EV SUBMISISON 52 ATTACHMENT 1 CONFIDENTIAL

NOVEMBER 13TH, 2017 / DINO HADZIC / EP EVI EV Infrastructure EV Infrastructure

1 of 12 EV SUBMISISON 52 ATTACHMENT 1 Well-to-wheel efficiency of alternative fuels Range per year per m² of land

Biofuel: 7km Most efficient energy crops (palm oil, sugar cane) deliver 0.5L/m² including sowing, fertilizing, harvesting, refinement and distribution. A vehicle drives 15km/L, so 0.5L gives 7km range.

Hydrogen: 160km A solar panel delivers 105 kWh/m². After electrolysis, compression and distribution 63kWh goes into the tank. The fuel cell generates 31.5kWh of electricity. The vehicle drives 5km/kWh, so 31.5kWh gives 160km range. Electric: 380km A solar panel delivers 105 kWh/m². After distribution, charging and storage in the battery, 77kWh is available to the motor. An EV drives 5km/kWh, so 77kWh gives 380km range. Original source: Auke Hoekstra, Eindhoven University of Technology. Data was modified due to improved performance of biofuel and hydrogen.

2 of 12 EV SUBMISISON 52 ATTACHMENT 1 EV fast charging and global standardization ABB leading in major developments this decade DC 2016 home First eBus Higher chargers in EU power Global partnerships with 2013-2015 bus OEMs 2012 2013 Launch global Launch CCS & 2010 2010 Founding of variants Terra 53 OppCharge multi-standard Terra China, USA, APAC Founding of Launch ABB CCS alliance Near ABB was involved 53 E-bus CHAdeMO Terra 51 from the start, basis CCS + CHAdeMO + AC Global EV Future ABB was involved 50 kW CHAdeMO for IEC standard Multi- spread from the start charger IEC standard CCS First 61851-23 alliance Pilots CHAdeMO EV’s

2014, > DC networks 2012 - 2013 2012, > spread globally 2010 Leading Connectivity 2010 2012 First nationwide , USA, First 50 kW DC networks & uptime First EV’s with DC First demo of ABB has industry leading charger in EU ABB in , charging uptime by remote Based on proprietary CCS charging , management standard, no consumer Leaf & Mitsubishi ABB & CCS alliance at and supports global payment EV’s available iMieV EVS26 show In Los Angeles, USA solutions

3 of 12 EV SUBMISISON 52 ATTACHMENT 1 OEM Fast Charging standards 50kW CHAdeMO / 22-43 kW AC / 50kW CCS 2

Q4-2013 2010 CCS 2 CHAdeMO

Q4-2012 22-43 kW AC

4 of 12 EV SUBMISISON 52 ATTACHMENT 1 DC-Fast Charging is happening in Europe 5.016 CHAdeMO / 3.375 CCS fast charging stations in Europe (per 07/11/2017)

CHAdeMO Europe: 5.016 USA: 2.260 : 7.133 Other: 2.200

Globally: 16.609

CCS Europe: 3.375 USA: 2.000 approx. Other: 1.000 approx.

Globally: 6.375 approx. www.chademo.com http://ccs-map.eu/ http://www.charinev.org/ccs-at-a-glance/infrastructure/

5 of 12 EV SUBMISISON 52 ATTACHMENT 1 DC charging versus AC charging On-board versus Off-board equipment

AC Charging DC Charging

DC Fast On-board CHAdeMO Charging Charger module Station

BMS Li-ion battery

Every vehicle needs to have its own Infrastructure investment is shared onboard equipment with hundreds of users

6 of 12 EV SUBMISISON 52 ATTACHMENT 1 Main changes in the last months A new phase: The facts can no longer be denied

Tesla from zero to 32% market share in 6 years !

What will happen in mainstream segment with ?

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-12/tesla-dominates-u-s-luxury-sedan-sales https://cleantechnica.com/2017/07/05/tesla-model-s-crushes7 of 12 -large-luxury-car-competition-h1-2017-us-sales/ EV SUBMISISON 52 ATTACHMENT 1 BEV gains speed in car market Fear to miss out: massive EV programs announced

Focus shifts to full long range EV, and less on PHEV But… car development cycle is 3-4 years per model

8 of 12 Follow the car through Europe, and open standard protocols EV SUBMISISON 52 ATTACHMENT 1 2010 - 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021, … 450 km DC high-power charging CCS (≥350 kW @400/800 V) Porsche Mission E

500 km 600 DC high-power charging CCS (≥150 kW @400 V) km FF 91 650 km Fisker Emotion 500VW km? ID Buzz 500 km 500 km? ?? km

VW ID Crozz Lucid Air 650 km Audi eTron (SUV) VW ID 'Golf' BMW X3e 450 kmh ?? km ?? km 300 km 190 km DC fast charging CCS 130 km Jaguar i-Pace Ford Model E (50 kW @400 V) VW e-Golf 1.1 ?? km BMW Mini E 110 km 300 km 350 km ??? km BMW i3 BMW i3 165 km ??? km 130 km AstonMartin Opel Ampera-e Peugeot 208 EV Focus Electric RapidE Volvo XC40 ?? km Peugeot 2008 EV VW e-UP! 500 km? VW e-Golf 180 km 140 km 320 km VW e-Golf Skoda E Renault Zoe Hyundai eSUV ??? km 500 km 450 km Kia Niro 150 km 110 km 450 km ?? km350 km DC fast charging 110 km 130 km Mercedes EQC Mercedes EQA 120 km Tesla Model 3 CHAdeMO ?? km 250 km? Peugeot Tesla +adapter (adapter) ccs? 200 km (50 kW @400 V) Partner 1.1 110 km Nissan Leaf 1.0 Citroën C-Zero 300 40 km 150 km km Mazda EV Urban 110 km 110 km Nissan Leaf ccs? ccs? 110 km Nissan e-NV200 200 km Mitsubishi Nissan Leaf Peugeot iOn Outlander PHEV Kia Mitsubishi i-MiEV Citroën Berlingo Soul-EV Infinity LE 130 km AC fast charging 43 kW Renault Zoe ZE 450 km 110 km 130 km 200 km ?? km AC charging 22 kW Daimler Smart ED Renault Zoe Renault Zoe 1.1Daimler E-Smart 140 km 450 km AC charging 11 kW Mercedes B250E Tesla Model S 110 km Only AC slow Ford Focus (3.6-7.2 kW) Smart ED 100 kmRenault Mahindra e20 Mercedes Electric 200 km 9 of 12 Gen 1 Renault Renault Kangoo ZE Vito E-cell Twizy Fluence ZE Honda Fit Citroën E-Mehari EV SUBMISISON 52 ATTACHMENT 1 Tesla CHAdeMO adapter Ordering e.g. via Tesla Webshop

Remarks: The technical functioning of the Tesla CHAdeMO adapter with CHAdeMO-certified charge stations is the responsibility of Tesla Motors.

10 of 12 EV SUBMISISON 52 ATTACHMENT 1 Public and commercial car charging – use cases Charging service should match charging application and demand

Public and commercial EV Charging

AC destination DC destination DC Fast DC High Power

3-22 kW 20-25 kW 50 KW 150 to 350kW+

4-16 hours 1-3 hours 20-90 min 10-20 min

• Office, workplace • Office, workplace • Retail, grocery, mall, big • Highway corridor travel • Multi family housing • Multi family housing box, restaurant • Metro ‘charge and go’ • Hotel and hospitality • Hotel and hospitality • High turnover parking • Highway rest stops • Overnight fleet • Parking structures • Convenience fueling • Petrol station area’s • Supplement at DC charging • Dealerships stations • City ring service stations sites for PHEVs • Urban fleets • Highway truck stops and • OEM R&D • Public or private campus travel plazas • Sensitive grid applications • OEM R&D

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