PoS(EGICF12-EMITC2)093 sa.it http://pos.sis [email protected] , ,Stephanie Parker 1 2 aniele.lezzi, rosa.m.badia}@bsc.es

n.ferguson, s.muscella, s.parker}@trust-itservices.com

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] {

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Spain Germany Speaker. Abstract editor, Corresponding author. Corresponding editor, Abstract 2 1 Copyright owned by the author(s) of the Licence. under owned the by terms Commons the Copyright Creative Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike

 Conecta, Italy E-mail: John Borras OASIS, UK E-mail: Carlo Daffara LMU, LMU, E-mail: Martin Walker Antony Independent France Consultant, E-mail: JamesAhtes ATOS, E-mail: Johannes Watzl Oxford e-Research UK Centre, E-mail: MircoMazzucato, Elisabetta Ronchieri INFN, Italy E-mail: E-mail: Rosa DanieleM. Badia, Lezzi BSC, Spain E-mail: DavidWallom beyond Silvana Muscella, Nick Ferguson OGF.eeig, Italy SIENA: andand e-Science for Grid Cloud Standards PoS(EGICF12-EMITC2)093

sa.it http://pos.sis , advancing the standards landscape, especially with regard to the OCCI, CDM and as such OVF. adoption of cloud standards identifies issues and makes recommendations on the adoption and evolution of grid and cloud standards for e-science and beyond. These betweenrecommendations publiclook sectorto officials,continue industrythe anddialogue based cloud public procurement. for services of and scientificdeployment the community Standard Development Organizations over the This paper presents the results of the SIENA roadmap together with its recommendations that are focused on the work of Europe’s Distributed Computing Infrastructure initiatives in The adoption of open standards-based interoperable grid and infrastructure is a way to support research in Europe that can be empowered through ubiquitous, trusted, and easy trans-national access to services for data, computation, communication and collaborative work. SIENA is the European Commission-funded project whose roadmap assesses the situation, Copyright owned by the author(s) of the Licence. under owned the by terms Commons the Copyright Creative Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike

 EGI 2012 / Community Forum EMI Second Conference Technical Munich, Germany 26-30 2012 March, PoS(EGICF12-EMITC2)093

. Nick Ferguson et al Ferguson et Nick 3

Finally, SIENA has been instrumental in supporting the drive for the adoption of open The self-sustaining Cloudscape [3] series of events has found its place as a key cloud SIENA has also created a critical mass of community engagement; a requirement to fulfill The main output of the project was the SIENA Roadmap on Distributed Computing The primary focus of the SIENA initiative was European electronic infrastructure for SIENA [1], Standards and Interoperability for eInfrastructure implemeNtation initiAtive, The project was the first initiative to bring to the same table standardization bodies to Introduction

and the recommendations serving as a key part of discussion anddiscussion partof debate. key serving anda as the recommendations standards by synergising with collaboration keyof major SDOs. SDOs SIENA has to also supported establish integralDCI initiatives Cloud and bridging has plugplayed rolean fest Virtualisation Force. Task between which EGI, sees the DCI projects and SDOs for the EGI Federated computing event in Europe, because of the direct participation of the verydetailed samein stakeholders this report, as well as SIENA’s leading connections in community.the standards development Cloudscape V [3], 27-28 Februarydiscussion on the 2013, SIENA Roadmap calls Brussels, to action willwith updates on seethe progress of aeach point continuance of cloud computing infrastructure to support research in Europe. Thereality.become toa this for Calls Action offor necessary clear set document also sets out a its wide roles as a facilitator of disseminationand communities. of outreach series through alandscape computing stakeholders collaboration and cooperation among Europe’s distributed infrastructures. Infrastructure for e-Science and Beyond in Europe [2]. With a foreword by Neelie Kroes, Vice President of the European Commission,challenges regarding the adoption and evolution of open standards-based theinteroperable grid and Roadmap assesses the current situation and infrastructure creation and operation, such as service and application developers, and the “end users”, for example, researchers in science, the arts and humanities. The focus on standards and interoperability and the offer of services through European grid and cloud infrastructures will benefit the education sector, and enterprises that can take will advantage of the substantial research background that underlies most e- also be relevant for e-government and commercial Information Standards (OASIS), International the Telecommunication Union Storage Telecommunication Standardization Networking Sector (WC3). ConsortiumWide andWeb World Industry(ITU-T) Association (SNIA), research which takes into consideration the points of view of both the people responsible for support the analysis infrastructures. The Standard Development Organizations (SDOs) that have contributed ofinclude: open standards-based the interoperable Open Grid Forum (OGF), grid the Institute for Electrical and and Electronics Engineers AssociationStandards cloud (IEEE computing SA), the European TelecommunicationsDistributed Management Task Force Standards(DMTF), the Organization for the Institute Adoption of Structured (ETSI), the 1. was funded by European Commission (EC) under the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) and ran – 2012.Junefrom 2010 June SIENA: Grid and Cloud Standards for e-Science and beyond e-Science Standards and SIENA: for Cloud Grid PoS(EGICF12-EMITC2)093

. Nick Ferguson et al Ferguson et Nick op cit. A vast array of projects and The identification and prioritization of . Considerations of the cost of powering and 3 4

to the adoption of cloud computing are shared by cloud- 5 s with hundreds of thousands of computational and storage units are not recently uncommon. A storageare of and units of with computational thousands hundreds s r . As suggested by analysts such as Gartner, cloud computing represents a service 4 that a customer be able to specify the geographical location of data would be fatal for an active on-going openly accessible “cloud watch” would be very helpful. would very“cloudwatch” be on-going openly accessible active an Conflicting and inappropriate requirements. cloud computing requirements is an essential part of establishing security, portability and interoperability in cloud computing through relevant standards. A danger in this process is that conflicting or inappropriate requirements be imposed. For example, a requirement Overall coordination of projects and programmes devoted programmes. to cloud computing exists, with new ones appearing almost[4]. The ECdaily has a large collection of white papers and communications relevant to cloud computing, some of which are currently open for public consultation [5, 6] and comment, and can therefore be expected to change in the near term. There is so much going on that Many of the general challenges Such a fundamental shift from asset ownership to service provisioning poses numerous These forces and their consequences both enable and drive the move towards a utility Powerful economic and environmental forces are driving a major evolution in the way International collaboration has also been forged through the lifetime of the project, in Chiemi Hayashi: presentation at the OASIS International Cloud Symposium,International the Cloud OASIS Hayashi:at Chiemi presentation Data cente Data computers. require high-performance continue dedicated importantto will Some applications

5 3 4 . . Challenges in the adoption computing the of cloud Challenges in

announced near Dallas, Texas will have 3,600 square meters of raised floor under one roof. under one floor of square 3,600raised meters Texashave Dallas, will near center announced data challenges to all players in the allthe transition. challengesto in players based e-infrastructures for research. programmes, These requirements include identification, overall coordinationlegalglobalization. security, and impediments,education, several of issues projects associated and with standardization, most other considerations on provisioning IT resources and providing communities services to many user provider-consumer model and is driving a fundamental shift in the consumption modelfunctionality. of IT drive the placing of such data centers in inexpensive. geographic locations where power is plentiful and computing model. The latest manifestation of this modelflexibility isand reducedcloud costcomputing. of Theaccessing dynamic resources in the cloud are beginning to overwhelm computing resources are provisioned for user communities in research, in government and the public sector, and in industry. Economies of scale are driving consolidation of such resources into a smaller number of ever larger data centers cooling huge concentrations of electronic equipment, together with environmental concerns, particular with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which leadmapping to the of NIST Roadmap. cited Computing SIENA Cloud developments.in the Standards NIST was Use Cases and Cloud Usage 2. Scenarios with European e-Science SIENA: Grid and Cloud Standards for e-Science and beyond e-Science Standards and SIENA: for Cloud Grid PoS(EGICF12-EMITC2)093

. 8 ), pointed out pointed ), . Nick Ferguson et al Ferguson et Nick Cloudscape IV, 23-24 IV, Cloudscape . The availability of ever . It has been argued that with 10 presentation on cloud computing computing standards cloud presentation on also the 5 . See .

. In most cases for both industry and government, 9 , especially slides 17-19. especially , . There are a number of significant data management . 6 . , although, and as the NIST document points out, standards As in the case of projects and programmes, the cloud 7 11 (March 2011) Industry and government see risk in completely different ways Education of decision takers at all levels of business and http://goo.gl/XhcxH of the SIENA SIENA of roadmap the cloud computing adoption, to overcome inertia, and to ensure that the standardization and metare appropriately. security challenges Challenges in understanding terminology and approaches more capable electronic components (e.g. for processing, memory, and networks) at ever addressed in the recent report from the High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data [11]. We support the recommendations of this report, and urge implementation. immediate attention to their Education challenge. government, including politicians, is needed to overcome social and cultural obstacles to computing improves securitycomputing improves Data Management challenges issues relating to the vast amount of data collected and used by research projects. These include ownership and governance of the data, creating trust in the data, sharing and re- use of the data and the long term preservation of the data. All of these issues are (accept and manage, balance costs, clear lines of responsibility vs. tolerance,eliminate ill-definedrisk, lines zero of responsibility). The vast majority of government data has nothing to do with national security geographical location of data should not appropriate bestandards relevant in place, moving from proprietary in-house computing to cloud standards relevant to cloud computing, and has identified a core suite of emerging high- level cloud-specific standards from other domains such as web services, the , and grid computing are available, cloudcomputing. of requirements support canthe functions and and Security challenges [10]. cost of reliable storage services storage reliable cost of Standardization challenges. computing standardization landscape is complicated and confusing with many different organizations and interests involved in cloud standardization efforts [7]. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [8] has compiled an inventory [9] of small- and medium-sized businesses proposing cloud services in Europe due to the high Marnix Dekker, OASIS International Cloud Symposium, cit. Cloud OASIS op Dekker,International Marnix Megan Richards, in response to a question at the OASIS International Cloud Symposium (op cit Symposium (op Cloud OASIS at a response International the question to in Richards, Megan

Ian McCormack, OASIS International Cloud Symposium, op Symposium, cit. Cloud McCormack, OASIS International Ian Reliable data access would require multiple storage facilities (for redundancy) in each country in which the in which in country (for each redundancy) multiple facilities require storageaccess would data Reliable cit. Cloud OASIS op Algeier,Symposium, International Scott

These three standards, OVF (DMTF), OCCI (OGF), and CDMI (SNIA), are described in the first iteration first in (SNIA),(OGF), OVF iteration standards,the described CDMI (DMTF), OCCI three are and These 11 9 10 6 8 . . . . .

that the oft-quoted US Patriot Act is very detailed and restricted in scope, and is “not a fishing license”. Tim license”. Cowen “not and fishing scope, is a and in restricted detailed is Patriot oft-quoted that very Act US the are agencies enforcementEuropean law impedimentscloud that on computing legal to presentation in pointed his out the as as US. in strict conditions necessarily and under not to data, to access also obtain able the It issue.the is larger eclipses Act US on the often Patriot the focus that February highlighted Brussels, 2012, aligned are with both and to compatible parts ensure addressing that USneeds data and between European divergence http://ur1.ca/9f2v0. market, the open for trade agreements service is offered, making the service prohibitively expensive. Such requirements have been voiced, e.g., been havevoiced, Such expensive. requirements prohibitively the service making serviceoffered, is http://ur1.ca/9f2sm. 7 http://goo.gl/ZcF8k at Annie NIST work Sokol by at SIENA: Grid and Cloud Standards for e-Science and beyond e-Science Standards and SIENA: for Cloud Grid PoS(EGICF12-EMITC2)093

. Nick Ferguson et al Ferguson et Nick . 12 story [12] in which a rapidly growing UK 6

mime cast Encouragement and support for the creation of new cloud- Several major governmental cloud computing programs are In cloud computing, the pace of change necessitates agility and The open source communities and their open innovation process The current fragmented and inconsistent legal and regulatory processes are processes significantly reused by industry and academic players. A significant support and legal framework needs to be provided for such initiatives to be sustainable and even more productive. Cloud computing is a very complex domain where isolated players will not be able to master the whole complexity. For these reasons, now is the time to take flexibility. Efforts have to acceleration be made of in Europe progressenvironment. to through support start-ups appropriate and facilitate legal,Collaboration efforts. procurement andare paving the financial way to effective construction of new assets. Today these models and through new start-ups. Creation of anactivity atmosphere is conducive stillto a such major entrepreneurial Eureka/EuroStars [16]. like product-oriented towardsresearch designed challenge for Europe, in spite of many Rapid Pace coordinated of Change. efforts Entrepreneurship challenge. based businesses could be a motor for wealth creation and employment for young people prepared to take risks and work hard.offered by Thethe DCIs canknowledge, be a technicalbasis for the expertisecreation of newand products and assets services, either directly through the sustainability efforts described in chapter 5 and Annex 3 [14] or Globalization challenges. underway [15]. These are being pursued in the absence of an adequate set of agreed and accepted open standards that could guarantee security, portability, and interoperability of cloud services, yet the globalization of business implies that inter-cloud portability, cloud global are issues cloud interoperability federation and assets. A dramatic example is the firm with a cloud-based email serviceAmerica was becauseobliged to of seek thefurther uncertaintiesgrowth impracticality in over of North cross-border providing data the movement.following their public service consultation on the subject Aalso highlights the many in issues. Annex recent Europe report due [13]adoption.computinglegalcloud in a on containsissues [14] brief 5 to from the EC providers. Legal impediments. environment in Europe is seen as a major inhibitor to the deployment of cloud services. This is a potential problem for sustainability of Europe’s DCIs through uptake of their computing” traditionally referred to use of systems in the Top 500 and related complex application enabling activitiesscalability, etc.). (e.g. In this parallel strict sense,(although a programming, neithersupercomputer can be a a node grid achievingin a nor grid, or a service– application inin cloudaprinciple cloud).– isNowadays,be oneoffered ahearsas abouta high supercomputer performance computing the(HPC) in cloud and HPC on the desktop, contributing to confusion for both consumers and lower prices leads to distortion of traditional terminology. The term “high performance See, e.g., the Cloudscape IV Executive Summary (Takeaways), highlighting the significant experience significant in highlighting the Summary IV Executive(Takeaways), Cloudscape the See, e.g.,

12 . . . . . NIST, the US National Science Foundation and around the (op and globecit.). around National Foundation the NIST,Science US federation gained by European e-infrastructure communities. This experience could be shared with colleagues from from with colleagues shared could experiencebe communities. European This e-infrastructure by federation gained SIENA: Grid and Cloud Standards for e-Science and beyond e-Science Standards and SIENA: for Cloud Grid PoS(EGICF12-EMITC2)093

. urope E lobus . G Nick Ferguson et al Ferguson et Nick nitiative for , I , nitiative (EMI) nitiative I iddleware 7 M rs in 57 countries, with four non-European operations four 57 rs non-European with countries, in e

uropean , is driving the transition through from a , E , 15 (Virtual Multidisiciplinary Environments Using Cloud Infrastructure) Using Cloud Environments (Virtual Multidisiciplinary nitiative (EDGI) I cloud strategist: “Doing business in Europe is frankly a is in nightmare.” frankly Europe strategist: business “Doing cloud rid . Europe. can also capitalize on the achievements DCIs that of have placed G 14 mimecast esktop esktop D and encourage a European cloud computing market for start-ups and small- and uropean 13 that can form foundations for new andservices. and innovative businesses form new for canfoundations that advantage of the valuable European open source communities to develop common value Justin Pirie, Justin cent 346 resource EGI contributing Thecomprises E The EGI-InSPIRE project [24], in collaboration with other EC-funded distributed OpenNebula [21] is an open source project developing solutions for building and CompatibleOne [23] is an open source collaborative project providing a model and Europe is well positioned to address many of the enumerated challenges, and indeed to

, StratusLab,and ,VENUS-C rs. The infrastructure supports 13,800 users in 219 virtual organizations, running 28 million computational million running jobs organizations,219 users computational 13,80028 virtual in The rs.supports infrastructure 13 14 15 e (IGE) cent Thestorage. tape petabytes and of of 113 disk petabytes by backed 107 up thousand on per processors, 338 month communities. its month computation hours user to per of wall-clock million processor 75 infrastructure delivers Area by building on currentinfrastructure work. stakeholders (resource This centers task offering forcetendering solutions, cloudand has user communities services, identifiedconsuming cloud technology services) requirements for providers eight key from cloudfederated capabilities. An e- ambitious standards and profile development process for these capabilitiessix key within the OGF [26] is planned, which will deliver recommendations for open platform for the description and federation of heterogeneous cloud services. description federation heterogeneous platform of and for the computing initiatives and stakeholders grid-based to a cloud-based e-infrastructure. In particular, the Federated Clouds Task Force [25] is working on the required standards and methodologies to implement a transition from grid- to cloud- based services for e-infrastructure provision to researchers in the European Research interactions between IaaS and PaaS cloud infrastructures and relevant standards [20]. relevantstandards PaaS and andcloud infrastructures IaaSinteractionsbetween managing virtualized data centers and [22]. StratusLab, VENUS-CEDGI, and OpenNebula EGI, include cloud infrastructures. The e-infrastructure users of OGF, following closely the work on OCCIAlthough as notwell as strictly on a network standards-relatedmanagementcommunity tostandards. group,define an StratusLabAppliance Marketplace hasmetadata format workedandservice. Further,develop StratusLab with andthe VENUS-C haverespective sought the to ensure productive HEPiX collaboration by sharing experiences on implementations and use of OpenNebula, as well as clarifying centric approaches to the cloud, demonstrating its feasibility for the ‘long tail of science’supporting and a number of small businesses. Two of its pilots are closely associated withhelping EDGI, to bring its desktop grid infrastructure into the cloud and thus extend and integrate the e-infrastructure. As the work of the StratusLab project focuses on the IaaS layer, there has been strong support of standards development in this StratusLabarea. hasinteraction established with infrastructures [18] plays to key European competencies in research. The EGI [19] is the largest, isthe[19] The EGI competencies Europeanin research. plays key [18]to infrastructures most powerful, and most comprehensive research thein world distributed computing e-infrastructure supporting special emphasis on cloud computing and made concerted efforts to share implementationexperiences of standards.in VENUS-C isthe among the European DCIs leading the way in user- take a world leading position in cloud computing, provided key challenges are met, notably to unlock medium-sized enterprises. The EC Framework Programme on e-infrastructure [17] and research SIENA: Grid and Cloud Standards for e-Science and beyond e-Science Standards and SIENA: for Cloud Grid PoS(EGICF12-EMITC2)093

. will 16

Nick Ferguson et al Ferguson et Nick 8

See, e.g. Maryline Lengert, Helix Nebula – The Science Cloud, Position Paper, Cloudscape IV (op cit.) and IV Position Cloud, Cloudscape Paper, – Science Helix Lengert,The Nebula Maryline See, e.g. An urgent initiative is required to review current deployments of cloud computing for e- This will require the collection of case studies and careful requirements analysis, and We offer a list of actions, building on of research computing deployments cloud for Determine optimum work already begun across Europe and Within this overall plan there is a role for governments where the trend towards The following recommendations constitute a “Call for Action” on all stakeholders Imminent future efforts such as the EC-funded two-year pilot project Helix Nebula

16 Immediate priority actions Immediatepriority

Call for Actions Call for

Infrastructure, Cloudscape IV (op cit.). IV (op Cloudscape Infrastructure, interaction with infrastructure, standards, would and help applicationto understand stakeholders. where emphasis The should be latter placed, such as at which cloud service Cloud Computing Scientific a A Plan Cloud.European Strategicfor – Science TheNebula presentation Helix research and the broader scientific user and infrastructure communities at various service levels, (infrastructure- , platform- , software- , science- as-a-service) using a representativeuse. andapplications future theoptimum for determinedeployment(s) range of 3.1 months: complementing within efforts globally, merit attentionthe which next twelve procurement of commercial cloud servicesgenerate byinterest the in standards. public There sector isinternational (includingalso research) standardsan will important dialog, role implementationfor continued atboosting investments aimedinnovation. European industry and to certificationplay in processes, the as well as in term we mean a maximum of three years. These timeframes are the maximum amount of time that we feel it should take to complete each call for could beaction, completed wellalthough within that wetimeframe. They takeanticipate into account thatthe life expectancieseach of the current DCI projects, and the probability of new callsCommission. for new projects by the European involved in the development of European e-infrastructure. These recommendations have been formulated and divided into immediate short term priority actions, and actions with a medium- term timeframe. By short-term we mean within a maximum of twelve months, and by medium- map demand from the European Space Agency (ESA) and CERN and other large capacity use cases with IT integrators and telecom companies on the supply side. A pilot testing phase will precede a 2014 rollout. Partners in the Helix Nebula project include OpenNebula and EGI.eu in partners. thirteenindustrialadditiontoEuropean 3. Interaction with other SDOs development with of projectsappropriate standards inleading to this interoperability infrastructures. of domain future [28]cloud computing will benefit the further explore a European Cloud infrastructure for science with a commercial basis. The project will SIENA: Grid and Cloud Standards for e-Science and beyond e-Science Standards and SIENA: for Cloud Grid standards by the end of 2012 through the DCI Federation Working Group (DCIFed-WG) [27]. PoS(EGICF12-EMITC2)093

. in plans Nick Ferguson et al Ferguson et Nick wherever possible n the international he EC putting in place existing DCI projects. A condition 9

provide mechanisms to federate across multiple

DCI projects should be the creation of reusable assets a particular application is focused. Taking into account the impact of ICT on the Infrastructure, platform, or software. platform, Infrastructure, A major near-term initiative, supported by the EC, is required to enable federation across Expand support for DCI efforts to Strive for a common approach for contributing to the European Digital the Market to approach European commoncontributingDigital for Strive a for A common approach for European Member States public administrations is necessary to Strengthen, collaborative international dialogue for achieving interoperability and It is imperative that the current standardization dialog be strengthened and widened to

17 17 such participation during 2012 since there is a (platforms) needto forbe availablea forcompendium user ofcommunities tovirtual deploy machines and linkinfrastructures. together on European e- multiple globally located cloud providers, including Europeanthose participationin inthe globalSME researchbracket, enterprises.to participation Thissupport of federationEuropean communities must to buildbuild uponthe necessary the software profiles standards,and a andcommon administrative framework.implement The EGIthe project will be exploring to avoiding multiple parallel independent developments offering almost identical functionalities, and to recognize that these developments can also span diverse areas such as transport, energy health.or cloud suppliers research communities’ contribution to this goal should be through t for the long-term sustainability and reuse of the assets from of approval for future for potential uptake by Europeanwherever feasible. As part of plans for government, sustainability and asset reuse, attention needs to industrybe paid and e-research and more widely international collaborations. help citizens and profitbusinesses fully thefrom Union’sEuropean digital single market. The e- foundation upon which to strengthen respective use cases, interoperabilitybest and practicesportability. Toand this end,achieving the true EC and European member state governments should include direct support foractivities. Furthermore, common ‘synchronized’ calls fundedfor proposals between the EC and the US activities to participate National in Science Foundation (NSF) and relevantother national funding organizations, could international strengthen involve all stakeholders, including SDOs, cloud collaborative working groups, open source and commercial infrastructure providers, and other global and regional public sector institutions, order to guarantee adequate all representation of the and needs to theleverage strengthsinherent of each group to the benefit of the cloud computing environment as a whole i arena. Continuous dialog with all key stakeholders internationally, on priority action plans is a environment and the use of efficiency overall well. performance as on but green technology, the criteria must not only be about pure portability SIENA: Grid and Cloud Standards for e-Science and beyond e-Science Standards and SIENA: for Cloud Grid level PoS(EGICF12-EMITC2)093

. - Nick Ferguson et al Ferguson et Nick by by research

10

Re-use tangible and intangible assets produced by DCIs by DCIs assets Re-use and produced intangible tangible The DCIs should produce tangible and intangible assets together with associated It is very important to allow the DCIs to liaise with governments to support large research- Review public sector procurement procurement regulations Review public sector Introduce business models for use of clouds of businessmodels use Introducefor A set of common business models for the use of cloud computing by research One way of achieving this action would be to build on the current plans of the EC’s The SDOs that can be regarded as producing open standards should be actively Introduce measures to provide open access to all relevant SDO standard documenta packages should be supported not only by DCI projects themselves, but also by the respective other projectsofunits inresults of re-use who should promote units funding the organizations of where such results may be needed. As part of such packages, the DCIs should evaluate using a transparent procedure, explain the maturity of their offerings and planinclude for theireach sustainability asset. This will assist potential customers in making possible procurement and information packages that can be made available to other parts of the public sector, SMEs and industry. The urgency of this action is necessary to protect the assets of those DCI projects that are scheduled to terminate in the short- to medium-term. The awareness of such information there be an open tender process to purchase any of the assets; could an overarching framework contract be put in place to handle the disposal of assets; does the OJEU [30] changed; limitwill theneed increasing totrend forbe public sector procurements demanding solutions that use open standards be an obstacle for those DCI projects that have used proprietary or non- standard approaches. optimized “private” clouds. To this end anational public sector procurementclose regulations is necessary to examinationidentify and remove any ofbarriers the existing Europeanto and the procurement and organizations re-usebefore these projects of close. Aspects DCIthat need assetsto be addressed by include: should governments and other public sector government or business applications. In some cases no good long-term solutiondata curation. Theremay is general agreementbe that much available,research data must e.g. reside in the cloud, but there is currentlybeto funding sufficient. governmentalone is expected not no business model to support long-term sustainability, and communities is required. In order for cloud certaincomputing specialto cloudbe used services effectively and for propertiesresearch, will be required which are not driven by e- are necessary to support the procurement process by reducing the risk of becoming dependent on a single vendor. sector by customers. public specifications tender for in calls Vendors will implement standards if they need. relevant to thisrepositoryare very metadata on projectwhich sharing ADMS are[29] listed as technical tion encouraged by the EC to share information and documentation about their standardsavoid workduplication ofto effort and provide better understanding to the many communities seeking to use their standards. Open standards that are readily available to whoever wishes to use them SIENA: Grid and Cloud Standards for e-Science and beyond e-Science Standards and SIENA: for Cloud Grid PoS(EGICF12-EMITC2)093

. . NIST Cloud Nick Ferguson et al Ferguson et Nick EC-commissioned independent review 11

and the outputs of other relevant grid and other cloud collaboration groups and ofrelevant grid the outputs 18 See NIST Inventory, op cit. NIST op Inventory, See The definition of a perhaps roughly defined but guiding reference model and associated Create an inventory of grid and cloud standards for research for and standards grid ancloudinventory of Create A shared inventory of grid and cloud standards should be developed and maintained for Withina medium timeframeterm merit actionsattention: the following data transnationalflows for global Co-ordinateregulations An action that allows Europe to take the lead in coordinating the harmonization of EC-funded projects should be required to take recommendations of the Group into account This action should include necessary publically published reviews of the deliverables from Group Advisory Establish Implementation an e-infrastructure An e-infrastructure Implementation Advisory Group (eIIAG) should be established under

18 Medium term actions priority

and validation of current and proposed open standards and beStandards Inventory aligned with the standard-based reference architecture(s) should be explored as part of creating the inventory, in the e-research stakeholder community coveringcapabilities, with pointers to both proven interoperable implementations and domainwarnings of defunct or specific and unused standards. e-infrastructure This inventory should result from an regulations on the flows of data across borders is required. Many governments place restrictions on allowing data to be held outside their jurisdictions, primarily because of concerns about the adequacy of data protection legislation in other countries. The longer this situation persists, the slower the take up of cloud computing by the public beto needsrectified. sector will be. Therefore, this problem 3.2 Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PRACE) [32] in order to provide a point order singleinto provide [32] a Computing (PRACE) in Europe Advanced Partnership for of contact for e-infrastructure across Europe. To ensure that research communities have faith in its continued sustainability the Group must also have longer term funding (more than five years ten). and more than possibly advice; develop standards’ profiles; promote interoperability testing and plugestablish afests/tests; compliance and testing regime, all of which are essential components to achieving true interoperability. Finally, the Group should maintain eIRG Reflection[31]. Group, close liaison with the e-Infrastructure in their work. The Group must have representation from major e-infrastructures like EGI and the auspices of the EC to provide communication across all relevantinfrastructure community, stakeholders,the SDOs i.e.producing relevant standards,the and thosee- organizations and projects consuming their standards. The main roleswatch” ofon cloud thiscomputing projects,group programs andare service toofferings; agree maintainrequirements and thea standardization “cloud route for those requirements; share policy, regulatory and implementation projects approved and funded by by fundedthe EC. and projectsapproved generated. that been have products the inthatis raised DCIs such confidence thecurrent SIENA: Grid and Cloud Standards for e-Science and beyond e-Science Standards and SIENA: for Cloud Grid reuse/participation decisions. The production of this material should be a pre-requisite of future PoS(EGICF12-EMITC2)093

. Nick Ferguson et al Ferguson et Nick http://ur1.ca/4dcxw http://ur1.ca/9f2t4

, http://ur1.ca/9f2jf , , http://goo.gl/uBxFg http://ur1.ca/9f2ki

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, , Final ,Report http://events.oasis-open.org/home/cloud/2011/proceedings 2011 ” Mario Campolargo, Director DG INFSO Emerging Technologies http://www.cloudscapeseries.eu/ http://www.sienainitiative.eu/ Inventory of Standards Relevant Computing to Cloud Inventory Standards of http://www.sienainitiative.eu/Pages/SelectedDocument.aspx?id_documento=f63de70f- , , The release of the second iteration of the SIENA Roadmap was timed to coincide with This paper has offered an overview of the SIENA roadmap and has paid particular “The SIENA Roadmap demonstrates that Europe has a huge potential for innovation. I NIST US Government Cloud Computing Technology Roadmap, Release 1.0 (Draft) Volume Release 2: Government Computing (Draft) 1.0 USCloudRoadmap, Technology SIENA Roadmap on Distributed Computing Infrastructure for e-Science and Beyond in and Infrastructure for e-Science Distributed SIENA Computing on Roadmap Conclusion

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[32] PRACE Research Infrastructure – The top level of the European HPC of ecosystem, leveltop HPC – the European The PRACE [32]Research Infrastructure http://www.prace-ri.eu http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/2301/ http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/2301/ and Joinup, Description Metadata AssetSchema [29] (ADMS)| https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/asset/adms/description [30] http://www.ojec.com/ Group, Reflection the thewebsite Welcometoe-Infrastructure [31]of [25] Munich, Germany, [26] Groups, and Forum AreasOpen [27]Grid group=dcifed-wg [28] [21] OpenNebula – The Open Source Solution for Data Center Virtualization,Solution Source Center The for Data OpenNebula [21]Open – http://opennebula.org/ Virtualization,Solution Users Source Center Featured The for Data OpenNebula [22]Open – http://opennebula.org/users:users Capitalizingon [23]investments in Europe, e-infrastructure Section5, EGI-InSPIRE,[24] [18] Research Infrastructures – Research – European Commission, – Research Commission, European – Research [18]Infrastructures http://ec.europa.eu/research/infrastructures/index_en.cfm [19] – cloudcomputing Parker,strengthen cooperation on initiativesStephanieEuropean [20] technology, communities andclouduser togetherEDGI VENUS-C, and StratusLabbring http://ur1.ca/9f91v [13] Roadmap SIENA [14]Annexes, thePublic to CloudConsultation contribution The [15]on Computing, http://ur1.ca/9f324 Eurostars: [16]Aim higher, [17] http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/e-infrastructure/ SIENA: Grid and Cloud Standards for e-Science and beyond e-Science Standards and SIENA: for Cloud Grid point missingthecloud strategy debate, inofdanger in Pirie, EU Justin [12]