Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(6): 2311-2312

E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 A study of physio-chemical parameters present in JPP 2017; 6(6): 2311-2312 Received: 25-09-2017 water in Tehsil of District Accepted: 27-10-2017

Anil Kumar Saini Anil Kumar Saini and Alka Department of Chemistry, College, Chirawa, Distt Jhunjhunu, , Abstract A Systematic study has been carried out to assess the water quality index of Buhana Teshil of Jhunjhunu Alka district. 35 water samples from 35 sampling stations were collected and analysed for physico -chemical - 2+ 2+ - - 2- Department of Chemistry, parameters (PH,EC Alkalinity, Cl ,TH, TDS, Ca , Mg ,NO3 ,F ,SO4 ). The analytical data of various Chirawa College, Chirawa, Distt, physico Chemical parameters indicates that some parameters like PH,EC,TDS,TSS,Ca2+,Mg2+ are found Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India to be in excess than the prescribed limit in some water samples of the study areas. The WQI value indicates that water samples of some sampling stations are quite unfit for drinking purpose because of 2+ 2+ high value of Ca , Mg , TH etc. suitable suggestions were made to improve the water quality.

Keywords: WQI, Ground Water, Physio-Chemical Parameters, Buhana, water born disease, Blue baby disease.

Introduction Buhana is the tehsil of in Rajasthan. It is situated in the eastern region of

Jhunjhunu and lies on border areas of Haryana- Rajasthan. The Buhana Tehsil lies in the eastern core of wellknown province. It is a educational hub because a lot of famous school and colleges are running here. The famous deemed Singhania University also lies in buhana Tehsil at . The Nearest Railway Station is Chirawa (30km) while a substation of railway is also situated in city of Buhana Tehsil. Jaipur is 190 km from

Buhana and Delhi is 220 km from Buhana and well connected by road. The water available to public of Buhana Tehsil for their uses is not pure. Availability of safe water continues to be a distance dream for the city and rural public in most parts of Buhana. The surface water resources continue to be contaminated with runoff water from agricultural fields containing pesticides, fertilizers, soil particles, chemical wastes from industries, sewage

from cities & rural areas. Most of Indian rivers are polluted & National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD) has launched action plan for several rivers. The rain water however is associated with dissolved gases such as CO2, SO2 and NH3 etc from the atmosphere. The rain water when reaches to ground gets percolated in soil and becomes underground water, generally underground water is clear and colorless but when water seeps down the ground it

dissolved inorganic salts.

Experimental All water samples were collected for the physiochemical analysis from different rural areas of Buhana Tehsil of Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan. These water samples would be collected

from open well, Tube Well pump houses, hand pump and surface water reservoirs.

Table 1: The parameters and methods selected for the water sample analysis are detailed in table-1

Standard values of arameters guided by ICMR Unit S.N. Parameter Methods Desirable concentration Maximum Permissible 1 PH PH Meter 7.0-8.5 6.5-9.2 - 2 EC Conducto meter 3 Alkalinity Titrometric 200 600 Mg/L 4 TH EDTAComplexo Metric 300 600 Mg/L 5 Cl- Argentometric 200 1000 Mg/L 6 TDS Gravimetric 500 1500 Mg/L 7 Ca2+ EDTAComplexo Metric 75 200 Mg/L Correspondence 8 Mg2+ EDTAComplexo Metric 30 100 Mg/L - Anil Kumar Saini 9 NO3 Spectrophoto metric 20 50 Mg/L Department of Chemistry, 10 F- Ion selective electrode 1.0 1.5 Mg/L Chirawa College, Chirawa, Distt 2- 11 So4 Turbiditi metric 200 400 Mg/L Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India ~ 2311 ~

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

Result and Discussion following eleven parameters (PH, EC Alkalinity, Cl-,TH, 2+ 2+ 3- - 2- The Result obtained from rural areas of Buhana Tehsil are TDS, Ca , Mg ,NO ,F ,SO4 ). reported in table -2. Ten water samples were analyzed for the

Table 2: Physico-Chemical analysis of ground water for rural area’s Buhana

- 2+ 2+ - - 2- S.N. Source PH EC Alkalinity Cl TH TDS Ca Mg No3 F So4 1 T.W. 7.7 2.01 316 342 266 1764 124 20 63.4 0.48 64 2 O.W 7.6 2.85 276 365 440 1878 228 60.3 48.4 0.56 65 3 T.W 7.8 2.63 222 146 158 720 62 70 28.8 0.24 17 4 T.W. 7.9 2.74 352 323 370 2031 188 78.3 54.2 1.14 63 5 O.W. 7.4 3.96 230 193 168 946 72 77.9 37.6 0.42 21 6 O.W. 7.3 3.70 234 189 254 1160 122 71.4 94.5 1.02 25 7 T.W. 7.5 1.31 250 270 260 1120 140 61.3 90 1.10 45 8 T.W. 7.9 1.27 260 265 220 1330 160 59.3 55 1.0 30 9 O.W. 8.0 2.08 210 175 200 1400 145 39.4 170 1.4 75 10 T.W. 8.1 1.36 280 300 280 1670 155 45.6 40 0.7 60 Values of EC in the majority of area indicated the need for some short of treatment for the removal of dissolved solid

PH: The PH values in all the samples range from 7.3 to 8.1, most of the samples, Sulphate was found to be lower than which are all within the limit. The PH of water is very highest desirable range. Sulphate was found in the range of 17 important indication of its quality and provides information in to 75 mg/l which is also within limit. many types of solubility calculations. Conclusion EC: All samples have EC range between 1.3-4.00 mhos/cm. In the representative sample study of the ground water quality High values of EC in the majority of area indicated the need of Buhana Tehsil, all parameters except nitrate, EC, TDS, TH for some short of treatment for the removal of dissolved solid. were found within permissible limits. The general test of water is also good. There is no industrial growth in Buhana, Alkalinity: The desirable limit for alkalinity is 200 mg/l. The no dense population but the higher concentration of some values of water samples varies from 210 to 352 mg/l. In parameters indicates the presence of some other sources like ground water, most of the alkalinity is caused due to chemical fertilizers used in agriculture. carbonates and bicarbonates. References Chloride: Chloride contents in water is largely influenced by 1. Singh, Gupta et al, Int. J. Adva. Research. 2004; 2(2):82- evaporation and precipitation. This content varied from 146 to 86 365 mg/l in all the samples, which is all in the limit. 2. Ramakrishanaian CR. et al, E-Journals of Chemistry. 2009; 529-530 TH: The desirable limit for TH is 300 mg/l (ICMR).The 3. Sumehi Gupta et al Asian Journal. 2010; 535-540. values of water samples varies from 158 to 440 mg/l. The 4. Angadi et al, J. ENV. Biol. 2005; 26:213-216. hardness of water is due to the presence of alkaline earth & 5. Copper et al, J. Gen microbial. 1955; 12, 180. such as calcium and magnesium. 6. Kanel, khan et al, Journal of Biological Sciences. 2007; 10(5):710-717 TDS: The maximum permissible limit of TDS is 1500 mg/l 7. Rajagopal Seker et al, J. of Environmental Biology. 2010; (ICMR). The values of TDS was found in the range of 720 to 31:265-272 2031 mg/l. High value of TDS indicated the need for some 8. Ramasamy S, Srisharan S. Pollution research. 1998; sort of treatment for the removal of dissolved solid. 17(2):141. 9. Kavita, Yadav. et al, Asian J. Exp. Sci. 2012; 261:61-64 Calcium: The 98% water sample showed calcium 10. Shiddamallayya et al, Journal of Environmental Biology. concentration in the desirable range. The desirable range for 2008; 29(3):303-308 calcium is 75 to 200 mg/l. 11. H. Rai, Archiv Fish Hydrobiol. 1979; 75,369. 12. Kaur, Sharma. J. Aqua, Biol. 2001; 16:14-44. Magnesium: The permissible range for magnesium is 30 to 13. Singh and Mathur, Ind. J. ENV. Sci. 2005; 9:57-61 100 mg/l. The 99% water samples showed calcium 14. JD. Hem, Scientific publishers Jodhpur 1991. concentration in the permissible range. 15. N. Kumarswamy, Poll. Res. 1991; 10, 13.

Nitrate: The nitrate concentration in the studied area varied from 28.8 to 170 mg/l. The maximum permissible limit is 50 mg/l (ICMR). Due to higher concentration (over 100 mg/l) of nitrate in water infants are suffering from blue baby disease.

Fluoride: The required level of fluoride is 1.0 to 1.5 mg/l. In the present study, it is observed that the fluoride content varied from 0.24 to 1.4 mg/l. Thus it is completely in the permissible range.

Sulphate: The desirable range for sulphate is 200 mg/l. In

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