Evidence Based Policing CONFERENCE 2019

Australia & New Zealand Society of Evidence Based Policing CONFERENCE 2019

Old Parliament House, Canberra Australian Institute of Criminology 31 Oct – 1 Nov 2019 Welcome

Welcome to the 2019 Australia and I would like to welcome our delegates from New Zealand Society of Evidence Based around the world, including Australia, New Policing Conference. Zealand, North America, Latin America, As President of the Australia and New Europe and Asia. I’m particularly pleased to Zealand Society of Evidence Based Policing see so many of my police colleagues from (ANZSEBP) I’m delighted to welcome you around the country have registered to attend. to our 2019 ANZSEBP Conference. I’d also like to acknowledge our sponsors We have partnered with the Australian for their support—our Gold Sponsors Institute of Criminology (AIC) to jointly the Department of Home Affairs, WA host this year’s conference. This is the Police Force and AUSTRAC, our Bronze first time we have held the conference in Sponsors Sysware Group and B-Sure Canberra and it seems fitting that we are Group Holdings, and our Satchel Sponsor meeting in the rooms of Old Parliament the AIC’s Serious and Organised Crime House. Research Laboratory. This year’s conference theme is New The standard of applied law enforcement Frontiers—How the Evidence Base can research that you will hear about over inform Policing and Law Enforcement. We the next two days, conducted by and with have presentations on countering terrorism police agencies from across Australia, New and countering violence extremism; Zealand and beyond, is truly indicative of responses to serious and organised the growing support for evidence-based crime; reducing child sexual exploitation; approaches to law enforcement. targeting high-risk offenders; improving The Society continues to work towards police practice and leadership and law promoting an evidence-based approach to enforcement training and education. policing and law enforcement, and we are The themes of this conference reflect excited to grow the conference, increase the growing importance of embedding the reach of the Society, and continue to evidence based policing as part of a wider work towards improving the safety of our range of law enforcement activity. communities. I especially welcome our keynote I encourage you to take advantage of the speakers: networking opportunities and to share • Dr Renée Mitchell, Police Sergeant in your knowledge generously with the other Sacramento Police Department and delegates. Enjoy this year’s conference, co-founder of the American Society of and I look forward to seeing you again Evidence-Based Policing; in 2020 in Auckland with our hosts New Zealand Police. • Professor Gloria Laycock, Founding Director of the UCL Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science; • Professor Lorraine Mazerolle, Professor of Criminology from the University of Queensland; and Assistant Commissioner Debbie Platz • Dr Geoffrey Barnes, Director of APM Criminology in the Western Australia President, Australia and New Zealand Police Force. Society of Evidence Based Policing Sponsors

Partner Sponsor

Australian Institute of Criminology

Gold Sponsors

Satchel Sponsor

Bronze Sponsors

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 1 Organising Committee

Geoffrey Barnes Western Australia Police Force, Co-Chair Anthony Morgan Australian Institute of Criminology, Co-Chair Debbie Platz Australian Federal Venue Police Tony Alderman Museum of Australian Democracy Australian Federal at Old Parliament House Police The Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Bruce O’Brien Parliament House is a living museum of social New Zealand Police and political history, located in a nationally listed heritage building in Parkes, Canberra. Simon Williams The Museum of Australian Democracy at Old New Zealand Police Parliament House helps people to understand David Cowan Australia’s social and political history by Victoria Police interpreting the past and present and exploring the future. Michael Newman Queensland Police ANZSEBP 2019 will be held in the Service Members’ Dining Room Paul Hart The Full Members’ Dining Room was originally a Queensland Police large banquet hall created by opening the doors Service between Members’ Dining rooms 1, 2 and 3. Lorraine Mazerolle When the parliament hosted Royalty, Heads University of of State, Ambassadors and other significant Queensland visitors, this large space would be utilised. Our Full Members’ Dining Room features an unobstructed view of the Australian Parliament House. With its high ceilings, original timber lamps and the Queen Victoria Terrace, which can be used in conjunction with the room, this space is an overall beautiful historic backdrop for all events.

2 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE About the ANZSEBP

The Australia & New Zealand Society of Evidence Based Policing (ANZSEBP) was formed in April 2013 in Brisbane, Australia. The ANZSEBP is a police practitioner-led Society. The mission of the ANZSEBP is to develop, disseminate and advocate for police to use scientific research (“the evidence”) to guide best practice in all aspects of policing. The ANZSEBP Chairperson serves on the Executive Board of the British Society of Evidence Based Policing, ensuring that the ANZSEBP works cooperatively with an international group of police to advance evidence based policing. The Society is made up of police officers, police staff, and research professionals who aim to make evidence-based police practice part of everyday policing in Australia and New Zealand. The Society advocates that all aspects of policing including police patrols, investigations, crime prevention, human resource management, and all other forms of service delivery should be evaluated using sound, scientific methods and used when the evaluation evidence shows that the police practice works to control or prevent crime and disorder or enhance quality of life. For more information see www.anzsebp.com

About the AIC

The Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) is Australia’s national research and knowledge centre Australian Institute of Criminology on crime and justice, compiling trend data and disseminating research and policy advice. The AIC informs crime and justice policy and practice in Australia by undertaking, funding and disseminating policy-relevant research of national significance. The AIC was established nearly 50 years ago and is part of the Home Affairs portfolio. The AIC conducts research on a range of crime and justice issues to provide timely, policy-relevant research to the Australian Government and other key stakeholders. Our current research priorities include illicit drugs, child exploitation material, transnational serious and organised crime, criminal justice responses to family and domestic violence, Indigenous over representation in the criminal justice system and youth crime. For more information see www.aic.gov.au

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 3 Social Functions Keynote Speakers

Cocktail Reception Sergeant Welcome to the 2019 ANZSEBP Renée J. Conference! This is the first social Mitchell opportunity to catch up with your interstate colleagues and sponsors of Sacramento Police the Meeting. The cocktail reception Department also provides a great opportunity to meet delegates who are attending the Dr Geoffrey conference for the first time. Tickets are Barnes inclusive for all conference attendees. Western Australia Date: Thursday 31 October Police Force Time: 1715-1815 Venue: King’s Hall Dress Code: Neat Casual Professor Lorraine Conference Dinner Mazerolle It is with great pleasure that the University of Organising Committee of the 2019 Queensland ANZSEBP Conference invite you to attend the Conference Dinner Professor in Members’ Dining Room 2 at the Museum of Australian Democracy Gloria Laycock at Old Parliament House. This is a Jill Dando Institute, ticketed event. UCL Date: Thursday 31 October Time: 1900-2200 Venue: Members’ Dining Room 2 Dress Code: Neat Casual #anzsebp2019 If you are not registered for any of the social functions but wish to attend please see the Conference Design staff at the Registration Desk.

4 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE Invited Speakers

Dr Simon Dr Sarah Walsh PSM Bennett Australian Federal University of Police Queensland

Mr Milan A/Professor Orgad Adrian Cherney Australia New Zealand Policing University of Advisory Agency Queensland

Inspector Mike Superintendent Newman Bruce O’Brien Queensland Police New Zealand Police Service

Mr Simon Mr Anthony Williams Morgan New Zealand Police Australian Institute of Criminology

Superintendent Dr Justin David Cowan Ready Victoria Police Griffith University

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 5 Program

Thursday 31 October 2019 0800-0830 Arrival tea and coffee and Registration SESSION 1: WELCOME & OPENING Members’ Dining Room 2 Chair: Assistant Commissioner Debbie Platz 0830-0915 Welcome and Opening Address | Assistant Commissioner Debbie Platz, President, Australia and New Zealand Society of Evidence Based Policing Welcome to Country | Wally Bell Opening Address | Dr Rick Brown, Deputy Director, Australian Institute of Criminology Awards Presentation | Assistant Commissioner Debbie Platz • Distinguished Police Scientist Award • Outstanding Police Experiment Award SESSION 2: INTERNATIONAL KEYNOTE ADDRESS 0915-1000 Police Training: What works, what doesn’t, and how we should change the future of police training Renée Mitchell, Sacramento Police Department, ASEBP Executive Committee Member SESSION 3: INVITED SPEAKERS 1000-1030 The art and science of policing Dr Simon Walsh PSM, National Manager Specialist Operations, Australian Federal Police 1030-1045 ANZPAA cross-jurisdictional research priorities Milan Orgad, Australia New Zealand Policing Advisory Agency 1045-1115 Morning Tea SESSION 4: INVITED SPEAKERS Members’ Dining Room 2 Chair: Dr Geoffrey Barnes, WA Police Force 1115-1145 Investigations Training: An experimental test of the effectiveness of the Introduction to Investigations course for general duties police officers Inspector Mike Newman, Queensland Police Service 1145-1215 The evidence base for routine interventions: Findings from the UK, Western Australia & New Zealand Simon Williams, New Zealand Police 1215-1245 What is the context of police and court diversion in Victoria and what opportunities exist for increasing police diversion of offenders? Superintendent David Cowan, Victoria Police 1245-1315 Transforming sexual assault investigation training: Using evidence to inform practice Dr Sarah Bennett, University of Queensland 1315-1415 Lunch

6 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE SESSION 5: PANEL SESSION WITH SENIOR POLICE LEADERS Members’ Dining Room 2 Chair: Stefanie Bradley, KPMG 1415-1435 Leading with Evidence: Senior Leadership and Evidence-Based Policing Warwick Jones, Australian Institute of Police Management 1435-1530 Panel: • Assistant Commissioner Karen Webb, New South Wales Police Force • Warwick Jones, Australian Institute of Police Management • Assistant Commissioner Debbie Platz, Australian Federal Police • Deputy Commissioner Tracy Linford, Crime, Counter Terrorism & Specialist Operations, Queensland Police Service 1530-1545 Afternoon Tea SESSION 6: EBP IN PRACTICE (short shot presentations) Child sexual exploitation & family & Responses to serious & organised domestic violence crime Members’ Dining Room 2 Members’ Dining Room 3 Chair: Superintendent David Cowan, Chair: Anthony Morgan, AIC Victoria Police 1545-1600 A randomised controlled trial of Using evidenced-based research to counter child exploitation material risk select effective covert officers assessment tools Detective Monica Semrad Dr David Mount 1600-1615 Sex offender register Priority Persons of What factors motivate individuals to Interest tool (SPPI) join and disaffiliate from organised Dr Karla Lopez, Craig Darragh crime gangs? Dr Julianne Webster 1615-1630 Predicting repeat domestic violence: The case to consider victimological Improving police risk assessment factors when analysing Organised Dr Christopher Dowling Crime characteristics Inspector Mark Langhorn 1630-1645 The promise of focused deterrence Structural and functional changes in an approaches to domestic violence in Australian high-level drug trafficking Australia network after exposure to supply Hayley Boxall changes Dr Matt O’Reilly 1645-1700 Can pre-recorded evidence raise Operation safer hotels: An ‘Inn- conviction rates in cases of Domestic Telligence’ gathering strategy at Perth Violence? hotels Steve Yeong Jesse Parmar 1700-1715 Q&A Session Q&A Session 1715-1815 Cocktail Reception King’s Hall 1820-1850 Insights Tour of MoAD (Fully booked – tickets essential) 1900-2200 Conference Dinner Members’ Dining Room 2

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 7 Friday 1 November 2019 0815-0845 ANZSEBP AGM – All members welcome Members’ Dining Room 2, MoAD 0815-0845 Arrival and Registration SESSION 1: WELCOME & OPENING (Day 2) Members’ Dining Room 2 Chairs: Dr Rick Brown & Dr Geoffrey Barnes 0845-0900 Welcome Dr Rick Brown, Deputy Director, Australian Institute of Criminology Dr Geoffrey Barnes, Vice President, Australian and New Zealand Society of Evidence Based Policing SESSION 2: INTERNATIONAL KEYNOTE ADDRESS Chair: Hamish Hansford, A/Deputy Secretary, Department of Home Affairs 0900-0945 Evidence Based Policing and Crime Science Professor Gloria Laycock, UCL Jill Dando Institute SESSION 3: KEYNOTE ADDRESS Members’ Dining Room 2 0945-1015 Impact of drug law enforcement: An updated systematic review Professor Lorraine Mazerolle, University of Queensland 1015-1045 Morning Tea SESSION 4: INVITED SPEAKERS Members’ Dining Room 2 Chair: Ciara Spencer, A/First Assistant Secretary, Department of Home Affairs 1045-1115 What works to counter violent extremism: The evaluation and effectiveness of case managed interventions Associate Professor Adrian Cherney, University of Queensland 1115-1145 The New Zealand Police EBP Journey Superintendent Bruce O’Brien, New Zealand Police 1145-1215 Could research become the newest weapon in the fight against outlaw motorcycle gangs? Anthony Morgan, Australian Institute of Criminology 1215-1245 A front-end application of Intelligence Led Policing (ILP) to reduce harm at crime hot spots: The Melbourne experiment Dr Justin Ready, Griffith University 1245-1345 Lunch SESSION 5: KEYNOTE ADDRESS Members’ Dining Room 2 Chair: Tony Alderman, AFP 1345-1415 Who forecasted it better? The battle between human cops and machine learning to predict future offending Dr Geoffrey Barnes, WA Police

Name: MoAD_Guest | No Password

8 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE SESSION 6: EBP IN PRACTICE (short shot presentations) Improving police practice & leadership Targeting high risk offenders & places Members’ Dining Room 2 Members’ Dining Room 3 Chair: Mike Newman, QPS Chair: Simon WIlliams, NZ Police 1415-1430 Reducing child sexual exploitation Exploring police demands for violent Senior Sergeant Craig Gye, Georgia behaviour on State of Origin game Wearne nights Claire Irvine 1430-1445 Predicting suspect resistance in arrests Predicting high harm family violence using a multivariate approach offenders using the WA Crime Harm Index Dr Kelly Hine Paul House 1445-1500 Accelerating leadership development Operationalising POI Management to for senior police: The power of reduce community harm: An evidence mentorship and the pivotal role played based approach to targeting high risk by superiors offenders though a predicted risk tool Dr Shane Doyle Peter Branca 1500-1515 Efficiency and effectiveness: Norwegian Licensed premises lighting: Creating officers discuss their experiences of ambience or violence being temporarily routinely armed Sergeant Christopher Gregory Dr Ross Hendy 1515-1530 The Embedded Youth Outreach Program Optimising parameter selection for – an innovative Victoria Police led predicting volume crime using hotspot collaborative response to youth offending mapping Katherine Danylak, Dr Anne Sophie Timothy Mashford Pichler 1530-1545 Q&A Session Q&A Session CLOSING SESSION Members’ Dining Room 2 Chair: Assistant Commissioner Debbie Platz 1550-1600 Concluding Remarks and Handover | Assistant Commissioner Debbie Platz & Superintendent Bruce O’Brien 1600 Conference Close 1600-1630 Closing Reception Members’ Bar Join the organising committee at the iconic Members’ Bar for a farewell beverage.

SAVE THE DATE Evidence Based Policing Conference 2020 5 –7 August 2020 | Vodafone NZ HQ | Smails Farm Auckland, New Zealand Follow us at @anzsebp or go to www.anzsebp.com for updates.

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 9 ABSTRACTS

10 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS

Police Training: What works, what doesn’t, and how we should change the future of police training Renée Mitchell, Sacramento Police Department, ASEBP Executive Committee Member Law enforcement training is one of the least researched areas in policing. Most training, especially at the academy level, centers around understanding and applying laws, hence the term ‘law enforcement’. Policing spends an inordinate number of hours learning how to get someone into custody, but the profession has grown well beyond the original intent of just THURSDAY 31 OCT 2019 | SESSION 2: 2019 31 OCT THURSDAY enforcing laws, as police officers now respond to all types of social problems. Policing now faces ADDRESS KEYNOTE INTERNATIONAL the difficult challenge of determining what training should take priority, how training should be conducted, and whether the current training schemes obtain the results they claim to. For example, many academies still train based on the theory that people have ‘learning styles’ even though this has no scientific support. Policing, like most professions, has difficulty adapting to new research that is counterintuitive to their beliefs, yet quick to adopt new training based on ‘everyone’s doing it’ mentality such as procedural justice and implicit bias training, or the newly titled transformational police training. Mental health and wellness trainings seem to be on the horizon as the next big fad. Many of these training programs could have beneficial outcomes, but how do we make that determination. How do we evaluate police training programs? What techniques are supported by research? And why won’t agencies adopt those programs more readily? This presentation will cover some of the latest research on procedural justice, implicit bias, and investigative interviewing and discuss where police training research should be headed over the next decade.

Biography:

Renée J. Mitchell has served in the Sacramento Police Department for twenty- one years and is currently a Police Sergeant. She holds a B.S. in Psychology, a M.A. in Counseling Psychology, a M.B.A., a J.D., and a Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of Cambridge. She was a 2009/2010 Fulbright Police Research Fellow where completed research in the area of juvenile gang violence at the London Metropolitan Police Service. You can view her TEDx talks, “Research not protests” and “Policing Needs to Change: Trust me I’m a Cop”, where she advocates for evidence-based policing. She is a co-founder of the American Society of Evidence-Based Policing, a National Police Foundation Fellow, a BetaGov Fellow, a member of the George Mason Evidence-Based Policing Hall of Fame, and a visiting scholar at the University of Cambridge. Her research areas include policing, evidence-based crime prevention, evaluation research and methods, place-based criminology, police/citizen communication and procedural justice. She has published her work in the “Journal of Experimental Criminology, Justice Quarterly”, and the “Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing”. She has an edited book with Dr. Laura Huey, “Evidence Based Policing: An introduction”.

______

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 11 THURSDAY 31 OCT 2019 | SESSION 3: ABSTRACTS

The art and science of policing INVITED SPEAKERS Dr Simon Walsh PSM, National Manager Specialist Operations, Australian Federal Police

Biography:

As the National Manager Specialist Operations Dr Simon Walsh leads a critical capability portfolio that amalgamates the AFP’s Forensics and Intelligence functions. With other members of the AFP’s Senior Executive Simon sets the agencies strategic direction and drives organisational performance and change. Simon works across government and industry sectors and represents the AFP on multiple national and international leadership forums addressing national security, intelligence and innovation issues. Prior to his current executive leadership responsibilities, Simon built a career in forensic science leadership and practice. As the AFP Chief Forensic Scientist, he developed a reforming vision for AFP Forensics and implemented structural and cultural transformation including the specialist design and function of the new AFP Forensic Facility. From 2008-2016 Simon was the AFP National Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) Commander. In this capacity he led numerous major operations including an international operational leadership role in Operation Bring Them Home (the downing of MH17). Prior to joining the AFP in 2006 Simon held a variety of professional and academic positions in Australia and New Zealand. Complimenting his operational achievements Simon has an established global reputation as a specialist and innovator. He has authored a textbook on DNA Evidence Interpretation, and over 100 book chapters and refereed articles. Simon received his PhD in 2009 and is an Adjunct Associate Professor of the University of Canberra. In recognition of his service and achievements, Simon has received a range of external awards including the Public Service Medal, Humanitarian Overseas Service Medal and National Emergency Medal under the Australian Honours framework. In 2014, Simon was awarded the UTS Vice- Chancellor’s Award for Excellence and the Faculty of Science UTS Alumni of the Year.

______

12 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS

ANZPAA cross-jurisdictional research priorities Milan Orgad1

1Australia New Zealand Policing Advisory Agency (ANZPAA) This session will discuss the development of the ANZPAA Cross-jurisdictional Research Priorities. This was as a result of the Police Research Workshop session at the ANZPAA Police Conference 2019. The Research Priorities is provides a foundation from which research efforts can be directed and focused to provide good value to police, researchers and the community. They enhance research capability through coordination, collaboration and knowledge sharing INVITED SPEAKERS to maximise value for policing, reduce duplication of effort and ensure police and their partners are collaborating. It further identifies a number of Research Domains that detail subject areas important to the evidence base for policing. | SESSION 3: 2019 31 OCT THURSDAY

Biography:

Milan Orgad leads a team of innovation and research experts at the Australia New Zealand Policing Advisory Agency (ANZPAA). In this role, he oversees projects that focus on current and future forecasting. These forecasts are analysed to provide meaningful evidence that aids police decision- making, and in this way, allows them to focus their education, research and project activities to better meet all potential future needs. Prior to working at ANZPAA, Milan was involved in government and public policy development in Australia and New Zealand. He has provided strategic advice on intergovernmental policy and legislation across governments, non-governmental agencies and the wider community. Milan holds a Masters of Arts, Political and Social Science from Monash University (Victoria), a Bachelor of Arts (Hons) from the Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.

______

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 13 THURSDAY 31 OCT 2019 | SESSION 4: ABSTRACTS

Investigations Training: An experimental test INVITED SPEAKERS of the effectiveness of the Introduction to Investigations course for general duties police officers Inspector Mike Newman, Queensland Police Service The Queensland Police Service provides investigations training to officers through the Detective Training Program (DTP) run by facilitators from the Detective & Specialist Investigations Training Section (DSITS) as part of our People Capability Command. However, officers are only eligible to enrol or remain in the DTP once permanently appointed as a

plain clothes investigator in a principal criminal investigative (PCI) area. There are currently a significant number of officers performing complex criminal investigative duties who are unable to access the DTP to obtain specific investigative knowledge, skills and training. The implementation of an investigations course to meet the training needs of these officers provides significant opportunity for the QPS to enhance its ability to meet its strategic goals. This investment by the QPS in their people will equip their workforce for the future and provide officers with greater knowledge, skills and confidence to stop crime through effective, innovative and efficient approaches to preventing, disrupting and investigating crime. This presentation will further discuss the background regarding the need for this type of course, the course design, and its proposed benefits. Further to this the presentation will cover the research methodology utilised as part of the evaluation of this training course and some of the initial results observed after two pilot courses have been delivered.

Biography:

Mike has over 27 years’ service, having worked in a variety of areas including: general duties; regional and specialised crime units; criminal investigation branches; tactical crime squad; and a number of corporate roles. Mike has also been seconded to the Australian Crime Commission. In 2013, as a Senior Sergeant in Brisbane Region, he managed an Evidence Based Policing project – the Mobile Police Community Office. In 2014 he joined the Australia and New Zealand Society for Evidence Based Policing and became the Secretariat for the Society in 2015. Mike was promoted to Inspector in 2015. In 2016 Mike undertook a 15-month secondment as the Evidence Based Policing Visiting Fellow at the University of Queensland where he worked collaboratively with the UQ Criminology team led by Professor Lorraine Mazerolle on a number of EBP projects. Since that time, Mike has undertaken duties as the Detective Inspector, managing the Investigations and Intelligence Training Unit and now is the Inspector, Leadership Centre as part of the Operational Policing and Leadership Group.

______

14 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS

The evidence base for routine interventions: Findings from the UK, Western Australia & New Zealand Simon Williams, New Zealand Police Hot spots policing strategies have been tested the world over, resulting in a strong body of evidence to support the adoption of police targeting places which suffer from concentrated INVITED SPEAKERS levels of crime. An ongoing systematic review and meta-analysis (Braga, et al. 2019) reveals that since 2014 there has been a 242% (46 studies) increase in the number of experimental or quasi-experimental studies of hot spots interventions by police. However, none of these studies has been able to measure how police can maximise deterrence of crime with minimal increases | SESSION 4: 2019 31 OCT THURSDAY in police patrol, at minimal cost to both resource and intrusion on communities within hot spots – evidence from Western Australia now provides us with some answers to this question. This paper takes a walk through the early days of hot spots policing, going on to examine evidence from studies in the UK, where the ‘Koper Curve’ was tested for the first time in an experiment which saw frequency and length of patrol randomly assigned across 7 hot spots. It then moves to Western Australia which saw 15 hot spots randomly assigned periods of up to 20 consecutive days in which individual hot spots remained in the control condition. Findings from this study tell us not only what impact police presence has on initial deterrence, but how long residual deterrence lasts before both frequency and severity of offending significantly spike – can we deploy less patrol to hot spots and still cool down crime? Finally, we move to New Zealand where work is underway to replicate the West Australian approach. This asks, for the first time in an NZ context, how street level crime, crime harm and demand concentrates over time in this unique geography and will also investigate officer perceptions of crime concentration.

Biography:

Simon began his police career with the West Midlands Police in 2002, working across frontline operational roles including Neighbourhood Policing, Roads Policing and Offender Management. During his time leading offender management Simon took the opportunity to complete a Master’s Degree in Applied Criminology and Police Management at the University of Cambridge. In 2016 Simon transferred to the Western Australian Police Service as a Senior Sergeant, leading a team under The Police Innovation and Improvement Command to operationalise Evidence Based Policing. During his 18 year career as a sworn officer, Simon has led and operationalised numerous field experiments testing hot spots policing, procedural justice, deferred prosecutions and crime prevention through environmental design. In May 2019 Simon transferred to New Zealand Police Service as a Manager within the newly established Evidence Based Policing Centre. Simon leads a multi-disciplinary team of researchers, knowledge experts, service designers and experienced police officers to test police practice in an applied context, promote evidence based policing and build the capability of officers and staff to make decisions based on the best available evidence of what works, what doesn’t and what looks promising in policing. Simon supports the Australia and New Zealand Society of Evidence Based Policing in the role of Secretariat and is currently the Managing Editor of the society’s journal, Police Science. In 2019 Simon was nominated as a Fellow of the American Society of Criminology, Division of Experimental Criminology.

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 15 THURSDAY 31 OCT 2019 | SESSION 4: ABSTRACTS

What is the context of police and court diversion INVITED SPEAKERS in Victoria and what opportunities exist for increasing police diversion of offenders? Superintendent David Cowan, Victoria Police Over 10 years since 2007/8, the combined number of adult and child offenders being diverted by police and courts has reduced from 22,098 cases to 18,165 cases. Over the same period, the rate of police diversion of adult offenders has reduced by 42%, police diversion of child offenders by 41% and adult court diversion by 50%. Over the same period, the number of adult offenders charged by police has almost doubled and is projected to triple over the next 5 years.

There has been a ‘hardening’ in the way in which police dispose of adult and child offenders, with an increased use of bail/remand, a reduction in support for diversion and the use of bail in one in three cases where an offender receives court diversion. Court sentences relating to child offenders at the same time have reduced in seriousness. The author suggests that legislative hardening of bail laws, a pro-arrest and pro-bail philosophy by police management and a ‘tough on crime environment’ have influenced police discretion away from diversion. There is a lack of celerity in court diversion cases with cases taking 375 days from offence date to completion of the diversion conditions, compared to traditional cases that take 291 days on average. Court diversion cases have 4.0 hearings compared to 3.7 hearings for traditional cases. Out of cases proven at court, 56% of cases result in a non-conviction finding of guilt, indicating the potential for an increase in police diversion of offenders.

Biography:

David Cowan has been a member of Victoria Police for 29 years and is Superintendent within the Southern Metropolitan Region of Melbourne. He has led a range of organisational reforms including the establishment of the first Family Violence Command in Australia as well as the formation Counter Terrorism Command. He led the organisational reviews of persons in custody and crime scene services. He has experience as a police prosecutor and a detective and more recently has overseen the drug and alcohol, victims, crime prevention and research portfolios. He is an Executive Member of the Australia New Zealand Society of Evidence Based Policing and is bridging the gap between academia and policing in Victoria.

______

16 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS

Transforming sexual assault investigation training: Using evidence to inform practice Dr Sarah Bennett, University of Queensland Sexual assault has profound and long lasting consequences for victims and impacts their life in far reaching and complex ways. The manner in which police respond to sexual assault cases including their engagement with victims and decision-making during the investigative process

are paramount to case progression and justice. The Queensland Police Service Detective INVITED SPEAKERS and Specialist Investigation Training Unit, in partnership with The University of Queensland, developed and experimentally tested a two-week specialised Investigating Sexual Assault (ISA) training course that provides investigators with expert understanding of sexual offending, THURSDAY 31 OCT 2019 | SESSION 4: 2019 31 OCT THURSDAY offender typologies, interviewing skills as well as self-care strategies for officers to reduce secondary traumatic stress. This presentation provides results relating to investigators pre/ post knowledge of legislation, perceptions of their role and approach to victims and offenders, and value of investigator wellbeing. Additionally, results demonstrate the impact of the ISA course on investigators’ sexual assault case management outcomes. Results inform the role of police training in delivering measurable gains for victims, justice outcomes and police wellbeing. This research sits within the broader framework of testing training to transform practice.

Biography:

Dr Sarah Bennett is a Senior Lecturer in Criminology at the University of Queensland. Her research interests include evidence-based policing, procedural justice and legitimacy, and crime prevention. These interests are interwoven within three research aims to 1) advance the role of police and police training in improving outcomes for victims, offenders and communities, 2) understand mechanisms that produce sustainable crime control benefits and 3) innovate rigorous research methods in real world settings. Sarah is a Fellow of the Academy of Experimental Criminology with significant international expertise in conducting complex trials to inform policy and practice.

______

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 17 THURSDAY 31 OCT 2019 | SESSION 6: ABSTRACTS

CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION & FAMILY & EBP IN PRACTICE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Joint AFP / UQ Research Project - A Randomised Controlled Trial of Counter Child Exploitation Material Risk Assessment Tools

1 2

Dr David Mount , Professor Lorraine Mazerolle

1University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 2University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia The proliferation of child exploitation material (CEM) on the internet and social media platforms and the ever-increasing involvement of Australian citizens in its possession, production and distribution is a growing concern for law enforcement. Of equal concern is the ability of police to effectively manage the increasing flows of cyber tip data and the associated risk assessment / investigative actions required to counter and reduce CEM. Commencing in July 2019, UQ was contracted by the AFP to undertake a review of its existing CEM risk assessment processes and tools with a view to developing an improved CEM risk assessment procedure based on current, global best-practice. Following this review, UQ, in partnership with the AFP’s Australian Centre to Counter Child Exploitation (ACCCE), will conduct a Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) of the newly-developed CEM risk assessment tool in order to measure its relative effectiveness and improvements on the existing processes and procedures. As this research will be ‘in-flight’ at the time of the ANZSEBP Conference, this short shot oral presentation will detail the findings of the review phase of the research project. The presentation will also provide an overview of the proposed RCT design and outcome measures with a view to demonstrating Evidence Based Policing in action.

Sex Offender Register Priority Persons of Interest Tool (SPPI) Dr Karla Lopez1, Craig Darragh1

1Victoria Police, Melbourne, Australia The Sex Offender Registration Act 2004 has as its main aims, to keep up to date records of personal details and whereabouts of registered offenders in order to reduce the likelihood of reoffending, facilitate investigation and prosecution of new offences and prevent registered offenders from working with children. The Sex Offender Registry (SOR) is the unit tasked with acquitting the responsibilities of Victoria Police under this Act. Fifteen years into the scheme, there are thousands of registered sex offenders with a few hundred added to the register every year. The Victoria Police SOR has worked hard to establish an evidence-based risk assessment and management model. However, with existing resources it is not possible to maintain up to date, dynamic risk assessment of every offender living in the community. This challenge, coupled with the introduction of proactive targeting teams tasked with proactive investigation and targeting of RSOs posing

18 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS the highest risk to the community has led to the development of the SOR priority persons of interest (SPPI) tool. The SPPI has been designed for the purposes of identifying the highest risk registered sex offenders to be targeted for risk mitigation activity. This prediction is based on evidence-based risk factors as well as factors arising from the data through the use of artificial intelligence. The SPPI has the ability to identify high risk RSOs by integrating a large amount of data and risk- relevant features. It provides an up to date list of POIs who should be targeted for enhanced management involving a local compliance manager and other supervising agencies or who warrant increased policing disruption/ risk mitigation efforts (e.g. compliance, enforcement). It enhances the speed between insight and action in order to protect the Victorian community.

Predicting repeat domestic violence: Improving police risk assessment Dr Chris Dowling1, Mr Anthony Morgan1

1Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra, Australia This study examines how accurately ACT Policing’s Family Violence Risk Assessment Tool (FVRAT) predicts repeat domestic violence. The FVRAT is a 37-item tool used by police in the ACT to inform their responses to domestic violence. It examines a sample of 350 unique cases of violence involving current or former intimate partners between March and December 2017 in which police used the FVRAT. Repeat domestic violence was measured based on whether a subsequent report of domestic violence was made to police within six months. The FVRAT is not a strong predictor of repeat domestic violence. However, an empirically refined version of the FVRAT consisting of 10 individually predictive items much more accurately predicts repeat domestic violence.

The promise of focused deterrence approaches to domestic violence in Australia Ms Hayley Boxall1, Mr Anthony Morgan2

1Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra, Australia, 2Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Focused deterrence approaches to domestic violence have been developed in the US to increase offender accountability, reduce reoffending and appropriately target responses to high-risk victims. While innovative, the model has strong theoretical and empirical foundations. It is based on a set of fundamental principles and detailed analysis of domestic violence patterns and responses. This paper uses recent Australian research to explore the feasibility of adapting this model to an Australian context. Arguments in favour of the model, and possible barriers to implementation, are described. Based on a now extensive body of local research on patterns of domestic violence offending and reoffending, and in light of recent developments in responses to domestic violence, this paper concludes with a recommendation to trial focused deterrence and pulling levers to reduce domestic violence reoffending in an Australia pilot site.

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 19 ABSTRACTS

Can pre-recorded evidence raise conviction rates in cases of Domestic Violence? Mr Steve Yeong1, Dr Suzanne Poynton2

1NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Sydney, Australia, 2NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Sydney, Australia Objectives: To identify the causal effect of pre-recorded evidence on the probability of a conviction in cases of Domestic Violence (DV) assault. Methods: We use administrative police and court data from the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW). The data contains information for cases involving at least one DV assault charge that was finalised between 1 June 2015 and 31 August 2018. Using these data we exploit exogenous variation in the availability of pre-recorded evidence in an Instrumental Variables framework. Because there are no “always-takers” in our setting, this approach enables us to identify the Average Treatment Effect on the Treated. Results: We find that pre-recorded evidence increases the probability of a conviction by six percentage points. In relative terms, when compared to cases without pre-recorded evidence, this equates to an increase of 7.9 per cent. When we restrict our sample to the one in four cases that proceed to a defended hearing, we find that pre-recorded evidence raises the probability of a conviction by 17.1 percentage points (a relative increase of 24.5%). Conclusions: Pre-recorded evidence raises conviction rates in cases of DV assault, particularly for cases that proceed to a defended hearing.

______

20 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS

RESPONSES TO SERIOUS & ORGANISED CRIME

Using evidenced-based research to select effective covert officers

Miss Monica Semrad1 EBP IN PRACTICE

1Australian Federal Police , Sydney, Australia, 2University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia In Australia, as in many jurisdictions around the world, police use deception to gain intelligence, to prevent offences from occurring, and to solve crimes. Where deception is used, the risks | SESSION 6: 2019 31 OCT THURSDAY to the investigation and to the safety of police officers increases, especially for undercover operatives and teams managing informants, as fictitious stories exposed by suspects could lead to retaliation against police. Success in covert fields relies on the believability of police in fictious roles, yet the effective use of deception by police in covert fields of policing and criminal interviews remains relatively underexplored in the literature and in everyday practice. Current selection processes for police assigned to these areas do not include tests to identify effective ‘liars’, as standardized, reliable tests do not currently exist. Research underway investigates lie- and truth-production ability of three groups (84 university students, 50 Australian police officers-in-training, 52 experienced covert police officers) by exploring their deception and their personality. Importantly results indicate that neither sex nor age are indicators of credibility as a storyteller, supporting broader organisational aims for fairness in selection and cultural change. Further, undesirable traits such as Machiavellianism also have no relationship with either truth or lie production. Other results indicate extraversion, social skills, sentimentality and diligence are key to deception success. Implementation of deception capability tests prior to training provides police with an evidence-based, low-cost method of improving operational safety and effectiveness, thereby reducing exposure of covert training, methodology and assets.

What factors motivate individuals to join and disaffiliate from organised crime gangs? Dr Julianne Webster1, Dr Winnie Chiu1, Dr Christopher Dowling2, Mr Anthony Morgan2

1Queensland Police Service, Brisbane City , Australia, 2AIC, Canberra, Australia Law enforcement agencies have traditionally measured success in combating Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (OMCG) through quantifying the outcomes of targeting activities such as arrests, charges, court sentencing, assets seized, and forfeitures. However countries like Australia are increasingly recognising the promising outcomes from programs such as those operating in Scandinavia and the United States, to support individuals to leave crime gangs and influence the development of pro-social behaviours. Unique and innovative research undertaken by the Queensland Police Service in collaboration with Australia Institute of Criminology’s (AIC) Serious and Organised Crime Research Laboratory (SOCR-Lab) is assisting to inform national law enforcement about the factors influencing both recruitment into and disaffiliation from OMCG. These research findings will

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 21 ABSTRACTS be used to directly inform the development of prevention and exit program strategies for the national context. The presentation will provide an overview of this research and will discuss preliminary findings.

The case to consider victimological factors when analysing Organised Crime characteristics Mr Mark Langhorn1

1Victoria Police, Dandenong, Australia It was identified through this Australian study undertaken by Inspector Mark Langhorn, that organised crime groups operate in a variety of criminal markets and as a result the methodology of organised crime groups also vary. It was identified that the current attributes of the Sleipnir framework of Organised Crime did not reflect the link or reliance an organised crime group may have on victims to succeed in their criminal endeavours. To succeed in human trafficking operations the level of victimisation against an individual would be considered an essential element to undertake the crime. In contrast, crimes against statute, such as firearms trafficking, would have a lower level of victimisation as individuals or groups of people are unlikely to be harmed, injured or subject to economic loss to facilitate such a crime. It is asserted that understanding and identifying an organised crime groups ability and need to victimise individuals, groups or businesses is an important element to understanding the context of organised criminal offending. This led to the development of a Victimological Framework and further defined the organised crime attribute, ‘victimisation’; which was incorporated into the research on the context of organised crime involvement in sex-trafficking crimes in Australia. This presentation provides the case for an evidence-based approach to understanding victimological characteristics in the context of organised crime activities.

Structural and functional changes in an Australian high-level drug trafficking network after exposure to supply changes Dr Matt O’Reilly1, A/Prof Caitlin Hughes2, A/Prof David Bright2, Prof Alison Ritter3

1NSW Police Force, Sydney, Australia, 2Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia, 3UNSW, Syndey, Australia

Background Illicit drug markets and associated supply changes (including changes in availability and purity) have been studied for many years but with limited attention to how drug trafficking networks adapt to such changes and the consequences thereof: the aim of this study.

Methods A longitudinal social network analysis was applied to a high-level drug trafficking network which supplied methamphetamine and other drugs over 15 years in Melbourne, Australia (1997-2007). Data were extracted from judges’ sentencing comments, a biography, and

22 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS mainstream media. Five time periods were devised, and supply changes (distinguishing between law-enforcement-caused and non-law-enforcement-caused) were coded in each period. Then, the associated structural and functional changes in the network were analysed within and between periods.

Results Thirty-two supply changes were identified, of which 59% were law-enforcement-caused and 41% not. Temporally associated structural and functional changes included a shift from mostly international trafficking to mostly domestic manufacture (and vice versa), recruiting corrupted public officials, decentralisation, as well as changes in network density, roles, and size. Despite 32 supply changes, the network continued to sell large quantities of drugs for at least 15 years.

Conclusion This research highlighted the complex adaptive nature of the illicit drug trade and its resilience to market change. Supply changes were associated with a variety of structural and functional changes in the network, some of which resulted in negative consequences such as corruption or increased domestic manufacture of methamphetamine. This suggests that whenever supply disruptions take place, it is important to be prepared for trafficker adaptations.

Operation Safer Hotels: An ‘Inn-Telligence’ Gathering Strategy at Perth Hotels Mr Jesse Parmar1

1WA Police Force, Perth, Australia

Objectives To test the effect of police engagement strategies in increasing both the quantity and quality of intelligence reports from the hotel community in the Perth metropolitan area.

Methods The study employed a randomised experimental design in which 126 hotels were matched into triplets based on size, CAD demand (calls for service) and quality (based on online reviews). Hotels within each triplet were then randomly allocated to one of three groups: a control group, Treatment Group 1 or Treatment Group 2. The control group received business as usual policing. Treatment Group 1 received personal engagement from a police officer, using a procedurally-just checklist. This group were provided with: literature on drug related behaviour, a dedicated ‘Operation Safer Hotels’ phone number and a monthly email outlining positive interaction and outcomes of reporting. Treatment Group 2 received a letter outlining the Operation and the literature on drug related behaviour. Key outcome measures included intelligence reports, recorded offences, crime harm (as measured by the WA-CHI) and quantity of drugs seized.

Results Compared to the control group, Treatment Group 1 provided: three times as many intelligence reports; nearly three times as many drug related intelligence reports; four times the number

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 23 ABSTRACTS of offenders identified from a 39% increase in reporting; and had a greater quantity of drugs seized from those offenders.

Conclusions The findings suggest that face-to-face, procedurally just engagement that includes feedback and regular contact with members of the hotel community has a positive impact on uncovering hidden offending; specifically drug related offending taking place on hotel premises.

______

24 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS

Evidence Based Policing and Crime Science Professor Gloria Laycock, UCL Jill Dando Institute Suggesting ‘new’ ways to police are a feature of modern policing. EBP is one of the latest. In this presentation some of the similarities between EBP, problem solving and problem oriented policing will be briefly discussed against the backdrop of crime science – the argument being that they are all essentially singing from the same hymn sheet. The presentation will go on to discuss what works in crime reduction paying particular attention to taking a problem solving approach and the importance of identifying the mechanisms, contexts, implementation challenges and costs associated with an intervention.

Acknowledging the extent to which problem solving ‘works’, the UK Government has | SESSION 2: 2019 1 NOV FRIDAY recently invested £6m in an attempt to embed the approach in UK policing. This investment ADDRESS KEYNOTE INTERNATIONAL is being evaluated by UCL, which has led to the identification of the necessary conditions for successfully implementing and embedding change in police agencies. Early findings will be presented.

Biography

Gloria Laycock is an internationally renowned expert in crime prevention, and especially situational approaches which seek to design out situations which provoke crime. She graduated in Psychology from UCL in 1968 and began her career as a prison psychologist. In 1975 she completed her PhD, working at Wormwood Scrubs prison in West London. Building on her PhD research, she commenced work in the late 1970s at the Home Office where she stayed for over thirty years, dedicating the last twenty to research and development in the policing and crime prevention fields. She founded the Home Office Police Research Group, and edited its publications on policing and crime prevention for seven years. She has been a consultant on policing and crime prevention in North and South America, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, South Africa, the UAE and Europe. She was an advisor to HEUNI, a UN affiliated crime prevention organisation based in Helsinki from 2001 until 2012 and has acted as a UN consultant in Myanmar. In 1999 she was awarded an International Fellowship by the United States National Institute of Justice in Washington DC, followed by a four-month consultancy at the Australian Institute of Criminology in Canberra. She returned to the UK to become the founding director of the Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science in 2001. The institute engages a wide range of sciences and design experts in cross- disciplinary work in collaboration with police and industry to find new ways to reduce crime. She was founding editor of the Crime Science book series and was Editor in Chief of the Crime Science Journal until 2018. She was awarded an OBE in the Queen’s Birthday Honours 2008 for services to crime policy.

______

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 25 ABSTRACTS FRIDAY 1 NOV 2019 | SESSION 3: Impact of drug law enforcement: An updated KEYNOTE ADDRESS systematic review Professor Lorraine Mazerolle, University of Queensland Australian drug policy costs more than AUD$1 billion each year, including police services, judicial resources, legal expenses, corrective services, Australian Federal Police, Australian Customs, and Border Force. Nearly two thirds of drug policy expenditure is spent on state and federal law enforcement activities, including both (a) proactive street-level drug law enforcement tactics including third party partnership policing and problem-oriented policing; and (b) a range of reactive, ‘standard’ policing tactics including crackdowns, raids, and buy- busts. The Global Policing Database (GPD) was used to update an earlier 2007 systematic review to assess the impact of street-level law enforcement interventions on drug crime and drug calls-for-service. A total of 26 studies (reported in 29 documents) were eligible for the updated review. Of these, 18 studies reported sufficient data to calculate effect sizes. We find that geographically targeted law enforcement interventions are more effective for reducing drug crime than standard, unfocused approaches. Street-level drug law enforcement approaches that focus on larger problem areas are more effective than approaches that focus on smaller, more micro problem places.

Biography

Lorraine Mazerolle is an Australian Research Council Laureate Fellow (2010–2015), a Professor of Criminology in the School of Social Science at the University of Queensland, and a Chief Investigator with the ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (LCC). Her research interests are in experimental criminology, policing, drug law enforcement, regulatory crime control, and crime prevention. She is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Experimental Criminology, past Chair of the American Society of Criminology’s (ASC) Division of Experimental Criminology (2014–2015), an elected Fellow and past president of the Academy of Experimental Criminology (AEC), and an elected fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences, Australia and the American Society of Criminology (ASC). Professor Mazerolle is the recipient of the 2018 ASC Thorsten Sellin & Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck Award, the 2016 ASC Division of Policing Distinguished Scholar Award, the 2013 AEC Joan McCord Award, and the 2010 ASC Division of International Criminology Freda Adler Distinguished Scholar Award. She has won numerous US and Australian national competitive research grants on topics such as third party policing, police engagement with high risk people and disadvantaged communities, community regulation, problem-oriented policing, police technologies, civil remedies, street-level drug enforcement and policing public housing sites.

______

26 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS

What works to counter violent extremism: The evaluation and effectiveness of case managed interventions Associate Professor Adrian Cherney, University of Queensland In recent years there has been the proliferation of programs aimed at preventing radicalisation and disengaging known violent extremists. Some programs have targeted individuals through INVITED SPEAKERS the use of case management approaches and the development of individual intervention plans (e.g. the Channel program in the UK; the NSW Corrections Proactive Integrated Support

Model and state-based division initiatives in Australia implemented by police). There is a broad | SESSION 4: 2019 1 NOV FRIDAY consensus in the literature that the evaluation of such initiatives has been neglected. However the evaluation of case managed CVE interventions is challenging. They can have small caseloads which makes it difficult to have any comparison or control group. Client participation can vary overtime, with no one intervention plan being alike. This can make it hard to untangle the relative influence of different components of the intervention on indicators of radicalisation and disengagement. This paper will provide results from primary research that has set out to evaluate case managed CVE interventions in Australia and develop evaluation metrics. This research involves the examination of interventions implemented by NSW Corrections and police in NSW, Victoria and Queensland. Results from this research will be provided and a number of cases used to illustrate trajectories and turning points related to radicalisation and highlight the role of case managed interventions in facilitating disengagement. Key elements of effective interventions will be highlighted.

Biography

Adrian Cherney is an Associate Professor in the School of Social Science at the University of Queensland. He is also an Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellow. His current work focuses on the evaluation of programs aimed at countering violent extremism and he has undertaken research on the supervision of terrorist offenders in Australian who have been released into the community on parole. His ARC Future Fellowship aims to develop and test metrics and methods to evaluate case-managed interventions and community-based programs targeting individuals who have been convicted for a terrorist offence or have been identified as at risk of radicalising to violent extremism. This includes the assessment of a number of intervention programs in Australia and collecting primary quantitative and qualitative data on program outcomes, including from clients and staff. Other projects have included identifying available data sources and measures for CVE evaluation. His research has also focused on community cooperation in counter-terrorism and police engagement of Muslim communities in counter-terrorism efforts. He has secured grants from the Australian Research Council, the US Air Force, the Australian Institute of Criminology, the Queensland Department of Communities, New South Wales Corrective Services and the Commonwealth Attorney General’s Department.

______

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 27 ABSTRACTS FRIDAY 1 NOV 2019 | SESSION 4: The New Zealand Police EBP Journey INVITED SPEAKERS Superintendent Bruce O’Brien, New Zealand Police For New Zealand Police, Evidence Based Policing is about testing how effective our actions, approaches and strategies are, researching emerging issues or trends, to develop new ways of working to better serve New Zealanders. Five key EBP success criteria are expected of EBP in New Zealand Police to deliver on, this presentation will discuss the structure, challenges and successes of EBP in New Zealand within its first year of operation. develop

Biography:

Superintendent Bruce O’Brien joined New Zealand Police in 1999 and has worked most of his career in operational and investigation roles in Auckland. While in a crime prevention role, he turned to available research on burglary which led him to the world of EBP and how research and data can complement police strategies and crime prevention initiatives. Bruce has a strong interest in Restorative Justice and how it can be used to reduce recidivism and victimisation. He has contributed to research on Iwi Community Panels in New Zealand which use restorative justice principles with the intent of keeping low level offending out of the criminal justice system and providing victims a voice in the process. In December 2018, Bruce was appointed as the inaugural Director of Evidence Based Policing in New Zealand and leads a large team of academics and operational practitioners nationally. Bruce is excited about the possibilities EBP presents for Law Enforcement in Australasia and looks forward to further collaborating with academic institutes and Law Enforcement internationally.

______

28 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS

Could research become the newest weapon in the fight against outlaw motorcycle gangs? Anthony Morgan, Australian Institute of Criminology Evidence-based policing largely has its origins in targeting, testing and tracking responses to volume crimes. But law enforcement, both at the commonwealth and state and territory level, are increasingly focused on serious and organised crime groups. Recent attention has been

directed at outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMCGs) and the threat they pose to public safety. No INVITED SPEAKERS longer are they regarded as motorcycle enthusiasts at the fringes of society; rather, modern OMCGs have become synonymous with Australian organised crime. But applied Australian research to understand offending by OMCGs, or the most effective ways to respond, is in its | SESSION 4: 2019 1 NOV FRIDAY relative infancy. This situation is starting to improve. The Australian Institute of Criminology has, as part of its new Serious and Organised Crime Research Lab, embarked on an ambitious research agenda to help inform the work of our law enforcement partners. This paper will use the results of the analysis of national data on the criminal histories of almost 5,700 OMCG members, nearly 500 chapters and 39 gangs to illustrate the potential value of research to law enforcement policy and practice. These data were used to examine the prevalence, characteristics and concentration of offending at the individual, chapter and group level. This study provides the first national measure of OMCG involvement in violent offending and ongoing criminal enterprises, particularly the supply of drugs and firearms, as well as individual and group-level risk factors for offending. This is an important first stage in the development of an evidence- base to help prevent and disrupt serious and organised criminal activity by OMCGs.

Biography

Anthony Morgan is the Research Manager for the Australian Institute of Criminology’s Serious and Organised Crime Research Laboratory (SOCR-Lab), working closely with law enforcement and academia on research to understand and find ways to disrupt organised crime. His own research focuses on the criminal careers of organised crime offenders and outlaw motorcycle gangs. He has published extensively in the area of policing, including policing responses to domestic violence, police investigations and use of technology, police partnerships and crime analysis to inform policing.

______

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 29 ABSTRACTS FRIDAY 1 NOV 2019 | SESSION 4: A front-end application of Intelligence Led INVITED SPEAKERS Policing (ILP) to reduce harm at crime hot spots: The Melbourne experiment Dr Justin Ready, Griffith University The current policing environment has been described by Jerry Ratcliffe as being information rich but knowledge poor. The inconsistent use of intelligence has led police executives to call for greater use of criminal intelligence for shaping police priorities and operations – an approach defined as Intelligence Led Policing (ILP). Police organizations increasingly have access to

real-time data that may provide critical intelligence relating to hot spots, repeat victimization locations, and prolific offenders. To date, many applications of intelligence led policing have been reactive, aimed at providing tactical case support and augmenting traditional operations. However, the intent of ILP is to re-prioritize police resources so that intelligence is used for proactive strategic planning. This project seeks to optimize the deployment of The Victoria Police Force’s Operational Response Unit (ORU) by focusing police resources on a harm reduction effort in crime hot spots to address persistent street-level crime problems. The intervention consists of three strategies that are designed to optimize the impact and residual deterrent effects of the ORU: 1) focusing proactive patrols in micro locations that have been identified as being persistent crime hots spots; 2) providing frontline officers with weekly Digital Intelligence Briefs (DIBs) on crime hot spots; and 3) implementing new GPS technology that provides automatic GPS alerts (i.e., pinging) when patrol units enter a crime hot spot.

Biography

Justin Ready has worked in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Griffith University as a Senior Lecturer since 2016. He received his PhD at Rutgers University, where he served as Project Director in the Centre for Crime Prevention Studies. He later worked as a Senior Research Associate at the Police Foundation in Washington, DC. His research focuses on crime hot spots and the impact of new technology on police practices. He is the 2013 recipient of the Young Experimental Scholar Award and the 2016 recipient of the Award for the Outstanding Experimental Field Trial. Recently, he has studied the effects of active shooter incidents on officer memory/cognition, and the impact of body worn video and GPS technology on police management and operations. His publications have appeared in academic journals such as Criminology, the Journal of Experimental Criminology and Justice Quarterly.

______

30 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS

Who forecasted it better? The battle between human cops and machine learning to predict future offending Dr Geoffrey Barnes, WA Police Force Advanced statistical techniques are getting better with every passing month, and can be enormously accurate in predicting some kinds of future events. While these efforts aren’t very common in the criminal justice system – at least not yet – they bring with them an enormous ADDRESS KEYNOTE amount of controversy. Are these statistical methods really all that accurate? Are they ethical?

Do they mirror the same biases that already exist in the criminal justice system? Should | SESSION 5: 2019 1 NOV FRIDAY criminal justice systems be based upon what we think offenders will do in the future, or should we focus only on what they have done in the past? Previous research has already examined the base levels of accuracy that machine learning can produce when forecasting future offending. But until now, we haven’t been able to compare these results to the kinds of predictions that ordinary police officers have been making (often quite informally) for the last hundred years. This paper will examine several different predictive analytics models from a variety of policing jurisdictions, and examine how these forecasts differ from the predictions made by human police officers for the exact same cases. Who is better at identifying future criminal behaviour? Man or machine? This paper will attempt to find out.

Biography

Dr Geoffrey Barnes is an Affiliated Lecturer in Evidence Based Policing, supervising students in the Police Executive Programme who are seeking their M.St. in Applied Criminology and Police Management. He has both led and participated in multiple randomised controlled trials, while also performing work on the actuarial forecasting of future criminal behavior, the development of crime and anti-social behaviour over the life course, and the use of cost incentives to promote better outcomes for children in foster care. His research interests also include the use of restorative justice and cognitive behavioural therapy with criminal offenders, the effects of swift and certain sanctions on illegal behaviour, the connections between criminal justice involvement and mortality, and the employment of large data sets derived from official government systems. He earned his Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of Maryland, and was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Experimental Criminology in 2011. Prior to joining the faculty at Cambridge, he had previous appointments at the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Maryland, and Australian National University.

______

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 31 ABSTRACTS FRIDAY 1 NOV 2019 | SESSION 6: IMPROVING POLICE PRACTICE & LEADERSHIP EBP IN PRACTICE

Reducing Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) Detective Senior Sergeant Craig Gye1, Georgia Wearne1

1Victoria Police, , Australia The Dandenong Sexual Offences and Child Abuse Investigation Team (SOCIT) has established a dedicated Child Sexual Exploitation team, comprised of investigators, a Tactical Intelligence Officer and Youth Resource officers. The role of the team is to prevent CSE, build relationships with children vulnerable to CSE who are in out of home care, as well as disrupting the activities of persons of interest. There is also a significant intelligence gathering function. The team has secured various convictions and results from this new operating model, and has been positively evaluated. This ‘short shot’ will discuss the development of the CSE team and the challenges of operating in the CSE field. Successes, failures and future development will be discussed.

Predicting Suspect Resistance in Arrests using a Multivariate Approach Dr Kelly Hine1, Dr Jason Payne1

1Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia The use of force by police is one of the most critical issues in policing today. One of the most consistent findings within the use-of-force research is that the best predictor of police use of force is that the suspect is resisting arrest. Yet, suspect resistance itself is relatively rarely research. This study takes a multivariate approach to examine suspect resistance in arrests. The study drew from the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) programme – Australia’s longest running cross-sectional survey of offenders at the gateway to the criminal justice system. It gathers data from approximately 1700 detainees annually about the detainee’s official criminal charges and self-reported prior offending; recent and historical drug use; mental health and demographic characteristics. Data was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to identify factors that predict suspect resistance in terms of whether the suspect was charged with resisting arrest or no resisting arrest charge. Results are discussed in terms of both risk factors and protective factors in determining whether a suspect will resist arrest.

______

32 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS

Accelerating leadership development for senior police: the power of mentorship and the pivotal role played by superiors Dr Shane Doyle1, Associate Professor Olav Muulink1, Associate Professor Linda Colley1

1Central Queensland University, Brisbane , Australia The population of commissioned officers in Australia is highly homogeneous in ways that have significant implications for leadership development within those ranks. Commissioned officers can be broadly characterised as older, white males, who joined policing early and who have steadfastly remained with one agency. To provide insight into their development as leaders, stratified random sampling involving face- to-face interviews were undertaken with 20 Queensland Police Service (QPS) commissioned officers. Officers described their varied and rich ‘lived experiences’ which detailed factors that promoted, and hindered, their development as leaders. This research showed that the way officers learnt leadership broadly reflected the 70:20:10 learning model—but the ‘reflection’ comes with a certain degree of irony. Rather than mirroring a deliberate policy that guides officers in mapping out their leadership development strategy, the 70:20:10 breakdown reflects the fact that the majority of leadership development is done, in the field (70%) instead of the classroom (10%), in a ‘sink or swim’ action learning. Mentorship (the remaining 20%) is valued, and at times, highly effective, but is not being handled in any systematic or effective way. Negative mentorship (learning about what NOT to do, as much as what to do) is not uncommon. This research has implications for how police agencies go about developing their leaders. In particular, the research highlights the pivotal role played by superiors in accelerating, or potentially derailing, an officers’ development as a leader. Put simply, superiors (as good mentors) paired with suitable challenges and adequate support, create good leaders.

Efficiency and effectiveness: Norwegian officers discuss their experiences of being temporarily routinely armed Dr Ross Hendy1

1Monash University, Melbourne, Australia Officers from the Norwegian police were routinely armed with firearms from July 2014 to February 2016 in response to a terrorist threat. This paper explores the experiences of a sample of officers (N=16) who were routinely armed during this period. The research took a mixed-methods approach using semi-structured interviews and two psychometric tests one month before the policy was rescinded. Two key themes emerged. First, officers believed that being routinely armed was advantageous for routine police activities. Officers described that tactical planning had improved as it was no longer necessary to wait for permission to respond with a firearm. The associated tactical freedom triggered an increase in self-belief in measures of effectiveness and efficiency. Second, officers believed that although officers had observed some behavioural changes when interacting with citizens, over time, citizens became

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 33 ABSTRACTS acclimatised to the presence of firearms. These findings provide new empirical evidence relevant to the debate surrounding the implications of permanently arming a routinely unarmed police force. Policy recommendations are discussed, and hypotheses are proposed for future research. The Embedded Youth Outreach Program – an innovative Victoria Police led collaborative response to youth offending

The Embedded Youth Outreach Program – An innovative Victoria Police led collaborative response to youth offending Ms Katherine Danylak1, Commander Tim Hansen1, Anne Sophie Pichler2

1Victoria Police, Melbourne, Australia, 2Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University , Melbourne, Australia Victoria Police is trialling the Embedded Youth Outreach Program (EYOP) – an ambitious and targeted approach aimed at reducing youth offending across two Melbourne metropolitan trial sites (west and south east). The EYOP is a collaborative initiative which sees a police officer paired with a youth worker operating outside of business hours, to reflect the time of day when young people are most likely to be at risk of offending or victimisation. The pilot project aims to reduce long-term involvement in the criminal justice system by engaging with the young person and their family, assessing their needs and referring them to youth-specific supports. The project is being concurrently evaluated by the research team led by Professor James Ogloff from the Centre for Forensic Behavioural at Science Swinburne University. Early findings are suggesting that this very unique model has opened opportunities for engagement and service linkage that would not be available with police members responding alone. The evaluation is utilising quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the EYOP. This provides an opportunity to build an evidence base and strengthen the existing model by making evidence based iterative changes. This presentation will summarise the findings from the evaluation of the first year of service delivery, explore the EYOP incubation process during the design phase, analyse the current partnership between frontline police and youth workers, and identify challenges and opportunities which have emerged over the course of the past 12 months.

______

34 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS

TARGETING HIGH RISK OFFENDERS & PLACES

Exploring Police Demands for Violent Behaviour on State of Origin Game Nights

Ms Siobhan Allen1, Ms Claire Irvine1 EBP IN PRACTICE

1Queensland Police Service, Australia

Since its inception in 1980, the popularity and engagement with State of Origin has grown to | SESSION 6: 2019 1 NOV FRIDAY become one of the key events on the Australian sporting calendar. The heightened competitive environment associated with the State of Origin series is often accompanied with violent behaviour among fans, when compared to standard rugby league season games. In anticipation of an increase in alcohol consumption, crowd disturbances, reported assaults and emergency department presentations, which are commonly reported nationally and internationally following sporting games, Queensland emergency services typically deploy additional staff on State of Origin game nights. Little research, however has explored the relationship between State of Origin game nights and trends in violent behaviour (such as assaults and domestic violence) in Queensland. Using police calls for service data and police reported offence data, this presentation explores the effect of game nights on assaults and domestic violence in Queensland, and the influence of game outcomes on policing demands. The findings of which have informed strategic decision- making of police resources on State of Origin game nights.

Predicting high harm family violence offenders using the WA Crime Harm Index Mr Paul House1

1WA Police, Australia At every domestic violence scene, Police officers collect information that helps them to understand the nature of the crime and antecedents of a victim-offender relationship. Sometimes this information is used reactively to prioritise follow up actions by community services, or by Police to inform a court case. More often than not however, it is stored in a Police database waiting for a researcher to describe the bigger picture. Increasingly, these data are used to predict future offending by incorporating the demographic, modus operandi and offender specific attributes in a predictive analytical model. Predictive models can tell us how likely an offender is to reoffend or even how many times they will reoffend. But identifying their future impact on the community is more complex than simply counting up the number of prior offences. So how can we use data collected by Police to give us the best chance of targeting community harm? In this presentation you will see how a crime harm index can be used in a simple predictive model. Demographic and criminal history characteristics for a cohort of 14,277 family violence offenders were assessed, with reoffending analysed over a two year follow up period. A logistic regression model was employed to determine the common characteristics for those who committed subsequent high harm offences. The model was bolstered by data from the

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 35 ABSTRACTS

WA-specific Family Violence 1-9 risk identification tool and reoffending was assessed against a harm threshold, drawn from the recently developed WA Crime Harm Index.

Operationalising POI Management to reduce community harm: an evidence based approach to targeting high risk offenders though a predicted risk tool Mr Peter Branca1, Mr Craig Darragh1

1Victoria Police, Australia This presentation will outline how Victoria Police have modernised Persons of Interest (POI) Management practices in line with its organisational community safety priorities. The Victoria Police Offender Management Project was launched to enhance policing practices through the integrated management of POI’s causing the most harm. Based on world’s best practice and research, the project encourages a focus on ‘offenders’ rather than ‘offences’. Theoretical concepts, such as the ‘focussed-deterrence approach’, provide evidence on how reducing the opportunity and motivations to commit crime can be an effective crime reduction strategy. Through a consultative approach, this project has standardised a framework for the practice of POI Management across Victoria Police. These practices include an iterative process defined as ‘Scan’, ‘Prioritise’ and ‘Manage’. This process includes the identification and prioritisation of high risk POIs, as well as the development of management plans. These plans involve individually tailored approaches to offer support services as well as deterrence and disruption strategies. An important outcome of this project has been the development of a statistically valid and objective software tool for predicting POIs with the highest risk of reoffending. This presentation will outline how this tool is being developed with the aim to significantly improve the way police identify individuals with the highest risk of causing harm to the community.

Licensed premises lighting: creating ambience or violence Mr Christopher Gregory1, Mr David Bartlett, Ms Shannon Walding

1Queensland Police Service, Brisbane, Australia Numerous studies have highlighted the crime prevention opportunities afforded by increased lighting. In the context of licensed premises many scholars have associated improvements in lighting with decreases in problem behaviours such as intoxication and assaults. However, studies which seek to quantify lighting levels in licensed premises typically use subjective observational measures and tend to suggest that lighting levels are simply one of several environmental factors associated with violence. This two-year study reports the results of the Queensland Police Service licensed premises lighting project which objectively measured lighting lux levels in 150 late trading hotels and nightclubs across Queensland. Additionally, data was collected on patron demographics, venue design, noise types and levels to examine the effect that lighting levels, individually or in combination with other factors, have on violence within licensed premises. The results indicate that lighting levels predict violent

36 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS offences, and to a lesser extent drug offences on licensed premises, independent of factors such as general premises amenity, and noise. The results are discussed in the context of utilising improved lighting to reduce violence on licensed premises and accessing regulatory levers available to workplace health and safety regulators to assist in liquor regulation and crime reduction.

Optimising parameter selection for predicting volume crime using hotspot mapping Mr Timothy Mashford1, Mr Scott Davidson1

1Victoria Police, Melbourne, Australia Policing agencies across the world regularly utilise hotspot mapping processes to identify risk and predict future crime events. The most common hotspot technique, kernel density estimation (KDE), takes a number of parameters for which intelligence practitioners often accept the default values suggested by the software. This study examines two of these parameters - search radius and input data period - and tests their impact on KDE’s ability to predict future crime events. Using a volume crime category (theft from motor vehicle), a variety of parameter value combinations are tested, with the predictive accuracy measured on a weekly basis across a 12 month period. The results demonstrate that the choice of parameter values can have a significant impact on the predictive accuracy of hotspot maps, suggesting more effort is required to educate intelligence practitioners on how these parameter values should be considered.

______

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 37 Delegate List

State / First Name Last Name Organisation Country Tony Alderman Australian Federal Police ACT Geoff Barnes WA Police WA Sarah Bennett University of Queensland QLD Adrian Berardi Victoria Police VIC Hayley Boxall Australian Institute of Criminology ACT Stefanie Bradley Enterprise Transformation - KPMG VIC Peter Branca Victoria Police VIC John Brandolino UNODC UN José Miguel Bravo Directorate general of Police, Ministry of Justice and Netherlands Security Samantha Bricknell Australian Institute of Criminology ACT Rick Brown Australian Institute of Criminology ACT Ashley Byron AFP - ACT Policing ACT Amanda Canham AFP - ACT Policing ACT Katrina Carr Queensland Police Service QLD Adrian Cherney University of Queensland QLD Charles Chinnaiyah Sysware Group New Zealand Laura Chipp Victoria Police VIC Yi-ning Chiu Queensland Police Service QLD David Cowan Victoria Police VIC Robert Critchlow AIPM NSW Garry Cunningham WA Police WA Katherine Danylak Victoria Police VIC Craig Darragh Victoria Police VIC Shona Davis AFP - ACT Policing ACT Sheree de Malmanche New Zealand Police New Zealand Louise Denley AFP - ACT Policing ACT Paul Dickson South Australia Police SA Laura Doherty Australian Institute of Criminology ACT Chris Dowling Australian Institute of Criminology ACT Shane Doyle CQ University QLD Karen Du Department of Home Affairs ACT Julie Duncan AIPM NSW Douglas Duran ILANUD Costa Rica Robert Fauser AIPM NSW Sarah Fox Department of Home Affairs ACT Peter German ICCLR Canada Marco Ghedini Tasmania Police TAS Sam Gillespie Queensland Police Service QLD Liam Goldie Department of Home Affairs ACT Andrew Goldsmith Flinders University SA Catherine Gough AFP - ACT Policing ACT Christopher Gregory Queensland Police Service QLD Martin Guest Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission ACT Craig Gye Victoria Police VIC Hamish Hansford Department of Home Affairs ACT Paul Hart Queensland Police Service QLD

38 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE DELEGATE LIST

State / First Name Last Name Organisation Country Michael Harvey Victoria Police VIC Ting He CCLS China Adrian Healy Victoria Police VIC Jane Hemmings AFP - ACT Policing ACT Ross Hendy Monash Univeristy VIC Amelia Hickman Australian Institute of Criminology ACT James Hinchliffe Queensland Police Service QLD Kelly Hine Australian National University (ANU) ACT Peter Hosking Griffith Criminology Institute QLD Paul House WA Police WA Paula Hudson Australian Federal Police ACT Callum Hughes AFP - ACT Policing ACT Jea Hyen Soung KIC South Korea Claire Irvine Queensland Police Service QLD Bernard Jackson Victoria Police VIC Leisa James Australian Federal Police QLD Mikael Johansson RWI Sweden Russell Jones Queensland Police Service QLD Matti Jousten TIJ Thailand Kim Kellaway Queensland Police Service QLD David Kernot Defence Science and Technology SA Carrie Kilpin Department of Home Affairs ACT Kate Laidler Australian Federal Police ACT Mark Langhorn Victoria Police VIC Kylie Lawson AFP - ACT Policing ACT Gloria Laycock Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science, University College United London (UCL) Kingdom Xu Li CCLS China Tracy Linford Queensland Police Service QLD Hao Liu CCLS China Karla Lopez Victoria Police VIC Sarah Low Audit Office of NSW NSW Samantha Lyneham Australian Institute of Criminology ACT Ross Maltby Queensland Police Service QLD Karen Martyn New Zealand Police New Zealand Timothy Mashford Victoria Police VIC Lorraine Mazerolle School of Social Science, University of Queensland QLD Erena McAllum New Zealand Police New Zealand Kate McDonald Victoria Police VIC Mark Mewis Tasmania Police TAS Renée Mitchell Sacramento Police Department United States Lauren Monds University of Sydney NSW Linda Morella South Australia Police SA Anthony Morgan Australian Institute of Criminology ACT Takeshi Morikawa UNAFEI Japan David Mount University of Queensland QLD David Muhlhausen NIJ United States

31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 39 DELEGATE LIST

State / First Name Last Name Organisation Country Joo-Won Na KIC South Korea Sarah Napier Australian Institute of Criminology ACT Bookie- Neamhom TIJ Thailand Kittipoom Lachlan Neville Department of Home Affairs ACT Michael Newman Queensland Police Service QLD Sarah Newport KPMG ACT Andy Nicholls Northgate Public Services Pty Ltd NSW Takeshi Ninomiya Japan National Police Agency Japan Bruce O'Brien New Zealand Police New Zealand Peter O'Hare Victoria Police VIC Matt O'Reilly NSW Police Force NSW Milan Orgad ANZPAA VIC Anne Sophie Pichler Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne VIC University Debbie Platz Australian Federal Police ACT Justin Ready Griffith University QLD Gudiya Riddell Department of Home Affairs ACT Jane Russell AFP ACT Sally Ruth Victoria Police VIC Phiset Sa-ardyen TIJ Thailand Shane Scott AFP - ACT Policing ACT Monica Semrad Australian Federal Police NSW Takeshi Seto UNAFEI Japan Gillian Sharp Australian Federal Police ACT Ivica Sikorsky Queensland Police Service QLD Ciara Spencer Commonwealth Department of Home Affairs ACT Miranda Storey Australian Federal Police ACT Smith Sue AFP - ACT Policing ACT Lachlan Tuite Audit Office of NSW NSW Andisheh Vahedi Victoria Police VIC Celine Van Golde University of Sydney NSW Auret Van Zyl Cartrack QLD Alexandra Voce Australian Institute of Criminology ACT Isabella Voce Australian Institute of Criminology ACT Richard Watkins Victoria Police VIC David Watt Victoria Police VIC Julianne Webster Queensland Police Service QLD Simon Welsh New Zealand Police New Zealand Simon Williams New Zealand Police New Zealand Katie Willis Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission ACT Sarah Wynne Victoria Police VIC Phelan Wyrick NIJ United States Yongwei Xu CCLS China Kaylene Zakharoff Australian Border Force ACT Chunyang Zhao CCLS China Zhenjie Zhou CCLS China Alex Zotti Department of Home Affairs ACT

40 ANZSEBP CONFERENCE NOTES

______

______Google Maps 3/10/19, 9(17 am

5 4

2 3

1. MoAD (Museum of Australian Democracy) 4. Little National Hotel 2. Hotel Realm 5. Brassey Hotel 3. Burbury Hotel Canberra 6. Hotel Kurrajong Canberra 31 OCT – 1 NOV 2019 | CANBERRA 42

https://www.google.com/maps/@-35.3088065,149.1329314,16.57z Page 1 of 1