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9 NEW LABORATORY UNIT, part of G-E Research Laboratory, is the center of General Electric research into such low-temperature phenomena as ...

SUPER-FLUIDITY of helium - meaning that at near-absolute zero it loses its viscosity, can spin forever ... and

SUPER-CONDUCTIVITY-the loss of all electrical resistance by some materials below about 15° absolute.

Near absolute zero, matter does strange things .

AT 455 degrees below zero Fahrenheit, liquid of young General Electric scientists are directing their helium becomes a "superfluid." That is, it loses investigations. its viscosity; if it were to be set in motion like stirred So far their studies are in only the earliest stages. But coffee spinning in a cup, part of it would theoretically already the facts of this nether world of temperature continue to spin forever. have aroused enough interest that with the building a "super-wetting" agent, meaning It also becomes of a new Research Laboratory near Schenectady, a sides of a and flow that it will creep up the container $250,000 laboratory unit has been especially con- over the edge. structed to aid and amplify their work. Other types of matter develop the property of "super-conductivity." Columbium-nitride, for ex- Through its emphasis on research and creative ample, loses all electrical resistance below 15 degrees thinking, through encouraging fertile minds to follow absolute. If an electric current were set in motion in a their own imaginative bent and by implementing their closed loop of this substance, it would in theory flow work with the best available facilities, General Elec- indefinitely. tric remains "a place where interesting things are These are some of the facts of cryogenics-the study happening," and stays in the forefront of scientific and of low-temperature phenomena-into which a group engineering development.

ec,/, th4lee m, ____. i.,- oet erm,/zair(a. GENERAL ELECTRIC On the Cover-- - THE KANSAS Ag Photo Winner of Mike and Cindy By DANA C. JENNINGS His Small Majesty King Michael KANSAS STATE COLLEGE "Mike" McCarty and Her Little Highness Cynthia "Cindy" Griggs OF AGRICULTURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE were elected to rule over the Little American Royal by the contestants in the show. Mike's father is Dennis MANHATTAN, KANSAS McCarty of Wichita and Cindy's old man is Otis Griggs of Marion. Both men are sophomores in the School of Agriculture. Cindy's mother made VOL. XXV MAY, 1949 No. 4 her cowboy-girl costume with the ex- ception of boots and hat. Technical data: The camera used STAFF was a Speed Graphic 4x5 tripod- mounted with an Optar 135 mm. MELVIN COTNER Editor JIM ORTON Photographer lens. Exposure was f. 22 at 1/100, DALE WISEMAN Associate Editor JIM MILLS Associate Photographer medium yellow filter on Ansco Super- NORVILLE GISH Associate Editor DEAN REESE Business Manager pan Press, developed for normal con- ELBERT MACY Faculty Adviser JOHN SCHNITTKER Associate Business Manager trast in Ansco 47. The enlargement is a straight print on Velour Black R 2, developed in Ansco 103. Two 25 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTERS Press flashbulbs were used, one high and about two feet to the right NORMAN COLLINS Agricultural Economics GLEN MCCORMICK Dairy Husbandry of the camera, about six feet from MERLE HOWES JOE BRADY Horticulture the subjects. The other was 18 inches GARRETT SEATON Agronomy HAL Ross Milling above and to the left of the camera, ED MCGINNESS Animal Husbandry TOM JAMES Poultry Husbandry about five or six feet from the sub- jects. The children stood on a low tea-table in front of'pale yellow mus- Contents lin curtains.

On the Cover 1 Buffalo Alfalfa 15 Fletcher Riggs, who will receive his Mill Paces Progress 4 Colostrum Uses 15 MS this August, plans to work on his Popcorn Tests 5 Who's Whoot New 16 doctorate in ag economics at Vander- Kansas Hybrids 6 Dean Call 16 bilt University, Nashville, Tenn. Rodent Control 7 Kansas Chickens 17 Riggs teaches part-time and is doing Skies Rain Death 8 Little Royal Showmen 20 FFA Contests 10 Barbed Wire 22 dairy marketing research here at New Ag Wing 10 Future Farmers Grow 24 Kansas State. He will be on a scholar- Isotope Research 11 Corn Wireworm 27 ship offered by the University and Heat Pump 12 Ice Box Testing 33 will not teach part-time. Turkey Farm 13 Sheep in Snow 34 New Machine Developed 14 The Last Word 36 Grandpappy says it is just like the meddlesome plant breeders to turn Published by the Agricultural Association of Kansas State College of Agriculture and Applied Science, out a flat sided pea when he has Manhattan, Kansas, on or before the Twentieth Day of the months of October, December, March, and finally learned how to eat them with May. Subscription rates $1 per year; 2 years for $1.50; single copy 30c. a fork. Entered as Second Class Matter, November 9, 1946, at the Post Office at Manhattan, Kansas, under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. Accepted for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized November 9, 1946. ENGLISH AT ITS WORST "What does taut mean?" "Tight." "Right. Were you taut very much at college?"

Girls experimenting with men's generosity are known as "human gimme pigs."

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2 There's something here no photograph could show

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Pictures could convey a clear idea of the engineers of high professional compe- buildings of Standard Oil's new research tence. We have created an intellectual laboratory at Whiting, Indiana. We climate which stimulates these men to could also photograph the many new do their finest work. types of equipment for up-to-date pe- But no photograph could show the troleum research that are housed in the basic idea that motivates Standard Oil laboratory, one of the largest projects research. It is simply this: our respon- of its kind in the world. sibility to the public and to ourselves Or we could photograph the men who makes it imperative that we keep mov- work here, many of whom have out- ing steadily forward. The new Whiting standing reputations in their fields. For laboratory is but one evidence of Stand- many years, Standard Oil has looked ard Oil's intention to remain in the front for and has welcomed researchers and rank of industrial research. Standard Oil Company (INDIANA) 910 S. MICHIGAN AVENUE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

3 Out with the Old Kansas State Mill Gets its Face Lifted To Keep Pace with Industrial Progress

By HAL Ross In recent years flour mills through- out the country have taken big steps toward the modernization of their mills-steps which make it easier to comply with government sanitary regulations and also to increase pro- duction capacities. Coupled with this modernization is the fact that the nation's mills are constantly adding more and more new machines in their search for greater efficiency in meth- ods of operation. The Kansas State college mill in order to keep pace with modern plant design is undergoing a complete modernization process itself. Al- though the college mill is complete in every detail, the machines are old and in many cases obsolete. Much of the equipment in the mill had been in- stalled in 1913 when the mill was built. Remodeling was needed so that future operatives could be trained in the technicalities and practical appli- cations necessary to operate the equip- ment found in a modern mill. To formulate plans for moderniza- tion an advisory board was appointed in 1947 by R. I. Throckmorton, dean Prof. R. 0. Pence and Jim Mills examine a modern wheat scourer. This is one of the new of the School of Agriculture, and J. additions to the wheat cleaning department of the mill. A. Shellenberger, head of the Depart- ment of Milling Industry. The board suggested a program of complete director of the Millers National Fed- New machinery was installed re- modernization to take place in the eration. placing that which had become ob- next few years. The principal idea After a meeting of the operative solete. The latest types of scourers, was that as the modernization pro- committee with the faculty and an aspirators, and separators, each de- gram progressed old machines in the inspection of the existing equipment, signed to aid in preventing insect in- mill would be replaced by modern the operative group submitted their festation, were installed. New sifters equipment until the college mill af- report to the original advisory group are now being added and the old reels forded an opportunity for students for action. The plan of the combined are being replaced with new high to obtain the training necessary for a committees called for a long range speed sifters much smaller in size. job requiring practical knowledge of program of modernization with the Other special units are being added today's methods and machines. object of providing a thorough pro- with features enabling research and The advisory board, headed by J. gram of education and research. instruction on special problems. W. Cain, President of the Midland Anyone who has visited the college Although much work has been Flour Milling company of Kansas- mill recently can see the results of this done in the remodeling of the mill City, Missouri, saw the need for as- modernization program. One of the there is still a long way to go before sistance in selecting machinery and greatest changes made was the almost the program of complete moderniza- formulating a plan of procedure. complete separation of the stored tion is finished. Practically all the Consequently a second committee wheat and wheat cleaning machinery equipment which has been added to composed of operative millers was se- from the rest of the mill. This change the mill thus far has either been lected. The operative group was led aiding the maintenance of sanitary loaned or given to the college. The by Roy K. Durham, technical service conditions. (Continued on page 26) 4 A Popping Good Job tion of seasoning used in popping tests. Kansas popcorn consumers and pro- Popcorn Tests Are Interesting ducers find K4 the best popcorn hy- brid now available to the public. K4 has a popping expansion of 32 vol- Research Projects at K-State umes and fair quality but has several undesirable hulls. Present popcorn re- By RICHARD THUMA percent moisture has given good re- search has as one of its goals the de- sults. However, a moisture content velopment of a new hybrid equal or and ap- Irresistible, tantalizing, of 13.5 percent has proven most satis- superior to K4 in popping expansion are a few of the words petizing just factory. Popcorn containing too much and free from the hulls which reduce that have been used to describe the moisture can be dried easily by ex- the eating quality of K4. If this goal aroma which seemed to fill East Ag posing it to the air in a heated room. is reached, theater managers can plan frequently last winter. Students have to feed each of 2,000 patrons one pint remarked that they could hardly wait The moisture content can be increased by sprinkling the corn lightly with of high quality popped corn from just for the bell to ring to go in search of one bushel of popcorn. and even faculty members water and then storing it in tight its source, When next you detect that tanta- found excuses containers. In general popcorn stored have also admitted they lizing odor in East Ag, come to the to go on errands in search of this where it is in contact with the out- sub-basement and witness a bit of side air will have a moisture wonderful odor. content history in the making. Incidentally, suitable for popping. What is this something which seems the popped corn is free. to have such a powerful effect upon Two-hundred cubic centimeters, or the sense of smell? It is the delicious about one-half pint, of popcorn is aroma of freshly popped popcorn. used in the standard popping expan- The average rainfall in Kansas is greater Few ever found the origin of this sion test. Regulation of heat is large- than that of Nebraska, North Dakota, odor, however, for the popping tests ly a matter of experience. However, South Dakota, Colorado, Wyoming are conducted in a seldom visited under most conditions temperatures or Montana. East Ag. room in the sub-basement of that will produce popping in 60 to 90 These popping tests have three ob- seconds give the best results. Ten to Kansas State College provided jectives. The first is to determine 20 percent as much seasoning as un- ground school instruction for 211 stu- which kinds of corn give the greatest popped corn, or 20 to 40 cubic centi- dents in the national program of pilot expansion. The second is to popping meters for a 200 cubic centimeter training. This was in addition to the grade the popped corn according to sample of corn, is the usual propor- College War Training courses. the amount of horny hulls present. The third is to detect differences in eating quality. A. commercial popper is used in these tests to make the results com- pare as closely as possible with com- mercial or home popped corn. This popper is mounted on a hopper which acts as a funnel to fill a cylinder which is calibrated to give popping expansion. Popping expansion is the ratio of the volume of corn after popping to the volume before popping. There- fore, if one pint of popcorn has a volume of 25 pints after it is popped it has a popping expansion of 25 volumes. Results indicate that popping ex- pansion depends on three major con- ditions: the inherent structure of the kernels, their moisture content, and the proper application of heat. Pop- ping expansion of the different types of popcorn follows rather closely the relative proportion of horny, or hard, starch contained in each kernel. Free- dom from soft starch, therefore, is probably the most important. feature determining popping expansion. Popcorn containing from 11 to 15 Popcorn going into the measuring hopper to be tested for popping expansion.

5 Experiments Are Successful Tests Prove Kansas Hybrids Superior To Open Pollinated Varieties Research Program Produces Inbred Lines Used in Several States

By HAROLD RAMSEY Programs of the different states lection over the years, they became are closely coordinated. There is a highly resistant to the rugged Kansas hybrids are superior to both condi- free exchange of ideas and breeding tions which open pollinated varieties of corn and often prevail in Kansas. materials, including inbred as be other hybrids, data taken from the lines It was to expected that inbreds well as cooperative testing of experi- coming from such varieties should 1948 Kansas corn performance tests mental hybrids. Thus, there is in transmit these resistant characters to show. In northeast Kansas, where effect a large regional breeding pro- their hybrid combinations, and this almost one-half of the state's corn is gram which could be accomplished has been the case. Intense grown, Kansas hybrids outyielded selection in no other way. Each state has was carried out. Of the large num- open pollinated varieties by 25 per- access to the very best material from ber tested, only those cent. inbreds possess- other states as well as to that devel- ing the greatest degree of resistance Of equal significance is the fact oped in its own program. The great were saved. Much success of the corn that Kansas hybrids, including ex- value of this cooperation and free breeding program may be attributed perimental as wall as certified com- exchange of material is evident, as to the keen powers binations, averaged five bushels more of observation each corn belt state uses several in- and great skill in selection possessed per acre than all other hybrids in- breds developed in some other state by Dr. A. M. Brunson, cluded in the tests. Several of the director of in producing its own recommended the project from 1923 to 1938. experimental hybrids made very hybrids. promising records, so it appears that The series of crop failures experi- progress is being made in developing The Kansas program has been par- enced in the dry years of the 1930's still better varieties for Kansas. ticularly productive in developing somewhat retarded the process of get- An intensive program for develop- inbred lines which are used extensive- ting these inbreds into hybrid com- ing hybrid varieties adapted to Kan- ly in other states as well as in Kansas. binations. Testing to determine sas has been continuous since 1923. There are several reasons for the which hybrids were best adapted to Similar programs were started in high quality and wide adaptability of Kansas conditions was similarly de- other corn belt states about the same Kansas inbreds. These inbreds were layed. However, these dry years were time. The work is cooperative be- developed from varieties which had of great value in demonstrating which tween the Kansas Agricultural Ex- been grown in Kansas for many years, inbreds were most drought resistant. periment Station and the Division of during which time they were sub- When hybrid seed from neighbor- Cereal Crops and Diseases of the jected to drought, and to attack by ing states first began moving into United States Department of Agri- grasshoppers, chinch bugs, and corn Kansas, the results were not good. culture. ear worms. By rigorous natural se- (Continued on page 34)

This illustrates the difference in injury to corn by corn car worm. By selecting resistant inbreds, Kansas Experi- ment Station workers have developed resistant hybrids.

6 Pictured above is a typical scene showing rat depredations on corn stored for future use. (Photo courtesy Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Depart- ment of the Interior.)

Two Rats to Every Person Rats Populate Nation's Farms U.S. Wildlife Service Offers Five Point Plan for Rodent Control

By DEAN REESE nate 200 million bushels of grain, ton, is produced, that southern fam- which is the equivalent of 315 loaves ilies more frequently live in towns, American farmers are confronted of bread per family, and tons of other and that their houses and with one of the greatest menaces other struc- foods. tures are often built on known to mankind-rats, according posts well above the ground, thus to the United States Department of Because of more abundant food eliminating supplies and greater opportunities for the acceptable underfloor rat harbor- Agriculture. age. Total rat population on the na- harborage, there are considerably more rats on farms The tion's farms is estimated at 60 mil- than in cities and number of rats on farms has lion, or twice the human population. towns, investigations show. Few per- diminished to some extent with the sons Adding to the 60 million are approxi- comprehend the magnitude of increased intolerance of their pres- losses caused by ence, mately 80 million rats in the cities, rats. Small daily dep- with the erection of better making the estimated total rat popu- redations go unnoticed, and only buildings, with reduced use of horses, the unusual cases lation in United States 140 million are brought to the and with improved rat-control meth- or, approximately that of the human attention of government authorities. ods, but progress in elimination has population. Further government findings indi- been slower than in cities and in small Annually, rats are responsible for cate that the rat population of farms towns. two billion dollars worth of damage is greater in the northern than in the Taking all farms into account, in the nation of which approximately southern part of the United States. however, experience indicates the an- 50 percent is in food supplies. Gov- This is explained by the fact that in nual loss to be at least 10 dollars per ernment estimates show that each the South a larger proportion of non- farm, or about $63 million for all year these rats destroy or contami- edible crops, such as tobacco and cot- (Continued on page 30) Airways Are Sprayways Skies Rain Death on Pests Widespread Use of Airplanes for Spraying To Offset Crop Pest Dangers

By DANA JENNINGS grasses, and other crops belonging to talpa sphinx. Since that time, flying the grass family. machines have successfully controlled Farmers and fliers of the Great of 2,4-D are in gen- many other insects in many parts of Plains wheat belt are oiling up their Three forms and salt. the nation. The coming crop season flit guns and shaking the mothballs eral use: the ester, amine, is effective against will see still wider use of it, thinks out of their airplanes preparatory to The ester most weeds also is the most likely to Dr. Roger C. Smith, head of the ento- an open season on wheat-killing weeds but damage crops. It is usually applied mology department at Kansas State. and insects. Last year saw an un- a of 1 pound of the ester He warns that large population precedented use of aircraft for spread- at the rate of per acre. This may be mixed in 5 grasshoppers developed in Kansas dur- ing chemical weed and insect killers, lady 'hoppers or 1 gallon of Diesel ing 1948, and that the and 1949 promises to beat '48. gallons of water fuel has an obvious did a thorough job of egg laying. In Kansas alone last year, airplanes oil. Use of Diesel operations where Planes, he predicted, may be required spewed 2,4-D over 628,000 acres. A advantage in aerial is limiting factor. In arid to spread poison bait to protect crops preliminary survey shows that 1,416,- weight the also, Diesel fuel works bet- in 1949. 000 Kansas acres will need it in 1949, climates, of a water spray The greatest potential grasshopper reports J. W. Zahn ley, professor of ter because too much before reaching the threat in 10 years now exists, accord- agronomy at Kansas State college, evaporates is some danger of ing to John S. Riss, USDA. There Manhattan. ground. There fuel- oil burns on crop has been an increasing build-up of of 2,4-D lies in its se- Diesel causing The value in to kill weeds and plants, however. the lesser migratory grasshopper not the crop. It can be used, how- Insect control from the air was Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colo- Fall ever, only against broad-leaf weeds first tried in Ohio in 1921 when rado, Kansas, and Oklahoma. in corn, the small grains, pasture poison dust was used against the ca- baiting, he said, does not affect the

A slightly different installation on another Cub. Notice the tank in the rear seat, the spray boom below the struts, and another slipstream-driven pump fan. Photo by Jennings.

8 next year's population because eggs emphasized that predictions of need when weeds already were big. The are laid earlier in the season and grass- for insect and weed control are at best chemicals stopped their growth and hoppers don't live through the winter only approximate estimates and that turned their tops down so that they anyway. Fall baiting does protect many forces can cause drastic changes gave less trouble in harvesting. In fall-sown crops, however. Spring in spraying prospects. Prolonged his area, he says, it is customary to spraying will materially reduce the drought or wet spells, unseasonable shock oats and thresh them late in new grasshopper population. Chlor- warmth or cold, crop prospects and the season when other work is not so dane, toxaphene, and benzene hexa- capers of the grain market all exert pressing. Usually there is a heavy chloride will kill 90 to 100%. Recom- their effect on insect and weed popu- growth of weeds in the fields and mended coverage is 1 pound of chlor- lations and on the economics of spray- about the shocks, making work ex- dane per acre in sprays, 1.5 pounds ing. Dr. Smith volunteers that in- tremely difficult. In 1948, f he said, in dusts. For toxaphene the dosage sect forecasts are inaccurate, so that oat fields were sprayed and this diffi- is 1.5 and 2 pounds per acre for flight operators cannot make fixed culty eliminated. sprays and dusts, respectvely. schedules. The ester form of 2,4-D is a good The Division of Grasshopper Con- The time to spray depends on the tool for control of annual weeds in trol, USDA, has studied costs of species of crop and weeds and the con- wheat if used in proper amounts at spraying with three types of airplanes. dition of each. Winter wheat is best the right time, in the opinion of sprayed in the spring during the fully The largest, a DC-3, was a twin- Vernon Woestemeyer, in charge of a engine 21-passenger transport which tillered or early joint stage. The crop bindweed control project at Canton, is likely to be damaged if sprayed could spray 4200 acres a day. Smaller Kansas. In the full tiller or early later, although in 1948 some wheat ships tried were the Stearman N3N, joint stage he recommends 1/2 to 2A sprayed in the boot and soft dough a Navy primary flight trainer similar pound per acre. Eradication of bind- stage showed no injury. Researchers to the Army's well-known "yellow weed requires a heavier dose than warn against this practice, however, peril," and the White Standard, some- crops will stand. However, lA pound and discourage taking the results of a what comparable to the Stearman. of the ester or 1/2 to 2A pound of the These smaller ships covered 750 acres single year as rules for all time. Weeds kill more easily when although amine or salt will not damage crops a day. The cost of spraying, includ- young, the operator should wait until they and will prevent bindweed from mak- ing cost and transportation and mix- ing seed. ing of chemicals, fuel, and pilots' have fully sprouted. A wheat farmer from Thomas There is still much to be learned wages, was within a fraction of a cent Kansas, about using herbicides and insecti- of $1.35 an acre for all three types county in northwestern Eicher, cides on a field scale. The toxic ef- of craft using chlordane, and $0.94 Harry reported that he waited an acre when toxaphene was used. until late June to spray his wheat, (Continued on page 28) In diversified farming areas where land is not flat, fields are small and A curious visitor to the Manhattan airport examines tank and nozzle installations on a Cub. Notice crops susceptible to 2,4-D grow the automobile fan just below his chin. The fan is turned by the prop wash, drives the pump. Photo ad- by Jennings. joining grass and cereal crops, aerial spraying is attended with more diffi- culty and expense. Rough topog- raphy means less thorough coverage. Diversified farming means more chance of loss in adjoining broad-leaf crops and consequent damage suits, and wind can carry chemicals a sur- prising distance (38 miles is the known record). This last difficulty, of course, is not so important with insecticides as with 2,4-D. More ob- structions such as trees, buildings, and power lines in a diversified farming area require more groundwork to get patches the airplane missed. A serious threat to winter wheat is the greenbug or aphid. These bugs winter in the south and fly north in March. They suck the sap from wheat plants, turning leaves a reddish brown. Heavy infestations cause shriveled grain and death of plants. These aphids produce several genera- tions a year which continue their northward migration as far as Can- ada. Benzene hexachloride; accord- ing to Dr. Smith, is the best control. Both Dr. Smith and Prof. Zahn ley

9 Other high individuals were George Daniels, Smith Center; Leon Shannon, Clay Center, Belleville Chapters Hiawatha and Kenneth Kelly, Cha- nute. Don Volker of Stafford, winner of Capture Honors in FFA Contests the speech contest, gave his winning address at the banquet before a num- ber of honored guests, among whom By MERLE HOWES men each competed in the agricul- were C. M. Miller, Director of the ture judging contest and 79 teams of State Board of Vocational Education; Kansas State was host to approxi- two men each in farm mechanics. Adel F. Throckmorton, Superinten- mately 1200 high school students and Results of the two-day meet were dent of Public Instruction and Paul instructors in the annual Vocational announced at the final banquet Tues- Lindholm, 1st vice-president of the Agriculture Judging and Farm Me- day evening and are as follows: Belle- national organization of F.F.A. chanics contest and State Future ville High School, coached by Carl Farmers of America convention, May H. Beyer, was high in agriculture 2 and 3. judging. Runner-up teams were State Farmer Degrees Honorary Newton High School, R. M. Karns; were conferred upon L. C. Aicher, Agriculture Wing Frankfort High School, Harold E. Superintendent of the Hays Experi- Frank; Olathe High School, A. G. ment Station, E. H. Coles, Superin- Jensen and Inman Rural High School, tendent of the Colby Experiment Will Be Valuable coached by William J. Braun. The and E. D. Mustoe, Manager Station five high individuals in the judging of the Foster Farm of Rexford, Kan- were George Brzon, Belleville High Addition to Campus sas. School; Gene Hawkey, Newton High the House of Delegates meeting, At Bud Hanzlick, Belleville High new state F.F.A. officers were elected School; School; Roydean Cooley, Alton High By DALE WISEMAN for the coming year. They include School and Galen Morley, Belleville Paul Mug ler of Clay Center, presi- The campus of Kansas State col- High School. dent; J. E. Zimmerman of Olathe, lege will continue to enlarge with the vice-president; Kenneth Buller of Winner of the Farm Mechanics recent appropriation of $655,000 for Buhler, secretary; Billy Bert Jessee of contest was Clay County Community a wing to connect the two present ag Columbus, reporter and Elmer Kern High School, coached by Ray Morri- buildings. The amount has been ap- of Stockton, treasurer. The House son. Other teams in order of placing proved by the Board of Regents and of Delegates also conferred 104 State were Oberlin High School, Lloyd L. the last state legislature. Farmer Degrees on outstanding F.F.A. Moody; Smith Center, Chas. Mantz; When the second ag building was boys who had excellent farming pro- Hiawatha, Winzer J. Petr and Beloit, completed in 1923, the enrollment grams. This degree also takes into coached by Howard R. Bradley. Cur- was 561 in the School of Agriculture. consideration leadership and scholar- tis Minter, Clay County Community Now with the present students, fac- ship. High School, was high individual fol- ulty and researchers, the school num- One hundred four teams of three lowed by Karl Rau, his team-mate. bers approximately sixteen hundred. Even the Agricultural Experiment Station budget has grown. In 1923 it was but $100,000 while last year the total was $800,000. If.APOZAS At E The wing will provide added space rati for Agronomy, Milling, Economics and Horticulture. The tentative plans call for laboratories for Milling, Agronomy and Horticulture, draft ing rooms for Landscape Design and Milling and will also house the ex- tension specialists in agriculture. At the present, equipment provided by industry for teaching and research in Milling cannot be used because of lack of space. The same applies to the seed testing laboratories. Actual completion of the building cannot be soon enough. People of Kansas, the United States and of the World have a chance to gain whether it be increased Milling enrollment or room for the development of a new New FFA officers for the coming year. L to r, Billy Bert Jessee, reporter; Elmer Kern, treasurer; Paul Mugler, president; J. E. Zimmerman, vice-president and Kenneth Buller, secretary. Kansas hybrid. 10 Isotope Research Opens New Fields In Medical Science

By RICHARD SIMMONS In the March issue of The Agri- cultural Student there was an article about the use of radioactive isotopes as a research project at Kansas State. It might be of interest to know to what use the radioactive isotopes may be put. Imagine comparing the human body to a military regiment which retains its size, form, and composi- tion while the individuals of which it is composed are continually chang- ing, joining up, being transferred from post to post, promoted or de- moted, acting as reserves, and finally departing after varying lengths of service. This analogy was made by Professor Underbjerg, head of the physiology department, after a study of the use of radioactive isotopes as tracers in medical research. Several amazing discoveries have been made by using radioactive trac- ers. For instance, it has been found Mary MacCaskill won second place in out in the photo contest with this picture. Mary also turned in a that the transfer of fluid and picture last year that placed. of human veins is so rapid and con- tinuous that it carries back and forth with it 50 pounds of salt on the aver- Foto by Dana age every day. Today isotopes provide labels for all the fundamental life elements. Jennings Wins Ag Photo Contest These labels are indistinguishable from the normal material. Biologists have already used them to trace such With Little American Royal Shot a variety of bodily ingredients as alcohols, amino acids, antigens, bac- teria, bile acids, hormones, insulin, By JIM ORTON ture by Dana Jennings of the Little penicillin, starches and vitamins. Although fewer pictures were en- American Royal King and Queen to By far the most tracer investiga- tered in the Ag Student magazine a self-propelled buggy that didn't tions with biologics have been carried photo contest this year, almost every place. out with the radioactive iodine iso- picture was good enough to be a prize Second place went to Mary Mac- topes. This fact reflects the unique winner. Faculty members interested Caskill, Wichita, who used a crioflex role played by iodine as a central in both agriculture and photography to catch a group of horses eating out factor in thyroid function. did the judging. on the range. Miss MacCaskill turned The thyroid is a small but impor- After looking at several of the in a picture of a saddle horse last year tant endocrine gland located in the winning photographs in this issue, that placed. neck. This organ contains most of you will be able to see what a problem A picture of a mare and her colt the iodine in the body. By repeated the judges actually had. Judging was entered by Charles R. Stevenson, ani- observations, curves showing iodine based on subject material, composi- mal husbandry major from Manhat- concentrations in the gland were ob- tion and technical quality. When tan, barely edged the snapshot of tained which were found to be char- considering composition, the judges three cowgirls framed by a horse that acteristic of certain types of thyroid allowed for the kind of camera used. Dale Apel, Sedan, turned in. Steven- diseases. This test has been used Subject matter of the photographs son won third and Apel fourth. (Continued on page 32) entered ranged from the winning pic- (Continued on page 13)

11 necessary for summer operation is the reversing of a set of valves and the cooling system for the home is ready to function. In other words, setting the thermostat for the desired temper- ature for winter, summer, spring, or fall will be an easy task with the heat pump. It will still be a few years before this equipment is available on the market for the average home. At present, the first cost is too high. There are also many problems of in- stallation which must be worked out. Research work at Kansas State is help- ing solve some of these problems. A working model of the heat pump has been built by the agricultural engineering department at Kansas State. The model was on display in the agricultural engineering depart- ment during the Engineers' Open No dirty work involved when the heat pump is used. The same system will work in summer as well House this year. as winter by turning a set of valves. Advantages of the new method of heating and cooling far surpass those Draws Heat from Ground of any other method. They include cleanliness, greater safety, ease of con- trol, and automatic operation. Studies New Invention Cools in Summer, indicate that the cost of operation will be comparable if not lower than for Warms in Winter other methods. Soil erosion by blowing is negligi- By WILLIAM K. JORDAN that were put in the refrigerator to ble when compared to that of heavy cool. The heat passes off into the air rains in more humid parts of the No coal to shovel, no flame to through this coil. country. While it is often disastrous burn, no ashes, no smoke, no dirt. to current crops, it consists more of an The heat pump principle works the That's the way to heat your house by exchange of soil from one section to same way-except that the heat is taking heat from a well. And that's another rather than a permanent and saved up under added pres- not all. You may cool your home in and built irreparable erosion. the summer with the same system. sure. The heat pump isn't installed in many Engineers have long agreed that homes yet, and you can't go down to the idea might work in heating a Weather in affecting all types of the hardware store for one, but the house, but the problem has been to plant life is never the same any two future is promising. find a cheap source of heat to take years. To a large extent, the abun- Kansas State college is one of the the place of that roast or potatoes dance or lack of insect life in any one schools carrying out experiments with in the refrigerator. Experimenters season is the result of the ever chang- the heat pump. Research started here have tried air, the earth itself, and ing weather. in 1947, and is sponsored jointly by water. So far water has been the most the College Engineering Experiment practical source for both heating and cooling the home. Military training was recognized as Station, represented by Prof. G. H. important at Kansas State College in Larson, of the agricultural engineer- Instead of the one-fourth horse- power compressor, condenser and air 1865 by persons who had witnessed ing department; the United States the border conflicts and the Civil of Agriculture, repre- circulator fan of the refrigerator, the Department War. sented by Mr. Warren Trent; and the heat pump requires a five to seven Kansas committee on the relation of and one-half horsepower unit. Its electricity to agriculture, represented method of operation is through In 1925, the average American in by Mr. Ralph Lipper. pumping heat from an outside source, one year ate 2.5 gallons of ice cream; The easiest way to understand the such as water or the ground, into the in 1942 his average consumption was heat pump is to compare it with your house, where it is intensified by means 3.5 gallons. household refrigerator. When the re- of the compressor. This heat it used frigerator is working, the radiator- to heat the home by a forced warm like coil (which is usually near the air circulation system. Another fea- "Jones," asked the professor, "how motor) is warm. The heat comes ture of the heat pump is that once far away were you from the answer?" from the left-over roast or potatoes it is installed in a home, all that is "Only three seats, sir." 12 C. L. Gish Tries Turkey Business 10 pounds and his toms average 20 pounds. Hatching eggs for this breed College Professor His of birds sell on last season's market Puts Teachings for 35 to 50 cents each. Anyone wishing to start a turkey To the Test in Practical Manner farm of their own may call' on Pro- fessor Gish for more detailed plans. Turkeys are hard to raise, because By CHARLES MCGHEE Professor Gish used lights to speed they are more susceptible to disease his hens into production. He in- How would you like to own a small than chickens. Gish's advice is "get stalled his own incubator and electric farm a few miles from Manhattan? plenty of information on turkeys be- brooders and has several Everyone has dreamed of just that hatches of fore you start to raise them." young turkeys started. Gish plans to at some time or another. Some of us add chickens later to his pens to live to see our dreams come true. sup- the seasonal income. JENNINGS WINS PHOTO CONTEST A man who has done something plement turkey (Continued from page 11) about his future plans is Asst. Prof. An adequate water source was Clarence Gish of the poultry depart- needed to supply all of the buildings Other winning photographs and ment. Professor Gish received his with running water. An eighty foot their placings are: Fifth place: 35 education at Kansas State College. well was dug and a jet pump installed. mm picture of a future Kansas State He has worked at several jobs since Celotex ceilings were installed in student (1964) turned in by Rodger then, including a job as government the turkey sheds instead of straw Funk; sixth place-a farmer and inspector during the war. At the lofts. Gish says that this eliminates baby calf astride a horse, submitted by close of the war Mr. Gish took a job fire hazard and that turkeys do not Roland Weaver; seventh place- as assistant professor in the poultry need the ventilation chickens require. a boy at the wheel of a tractor turned department. Ground cob litter is used on the floor. in by Wilfred G. Reist. The picture Last year Professor Gish bought a The front and back of the turkey by Roland Weaver small tract of land east of Manhattan sheds are removable so that maximum also won the special box camera on highway 40. He started a general ventilation may be attained in hot award. cleanup right away and it wasn't long weather. Mechanical feed elevators until he was ready for the first build- are planned later to ease the work of TALL STORY ing. He built a stone feed building feeding. We have some farms out our way which was converted into a home for Professor Gish keeps a bale of green that are pretty good size. I've seen a his family until the cost of building alfalfa in the turkey sheds in the man on one of our big farms start materials would permit the building winter months to supplement the out in the spring and plow a straight of a house. diet. This provides Vitamin C which furrow till fall. Then he harvested Two poultry houses, 24 feet square, the birds get on the range in the sum- back. But that's not all. It is the were added to accommodate the initial mer. He says a balanced diet is usual thing to send newly married flock of turkeys, which would pro- necessary to produce good hatching couples out to milk and their children duce Gish's setting eggs. One hun- eggs. bring back the milk. dred fifty Beltsville white hens and Beltsville white turkeys are not an eight Beltsville white toms were pur- exceptionally large breed of birds. "Fishing?" chased to do the job. Gish says that his hens weigh about "No. Drowning worms!"

4 44, ' t41ttorit v11,11;1 1,10$- wh,e e 4,1

Ag Association officers for next year are Charles Glenn, Ag Barnwarmer manager; Dale Wiseman, Ag Student editor; Jack Graham, treas- urer; Bob Kuhn, ass't Barnwarmer manager; Jim Dixson, president; Oliver Russ, secretary and Norman Collins, vice-president.

13 Display Ensilage Cutter of fixing and re-fixing, Aicher be- lieves the machine is just what they want. Fort Hays Station Personnel The successful combination of a variety of parts resulted in the only self-propelled two-row ensilage cut- Develop New Machines ter in existence. The inventors used the rear end of an English Austin, of a two plow By ALLEN ORTON automatic pick-up baler in Kansas. the front end tractor, the rear end of a truck, a gehl cutter, A two-row self-propelled ensilage "Better farming made easier," shop built wheels and gears, and cutter was one of the main attractions might well be the slogan of the Fort powered it with a 49 horse-power in the Agricultural Engineers' Open Hays branch experiment station engine. display in March. "About which has been turning out new and House everything we could get our hands The small Austin rear-end is just improved farm machinery since its into the ensilage cutter," right to operate the feeder chains and in 1900. on went founding superintendent of sickle. The hydraulic brakes enable Farm machines that have origi- says L. C. Aicher, the Fort Hays station. the machine to turn in a very small nated at the Fort Hays station during area. The Hays experiment station per- the last 28 years include a tractor- In western Kansas where a good lister, sonnel started building the machine powered post hole auger, basin sorghum crop is about 10 tons to the two years ago when the need arose duck-foot weeder, grass harvester, acre, the cutter can fill a 200 ton silo The for a faster and more economical and self-propelled combine. easily in an 8 hour day. In this sec- ensilage harvester. After two years Hays station also designed the second tion of the state, where 20 tons to the acre are common, Aicher says the ma- chine could harvest 40 or more tons in an hour. The best feature of the ensilage cutter is its low cost of operation. About two gallons of gasoline an hour will keep the machine running. That is less than a tractor will use pulling a one-row cutter. "The secret of low cost operation is the variable speea control that we installed," Aicher explained. This keeps the cut- ter always running at a uniform speed. his variable speed control is now used on all self-propelled com- bines. A processing plant at Fort Hays for buffalo grass seed is the only one of its kind. before it will germinate, buf- falo grass seed must be soaked in salt- peter for 25 hours and then put into a refr.gerator for six weeks at 40 de- grees F. The Army needed buffalo grass seed to prevent sand erosion near air fields cturing the war so the Fort Hays station processed some 65,000 pounds of buffalo grass seed in three years for Army use alone. Fort Hays itself was originally one of a line of forts extending from Kan- sas City to Denver. It was first estab- lished several miles south of the pres- ent town of Walker in 1866. After a disastrous flood it was moved to its present location south of Hays. The fort was abandoned in 1889 and in March, 1900, an act was passed by Congress granting the fort reserva- tion to the State of Kansas for three designated uses, one of which was a This two-row self-propelled ensilage cutter was made by the Fort Hays station. It was on display at the Engineers' Open House. state branch experiment station. 14 Twenty Years of Tests Result in Production Of Buffalo Alfalfa By DEAN NEWELL Among the studies carried on in the agricultural experiment stations over Kansas in the last several years has been the development of Buffalo alfalfa. Observers often do not real- ize the processing the development of such a thing involves. It takes the cooperation of many people and the diligent care of specialists to develop a new variety such as Buffalo alfalfa. This new variety was developed from Kansas Common, a variety known to have been grown as early as 1907. The superiority of the new variety was first called to the atten- tion of L. E. Call, then head of the K-State department of agronomy, in the early twenties. The first seed Buffalo alfalfa (left) growing in a field beside Kansas Common (right) on the agronomy placed under observation the farm, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan. The thin stand in the Kansas of Common, as indicated by the foxtail grass (Hordeunt pusillunt Nutt) was caused by agronomists was planted in 1922. It bacterial wilt (Corynebacterium insidiosum). was discovered that the new variety was equal to its ancestor in yield, quality of hay, cold resistance and work on vitamin A and its relatives, superior to it in longevity. Scientists Discover became their study. In recent years, From the seed of the original test, interest has again been aroused in plants were grown and set out far anti-bodies in colostrum, and this enough apart to permit study and Uses of Colostrum coupled with vitamin A research has observation of the individual plants. led on into other fields. The progeny of the selected plants Colostrum could probably be con- By were studied in laboratories and tested RICHARD JAMESON sidered one of the most potent foods in wilt nurseries for wilt resistance. Speculation, as to what the exact in existence. It is high in practically The new variety was again found to function of colostrum is, has been all known nutritional factors except be equal to other varieties in many going on for many years. Before water, lactose, and some specific min- ways and superior in wilt resistance. scientists probed into the unknown erals. These three missing substances The final selection was made at Gar- qualities of this substance, it was be- can, for the most part, be supple- den City Branch Experiment Station, lieved that colostrum played only a mented to form almost the perfect where tests were continued for wilt minor role in the complex organiza- feed. resistance and agronomic characteris- tion of life. There was an experiment carried tics. Now, that research workers have on by Ohio State University, in which The main factor in the increased thrown some light onto this subject, colostrum was fed to calves on a per- longevity of Buffalo is its resistance there has been revealed a maze of centage basis of their body weights. to bacterial wilt, a disease that has possibilities. The entire secret of These percentages also varied with been a factor in the production of colostrum is yet to be found, and their ages. The experiment showed alfalfa since about 1920. The seri- perhaps even many of the secrets of that calves fed on colostrum had a ousness of the disease was recognized life itself. higher blood plasma level of carotene then and varieties were tested to de- Colostrum was thought at first to and vitamin A. They were more termine their resistance to wilt. This be merely a laxative to remove the alert and had a more glossy coat than investigational work was started in wastes accumulated by the fetus. were calves that had been fed on a 1929 and also resulted in the produc- Then it became apparent that anti- plain milk diet. Although some of tion of Buffalo alfalfa. bodies were received by the young the calves were abruptly changed In tests carried on at Manhattan, of ruminants through colostrum. from a plain milk diet to a colostrum it was discovered that during a three Molecules which the anti-bodies were diet, they showed no signs of going year period from 1939 to 1942 Buf- associated with seemed to be too large off feed, or losing weight. falo proved to have 95 percent stand to pass through the placenta into the Many farmers consider this highly remaining, while other varieties tested fetus. nutritional food almost a nuisance. showed a decrease in stand as low as Then research workers' interest in It is estimated that 50 percent of the 25 percent over the three year period. anti-bodies began to die out, and (Continued on page 32)

15 200 Willing Helpers Collegiate 4-1-1)ers Prepare Largest Who's Whoot Annual in History

By DALE JOHNSON tion of various awards and other ac- tivities here at Kansas State. Since early in January the Colle- State champions, the members giate 4-H club office in the extension of the honorary club, barracks has been busier than usual. "Who's Who" and various scholarship and trip win- Approximately 200 4-H club mem- ners are in special bers have been planning, assembling, pictured the fea- tures of "Who's cutting, and pasting pages for the Whoot". The 1949 annual will, for the first time, 1949 "Who's Whoot", official Kansas show ocenes from the 4-H Club yearbook. state fairs, Round-up, the Wichita fat The "Who's Whoot", which gives stock show, and Rock Springs ranch, the new state 4-H a pictorial record of the 4-H happen- camp. ings and achievements of the year, is published annually by the Colle- The officials of Kansas State col- giate 4-H club. This club project is lege are familiar to "Who's Whoot" another service performed for the recipients as KSC administrators are 4-H members of Kansas. pictured in the book. Members of the Collegiate club are Various firms and organizations appointed to the "Who's Whoot" from over the entire state subscribe staff early in the fall by the executive for advertising to help finance the council of the club and the state 4-H publication. These advertisements club department. This year's staff compose the last section of the "Who's Another prize winning photo of the contest. This picture was turned in by Roger Funk. includes Dale Apel, Sedan, editor; Whoot". Marlys Waln, Canton, assistant edi- After all the various pages have tor; Laberta Kugler, Abilene, county been assembled and set-up, they are page editor; Don Jacobson, Everest, sent to the engraver, and finally to advertising manager; Enid Keiswet- the printer. The 1949 "Who's Dean Call to Return ter, Hill City, special features editor; Whoot" should be ready for distribu- Stanley Wood, Elmdale, Collegiate tion to K-State students the last week To editor; Dale Johnson, Salina, sales of school. The delegates to Round- Philippine Islands manager; Maridell Byler, Newton, up May 31 to June 3 will receive artist; and Tennyson Collins, Man- copies. The county extension agents By JIM ORTON hattan, photographer. distribute the remaining books to Dean Call is going back to the 4-H'ers in the counties who have The staff appoints a former 4-H Philippines. This time he will help placed orders. club member from each of the coun- This year 2500 copies professors at Silliman university, are being ties as a county representative. Pic- printed. Dumaguete, Island of Negros, organ- tures of club members, their projects, The first edition of "Who's ize a course of instruction in agri- and activities are secured through the Whoot" was published in 1927 by culture. county extension agent by the repre- the "Who's Who" club. It contained This time Dean Call will not travel sentative. During the winter these pictures of "Who's Who" club mem- alone. He will be accompanied by pictures are trimmed, assembled, and bers and had three pages of snap- his wife and will leave Manhattan finally pasted to a scaled page. A shots showing 4-H activities. The May 22 for Silliman. They are going completed page usually contains a 1928 publication pictured the mem- under provisions of the Fulbright act picture from every club in the coun- bers of the first Collegiate 4-H club. which put into operation international ty. Calves, pigs, sheep, a 4-H camp, In 1929 the "Who's Whoot" had five education exchanges. picnics, food and clothing projects are county pages. As time passed the Both Dean and Mrs. Call will teach often shown. This year's annual con- other sections have been added. Each at Silliman. Mrs. Call,.an art instruc- tains pages from 94 counties. edition has been larger than its prede- tor, taught for eight years at Kansas The Collegiate section of the year- cessors. The new "Who's Whoot" State college in the school of home book includes pictures of the presi- will contain approximately 225 pages. economics. dents, vice-presidents, and secretaries K-Staters willingly work long Dean Call is acquainted with agri- of the Collegiate 4-H club for the hours on the "Who's Whoot" for culture in the Philippines. In 1946 past two semesters. Members of the Kansas is one of the few states in the he was chief of a mission to the islands club are shown in group pictures. nation to have such an annual. The sponsored by the United States De- Informal snaps also show the radio "Who's Whoot" is another 4-H proj- partment of Agriculture. He trav- broadcasts, the dinner dance, spring ect of which Kansans may justly be eled some 7,000 miles by air, boat formal, club meetings, the presenta- proud. and jeep that year to visit principal 16 agriculture regions of the islands. As a result of this mission, Silliman New Kansas White Rock university officials requested the serv- Strain ices of Dean Call in working out a suitable agriculture curriculum for Gains in their school. Popularity In addition to his duties of setting- up courses of agriculture instruction By WILFRED at the University, the Dean will teach REIST Rhode Island Reds furnished high egg production qualities a course in world agriculture. All Fried chicken is an enjoyable meal while the White Rocks furnished the courses are taught in English at Si lli- time dish for millions of people. Yet white plumage man. few of them realize the work and re- and meat-type conformation. After crossing they were bred back to the This isn't the first trip to the Pa- search needed to make this treat pos- White Rocks to get a sible. Much experimental work has pure white color cific for Mrs. Call but it will be her and the correct conformation. first boat ride. She traveled as far been done by poultry breeders to Rapid feathering as Honolulu by air with Dean Call bring about the best quality friers. has been estab- lished on his first trip to the Philippines. The Kansas Strain of White Rocks 100 percent in the stock the last several Because of the shipping strike at that is one of the many breeds thus de- years. Progress on other traits has been slower because time, they were unable to catch a veloped. It was started by Dr. D. C. their boat. Warren in 1938 at Kansas State col- inheritance is more complex. En- lege poultry husbandry vironmental conditions also have "The trip by air is all right but you department. It is now under the direction more effect on these traits. go too fast to see anything," Mrs. of Dr. Clyde D. Mueller, poultry Most of the progress in the last Call said. is geneticist She looking forward to of the five years has been in faster maturity, the trip by boat. department. The Kansas Strain of White Rocks increased mature weight, and average Mrs. Call isn't worried about cook- has rapid feathering, rapid growth, annual egg production. Age at first ing Philippine dishes-mainly because high egg production ability, good egg has been reduced two weeks and that will not be her job. The natives meat-type conformation, and white an average of 30 eggs more per hen over there are good at whipping up plumage characteristics. They are be- has been obtained. The mature body American dishes, she said. coming more popular because they weight of females has been increased The Calls will sail from San Fran- meet both the broiler and egg pro- nearly one-half pound and the weight cisco June 3 on the SS General Gor- ducers' demands. at eight weeks has been increased one- don. They will travel by way of the They originated as a cross between fourth pound per bird. Hawaiian Islands, Japan and China White Rocks, New Hampshires, and Efforts are now being made to and will reach Manila on June 27. Rhode Island Reds. The rapid growth purify the color patterns in the stock. They will reach Dumaguete just in and feathering characteristics were When this is accomplished they will time to start working. At Silliman, contributed by the New Hampshires. (Continued on page 27) the school year begins in July 1949 and will end in April 1950. The Ful- bright grant to Dean and Mrs. Call is for that nine month period. The return trip will be longer. The Calls plan to sail from Manila to Bombay, India, for the first leg of their journey. Then they hope to visit India and sail to Europe through the Suez canal, making it an around- the-world jaunt. In Europe they have a lot of things to do. Among other things Dean Call expects to attend the interna- tional botanical congress at Stock- holm, Sweden, in July 1950.

A large woman and her meek little husband stood before the judge in traffic court. "What were you doing at the time of the accident?" asked the judge. The woman spoke up. "Your Honor, I was driving down Main street, with my husband at the Next year's staff for the Ag Student will be Jack Mings, ass't photographer; Jim Mills, photographer; Don Tarver, business manager; Prof. Elbert Macy, faculty adviser; Dale Wiseman, editor; Bob wheel . . ." Wulfkuhle, ass't business manager and Delmar Hatesohl, associate editor. 17 41.go,sad State's Zerree /44metecam

Two Poland China hogs arc shown at the Little American Royal by Jack Vanier and Reggie Reed.

Eugene Brinkman took Grand Champion honors with the prize Hampshire ewe which was also chan

Grand Champion showman of the Dairy division of the Little American Royal went to John Wilk. He is shown receiving a cup from Congressman Clifford Hope. 18 Ra Potocie,d Ve Fear

Building the center piece for the Royal was by the decoration committee with chairman Haroli Ramsey in charge.

in the Animal Husbandry division. He is shown ipion in the sheep division.

The champion horse was exhibited by Mary MacCaskill. Mary also won first in the draft division and has the honor of being the only girl to participate in the show. 19 1949 Royal a Success John Wilk, Eugene Brinkman Named Champion Showmen at Little Royal 1000 Spectators Jam Livestock Pavilion To See 21st Annual Event

By NORVILLE GISH winners in the Little Royal by Con- preparing the animals but as the show gressman Clifford Hope of Garden enlarged longer times were allowed spectators More than one thousand City. Congressman Hope, former until this year a total of six weeks live- crowded into the Kansas State chairman of the house agriculture was spent by most entrants in getting April 9 stock pavilion on the campus committee, flew from Washington, their animals ready. K-State to watch some one hundred D. C., for the occasion. He awarded Winners were named in some in the ag students compete for honors silver trophies to grand champion twenty separate classes of stock with Royal 25th annual Little American showmen and reserve champion show- breed winners and division champions livestock show. men in each division. Ribbons and named separately. has de- The Little Royal, which prizes went to other winners in the Judges for the contest were: Dairy from a veloped through the years show. Division, Elmer Dawdy, Ballard Ben- of most impressive parade to one the Trophies were provided for the nett and Joe Wallace. In the Block year in the school of ag- events of the Little Royal this year by the Kansas and Bridle Division were H. L. success. In- riculture, was a great Interbreed Dairy Association, the Murphy, cattle; Waldo Pooney, spirit was at a terest and competitive Kansas City American Royal, and the sheep; Roy Freeland, swine; Sam the weeks of high level throughout Kansas City Stockyards company. Bigham, horses, and Andy Patterson for the event. Long preparation Since the beginnings of the Little as supreme judge. and care by student hours of work American Royal, the show has de- The winners by division and showmen were rewarded on the night veloped from a parade of prize win- classes: show when observers called of the ning college livestock before an audi- DAIRY DIVISION the 1949 Little American Royal one ence of students and visitors to a in history. (Dairy Club) of the best highly competitive contest. honors this year Grand Champion Showman-John Grand champion Shortly after the turn of the cen- went to Wilk of Clearwater and Wilk, Clearwater. John tury, students at Kansas State began Eugene Brinkman of Coffeyville. Reserve Champion Showman-Don showing and parading show stock be- Wilk was grand champion showman Hopkins, Clearwater. longing to the college which had been in the dairy club division while Ayrshire champion-Dwight Hull, exhibited at the International Live- Brinkman captured top honors for El Dorado. stock Show in Chicago. A parade, the animal husbandry division. Ayrshire cows-Dale Gigstad, Ef- Anderson hall before the en- Don Hopkins, Clearwater, took the passing fingham; Ayrshire heifers-Dwight tire student body, was the beginning reserve champion award for the dairy Hull, El Dorado. of what has developed into a highly division while Norman Johnson, Ben- Jersey champion John Wilk, organized fitting and showing con- - dena, was reserve champion showman Clearwater. test for students at Kansas State. in animal husbandry. Jersey cows - Kenneth Carson, Ribbons and prizes also went to The first actual fitting and show- Hartford, Ky.; Jersey heifers-John was in 1924 when fifty- some twenty other competitors who ing contest Wilk, Clearwater. animals were winners in their respectiVe two students drew for the Guernsey champion-Clint Jacobs, show was nearly classes. event. This year's Holton. Highlights of the activities during double the size of the 1924 event in Guernsey cows-Clint Jacobs, Hol- the show included the presentation numbers of contestants. ton; Guernsey heifers-Lloyd Hersh- of the little king and queen of the The first Little Royal had only the berger, Newton. event. Chosen by student partici- animal husbandry division but by Holstein champion-Don Hopkins, pants in the Little Royal, the reigning 1926 the dairy division was added. Clearwater. monarchs were presented to the audi- The dairymen were the first to actu- Holstein cows - Don Hopkins, ence and crowned by Dean R. I. ally fit and show college animals since Clearwater; Holstein heifers - Bill Throckmorton of the School of Agri- the original animal husbandry show Collins, Columbus. did not include the fitting and show- culture. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DIVISION three years old, ing work. In 1929, however, the The rulers, both (Block and Bridle club) were Cindy Griggs and Mike Mc- Block and Bridle club, co-sponsors of Carty. Both Cindy and Mike are the event with the Dairy Club, put Grand Champion Showman - Coffeyville. children of K-State ag students who their part of the show on a similar Eugene Brinkman, were entered in the show. basis with that of the dairymen. Reserve Champion Showman - Trophies were presented to the Eleven days were first allotted for (Continucd on page 36) 20 All these and many more engineered for the

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21 Select your mounting and Old Wild West Changed by Three Men stone . . . Who Invented Barbed Wire Have It Mounted by REED'S By CHARLES GLENN of one continuous strand of wire about which shorter lengths were Three men went to an Illinois twisted, and metal barbs were placed A good choice, honest value county fair. What they saw at the on each side of the fence at the point fair grew until it was big enough to of junction of the shorter wires. change Texas and the whole west. It was at the fair that the men got their The last of the three to get a patent ideas for barbed wire. was Kennedy. His invention was Within five months after the three concerned mostly with barbs to be at- men had viewed the exhibit at the tached to plain wire, mainly on fences fair, they had each made application already up. for a patent on their version of barbed Before machines were invented it wire. It was in 1873 that Joseph was an interesting sight to watch Glidden, Jacob Haish, and Isaac Ell- Glidden manufacture fence. One wood saw what the inventor, Henry workman would climb to the top of M. Rose, described as a "Wooden a windmill tower with a bucket of Strip with Metallic Points.".. It was barbs. Another would follow him this crude, unpractical barbed strip with a strand of wire. The workers that gave the men their ideas for would string barbs on the strand of barbed wire. wire, the barb sliding down the wire, QUALITY Glidden's patent, No. 157,124, was across the street and into a building. There the wire was greased to hold is many things the most important barbed wire patent. It was the first patent applied the barbs in place until they could be you cannot see . . . for by the three Illinois inventors. pinched tight to secure them. After Glidden's barbed wire was the easiest this the wire was wound with a second 4 C's that determine a to make and proved to be the most strand. diamond's value popular from the start. Almost all By the time barbed wire was seven the barbed wire now in use is pat- years old it began to change Texas. Color terned after Glidden's invention. The People laughed when they heard Cut barb is bent around one of the strands about a wire that could protect itself. Clarity of wire, then two strands are twisted Selling barbed wire in Texas became together to hold the barb in place. big business. One salesman, to prove Carat Weight Haish patented an attachment to the strength of barbed wire, put up be placed on rail fences already built. a fence in San Antonio's Alamo Plaza. It would be quite difficult to He patented an invention consisting Then he invited all the cattlemen who ascertain a stone's true value when it is mounted. Dia- mond experts generally grade diamonds when loose or un- mounted.

A Reed diamond . . .

is a quality diamond . . . a loose diamond. REED'S TIME SHOP SOSNA THEATRE BLDG. AGGIEVILLE

Few students in agriculture may recognize these pieces as barbed wire in its growing stage. Picture through courtesy of Dr., Hurley Fellows, KSC.

22 had laughed at his claims to bring on their meanest longhorns. The fence itself had attracted much attention Make Our Flowers and when people heard it was sup- LISTED IN posed to stop longhorns many gath- ered to watch the fun. Your Habit DUNCAN There wasn't any fun except for HINES' the salesman. The longhorns were run into the corral. They bumped "Adventures in Good into the fence several times, bounced back, shook themselves, snorted and Eating" then gave it plenty of room. The CORSAGES salesman had proved his point. Cattle raising had to change as the prairies became lined with fences. After trail drives were fenced off ANNIVERSARY FLOWERS cattlemen had to ship stock to market whether they liked it or not. Towns liked it, for a herd of wild cattle going down main street was rather disturb- GIFTS FOR ALL ing. Hotel Gillett Trouble broke loose in Texas as more fences began to appear. Where there were people who wanted fences Dining Room and put them up there were those who didn-t want fences and tore them down. There were complaints of MARGARET'S You'll Like the Food land-grabbing. The general land of- and the Service fice conducted a series of investiga- Flowers & Gifts tions in 1884 and found 32 cases of Aggieville Phone 3314 illegal fencing. One enclosure con- tained 600 thousand acres, another forty townships, and one cattleman had 250 miles of fence. Sometimes people were completely surrounded by fence and couldn't get out unless they cut their way. There was much fence cutting in resentment against being shut out of free grazing. Until 1884 fence-cutting was not a crime so there was no legal way a ranchman could defend himself. The ranchers took the law into their own hands and formed associa- tions to guard themselves against fence cutters. A condition of civil war resulted and the state was forced to restore order. In 1884 the neces- sary laws making fence-cutting a felony were passed providing pen- alties for fencing public lands with- out authority, requiring that public roads be left open and gates placed every three miles, and in other ways regulating the fencing of the land. Rangers were sent out after fence- cutters and fence-cutting soon ceased. Barbed wire had fought its battle and IT PAYS TO KNOW WHAT YOU SOW! won over open range and free grass. Years of scientific breeding and testing plus Barbed wire changed cattle raising careful field and seed inspection are your in more ways than marketing. Breeds assurance of high yield and superior quality could be kept fences, true with cattle when you plant Kansas Certified Seed. could be handled easier and kept from straying. The old gun-toting cowboy THE KANSAS CROP IMPROVEMENT ASSN disappeared. Manhattan, Kansas

23 Better Farmers Coming Up boys who are studying vocational ag- riculture in the public secondary schools. These schools operate under Future Farmers Organization Shows the provisions of the National Voca- tional Education Act in those states Healthy Growth in Recent Years where separate schools are maintained for Negroes. This organization is similar to the Future Farmers of By WAYNE DOLL who are members of the F.F.A. and America. N.F.A. Accompanying the healthy growth Farmers of America and Future Students of vocational agriculture of the F.F.A. and N.F.A., there has of America have every New Farmers those who are receiving train- been an increasing number of farm their sponsor organiza- include right to thank ing under the nation-wide federally and civic organizations, individuals, the Future Farmers of America tion, aided program of systematic instruc- corporations, and business concerns Incorporated, for its help Foundation, tion in agriculture and farm mechan- which have become enthusiastic sup- support during the last year. and ics of less than college grade. This porters of these farm youth organiza- This "father" incorporation presented program is conducted in tions. Many commercial concerns thousand dollars in instructional over fifty-four public schools or classes for those per- have cooperated by providing sub- and prizes to members of the awards sons over 14 years of age, "who have stantial prizes and awards for deserv- over forty-five hundred F.F.A. and entered upon or who are preparing ing students of vocational agriculture to the members of the N.F.A. dollars to enter upon the work of the farm and members of the Future Farmers The Future Farmers of America or the farm home." This is under a of America and New Farmers of Incorporated, was estab- Foundation, plan of cooperation between state America. These boys must have and is the national lished in 1944, boards for vocational education and achieved outstanding ability in voca- foundation for students and former the U. S. Office of Education. tional agriculture and supervised students of vocational agriculture. The Future Farmers of America is farming activities. They recognize It was organized to provide business, the interdependence of agriculture farm and civic organiza- the national organization of, by, and industry, vocational agricul- and business and realize that business tions, and individuals with an oppor- for boys studying These organizations are found and industry cannot prosper indefi- tunity to make financial contribu- ture. public secondary schools which nitely without a successful agricul- tions for the stimulation of worthy in under the provisions of the ture. Consequently, any financial achievements by students and former operate National Vocational Education Act. support given for the development of students of vocational agriculture farmers is regarded as It is an educational, non-profit, non- better trained political farm youth organization of good business. voluntary membership, designed to By incorporating, the F.F.A. has IT'S THE develop agricultural leadership, char- a more uniform program of contests acter, thrift, scholarship, cooperation, and activities since it allows all or- citizenship, and patriotism. Its mem- ganizations, corporations, individuals, CAMPUS bers learn through participation how and business concerns which wish to to conduct and take part in public cooperate to do so. They do so with- BOOK meetings, to speak in public, and to out the necessity of establishing and assume civic responsibility. The sponsoring additional activities on a STORE F.F.A. is an extracurricular part of nation-wide basis. vocational education in agriculture The following types of projects or for all College in the public school system of Amer- activities are representative of those ica. which are now or may later be spon- Books and Supplies The New Farmers of America is a sored by the foundation: national organization of Negro farm 1. F.F.A. and N.F.A. public speak- PLUS- that friendly college atmosphere we know you'll like Riley County Abstract Company ABSTRACTS OF TITLE Insurance Notary Public

CAMPUS J. F. MUSIL W. W. JUSTUS, '42 Bonded Abstracters BOOK STORE 103 N. 4th St. Dial 2041

24 HIDES WOOL FURS

SHEEP PELTS

Next year's FFA officers receive congratulations from Paul Lindholm, 1st vice-president of the national organization of FFA and by Virginia Osborn, past president of the Future Homemakers of America. Kansas Hide &

ing contests. ects this year. The amount of other Wool Co. 2. Star STATE and MODERN awards will depend upon the future farmer awards. winners of the various contests and 2nd and Osage 3. American farmer and superior activities. MANHATTAN, KANSAS farmer awards. Norris Maydew of Lebanon and 4. Farm mechanics awards. William G. Schrock of Kiowa were 5. Farm electrification awards. recipients of last year's American 6. Farm improvement' awards. Farmer degrees, which represents the 7. Farm home improvement highest achievement of members of awards. the F.F.A. 8. State initiated projects-pur- Not only should members of F.F.A. chase of machinery, equipment and N.F.A. feel grateful for the work appliances, registered animals, of the Future Farmers of America certified seed, etc. Foundation, Incorporated, but the 9. Livestock and other judging whole nation should salute this or- contests. ganization which is giving benefits 10. Establishment of f a r g min to all. awards through a guaranteed loan plan. FACTORY Kansas has at the present approxi- The shortest possible unit of time AUTHORIZED mately five thousand F.F.A. mem- that scientists have discovered is that ALL LEADING MAKES bers and will receive over four hun- between the turn of the light to green dred dollars for state initiated proj- and the honk of the horn behind you. The world's leading peso makers have made ns t authorized service stati THE Genuine parts and fadesyl Kansas Poultry Improvement Association trained service on Parkes,1 MANHATTAN, KANSAS Sheaffer, Evereharp and aN "Working to Improve Kansas Poultry" other makes. OFFICIAL STATE AGENCY mayi Authorized by the Bureau of Animal In- A small adjustment quickly put your pen in parr dustry, U. S. D. A. to supervise Poultry feet condition. Bring it is Improvement work in Kansas under the today! NATIONAL POULTRY IMPROVE- MENT PLAN. Ask Your County Agent Palace Drug Store U. S. D. A. Miscellaneous Publication No. 300 Gives the Plan in Detail. Aggieville

25 WE FRAME PICTURES

200 Molding Samples to Choose from

We make frames and mats to fit the individual picture.

A Milling student, Dave Ward, examines the latest equipment for washing wheat and removing small stones.

KANSAS STATE MILL As part of the program to modern- Aggie Hardware (Continued from page 4) ize facilities for student training, a new pilot baking plant was set up machines were loaned with the about a year ago. In the bakery, thought in mind that as & Electric Co. new develop- students get practical experience in G. W. GIVIN ments were made in a machine the operating commercial baking equip- older model might subsequently be 1205 Moro Phone 2993 ment for the plant has a capacity replaced. When the full plan of equal to most small town commercial modernization is completed there will bakeries. The bakery contains over be machinery valued at approximate- twelve thousand dollars worth of new ly 40 thousand dollars. equipment and makes it possible to Finances for the remodeling have carry on research with flour and come from several sources. The Kan- dough quantities used in commercial SUITS BY sas Legislature enabled work to start work. when they appropriated ten thousand The modernization of the college Society Brand dollars. The Millers National Feder- mill will give students at Kansas State Town ation helped still further when it gave Varsity a well rounded experience in the use Strathmore a grant of ten thousand. dollars to be of milling and baking equipment. used for research. Some of this money Added to this is the fact that it will has been used in the modernization enable new projects in research to be WEAR BY program. It is SPORTS essential that addi- carried out at the college. tional funds be secured by the mill- McGregor ing department or it will be unable to continue the installation of the The Maine hen that laid 303 eggs SHIRTS - Arrow machinery which has already been in a year must believe that a cackle given. a day keeps the hatchet away.

SHOES BY Florsheim KANSAS HYBRIDS ASSN. Bostonian Allen Edmonds Seed Stocks Grown in Kansas Winthrop FOR KANSAS ADAPTED HYBRIDS Please write for information on "HOW TO GROW YOUR OWN HYBRID SEED CORN" Seed available for the 1949 planting season K 2234, K 2275 white, K 4, popcorn, U. S. 13, K 1585, K 1583, K 1639, K 1784 yellow The Store for Men and Women Phone 5358 Manhattan, Kansas

26 a NEW WHITE ROCK STRAIN Corn Wireworm Dangerous Threat (Continued from page 17) be more suitable for crosses with New To Corn Crops Throughout Kansas Hampshires. Kansas White Rock males when bred to New Hampshire By C. R. PILCHER than to listed corn. It feeds on weed females will then give all Silver Co- seeds when there is no lumbian chicks while New Hamp- Some insects get away with any- corn to feed on. It will not attack, shire males when bred to White Rock thing. The adults are the demons in however, leg- umes or sorghums. Wireworm in- females will give Silver Columbian some cases and the larvae in others. festation is usually worse in corn males and red females. Crossing at About 75 percent of all the known planted on land present without pure color patterns kinds of living animals are insects. that has been grassy a year or two before corn is will not give a uniform group of off- Between 600,000 and 700,000 dif- planted. It requires 3 years for the wire- spring. The reason for doing this is ferent kinds have been discovered, worm to complete its life Al- the increased demand for broiler properly named, and described. The cycle. falfa is a good crop to aid getting stock. The New Hampshire is now number of kinds that are probably in rid of the worm. the most popular broiler breed, and living in all parts of the world is The wireworm can outnumbers other pure breeds in variously estimated at from be controlled 2,500,000 by sowing sweet Kansas. It is desirable to have the to 10,000,000 with the probability clover or some other legume on the land 2 years prior to Rocks pure for color patterns so they favoring the latter figure as the more planting to corn, can be crossed with New Hampshires nearly correct. potatoes or straw- berries. DDT at the rate of 250 lbs. to produce chicks uniform in color. According to Prof. H. R. Bryson per acre can be used on During the past three of the entomology department, the small areas. years nearly It is too expensive for Kansas because 150 thousand eggs have been sold to corn wireworm is one of the most the corn yield is too small. hatcheries in Kansas and harmful insects in which the young Soil con- more than ditions should be one-half of the other states. do the dirty work. right before plant- In addi- ing. May 1 is generally the best time tion to eggs a large number of breed- The adult of the wireworm is the to plant corn. It should be planted ing cockerels have been sold. click beetle. It is known for its abil- in shallow furrows. ity to snap into the air when placed One project now underway is to False wireworms should be distin- establish an on its back. This is accomplished by inbred line of the Kansas guished from the true striking the base of the wing covers wircworm. The Strain of White. Rocks. This is prob- former causes damage to wheat in ably against the It is a very unique among inbreds be- ground. hard, Western Kansas. smooth, streamlined, narrow beetle cause of their crossbred origin. mostly brownish or blackish in color. It is attracted to lights in the sum- mer. Professor Bryson says this native grass insect became a pest when the Education grasslands of Kansas were plowed up by Protection and planted to annual crops. The pest did no appreciable damage to Protect your chances for using your education by prac- plants on the prairie because insect ticing safety during your advanced study of the business population was not as great then as of farming. now. Since many of the plants were perennial, they recovered from the Farming is a business, and as a business it brings many temporary injury. Annuals belong- of the hazards of an industrial occupation. That fact must ing to the grass family do not re- always be considered. Safety practices of the farm can cover so readily. prevent the annual average of 6,000 farm work accidents. The wireworm is brownish to The Kansas Agricultural orange and cylindrical in shape. It student can learn while still in feeds on roots, tubers and germinat- college to make the most of farm safety practices. ing seeds. It attacks corn seeds which are planted under unfavorable ger- minating conditions such as cold, wet soil. Most wireworms in Kansas do greatest injury to corn planted in early spring or on low, wet soils of bottomlands. Another way in which it attacks the corn plant is by boring FARM BUREAU MUTUAL into the lower part of the corn stalk at the node where the permanent INSURANCE COMPANY roots come off. It attacks wheat in Manhattan, Kansas the same manner. This rogue of the cornfield does more damage to surface planted corn 27 treatment of large areas SKIES RAIN DEATH ly ready to harvest, and were disap- Thorough pests (Continued from page 9) pointed in the results. Operators, to prevents the spread of from field avoid misunderstandings and resent- to field. If a community can keep crops, and fects on cattle that eat the ment directed upon them, should tell an operator busy for an entire season, meat and live- on people who eat the farmers what to expect under these everybody benefits. More of the with sprayed stock products produced conditions. Big weeds will not fall money spent stays in the community. still are not fully known. feed crops down, but if harvesting is delayed The operator will do a more thorough Smith warns, the For this reason, Dr. for one to three weeks after spraying and conscientious job for friends and or dusts is promiscuous use of sprays to give them time to dry out, they neighbors than he will for strangers. of these dangerous. Manufacturers will cause much less trouble in har- A barnstormer is tempted to zip that there is no resi- chemicals report vesting. through a community so he can get due left either on the plants or in the Sometimes when broad-leaf plants to the next one (which usually looks soil after three weeks when applied at more lush) before some other char- recommended rates. Neither do they are sprayed with the same equipment 2,4-D entire acter beats him to it. This, like affect the germination of seed wheat that previously handled orchards or crops are destroyed. For proper dosage and methods, is an edu- if properly used. cational problem. in this reason, equipment which has Flight operators experienced Some observers are worried at the wheat spraying, agronomists, and en- handled an herbicide should be hot soapsuds prospect of incomplete kills of weeds tomologists have some warnings for thoroughly cleaned with before using or insects acting through mass selec- those contempalting the Big Spray. and activated charcoal still, tion to produce strains of these pests W. H. Phillips, USDA, warned for any other purpose. Better according to Mr. Riss, use separate which are genetically immune to against the "spray any time" attitude herbicides and insecticides. They opera- tanks for herbicides and insecticides. that many farmers and flight point out that flies have become im- tors developed after seeing good re- He warned particularly against wooden tanks, which absorb chem- mune or nearly so to DDT in some sults from their sprays in a single areas. an exceptional one icals and are extremely difficult if year, and that This danger is discounted both by of weather and not impossible to render safe. from the standpoint Prof. Zahn ley and Dr. Smith. It is that sprays be ap- Weed, and especially insect, con- weeds. He urges believed by Prof. Zahn ley that such a times and dos- trol is far more effective if applied plied only at proven process would be so slow that the some to entire communities than if only ages. He reports that farmers problem could be met when it arose patches here and there are treated. delayed spraying until grain was near- with new and better herbicides which, he feels, will be developed. Dr. Smith reports that the immu- nity of flies to DDT is transitory, fading after a single generation has not been exposed to it. Using a vari- ety of insecticides such as chlordane, toxaphene, and benzene hexachloride will keep insects so confused that any acquired or genetic immunity to one will be offset by their susceptibility to another. It would seem that crop pests are in for a hard time in '49.

Kansas has between 15,000 and 18,000 species of insects within its borders. The number of species in ARMOUR Kansas which are harmful to the in- terests of man is relatively small. AND COMPANY Control efforts to protect crops or domestic animals are not ordinarily necessary for more than perhaps 100 species. About 75 percent of all the financial loss to the people of Kansas from insects is usually narrowed With graduation just around the corner, you're down to not more than fifteen or . . . looking for your job looking to the future twenty species. with a future.

Whatever your interests might be . . . live- stock buying, processing or sales . . . laboratory Beginning in September, 1942, a research . . . foods and nutrition . . . Armour new 2-year course in industrial tech- offers college graduates many fine openings. We nology was invite you to visit any of our plants. Stop in and offered at Kansas State get a first-hand picture of the many excellent College to prepare technical supervi- job opportunities with Armour and Company. sory personnel for war industries.

28 This happy realization of a father's dream is being painted proudly on barns all over the land. In spite of the lure of the city and the appeal of exciting new occupations, more and more farm boys are sticking with the land.

Fondling plump kernels of number one grain at harvest time . . . topping the market with a load of sleek, fat steers-these and other farm thrills are hard to match. The miracle of germination and growth in the Spring, the fellowship of good neighbors, and the independence that comes from being your own boss, all combine to make farming not merely a way of earning a living, but a satisfying way of life. In years gone by, back-breaking labor and spirit-dulling drudgery sent thousands of young folks scurrying off to easier jobs in the city. Today, it's a different story. Power equipment shortens the working day and saves much of the muscle work that used to be a part of farming. It reduces the weather hazard, slashes production costs, and helps to make farming a more stable and profitable business. Yes, modern power equipment is helping more and more of our young folks make up their minds to stay on the farm. One of the best omens that better things are in store for our agriculture and our nation is the addition of two heart-warming words to farm names on thousands of barns-"AND SON"!

JOHN DEERE MOLINE ILLINOIS

29 RATS POPULATE NATION'S FARMS (Continued from page 7) e-ae 904 ea feweote, Hart farms in the United States. On the basis of two rats to each of the 30 DIAMONDS million people living on farms, a gov- Schaffner WATCHES, JEWELRY ernment survey shows that this would make the annual loss occasioned by & Marx stone set each rat close to $1 which is probably BRACELETS filigree a conservative but dependable figure. identification What steps should be taken to watch arrest this appalling damage by the BOTANY rat each year, one might ask. Many 500 Elgin American Compacts suggestions are offered by the Fish and Cigarette Sets and Wildlife Service of the U. S. De- partment of the Interior, which is Waldemar Chains, Knives, primarily KNOX HATS concerned with this prob- Cravats, Key Chains lem. Successful procedures of rat con- Silverware - Holloware trol include: Rat proofing farm buildings and the use of poisons. JARMAN SHOES Electric Clocks A rat-proof farm, it is pointed out, is not necessarily one in which the Use our lay-away plan entire farmstead is absolutely proofed, but rather one where conditions are so unfavorable for any invading rats that they either will desert the prem- ises of their own accord or may be Paul Dooley, Jeweler easily routed by man or dogs. 309 Poyntz We Aggieville We Another important step is to see Engrave Repair that all sources of food are protected from the rat. Cribs and other places of feed storage must be rat-proofed. Haystacks and strawstacks should be kept at some distance from buildings. In general, rat-proofing can be ac- complished by the following pro- cedures: Education and Insurance 1. Close all breaks, cracks, pipe openings, vents or other openings in For Your Future the foundations with concrete, or sheet metal. Education prepares the Kansas Agricultural student for 2. If a building has no founda- the Future. tions, or one less than 18 inches high, Life insurance helps to give the student the same prep- put hardware cloth down in the aration for the future. Life insurance as a companion in ground to a depth of two or three the Kansas Agricultural student's life can give the pro- feet entirely around the buildings. tection and security that all men seek in life. The buried edge of the cloth should Education does not stop with graduation. It continues be bent at right angles away from throughout life. The protection and security you find in the building. Kansas Farm Life Insurance also continues through life. 3. Screen all drains and sewers. Your FUTURE can be PLANNED for SECURITY. 4. Place hardware cloth around outside corners of outside buildings, as this is a common place of entrance. 5. Repair doors, windows, and other places where rats have made entrance holes. KANSAS FARM LIFE Repellents of many kinds also have been suggested, but, as they dissipate INSURANCE COMPANY rapidly, their use is limited to small Farm Bureau Building 417 Humboldt St. confined spaces, and even there they must be replenished constantly. Manhattan, Kansas Furthermore, it is concluded, they bring about no decrease in the rat population.

30 / Harvesting wheat-a Self-Propel lel "Powerflow Drive" Harvestor Strengthening the Basis of Our Economy...

The American standard of living is a tangible monument We have many obligations to discharge if we are to to the progress of free men. In no other country, in any maintain the pace of progress and strengthen the basis of age, have people enjoyed all the rights, privileges and our economy. We must conserve our natural resources so benefits which we in this country now take for granted. that our children and our children's children will not face We can point with pride to the accomplishments of this want, social unrest, and an uncertain future. great nation, but we must also accept these rights and Food, clothing and shelter are derived from the soil. benefits as a responsibility that none of us can shirk Without these products of the soil, the wheels of industry without inviting trouble. would cease to turn; business would suffer; the economic The industry and ingenuity, the cooperation and team- welfare of the nation would deteriorate; and unemploy- work of American labor and management, the American ment with its bitter consequences would again haunt many system of free enterprise-these things made possible-our American homes. present standard of living, which is the envy of the world. These qualities, or attributes, of the American way of MM Builds Quality Modern Machines life are secure to us and our posterity only as long as we Minneapolis-Moline takes pride in providing quality continue to exercise vigilantly and diligently our responsi- machines for agricultural America . . . machines planned bilities in a democracy. Elsewhere in the world, these re- and designed by Minneapolis-Moline engineers to equip sponsibilities would not be considered a disagreeable obliga- progressive farmers to cut costs and to eliminate drudgery tion but a welcomed privilege. The exercise of our franchise so that they may utilize the potential possibilities of . . . to vote the willingness to do more than is expected . . - modern methods of agriculture . . . more faithfully dis- the cooperativeness to give ground at personal sacrifice for charge their stewardship over one of our most important the common good of all mankind . . . the ingenuity to over- basic natural resources-our soil. To this end we rededicate come apparently insurmountable obstacles-these are but our skill, our experience, our knowledge, our deep-rooted practical applications of the golden rule which will secure regard for quality. This we do with some pride, of course; the continuation of the blessings of our free enterprise but more so with the humble feeling that we are but ful- system and democracy. filling our responsibility to those we serve.

MINNEAPOLIS 1, MINNEAPOLIS-MOLINE MINNESOTA

Seeding wheat with a Moline-Monitor Drill Planting corn and fertilizing too Cultivating checkrowed corn 4 rows at a time 1

31 ISOTOPE RESEARCH (Continued from page 11) Hey diagnostically to distinguish thyroid Welcome diseases from other conditions that ap- pear similar. Heaviest concentrations to the FELLOWS of radioactive iodine appear in regions of overactivity in the thyroid gland. The gland is sensitive to the radia- Sosna Theatre NEED A tions of radioactive iodine and if it is BOOK administered in the proper dose it may be used to destroy overactive tissue. in or Hyperthyroidism has been treated in the past by surgical removal of the A PENNANT Aggieville gland, a difficult and hazardous or a operation. Now with the use of radioactive iodine the treatment is GISMO just as effective and much less dan- Continuous shows every day for that gerous. from 1 p. m. Phone----2990 Because of its selective uptake in Lab? bone and rapidly growing tissue, radioactive phosphorus has been used Admission 12c and 50c in the treatment of various hemato- logic dysfunction and malignant neoplastic diseases. Some of the ad- vantages are its easiness to administer, We present a major first run College Book its easiness to be controlled, and its attraction every Thursday thru selectivity of concentration. Saturday and Sunday through Store In addition to therapeutic applica- Wednesday. Nearest the College tions of radioactive isotopes, there are possibilities for more diagnostic pro- cedures. Labeled bromine, when in- troduced intravenously into rabbit, will indicate spots of infection by concentrating at the point of abcess. The concentrations may be located by a Geiger-counter. A Voice for The functions of other elements in the body, such as iron, cobalt, and copper, have been clarified by the use Organized Agriculture of radioactive isotopes, whereby ordi- nary procedures may have never dis- covered them. Scientists look for- Farmers can protect agriculture's historic tradition of ward to new strides in this field with for it promises to freedom and independence, and they can bring about great anticipation, nation's reveal even more important discov- national farm policies that will preserve the eries. greatest source of wealth-the soil-for the welfare of future generations. SCIENTISTS DISCOVER Acting as individuals, farmers have comparatively little (Continued from page 1 5 ) influence. Acting together in the best interests of the colostrum on farms is wasted. In nation, they are a powerful force! some places colostrum is frozen and preserved, but this is rather an ex- pensive process. Yet, if a cow fresh- ens and you have an excess of colos- trum, it would pay to substitute it for milk being fed to other calves. Colos- trum fed to calves is just that much KANSAS more normal milk that can go in the can. Some have questioned the possibil- FARM BUREAU ity of colostrum causing scours. Ex- periments so far show that colostrum neither caused nor prevented scours.

32 Corn Growing There's No Substitute OF COURSE Moves into Ice Everybody likes to see a clean for a Good (white) face, but the Do-re-me Box for Testing is important throughout life- PHOTOGRAPH before and after taking school- Tests on corn growing in refrigera- ing. The Best is none too good tion are being conducted by the Uni- for any Ag graduate. versity of Wisconsin. Germination tests on hybrid corn breeding and In beef cattle, it is Angus, the seed stock are now in process in dis- Everyone should have winner in Interbreed slaughter ease infested soil at constant low one on hand for any tests at Chicago for the past temperature of approximately 50 de- forty (40) years-the greatest grees F. eventuality. In a 10 by 12 ft. refrigerator two success story of modern times. USDA corn pathologists have been In Kansas the tops are Beef- able to nearly simulate the conditions maker Angus. Come see us any under which corn must frequently germinate on Wisconsin farms. In time. cold soils, soil-borne seedling diseases thrive, and have a destructive hey- day while the cold-susceptible corn C. E. hybrid has no chance. Reed These men are not just testing 4114 East Central Ave. hybrids; they are breeding new hy- Studio Royal Wichita, Kansas brids that will give prompt germina- Phones: Res. 68313, Farm 53868 tion, good stands, and vigorous seed- 1200 Moro Dial 3434 ling growth in cold soils. It is hard work to combine in one strain the many qualities required in a good hybrid-adaptation as to soil and climate, diseases, insect resistance, high yield of grain and fodder and good keeping qualities. It takes about ten years to develop a new strain. Due to the installa- Kansas Wheat Products tion of a new and larger refrigerator to permit more accurate testing for cold resistance, new possibilities have World Famous opened in the Wisconsin corn breed- ing program. Wisconsin corn hybrids now in commercial production have an en- Top Varieties-Pawnee, Comanche, Wichita viable reputation which should be Good Production and Handling Operations enhanced as promising new hybrid lines are developed. In fact it is pre- Excellent Milling and Baking Methods dicted that within four to seven years, most of the corn hybrids now grown Have given them an Enviable Reputation in Wisconsin will be obsolete. LET'S RETAIN IT An experienced junior says ciga- rettes are like girls. They come packed. They get lit, hang on your lips, make you puff, go out unexpectedly, leave a bad taste in your mouth-yet they satisfy. Kansas Wheat Improvement

Professor (sternly) : "When the Association room settles down I will begin the lecture." Manhattan, Kansas Student: "Why don't you go home and sleep it off."

33 good roughage produced in the state, Hardy Sheep Alive centrally located sheep markets and SECURITY NOW good transportation facilities. Tak- ing these facts into consideration Full Service Policy After Two Weeks Kansas is the promised land for lamb feeding. Reduction in Rates Up to six years ago, Colorado was Since July 1 Buried Under Snow at the top of the list in this category. Kansas has risen from the ranks and SEE your State Farm agent has been first the last five years out By MALCOLM COLDWELL today! He can tell you why of six. Perhaps this is an indication Sheep living for two weeks buried of what is yet to come. all Insurance is NOT alike... by snow? It is not impossible. Ac- This hardy creature is fast becom- why State Farm Mutual cording to Prof. Rufus Cox, of the ing another indication of Kansas' rise Automobile Insurance is Animal Husbandry department at to prominence. best for you. Get the facts Kansas State, this has happened sev- eral times. In the recent blizzards today, tomorrow may be many sheep which struck Kansas, KANSAS HYBRIDS SUPERIOR too late. were the snow and excavated from (Continued from page 6) found alive. LIFE INSURANCE natural winter Most of these hybrids were not as Sheep with their adapted open pol- hardiness plus their thick wool coat productive as our SURE In 1939, the corn stand hibernation beneath the snow linated varieties. We have one of the best testing program, under the leader- very well. Their preference is to ship of A. L. Clapp and R. W. Jugen- remain outdoors and they should be heimer, was greatly expanded to de- allowed to do so except in the worst termine which of these hybrids be- Geo. F. C. Hoerner weather. The one exception is that might be of value AGENT during lambing time the ewe should coming available in Kansas. This work showed that National Bank-Room 20 be brought in. Although it would Union several hybrids, including US 13, Iii. PHONE 3039 not injure her it is dangerous to the 200, and US 35, were generally supe- lamb. A ewe that is comfortable rior to our open pollinated varieties. will not move but in the meantime is to note that one- the lamb will freeze. It of interest The Industrialist, official college fourth the parentage of each of these newspaper of Kansas State College, Kansas is an up and coming lamb hybrids consists of inbreds developed means we must was established April 24, 1875. feeder state. This in Kansas, though the hybrids were protect our lambs. There are very first produced and tested elsewhere. few states which can equal the ad- About this same time, intensive If all college students who slept in vantages of Kansas in lamb feeding. work got under way toward getting class were placed end to end, they A few of these advantages are a dry, Kansas inbreds and a few outstanding would be much more comfortable. cold climate which sheep thrive on, inbreds from other states into hybrid combinations specifically adapted to Kansas. It was soon found that bet- ter hybrids could be made by using two or three, and in one case four, Kansas inbreds in double crosses. K1585 and K1583 each are made up of three Kansas inbreds and one In- diana inbred. K2234 is wholly made up from Kansas inbreds out of Pride of Saline variety. K1639 and K1784, of about the same maturity as US 13, both have one-half Kansas lines in their parentage. This probably ex- plains their adaptation in both Kansas and Missouri. Nurse (to young man attempting to enter hospital nursery) : "You can't go in there. You're not sterile." Pappy: "You're telling me."

A good story teller is a person who has a good memory and hopes others Third place winner in the As Photo contest went to Charles Stevenson of Manhattan with this shot. haven't. 34 INSIDE STORY OF THE

You simply unroll it and there it is ... a thick, soft, leafy carpet of hay. The leaves are still on the stems. The natural protein and color are still there. Livestock show a preference immediately. Roto-Baling is the new art of packaging hay or straw. The farmer pictured at left is showing how it is properly done. Wide double windrows cure fast and make the best rolled bales. (And you travel only 1/2 as far per bale.) The ONE MAN ROTO-BALER, for the first time, makes possible home ownership of your own machine. You can save your crop the hour it is ready. Once hay is in the rolled bale, you can breathe easy, for it sheds rain like a thatched roof. ROTO-BALING is setting new standards for preserving hay quality.

Double windrows are easily made by reversing direction of raking. Ideal for the job is the new POWER DRIVEN air-tired Allis- Chalmers Side Delivery Rake and Tedder, with selective reel speeds. It steers true, makes straight, airy LLIS CHAILIVIER.!) windrows. R P..DIVISION MILWAUKEE 1, U. S. A.

35 This experience we have gained will prove valuable no matter what line of work we pursue after graduation. The Last Word We are indebted to those who made these responsibilities possible for us and regret that more could not par- ticipate. As for the success of this year's issues, we will let you decide! We `Help Wanted' Rag Ries at Half tried to increase the number and qual- ity of illustrations. A different head style was initiated. The magazine's Mast as 146 Ags Graduate size increased due to more copy and advertisements. The staff would like to extend been acceptable for many desir- By ASST. DEAN C. W. MULLEN have their appreciation to the departmental able jobs will encounter the competi- reporters and those we have called The "Help Wanted" sign is no tion of college-trained men. upon as special writers. We also want longer flying at full-mast for college Competition will be keenest among to thank Professor Macy for his time- graduates. men having the bachelor's degree. In ly advice during the year. A year ago at this time, nearly future years, it may be that the per- in Personally, I wish to thank the every prospective spring graduate centage who will be pursuing grad- was going. staff members for their good work, agriculture knew where he uate work will be larger than the 9 as many of them have had more Half of them were returning to farms percent who expect to take graduate journalism experience than I. To and ranches. Not so this year. work in agriculture this year. Per- conclude, I would like to say "Thank Dean Throckmorton has recently sons with higher degrees are always with 146 pro- You" to each who has contributed to completed interviews a preferred position. Colleges and in the success of the Ag Student. spective spring graduates. Connec- universities are placing more and tions after graduation have been made more emphasis upon advanced de- MELVIN COTNER, editor or are quite assured for 74 percent grees for staff members. of the group. Graduate work will If recession comes, it can be ex- be pursued by 9 percent of the grad- pected that service agencies to meet CHAMPION SHOWMEN uates. Only 10 percent were, at the the changed circumstances of farmers (Continued from page 20) middle of April, uncertain as to their will come into the picture to absorb Norman Johnson, Bendena. connection after May 31. the services of college-trained men Beef champion--Norman Johnson, graduates will A total of 29 of the in agriculture. Recession is not par- Bendena. farms or ranches. Soil Con- go to ticularly a happy situation to antici- Reserve Beef champion - Laurel servation Service will absorb 21 of the pate, but the fact remains, agricul- Sundgren, Lindsborg. young men; 20 will become teachers ture helps itself in times of adversity Angus lightweight steers-Norman will of vocational agriculture, and 10 by making better use of more of its Johnson, Bendena; Angus heifer to - go into commercial work related own trained men in agriculture. Nelson Stroud, Coffeyville; Short- agriculture. Others will be distrib- It is the plan of the School of Agri- horn heifers - Dale Gillan, Garden uted among extension work, on-the- culture to develop added services in City; Mixed heavyweight steers - farm training for veterans, warehouse connection with the placement of Larry Seaman, Wilmore; Mixed light- mis- examiners, milling industry and graduates who leave the campus with- weight steers-Frank Solomon, Yates positions. cellaneous out having made .a satisfactory con- Center; Hereford heifers - Trevor The fact that 24 graduates were nection. Placeinent cards are being Rees, Emporia; Mixed steers - Ray not placed April 15 is not serious. prepared _which will list the general Brock, Matfield Green; Mixed bulls Many out of that group will have qualifications and the sort of con- -James Drain, Yates Center; Mixed by made connections for employment nection graduates may desire. It is calves-Laurel Sundgren, Lindsborg. the end of May. hoped that in the future this card Horse champion - Mary MacCas- It would be surprising if, over a index may help locate the right man kill, Wichita. period of years, all agricultural grad- for the right job as openings come Draft mares - Mary MacCaskill, uates, or graduates in any field, might to light. Wichita; Light horses-Tom Morast, find positions ready and waiting for Kansas City, Kansas. them on the day of graduation. Hog champion-Bob Sayler, Man - We were reaching the point of Another Issue hittan. saturation in the two or three years Hampshire barrows - Me 1 v in before World War II. It becomes Bunge, Waverly; Duroc and Poland apparent now that in the future there Another Year China hogs-Bob Sayler, Manhattan. may be graduates in agriculture who Sheep champion-Eugene Brink- will not at once find a position to fit We ring the bell on another year man, Coffeyville. their training and expectations. with the Ag Student. This, the 24th Southdown ewes-Quentin Carna- If it comes to a surplus of college- year of publication, has proven to be han, Garrison; Shropshire-Miles Mc- trained graduates in agriculture, it is an educational one for all those con- Kee, Elmdale; Hampshire-Eugene likely that high school graduates who cerned in putting the magazine out. Brinkman, Coffeyville. 36