Belia 7 (2) (2018) Early Childhood Education Papers (Belia)

http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/belia

The Study of Sasak Baby Care in Sade Village Cental

Lale Lorajita Resma Febriana , Yuli Kurniawati Sugiyo Pranoto

Department of Early Childhood Teacher Education, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Se- marang,

Article Info Abstract Received September 2018 Baby care which is done from the birth age is very influential on its development Accepted October 2018 and growth. Baby care in each region certainly has its own uniqueness based on Published November 2018 with the beliefs and culture of the local community. Based on this, this research is Keywords: carried out to describe how baby care by the Sasak tribe community in Sade Vil- Study of Baby Care; Sasak lage, Central Lombok as one of the Tribes in Indonesia. Culture and trust in baby Tribe care is one of the things that influence children's development and growth. This study uses qualitative research method with the type of ethnographic research on the Sasak tribe in the Sade Village, Central Lombok. Data collection in this study includes interviews, observation, and documentation. Interview respondents in this study were 7 people, including village chief, village midwife, belian (shaman), and 4 people of the Sasak tribe community in Sade Village. The baby care which is carried out by the Sasak people in Sade Village is still done traditionally (merereng) yet still receives modern baby care techniques. Baby care is carried out from generation to generation based on the culture of the local community. The Sasak tribe in the Sade village of still believes in the role of belian (shaman) in the care of babies. There are restrictions and recommendations that are trusted by the Sasak tribe in the Sade village, in the form of restrictions for mothers and babies.

© 2018 Semarang State University

Corresponding author: ISSN 2252-6382 Gedung A3 Lantai 1 FIP Unnes Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229 E-mail: [email protected] Lale Lorajita R F & Yuli Kurniawati Sugiyo P / BELIA: Early Childhood Education Papers 7 (2) (2018) introduction tant to give to children. In addition to education, care and nursing also need to be considered and According to Basic Health Research given to children from the age of zero to sup- (2010), efforts to improve the quality and quali- port their development and growth. In an effort ty of healthy life at this time have increased both to improve the quality of child development, of young and old people. In an effort to improve the course it must be supported by good care starting quality and value of healthy life, obviously, it must from the new baby born by the mother or parents, be started early, especially health for children. It like the baby immediately placed on the mother’s must begin since the child newborn even since the abdomen immediately after birth which will be mother’s womb. Mother is one of the main actors very beneficial for both mother and baby as the in handling her child’s health problems. Since main care, because of the skin keeps the baby the age of the baby, the mother must understand warm. In addition, the baby can feel a mother’s how to care for her baby because it will affect the affection through the arms she receives. health and development of the child later. To maximize the child’s growth and deve- According to Astuti (2017), since the age lopment, a care since the baby even in the womb of the baby, custody and care are needed in order needs to be done. Parents, especially mothers, are to optimize their growth and development. Care the main characters in caring for babies. The tre- in the field of health and nutrition is important to atment can be in the form of physical and psycho- support growth and development from an early logical care. Mother should understand what tre- age even since the age of a new baby is zero. Sin- atments are needed by the baby and surely given ce birth, babies are given treatments according to according to the age of the baby (Handayani & their needs and age so that their growth and de- Munawar, 2015). velopment go well. This is certainly done by the According to Hasanah (2015), parents are nearest environment, which is the family, especi- central to everything that children need. Thus, it ally the parent. can be said that parental participation is indeed Children of 0-6 years are the age of early very important in caring for and educating their childhood that is very important to pay attention children. Care is the same as the treatment that to health, growth, development, and intakes that must be done since the newborn child. When can support these things that can be done through newborns, parents who will be the first to wel- care carried out since the baby age by the family, come the baby’s arrival by holding a baby, this is especially parents. For children, when they are the first treatment or care that is received by the new born, parents are the first environment that baby. children encounter (Rahmawati & Diana, 2016) According to Latiana, L. (2010) in Prase- According to Putri (2014), early age in- tiyati (2015), parenting is an experience, quality, cluding infant age is an age where parents need expertise, along with a sense of responsibility car- to provide good care and provision so that the ried out by parents in educating and caring for child’s growth and development can take place children so that it can grow as expected by the optimally. The parents must provide everything family or community where it to be. Parenting or according to the needs of children from the age care for children by parents will greatly affect the of the baby. Providing good care from the age of growth and development of children. According the baby can improve intensive relationships for to Wahyuningtyas & Adiarti (2016), parents play parents and babies. an important role in the growth and development According to Siswanto (2009), efforts to of all aspects of the child’s potential. In general, improve health in the community can be done care or care for children is carried out by parents from an early age. Early childhood health is a (mother and father), but it can be replaced by the public health target specifically for early child- closest relatives or caregivers if parents are unable hood groups. Responsibilities and efforts which to do. are made are the parents’ responsibility, commu- According to Musi & Syamsuardi (2017), nities, and all sectors related to early childhood. the concept of care or nursing itself is how fami- Early childhood is part of a family member who lies provide physical, mental and social needs for is very vulnerable is a strategic target of public children. The physical need itself is derived from health efforts. The family is the most important the care given by the family, especially parents to part in the efforts of early childhood health, es- children when they were babies. A care which pecially parents. is done well by parents, especially mothers, can According to Vinayastri & Handayani help maximize the growth and development of (2017), early childhood education is very impor- the baby.

77 Lale Lorajita R F & Yuli Kurniawati Sugiyo P / BELIA: Early Childhood Education Papers 7 (2) (2018)

According to Putri (2012) in Faqumala and tinctive features that make it different from other Mukminin (2016), asah (teach), welas (lmercy), tribes, both in terms of culture, social life, or di- asih (love), and asuh/care for (education, health, versity. It is not only the majority tribe, but also and compassion) are basic needs that must be ethnic minorities such as a tribe in the West Sout- owned by a child. The children’s growth and de- heast Nusat Province, the Sasak tribe, also has the velopment can run optimally if they get enough trust and diversity of how to care for their baby. nutrients for their physical and brain. Nutrition Local tribes on the island of Lombok also have for the development and growth of children can certain characteristics that distinguish them from be obtained from the food provided by their pa- other tribes in parts of Indonesia (Athhar, 2005). rents. The uniqueness and cultural diversity of the Sa- According to Wijayanti (2017), every child sak tribe that is still thick up to now makes its is born differently with the uniqueness of each own appeal compared to other minority tribes in and with different needs. Equally with the care Indonesia. It covers from the culture of marriage, or care provided. Every child needs different care art culture, how to dress, traditional homes, com- according to the child’s needs. As well as the tre- munity habits, to the culture of giving birth and atment done, each region has a way of care and caring for babies that are quite unique. trust based on the cultural traditions of the region According to Rijal (2017), seeing the cultu- itself. This diversity is what makes baby care very ral life of the Sasak people on the island of Lom- diverse based on the hereditary beliefs of an area. bok, there is one village called Sade village, which This is a commitment of each region in since 1975 this traditional village was visited by Indonesia, including in Central Lombok, to tourists, both local and foreign tourists. The West improve the health status of the community, the Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government has de- Central Lombok health service has a vision of signated Sade Village as a Tourism Village in “United to Realize the Healthy Central Lombok 1989, a small village in the southern part of Cent- Community 2015”, which based on the objective ral Lombok district is used as a tourist destination conditions and desires of the people of Central because its inhabitants still maintain the cultural Lombok to can be aligned with other regions in integrity and lifestyle that their ancestors have terms of the Human Development Index. Reali- inherited 600 years ago such as building forms, zing the Vision, various efforts were pursued so customs, dance and music games, dress styles and as to formulate the Mission of the Health Service, the use of equipment for their daily lives are still namely “Improve the health status of mothers, in the traditional category. infants and toddlers, increase the independen- Looking at this background, a research is ce of the community for healthy living through needed to find out how to care for babies and to partnerships and empowerment, improve access clearly know how to traditionally care for babies and quality of health services” (Central Lombok in the Sasak tribe in Sade village of Rembitan Vil- District Health Office, 2016) lage, Pujut District, , in Whether it is realized or not, factors of order to increase knowledge of traditional baby trust and cultural knowledge such as concep- care will affect the growth and development of tions of various abstinence, causal relationships children in a tribe in Indonesia to the communi- between food and healthy-sick conditions, habits ty, especially the students of the Department of and ignorance, often bring positive and negati- PAUD Teacher Education Semarang State Uni- ve impacts on maternal and child health. These versity. impacts are derived from how people respond to culture in their environment (T. Mass, 2004). RESEARCH METHOD As a nation that has a long history, it is unavoidable that the Indonesian nation is in The research is used ethnographic qualita- life with various cultures in it, such as Javanese, tive method. Ethnographic research aims to find Sundanese, Madurese, Minang, , Makasar, out the essence of a culture and its uniqueness as Bugis, Toraja, Manggarai, Sikka, Sumba, , an illustration of a group, its interactions and set- Sasak cultures and others who live side by side tings. Besides that, it is also to find out the essence and complement each other (Barata, 2016). The of a culture that is useful for knowing something culture of each region is different and diverse, hidden in a culture or community (Emzir, 2014). making each region have its own views and te- The subjects are selected based on certain achings on how to care for babies, both since the criteria in accordance with the research objecti- mother and after giving birth. ves. There are 7 subjects in the study, i.e. 4 mot- Believed or not, each tribe has its own dis- hers who had babies, village chief, midwives, and

78 Lale Lorajita R F & Yuli Kurniawati Sugiyo P / BELIA: Early Childhood Education Papers 7 (2) (2018) belians (shamans) in the Sasak tribe in Sade Cent- generation obtained from previous parents. Baby ral Lombok. care is a combination of traditional and modern In research on the care of the Sasak tribe treatments. Sasak people in Sade village are dy- babies, researcher took the location of research in namic people who will not reject the existence of the Central Lombok area, precisely in the Sasak new things such as modern baby care as long as tribe in the Sade village, part of Rembitan Villa- it does not damage the living order of its people ge. Sade village is a sub-village in the village of and still preserve culture in baby care that is still Rembitan which is used as a tourism destinati- good to do in the context of medical or modern on in Central Lombok Regency because of local care. In addition, there is baby nursing that is still wisdom and culture that are still maintained. done and no longer done for the Sasak people. Everything is done based on restrictions and re- The traditional baby care that is done is: commendations from the trust of the local com- 1. Keep the pieces of umbilical cord, with munity, including in caring for the baby. This is the belief that later can be useful for children’s what underlies the researchers taking the location luck when they are adults. of research in Sade Village. 2. Giving Nasi pak-pak (rice chewed first The data collection technique is using in- by the mother) as one of ASI’s complementary terviews, observation, and documentation. Miles foods. and Huberman data analysis technique is an acti- 3. Remove baby bath water (water in a vity in qualitative data analysis carried out inter- tub) slowly so that the child does not stutter and actively and lasts continuously to completion, so shocked. that the data is saturated through data reduction, 4. Peraq Api Tradition which is carried out data display, and conclusion drawing/verificati- on the 7th or 9th day after the birth of the baby. on. 3. Development and Growth of Babies in Sade RESULTs AND DISCUSSION Village toward Care Performed One of the efforts in assisting the develop- 1. Perception of Sasak Tribe Society in Sade ment of children in walking, the community uses Village about Baby Care Which Has Been Done traditional aids called pendurus (tutor), made of Through Belief and Traditional Culture wood or bamboo which is then arranged in such a According to the perception of the Sasak way as to be used as a tool for children to be able people in the Sade village, some baby care that is to walk quickly. still done traditionally is a way to preserve local Baby care that is carried out by the Sasak culture and customs. In addition, treatments car- tribe in the Sade village still uses some traditio- ried out traditionally are a form of respect for the nal treatment procedures that are still carried out legacy of the previous community. According to based on the trust of the local community does Sasak tribes in the Sade village, they believe that not interfere with the development and growth what was taught by the ancestors or the previous of children. It is coupled with combining mo- community is a good thing to continue. dern treatments which are the efforts of the local health authorities to keep the community healthy, 2. Study of Baby Care of the Sasak tribe in the especially for maternal and child health. This is in Sade village, Central Lombok accordance with the vision of the Central Lom- The belief of the Sasak tribe in the Sade vil- bok Health Office, namely “United to Realize lage is included in baby care which is carried out 2015 Healthy Central Lombok Community” and based on the prevailing culture and heredity from the Mission is “Increasing the Degrees of Ma- the previous community. Prohibition for babies to ternal, Infant and Toddler Child Health, Increa- be taken out of the house before the age of nine sing community independence for healthy living days after birth aims to protect the baby to avoid through partnerships and empowerment, impro- unwanted things. The prohibitions are more app- ving access and quality of service health” (Health licable in the life of the Sasak tribe in the Sade Office of Central Lombok Regency, 2016). village. When the Sasak people in Sade village One example is to improve the quality of believed and implemented the rules and restric- maternal and child health through a training and tions that have been applied, then this is already socialization program for belian (shaman), which a recommendation that had to be implemented, in the Sasak tribe in the village of Sade still highly which is to believe the existing restrictions. prioritizes the role of belian in daily life, especi- Baby care on the Sasak people beliefs in ally when women pregnant until caring for their Sade village is still carried out from generation to babies. Besides belian, midwives in Sade village

79 Lale Lorajita R F & Yuli Kurniawati Sugiyo P / BELIA: Early Childhood Education Papers 7 (2) (2018) also always pay attention to maternal and child 70–89. health. Barata, I. B. (2016). Kearifan Budaya Lokal Perekat After the mother gave birth, the midwife Identitas Bangsa. Jurnal Bakti Saraswati, 5(1). always gave a little debriefing to the new-born Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. 2016. mother about how good baby care is. The role of Visi dan Misi Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. midwives is not only during childbirth, but since Emzir.2014. Metodelogi Penelitian Kualitatif Analisis ages 0-28 days midwives routinely make home Data. Hal 18. Rajawali Pers. Jakarta visits to check the development of maternal and Faqumala, A. D., & Mukminin, A. (2016). parents’ infant health 3 times. The first check is that whi- Understanding About First Aid in Early Child- le still in Puskesmas (Health Centre), the second hood in Terms of The Level of Parents’ Edu- check is the home visit that is done 4 days to 15 cation in Kelurahan Piyanggang, Kecamatan days after birth, and then the third visit is carried Sumowono, Kabupaten Semarang. Early Child- out during Posyandu (health service) activities. hood Education Papers (Belia), 5(2). Handayani, A., & Munawar, M. (2015). Work-Family During Posyandu activities, routine recording of Balance and Quality of Parenting in Optimiz- infant and child growth and immunization is car- ing Children Development. Indonesian Journal ried out. of Early Childhood Education Studies (IJECES), 4(1), 11–18. CONCLUSION Hasanah, N. (2015). Perbedaan Kemandirian Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Ditinjau Dari Jenis Pekerjaan Based on the results of the research and a Ayah (Petani dan Karyawan Pabrik) di Desa number of studies that have been carried out on Bener, Kecamatan Kepil, Kabupaten Wono- the study of Sasak tribe baby care in Sade Village sobo. Early Childhood Education Paper (BELIA), (2), 1–7. Central Lombok, the researcher assumes that: 4 Missal, B. (2013). Gulf Arab Women’s Transition To 1. According to the Sasak tribe community Motherhood. in Sade Village, they still use several traditional Musi, M. A., & Syamsuardi. (2017). Socio-Cultural treatments, but do not refuse treatment with mo- Values of Early Childhood Parenting (Ethno- dern treatment methods. The Sasak tribe in the graphic Research on Bugis Makassar South Sade Village is a dynamic society that will not ). Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood reject new things as long as it does not damage Education Studies (IJECES), 6(1), 26–32. their order of life. Putri, V. D. (2014). Praktik Pengasuhan Anak Pada 2. Baby care that is done still believes in Keluarga Petani Peserta Bina Keluarga Balita (BKB) Melati 3 Di Desa Nguken Kecamatan the customs of the local community and is car- Padangan Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Indonesian ried out for generations. In terms of baby care, Journal of Early Childhood Education (IJECES), belian (shaman) is the first chosen by the Sasak 3(2), 1-8. tribe community in the Sade village and then the Rahmawati, E., & Diana. (2016). Difference of Chil- midwife helps from the moment the mother gives dren Ages 5-6 Years of Independence Viewed birth until after giving birth. Parents/in-laws is from The Caregiver (Parents and Grandpar- also involved in daily baby care. The Sasak tri- ents) in Kindergarten Kartini 1 and Kartini 2. be in the Sade village still believes that there are Early Childhood Education Papers (Belia), 5(1). restrictions and suggestions for both mothers and Rijal. 2017. 7 Hal Kuno Di Desa Sade Yang Masih Kental Dengan Budaya Sasak. https://www. babies. dilombok.com/desa-sade/169/. 3. The growth and development of children Riset Kesehatan Dasar. (2010). Riset Kesehatan Dasar. in Sade village is quite good with baby care car- Riset Kesehatan Dasar, Badan Penelitian Dan ried out in a traditional and modern way. Pengembangan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 78. https://doi.org/1 Desember 2013 references Siswanto, Hadi. 2009. Pendidikan Kesehatan Anak Usia Dini. Pustaka Rihama. Sewon, Bantul, Yogya- Anggorodi, R. (2009). Dukun Bayi Dalam Persalinan karta. Oleh Masyarakat Indonesia. Dukun Bayi Dalam Suprabowo, E. (2006). Praktik Budaya dalam Kehami- Persalinan Oleh Masyarakat Indonesia, 13(1), lan, Persalinan, dan Nifas pada Suku Dayak 9–14. Sanggau Tahun 2006. Kesmas The National Jour- Astuti, A. K. (2017). Early Children’s Healthy Behav- nal of Public Health, Vol. 1 No., 112–121. ior. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Educa- T.Mass, L. (2004). Kesehatan Ibu Dan Ank Persepsi tion Studies (IJECES), 6(1), 18–21. Budaya Dan Dampak Kesehatannya. Fakultas Athhar, Z. Y. (2005). Kearifan Lokal Dalam Ajaran Kesehatan Masyarakat Uniersitas Sumatera Utara, Wetu Telu Di Lombok. Kearifan Lokal 1–7. Dalam Ajaran Islam Wetu Telu Di Lombok, IX, Vinayastri, A., & Handayani, S. (2017). Parents Per-

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