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Evaluation of Domestic Victims of Human Trafficking Demonstration Projects

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Evaluation of Domestic Victims of Human Trafficking Demonstration Projects Evaluation of Domestic Victims of Human Trafficking Demonstration Projects Final Report from the Second Cohort of Projects | OPRE Report 2018-102 | December 2018 Evaluation of Domestic Victims of Human Trafficking Demonstration Projects: Final Report from the Second Cohort of Projects OPRE Report 2018-102 December 2018 Kathleen Krieger, Jennifer Hardison Walters, Marianne Kluckman, Rose Feinberg, Merissa Gremminger, Steve Orme, Shilpi Misra, and Deborah Gibbs, RTI International Submitted to: Mary G. Mueggenborg Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation Administration for Children and Families U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 330 C Street SW, 4th floor Washington, DC 20201 Contract Number: HHSP23320095651WC Principal Investigator: Deborah Gibbs RTI International P.O. Box 12194 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194 http://www.rti.org/ This report is in the public domain. Permission to reproduce is not necessary. Suggested citation: Krieger, K., Hardison Walters, J. L., Kluckman, M., Feinberg, R., Gremminger, M., Orme, S., Misra, S., and Gibbs, D. A. (2018). Evaluation of domestic victims of human trafficking demonstration projects: Final report from the second cohort of projects. Report # 2018-102, Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, the Administration for Children and Families, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. This report and other reports sponsored by the Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation are available at https://www.acf.hhs.gov/opre. Overview In 2014, to improve services for domestic victims of human trafficking, the Family and Youth Services Bureau (FYSB), within the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, awarded three cooperative agreements to implement demonstration projects. In 2015, FYSB awarded cooperative agreements to three additional demonstration projects. The intent of the demonstration program was to enhance organizational and community capacity to identify domestic victims of human trafficking and deliver comprehensive case management and trauma-informed, culturally relevant services through a system of referrals and the formation of community partnerships. This report documents the experiences of the second cohort of demonstration projects (awarded in 2015) that implemented 2-year projects in Billings, Montana; North Dakota and Clay County, Minnesota; and Multnomah County, Oregon. ACF’s Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation (OPRE), in collaboration with FYSB, oversaw a cross-site process evaluation of these demonstration projects conducted by RTI International. The purposes of the cross-site process evaluation were to inform ACF’s efforts to improve services for domestic trafficking survivors, enhance performance measurement, and guide future evaluation. Key evaluation questions pertain to the approaches used to foster partnerships, enhance community response, expand access to services, and provide coordinated case management; survivors’ experiences with the program; and costs of program components. Data presented were gathered through in-person and telephone interviews with project staff, key partners, and clients from each project; case narrative interviews with case managers; a review of project materials and documents; cost questionnaires; and information on clients served, services provided, and clients’ progress toward proximal outcomes reported by each project. Throughout the evaluation, the evaluation team worked closely with OPRE, FYSB, and the training and technical assistance provider, the Runaway and Homeless Youth Training and Technical Assistance Center (RHYTTAC), to ensure coordination and alignment of the programmatic and evaluation processes. Key Findings • Projects carried out a variety of activities and collaborated with diverse project partners to develop and expand organizational and community capacity to identify and serve trafficking victims. Through community and organizational needs assessments, projects assessed community awareness of trafficking, available resources and services, and areas for improvement. Through the provision of training and information distribution, projects raised awareness about domestic human trafficking; identified and engaged partners; and enhanced other organizations’ capacity to identify, serve, and refer trafficking victims. Projects collaborated with a variety of partner organizations. Partners provided direct client services, made and received referrals for services, participated in collaborative meetings, aligned resources, and facilitated connections to additional collaborators. Additionally, all projects engaged in a local or state-level anti-trafficking task force. iii • Projects’ diverse organizational backgrounds, target populations, community contexts, and partners shaped the design and implementation of innovative and unique service delivery models. For the second cohort, the demonstration projects were two runaway and homeless youth organizations, both based in rural service areas, and a sexual assault resource center located in an urban setting. Demonstration projects and their partners implemented a variety of services tailored to the specific needs of trafficking survivors, including host homes, substance abuse treatment groups, and a transitional group shelter. • A total of 159 clients (representing 148 unique individuals) were provided case management services across the three projects. Out of this 159, 147 clients were reported to have been trafficked. Among the 147 trafficked clients, 111 (76%) were sex trafficked, 23 (16%) were labor trafficked, and 13 (9%) experienced sex and labor trafficking. The varied characteristics of clients reflect the diversity of projects’ service models and referral sources. • Projects and partners offered comprehensive case management and a variety of services to meet client needs; however, lack of appropriate, accessible services and individual-level client factors were key barriers to service engagement and delivery. The most commonly provided services were emotional support, personal items (e.g., clothing, toiletries), and housing financial assistance. Projects encountered barriers to delivering services to clients: Some services were not available in the service area, and in some cases, clients were reluctant or not ready to access available services, particularly mental health services. The services most likely to be associated with service delivery barriers included mental health treatment, employment, substance abuse treatment, education, and life skills. • Case managers and partner staff employed several strategies and techniques to serve trafficking victims. Across projects, staff used various approaches to provide trauma-informed, victim-centered, culturally relevant, and developmentally appropriate services. Some approaches included motivational interviewing, behavior change and harm reduction strategies, offering opportunities for survivor engagement and feedback, partnering with organizations that serve specific subpopulations (e.g., Native American tribes), and providing services specifically tailored for young adult or minor trafficking victims. • Client “successes” ranged from small to large accomplishments and were unique to clients’ individual goals and personal situations. Although definitions and indicators of client success varied greatly, clients achieved several types of desired goals, from establishing a safety plan, to short-term goals (e.g., obtaining medical care, submitting job applications), to completing a long-term goal (e.g., receiving a GED). Many clients reported making strides toward increased resilience, self- esteem, and confidence throughout service engagement. • Evaluation outcomes varied with clients’ status at intake and their length of program engagement. Positive outcomes were identified among clients with greater needs at intake and longer engagement in project services, based on the iv evaluation’s Assessment of Client Status. However, negative changes were identified among clients with more positive assessments at intake who engaged in services for 1 year or more. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed in Chapter 6 in the Assessment of Client Status section. • Clients were satisfied with demonstration project services. All clients interviewed (N=21) reported that they were satisfied with demonstration project services. Some clients (n=4) described dissatisfaction with services received from partner organizations. Clients attributed demonstration projects for helping them achieve safety and stability and progress toward healing and their personal goals. Across projects, clients said that consistent and non-judgmental support, advocacy, and assistance from their case manager was the most important aspect of their experience with demonstration project services. v Contents Section Page 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 1 Domestic Victims of Human Trafficking Demonstration Projects ...................................... 1 Process Evaluation
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