Hill and the Violet Farm located in the lower part of the County-a plain, rectangular two-story structure with two-story kitchen wing. Its southeast facade was laid in Flemish bond above a molded watertable and employed a decorative string course at second floor level, the center course being all header bond. Segmental arches were used above all of the openings, except above the attic gable windows where vertical headers were used. The northwest facade and southwest gable were also laid in Flemish bond, but burned and glazed headers were used throughout. Flanking both center entrances, benches were let into the brick walls. The front entrance had a large 8-panel door with 5 pane transom above a wide frame. Windows on both stories were the same size and had 12/12 sash with paneled shutters on the first floor only. The lower two-bay

kitchen wing had a door and three windows with 6/6 sash. Its facade has glazed-headed Flemish bond.

The Adventure's floor plan consisted of a central stairhall with one room on each side, and a kitchen. Its architectural millwork was amongst the best in the County. The living room fireplace wall was fitted with paneling executed in the Doric order. Fluted pilasters on paneled bases flanked the large arched fireplace. Beyond the pilasters arched cabinets were installed, one paneled and one glazed with superb architectural shell cabinet within. A metope beneath the cornice ran the full length of the wall, and the cornice 'broke out' above the pilasters, keystones of the cabinets, and above the windows in the flanking walls.

The windows had splayed ·window jambs and crossetted trim which was attached to the cornice like those at the Custom House in Chestertown. The fireplace surround had a bolection molding with small panels in the corners conforming to the arch of the fireplace. On each side of the fireplace there were plaster coves which reduced the size of the firebox. Both of the above features were similar to the treatments at Rose Hill and the Violet

Farm - both of which date from the I 760's.

The stair was a bold three-flight composition with square-paneled newels and a close-string balustrade with turned balusters and drop finials. 1{-1 :11

In general, the form of the stair was similar to Tibbalds, the home of Baird's co-parishioner Isaac Freeman. Another feature similar to Tibbalds was the placement of a secondary winder stair behind the paneling in the dining room.

Both second story rooms were well finished, with paneled fireplace walls, but with less detail than the rooms below.

During his lifetime, Alexander Baird acquired about 2500 acres of land near Head of Sassafras where he lived and owned a grist mill and a saw mill, as well as a wharf from which the crops were shipped to market. In 1783 his name was listed as a subscriber to Washington College in

Chestertown.4 In the same year his holdings included 1040 acres on which were four houses, two brick and two frame. He owned 25 slaves, six of whom were elderly and were not included in the valuation. His sum worth at that time was @3007, a huge fortune for the day when @1000 was considered the low end of "wealthy."5

Alexander and Elizabeth Baird had eleven children, six of whom lived to maturity. All six were daughters and they married into the Kieve, Hanson, Johns and Stoops families. At the time of his death in 1792,

Alexander Baird passed the Adventure onto his daughter Ann Stoops.6 It remained in the family until Ann's daughter Elizabeth Thomas sold the farm.7 Elizabeth and her husband Charles lived in New Castle and he became the Governor of Delaware in 1830.

Joseph Griffith, who changed the name to Rich Hill, purchased the ~-

farm from the Thomases in 1839.8 Two of Joseph's sons established themselves on the other parts of Baird's lands and built substantial houses as a result of the successful farming operations. During the ownership of Joseph Griffith, an 80' long frame bank barn was built west of the house which remains standing today, a lone survivor of a once common form of farm structure.

Griffith sold the farm in 1859 to his son Robert who undertook the remodeling of the old house.9 He must have appreciated the quality of the interior, for nothing was removed. The house, however, did receive new window frames and sash and an overhanging eave and dormer on the roof. A larger porch was built on the front facade.

From the time the Griffiths lost the property in the late 19th Century, the house was occupied by tenants until purchased by Waldo

Hagelgans, an antique dealer, in 1968.10 Mr. Hagelgans installed a central heating system, but within a year sold it to St. Augustine Parish for use as its rectory.II Under the direction of its rector, Rev. J. 0. Reynolds, the house was gradually refurbished. It remained the rectory for St. Augustine Parish until sold at auction. Since that time there have been two owners, the last owner being responsible for the restoration of the great barn.

1. Warrants, 1 7 March 1748, 2. Patents, Lib. BY AGS No. 3, fol. 508. Certificate, Lib. GS 1, fol. 1 79 3. Rent Rolls, Lib. 5, fol. 164. 4. 5. 1783 Tax Assessment. 6. Land Records, Lib. JNG 6, fol. 177.

7. Land Records, Lib. WS 3, fol. 294. 8. Land Records, Lib. JNG 6, fol. 177. 9. Land Records, Lib. JKH 1, fol. 560. 10. Land Records, Lib. EHP 27, fol. 365.

11. Land Records, Lib. EHP 29, fol. 259. K-127 Rich Hill, The Griffith House, The Adventure 1753 Sassafras Private

Rich Hill, "The Adventure," was built by Alexander Baird soon after the land was patented to him in 1753. The five bay, two and one-half story, brick building has a two story, brick kitchen wing on the northeast gable end. The southeast facade overlooks a lawn. The house has Flemish bond walls, and English bond water table and rests on a stone foundation. .. 1\1,.0"t 'S( '._ MHT K-127 .- Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR -STATE: (July 1969) i,' Maryland COUNTY· NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Kent

ll'~VE~TORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER DATE (Type all entries - complete applicable sections) I 1. NAME .·. COMMON' Rich Hill, The Griffith House

ANDi'OR HISTORIC: The Adventure

12. LOCATION - STRC'.CT AIH:· NUMtlERt Maryland Route 299 ' CITY OR TOWN: ·;~· -.: Sassafras ;::;·~~ STATE I CODE 'COUNTY' I CODE Maryland I ::>4 I Kent I ()?Q -:~ TION ;'J. • ... ~cLI.sstFICA CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE en OWNERSHIP STATUS (Check One) z TO THE PUBLIC jh: 0 District lia Bui Iding 0 Public Public Acquisition: ~ Occupied Yes: ".1-t~-k 0 Private In Process Restricted r:· •c 0 Site D Structure !JO 0 D Unoccupied Kl Unrestricted ';~J~ ,. D Object 0 Both 0 Being Considered 0 Preservation work 0 I- in progress 0 No

;:}ff; u PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) ::, ·~ 0 "Agricultural D Government D Park 0 Transportation 0 Comments -·~·:~ 0::: D Commercial [] Industrial [~ Private Residence 00 Other (Specify) ------:l~1 I- Educational D Military ~ Rel igiaus Recto:r:¥ for -'"~--:.'-~~ Entertainment 0 Museum 0 Scientific E:eiscogal Church •' ··t vi lg -~-~"·;·:-• ) f4, OWNER OF PROPERTY z I OWNER'S NAME' I q f I /Ve-u.r 0 (,).) Y1 e '.s "'-t ~ . -- , - -- . •- . ~ )> <. ,p i-s -t ··-~ ... - Mr. "'<:f-- M ·,,-. I

.. 16. ~E.f>RESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE OF SURVEY, ---- - ·-·-·· --- ~'--·- - -- ~····-··· ----- ···-·- ~----~ '"L I .... Marv land Reqister of historic sites and landmarks ll 'Tl -< DA.TE OF SURVEY: Federal State County Loco I 0 1Q7() D ~ 0 Cl +-I Al !DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS' c z ·;:: 1J I CD I Maryland Historical Trust I c"' ----1 "'11 tSTREET ANO NUMBER: i "'m I I 0 l 94 College Avenue z r ICITY OR TOWN: -< Annapolis \sT::cyland p;:·tl

L--L-

/ ·------I •'\:' I MHT K-127

(Check One) f-~__ E_xc_e_ll_e_nt __O_G_o_o_d ____ O= Fair 0 Deteriorated 0 Ruin• CJ Unexposed CONDITION (Check One) (Check One) 0 Altered 00 Unaltered 0 Moved ~ Original Site t------'-----~------0 ESC RIB E THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Rich Hill, on the north side of Maryland Route 299, 0.2 miles northeast of the intersection of Maryland Route 299 and Maryland Route 290 at Sassafras, is in a location where this mid-eighteenth-century Georgian-style elaQorate dwellinq is an enigma. Built as a status symbol by Alexander Baird, a "tobacco planter turned builder," who in his day was a prominent member of the community, the house during the twentieth century has been converted into the Episcopal Rectory for nearby St. Augustine Parish, Cecil County, Maryland.

The dwelling, Rich Hill, is owned (1971) by the Vestry of St. Augustine Parish, St. Augustine Church, Chesapeake City, Cecil County, Maryland, and is occupied by the Rector of St. Augustine Church, The Reverend James 0. Reynolds. m Rich Hill, "The Adventure," was built' by Alexander Baird m soon after the land was patented to him in 1753. The five- bay, two-and-a-half story, brick building has a two-story, brick kitchen wing on the northeast gable end. The southeast z facade overlooks a lawn as well as a driveway and cultivated "" field crops on both sides of the main road to Sassafras. ~ :::0 The original, eight-paneled entrance door is surmounted c: by a five-light transom. The door frame, similar to all the frames and sashes throughout the house, is not original, n dating after the mid-nineteenth century. The central cloor ~ in the northwest facade has been lowered and does not have a transom due to the interior stair arrangement. Each door­ 0 way originally had flanking seats, each partly set into the z brick exterior of the building. The northwest facade, having been restored to its original appearance, has irregular fenestration above the basement: three windows on the first story, two windows on the second story and a smaller opening at the level of the staircase landing.

Above the stone foundation, with galleting below the basement windows, is English bond brickwork between the sills and the molded water table. 'l'he remainder of the brickwork is Flemish bond, interspersed on the northwest and southwest sides by glazed headers at random.

All the openings support segmental brick arches with the exception of the flat-arch on the attic windows. The lintels on the northwest facade of the main block and the southeast facade of the kitchen wing have alternate glazed headers in a vertical pattern in the brick lintels.

The kitchen wing is laid in Flemish bond with the glazed headers on the southeast facade in reverse to the main block. The thin coat of (SEE CONTINUl\TION SIIFF.'T)____ _. MHT K-127

PERIOD (Check One or More BS Appropriate) 0 Pre-Columbian I 0 16th Century rn 18th Century 0 20th Century 0 15th Century 0 17th Century 0 19th Century

SPECIFIC DATE(Sl (ltApp/icsble and Known) patented 1753. built SOOn afterwards

AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More as Appropriate) Aboriginal 0 Education D Political [l Urban Planning 0 Prehistoric 0 Engineering !XI Religion/Phi. 0 Other (Specify) 0 Histaric 0 Industry losophy 0 Agri cu Itu re 0 Invention 0 Science ~ Arc hi lecture 0 Landscape 0 Seu lpture 0 Art Architecture 0 Socia I/Human- 0 Commerce 0 Literature itorion 0 Communications 0 Military D Theater 0 Conservation 0 Music D Transportation

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Alexander Baird, for whom "The Adventure" was patented in 1753, was of local importance as a successful tobacco planter and an active member of the vestry of Shrewsbury I ~ Parish (1755-1792) in Kent County. During his lifetime he I :z "'- acquired approximately 2500 acres of land near Head of 0 Sassafras, now the Sassafras River, where he lived, owned "" a grist mill and a saw mill as well as the wharf, later I t- called "the public landing," from which the crops were u shipped to market. In 1782 we find his name among the sub-­ ::::> scribers to Washington College, Chestertown, Maryland. IX In October of 1746 he married Elizabeth Ellis. Of their t- eleven children six daughters lived to maturity and married ~ members of the Keene, Hanson, Johns and Stoops families. z At the time of Alexander Baird's death, "The Adventure" passed to his daughter, Ann Baird Stoops. Elizabeth Stoops, daughter of Ann Baird and Jonas Stoops, later married Charles w Thomas of New Castle, Delaware, who became the Governor of w Delaware in 1830. ""' '" The farm was sold in 1839 to Joseph Griffith, who changed the name to "Rich Hill." The Griffith family owned surrounding farms which had previously been owned by ;' Alexander Baird. Their farming endeavors prosperea and the sons built homes on the adjoining early tract, "Morton," the latter patented in 1670.

Since the late nineteenth century it has been usea as a house for tenant farmers until it was acquired for the Vestry of St. Augustine Parish, Cecil County, as the rectory. Since its acquisition in 1968, the house has been preserved and restored. It is occupie~ in 1971 by the Reverend James 0. Reynolds, Rector of St. Augustine Parish, Chesapeake City, Cecil County, Maryland. I

--=------~ . ". MHT .t<:-127 f 9. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES Recorder: Michael Bourne, Maryland Historical Trust, 94 College Avenue, Annapolis, Maryland

Hanson, George A., Old Kent. Regional Publishing Company, Baltimore, 1967 (orig. 1876).

Kent County Wills & Land Records, Kent County Courthouse, Chestertown, Maryland.

------SEE CONTINUATION SHEET ------··---··----·------· --~---~..-----~--·------~- ·-

10:... .. ~-~.EJ.G~A P~l~A ~.f?_A_T!- .. 0 - ...... - . -.. ···----·---· --··-·- ··- .. -··· -··-· LA flTUDE AND LOf'..l~llUDE C'JOl~DINA rr.s I l A 11 1 UPL. ANU LUNC.;.11 \Jl,I C110H[)INATl·-5 ~ DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY 0 OE....FINING THE'. CENTEH •JOIN 1 OF A PROf.JL'R 1 Y ··-- R- OF LESS THAN TFN ACRES J COPNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE LONG! TUDL '---·--·-1--- Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds 0 NW 39 22 10 . 75 ° 48 38 . 0 . 0 .. NE 39 0 22 18 . 75 ° 48 24 . SE 39 0 22 08 . 75° 48 15 . i SW ';\Q 0 ") ") (\ , . '7 c:: 0 AO '} 7 . APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMIN-~~ED_.'.:._".'_'.:.PE~~-Y_: ______6 4 ___ ac_re.s_,. ____ J LiST ALL STATES ANO COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES m STATE: CODE COUNTY CODE j m

STATE:: CODE COUNTY: CODE:_ \

. ·-· z STATE: CODE COUNTY· COD~ '---- - ST A.TE: CODE COUNTY: CODE --·-

-- _...... ,..,. __ ~ - - fH. FORM PREPARED BY - -·· NAME AND TITLE: Mrs. Preston Par_i~_K_~3r of__ th.e_Mary 1 and Beg] ster .. OR GANI Z.ATION !DATE Maryland Historical Trust : Jan .18 l 1972 T AND NUMBER: 0 1 94 College Avenue - z Cl TY OR TOWN: STATE Cl.DE Annapolis Marv land ? L1 p2. STATE LIAISON OFFICER CERTIFICA I ION NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFICATION

As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na- I hereby certify that this property is included in the tional Historic Preservation Act of l'l66 (Public Law National Register. 89-fi65). I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has b.cen evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set

fc>1·th by thL· N.iti0nnl Park Servitt•. ·1·he Tt>i."~~rl\lllClldl•tl Cl1h•f, ()J l1cP of A n-llf'nlo;~y urul 111 ·"tori c l'r«•s1·rv.tlion level of ~ti;;n1flL·,1nce ..._,[this IH>llllllaltUil IS: National L."J State !Xi Local u

1 uate I r\J' . JU Name U.- _ ()../\/\JC) /2;.Jo~J I ATTEST: I I Orlando Ridout IV I I Title State Liaison Officer I for Maryland ------I Kcep<>r of Tl1c National R•'P,i.~rc>r I Dale Jan u~ry_--1:2_~ __ 1-2.11. ____ [J;1t« :J GP 0 9 O 1 .O 8 7 - . ------·------... ~· MHT K-127

Form 10-3000 UNITED ::.TATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR "rATE (July 1969) NA Tl ON AL PARK SERVICE Maryland NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY Kent INVENTORY · NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER I DATE (Continuation Sheet) I (Number all entrlee)

Rich Hill, The Griffith Houss

#7. DESCRIPTION coniinued

stucco covering the northeast gable hides the brickwork. On the northwest facade is a modern screened porch.

The interior cornices, chair rails and baseboards are in­ tact as well as a paneled chimney breast over each firepJace opening. The turned balusters on the closed-string stair con­ forms with the early character of the woodwork .

..... ' The front entrance of Ri~h Hill faces th~ public road, Maryland Route 299, and looks across the road to open fields. The sixty-four acres designated will protect the immediate area surrounding the house and the vista to and across the public road.

#9. REFERENCES continued

Kent County Wills & Land Records, Hall of Records, Annapolis, Maryland.

Kent County Chancery Records, Hall of Records, Annapolis, Maryland. MHT K-127 Form 10-301 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE I (Dec. 1968) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE M ::i rv 1 :::. nd____ --1 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY-, Kent PROPERTY MAP FORM FOR NPS USE !')NL Y (Type ,1/1 t>nlries - ntlach to or enclose with map) ENTRY NUMBER I DATE I z jl. NAME 0 lco~HAON: Hi ch II i 11, 'I'he Griff itT1Tiouse- r;;:;·o OR H15TORIC: --,rhc--l\ciVe-nfure ______.,._ ~_:__~_C_A_Tl_O_N_~~-----~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...;_~~~~·~~~~~~~~~--i 5fREF:.T A.l'·~D NUM fllH: _J U Maryland Haute 299 ___,, ___ ------! Cl TY OH TOWN: Sassafras

z 3. _M_~~~-~E_~~~~------_,_ ------.... ',' SOURCE: U.S.G.S. 7.5 minute mop; Millington Quadrangle, M~rvland ~z;:;:_·;~--T:zr,nnn------~ ~~ ~~-~ ___ ITS")______--J w ;, w "" LR_~ouiR_~~~~_:r:_s______~------1------~ TO nE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS ~~ 1. Properly broundaries where required. ~~j_, 2. North arrow. J. Latitude and longitude reference. -.-fi

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~ EN TRY NUMBf:R OATf'. "" (Typo ult cntrio:-1 - 11tlach to or enclose with p/i ot ~raph) z

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