Published by The Sutton Hoo Society Saxon No. 54 January 2012 Treasures from Sutton Hoo, The British Museum Press, 2011, 48 pp. 50 colour illustrations, pb £4.99, ISBN 978 0 7141 2825 2 Of coins and treasure The British Museum has published a new picture book of Sutton Hoo treasures that makes a very useful introduction for visitors and a handy reference for guides. It is written by Dr Gareth Williams, the curator of early medieval coinage in the British Museum’s Department of Coins and Medals. Dr Williams will be giving the Society’s Basil Brown Memorial Lecture in Woodbridge on Saturday 12 May. His subject will be Coins, Hoards and but Rædwald remains the favourite candidate. Precious Metals in the Age of Sutton Hoo. The interpretation of the dating evidence The interpretation of the crucial dating of the coins often depends on comparison evidence of the coins in mound 1 is changing. with continental hoards of Frankish coins Research in the 1970s moved the dating back and the dates of their import into England. from the mid 7th century to no later than The importance of gold and silver as part of 617, pointing to a burial date of 625, suitable a recognised value system, and the symbolic for Rædwald. More recent work, writes Dr significance of treasures like the Sutton Hoo Williams in his new booklet, ‘suggests a more belt buckle - literally a prince’s ransom - cautious approach’. ‘It seems unlikely that the are all part of a new understanding of the latest coins in the hoard could date from any burial deposit. To whet our appetite for Dr earlier than c.610 or much later than c.635.’ Williams’s lecture, Mark Mitchels, the first The surprising wealth of the Staffordshire editor of Saxon, will be talking rather more Hoard discovered in 2009 allows the generally about Treasure Hoards of East possibility of the burial in mound 1 of lesser Anglia, following our AGM at Sutton Hoo kings, like Rædwald’s sons Rægenhere and on 24 February. Details for both lectures are Eorpwald, killed respectively in 617 and 627, on the back page. SUTTON Hoo: A SWEDISH PERSPECTIVE A Swedish perspective The Society held its seventh conference on Sunday 11 September 2011 at the Waterfront Building in Ipswich. Sponsored by the Royal Gustav Adolf Academy of Sweden and generously facilitated by University Campus Suffolk, it featured six distinguished specialists, including four from Swedish universities, who gave us Sutton Hoo: a Swedish Perspective. Our speakers outside the visitors’ centre at Sutton Hoo the day before the conference (left to right): Professor Neil Price, Dr Torun Zachrisson, Professor Frands Herschend, Dr John Ljungkvist, Professor Anne-Sofie Gräslund, with Angus Wainwright. Photo Dr Rosemary Hoppitt (all other photos Nigel Maslin) Paul Mortimer’s retinue topped and tailed the day with greeting and farewell Dr Sam Newton (left) with Paul Mortimer, admiring a reconstruction The details of the warriors’ attire fascinated the delegates throughout of the Sutton Hoo lyre the day. 2 Saxon 54 A question for Professor Neil Price (right) and Dr John Ljungkvist. After a welcome from chairman Mike Argent, Neil opened our conference with An Eye for Odin, demonstrating that the late iron age Roman and Swedish peoples were symbolically altering the eyes of their political and military leaders: “Sutton Hoo and Sweden are ideologically linked”, he said. John discussed the development of the élite burial sites of Gamla Uppsala and Valsgärde, visited by the Society two years ago (see Saxon 50). Professor emerita Anne-Sofie Gräslund lecturing on the cremation graves of Valsgärde, a project on which she is working with John Ljungkvist Professor Frands Herschend’s surprisingly amusing lecture illuminated the way in which two of the Valsgärde graves in particular, Dr Torun Zachrisson investigated the presence from the 640s and 650s, would have been of exotic Byzantine Merovingian-period visited regularly before they were covered up, artefacts in the élite cremation burials of becoming a metaphor for death amid the life Afternoon tea in the foyer followed an Gamla Uppsala in the 6th and 7th centuries of the society at that time excellent selection of buffet lunch dishes Our president, Lord Cranbrook (right) closed the sell-out conference, after a conclusion by Angela Care Evans (second right). Remembering the ways in which Rupert Bruce-Mitford’s publication of the ship burial in the 1970s drew on the contemporaneous Swedish sites, Angela asked ‘where next?’, suggesting how Mrs John Ljungkvist examining the metal working demonstration much is still to be learnt from comparative studies of the archaeological record. www.suttonhoo.org 3 In the steps of St Augustine Listening to our English Heritage guide in the east end of the Norman nave of St Augustine’s Abbey, where the plan of the underlying Anglo-Saxon church of St Peter and St Paul is also marked out Our second stop was within easy walking distance. At first sight, St Augustine’s Abbey is a typical ‘Min. of Works’ landscape mainly of preserved wall footings, but it held surprises. Beside the Martin Taylor in Bertha’s chapel in St Martin’s church. All photos Nigel Maslin standing Romanesque north wall of the later Your editor joined the Society’s autumn excursion - a coach trip to Canterbury monastery, we walked through the area of – on the first day of October last year, a surprisingly hot Saturday. the vestibule and narthex of the early 7th century church of St Peter and St Paul, into It is a unique experience to walk into Queen Bertha used to pray in the simple rectangular nave. There in the an English country church and see an St Martin’s, continues Bede (I.26), northeast corner lay the original place of inscription reading, In the Sixth Century an old church built during the Roman Augustine’s burial. Beside it, under a shelter, Queen Bertha, with her Chaplain Bishop occupation. We were guided round it was the wall of the Porticus of St Gregory, Liudard and St Augustine worshipped by Martin Taylor, author of the church built along the north wall of the church as in this Church. We were in St Martin’s, guide book we bought, The Cradle of side chapels to accommodate burials, in this on a low hillside in Canterbury with a English Christianity. He pointed out case the first six archbishops of Canterbury. direct view of the cathedral tower half a the walls of Bertha’s chapel, which form Along the south wall originally lay the mile away, the first stop on our autumn the western part of the chancel of the early kings of Kent, their burial places since excursion to Canterbury, ‘in the steps of St present-day church. It came as a shock obliterated but still commemorated. Augustine’. to realise that we were in an extant, It was a very hot day – up to 29˚C – St Martin’s is billed as the oldest functioning church that predates the so after a picnic lunch we were pleased church in continuous use in the English- reintroduction of Christianity into to seek the cool of Canterbury Cathedral speaking world, a part of the Canterbury England by Augustine’s papal mission itself, with the most energetic taking World Heritage site. As Bede records in 597. What happened when Augustine their third guided tour in succession. (Historia Ecclesia I.25), Bertha was a arrived, you can read in Bede I.25, The afternoon concluded with Evensong Christian Frankish princess, who had where he also tells us that St Martin’s in the choir, before the two and a half married king Æthelbert of Kent (in the was the place where the mission preached hour coach trip back to Sutton Hoo, with 580s, when he was still heir) on condition until Æthelbert’s conversion, an event our thanks to the indisposed Robert Allen that she could continue to practise her that had taken place by 601. “I can’t for setting it up, treasurer Jonathan Abson Christian faith. Bishop Liudard came with think he would have been baptised for the organisation, and chairman Mike her as confessor. anywhere but here”, said Martin Taylor. Argent for hosting a most enjoyable day. The modern roof (centre) over the Porticus of St Gregory, the original Resting in the shade of the 7th century St Pancras chapel, built of reused burial place of the first seven archbishops of Canterbury Roman bricks 4 Saxon 54 In the steps of St Augustine The conversion of Britain and its archaeology DIARMAID MacCULLOCH is Professor of the History of the Church at Oxford and received a knighthood in the New Year’s Honours List. He is the author of A History of Christianity and presenter of the eponymous six-part series for BBC Television, and also President of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History. Here he reviews Malcolm Lambert’s Christians and Pagans: the Conversion of Britain from Alban to Bede. Professor Sir Diarmaid MacCulloch. Photo BBC Fortunate is the reader seeking the story of new finds. The Sutton Hoo grave was the Before there were archaeologists, early Christianity in Britain. At its heart flagship: it was discovered on the eve of people were intrigued by the standing is one of the greatest and most readable the Second World War, and in it we can stones of early Christian Britain, and they of medieval historians, the Venerable say with reasonable certainty is interred sometimes generated place names: we can Bede, and its modern exponents include King Raedwald of East Anglia, a familiar visit Valle Crucis in Denbighshire, in the such engaging and stylish writers as if ambiguous historical figure from Bede’s shadow of the ninth-century Eliseg’s Pillar, Charles Thomas, Leslie Alcock and Henry account of the early years of the papal with its long, boastful dynastic inscription Mayr-Harting.