lSSN O912－7410

感熱 No．34 November1999 ＿ルだ軒軋ガr E尿 J〃rE月〃A770ⅣAエ エA∬E E〃yJ月0〃〟E〃T CO〟〟汀TEE FO【刑βdrJO〃

ForBetterLake Management‾ ThisNewsletterisalsoavailableinJapanese， WbrldLakeConference TheIbcusmovestoShigain2001

ScenesfromCopenhagen99 StheweatherturnSCOOler（atleast sLa11CeS，1ake developme11t，mOdelling，managementarerelatedtoproblems s11Ch inthenorthern hemisphel■e）and 1LeStOratlOnOflakes，trOPICaland temperateas citizens■invoIvement alld economic， A thehotdays ofsummerand the lakesandsustalnablemanagement，tOname socialand culturalissues．He was of the balmysprlngWeatherrecedeintomemory， butaveryfew・ OPlnionthatintegrationofscientificdisci itistemptlngtO氏）rgetSOmeOftheevents Plines was achieved to a considerable thatshapedtheyear・Wearepl■011etOlook 11abl、iefclosing summary Professor degree，butwhatwasnowneeded was an forward and sometimes forget to glVe J＠rgensen，Chairman of theILEC integrationofeconomic，SOCialandc111tural thingsthathappenedevenintheirnmediate Ⅰ ScientificCommittee．summedupwhat disciplines・Hefurtherstressed theimpor－ PaSttheirfu11recognltion・Inthiscasewe heconsidered to bethemessagefromthe tance ofeducation at alllevelsin this con－ aretalking abouttheLake99whichwas COnference．Hesaid thatto alargeextent textandtheneedtointeractwithNGOs． heldinMayinCopenhagen，・ lakescanbemanagedfromascientificand teclmicalpointofview，becauseweunder－ nthisissueofourNewsletterwetakea Statisticsneverte11thefu11story，butfol●the standhowlakesworkandwekl10Whow to bl・ieflook atsome of血e sessionslleld l■eCOrdwecan statethat457particIPantS monitor，mOdeland recover them．ThereⅠ during the Conference and also have from60countriesattended theoffLCialcon－ wereareasthatmuchmoreworkwasneed ardcleswrittenbyparticIPantS・Thefocus ference wllicllWaS held ovel■fourdays edandhehighllghtedtoxic substances as now moves to the next World （Withworkshopsandexcursionsbeforeahd onesucharea． Conferencewhichwi11beheldin Shigain after）andheardlectures andpresentatlOnS November，2001．Wehopeitwillbeassuc－ On SuCh diverse subjects as toxic sub He said【hatthemaJOrPrOblemsoflake cessfulasLake99．

・Lake99－Sessions ・IntroducingDianneDumanoski tN ・NGOWorkshopsatLake99 Biwako Prizeze TH］S ・LivingLakes ・Alookahead Useful websiteses ISSUE：諾昌認諾諾；；呈慧言霊emeeting ・LakesoftheWorld－Huvsgul， Lake99－Sessions

Salinisation：anlajorthreattowater Themanagementofsalinisationoffresb na11ca5eSWheres山mitybas11Sen，血e resollrCeSin arid aTLd semi－arid waters takes vario11S forms．Catchment PrlmaryCauSehasbeenthediversion reglOllS－W・β・耶ヱJ∫αm∫ managementisespeCia11yimportant（re－ Ⅰ Ofinflowing（fresh）rlVerSandstreamS forestatlOn，managementOfsallnedrainage forirrlgation andotherpurposes▲The 1mostone thirdofthe total1and water，CeSSatlOnOfremovalofnaturalveg－ effectsaremostclearlyillustratedbyrefer－ area of血e worldis semi打id or etatlOn）．Theloweringofwatertablesby encetotheAralSea．Here，thediversionof A arid（WithmeananntIalrainfa1lof thepumplngOfundergroundwaterisalso waterfromtheAmuandSyrTdaryaresulted 25mmto500mm）andinhabitedbyover i皿pOrta叫eSpeCiallylnirrlgatedreglOnS▲ infallingwater－1evels（and thusincreases 400millionpeople▲AmaJOrimpactof However，tbeproblemtbenisofwhereto insalinity），eXpOSureOfextensiveareasof increasinglmPOrtanCeOnWaterreSOurCeS disposeofthewaterpumpedfromunder－ thelakebed，adecreased watersurface insuchreglOnSissecondarysalinisation， ground・Onesolutionhasbeentoplaceitin area，anincreaseinthefrequencyofdust thatis，increasesinthe salinityofwaters so－Called‘evaporation’or‘re－Charge’ storms，andthesalinisatlOnOfsurrounding broughtaboutbyhllman aCtions・The basins．Thismayleadtosecondaryprob－ lands．Thecostshavebeenverylarge・The resultsareinvariablyadverseandpractlCal一 1emssuchastheaccumulatlOnOftoxicele－ fisherycollapsed；theextensivearchlPelago 1ylrreVerSible・Whilsttheseimpacts are ments（e・g・Selenium）andis，inanycase， inthesoutheastofthelakethatwasofcrit－ well－reCOgTlizedonnationallevels，their esserltlallyashort－termSOlutlOn・ icalslgnificancetolarge numbers of globalextentandimportanceislessrecog－ mlgrantWaterfowlandtolocalwi1dlifewas nized．Alltypesofwaterhavebeenimpacト ithregardtolargepermanent destroyed；theuseofthelakefortransport ed or are under threatof salinisation．Of saltlakes，many tllrOugbout ceased；agrlCulturalproductlOnfell；and Partic111arsignificancearefreshwaterlakes W theworldarenowundergolng h11manhealthsuffered． andwetlands，rlVerSandstreams，andlarge unnaturalincreasesinsalinltyCauSed by 匹rmanentSaltlakes▲ humanactivities．Thebest－knownexamPle Theoneeffectivemanagementaction to istheAralSeainCentralAsiawheresalinr preventf11r【hersalinisatlOnOflargesaline With regard to fresh waters，themost ityhasrisenfrom～10to＞30g／Linrecent lakesis to restrict the diversion ofwaters importantcausesofsalinisationareland－ decades．Otherexamples areQinghaiin frominflowingrivers・Somereservoirs usechangesincatchments andirrlgation・ （－6to12．5），Mono LakeinNorth havealreadybeenputinplacetostopthe Thel・emOValofdeep－rOOtedplants（defor－ America（－45to90），the Dead Seain SalinltyOfMonoLakeinNorthAmerica・ estation）andtheil’rePlacementbysha1low－ ／Jordan卜200to＞300），and However，Plansexisttodivertwaterfrom rootedplants（CrOPS）isparticularlysignifi－ CorangamiteinAustralia（～35to50）・A MarChiq11itainArgentlna，am叫Orfeeding Cant（1eadingtoso－Calleddrylandsalinity）， fewlarge saltlakes have not shown andresting site formlgrantWaterfowl becauseit causes the water table to rise． increasesinsalinity（notablytheCaspian （500，000perannum）・ When near thesurface，Capillary action Sea）． bringsthewatertothesurfacewheresolar evaporatlOndepositssalts▲Thesearesubse－ quentlyleached to fresh watersinthe CatChmentarea・hLrigationactsinasimilar Way：eXCeSS WaterCauSeS theunderlylng watertabletorise．ItispartlCularlyslgnifi cant when subsurface water is already saline．

vensmallincreasesinthesalinity offreshwaterareimportantsince E the halotolerance ofmostfreshwa ter biotaislimited．And for human use， increasesoflessthanlg／Lareusuallycat－ astrophicaswaterswithasalinltyOfmore tl－anlg凡打egenel、allyuselessfol◆mOSt SOrtSOfirrlgationanddrinking・Theeco－ nomiccosts arethereforeenormous．Atthe TlleAralSeaatAralsk，KazakllStan sametime，eCOloglCalconservationand A7・αJ∫鳥wd∫07ユCeα班rivg′ユgグロ打．AJ川沼Jrgmαよ′～edげ〃ばJ戚gよ〃Jわ～∫柁gわ〃J乃ノタタJw郡α othercosts arenotunsubstantial．Amq］Or 、 ‥ 、 － ‥、 、 COStllereisalossofbiodiverslty． Limnology and Mamagement or GreatLakesoftheWorld abo11ttheneedforthoseresponsiblefor Middle Tiete River in lakemanagementtonetworktogetherand SaoPallloStatt！5－JG．m／戒最 Ommunityleaders andpractitlOrL一 learnfromeachother’sexperiences”・ 訂Sfromeightof血e“greatlakes” Por山is且rstga也eIュng，WOrkshoporgaInZ－ t Sao Paulo State，in southern C oftheworld convenedin awork一 ，SeVeralreservoirs were ShopsessionattheLake99Conferencein ersinvitedspeakersfrom arepresentatlVe A builtfor hydroelectric power CopenhageIl・Panelistspresentedcase groupoftheselakes，PlaclngaPrlOrity on generationinthelast50years・Theselarge studies on their own experiences with those which have either initiated or artificialecosystemsrepresenttodayan implementinganintegratedapproachto expressedaninterestinexchangeswith importanteconomic，eCOlogicalandsocial managlnglargelakewatersheds・Despite PeOplefromotherlakereglOnS・Casestud－ asset，AlthoughbuiltforJuStOnePurPOSe， thefactthattheyareatdifferentlevelsof iesfrom山efollowlnglakeswerepresent－ thesesystemsaretodaysu切ectedtosever－ institutionaldevelopment，particIPantS ed： almultipleuses suchashydroelectric agreedthatthereareremarkablesimi1ari－ Lakel‡aikal （） POWergeneration，fisheries．recreation，tiesamongthemanagementissuesthey hkeChampl扇n （U5／） tourism，naVlgatlOn，WaterSuPPlyandsev－ faceandthattherearetremendousbenefits Laglm8Lake （） Lake Ohrid （Albani〟Macedonia） eralotherlocalusessuchasi∫ngationfor insharingtheirexperiencesandlearnlng hkereipsi／ agrlCulture・They aresub］eCted tointense 打omeacllOtber． Chud5koye （Russia／btonia） eutrophicationbywaterdischargefrom Lake Titicaca （BoliYi〟pem） Lahe Toba （hdone5ia） SaoPaulocitylocatedsome300kmofthe TheGreatLakesoftheWorldsessionwa5 LakeVictorla （、，Rwanda upstreamreserYOir（BarraBonita）・The the firstinternationalgathering of Burumdi，Tal㍑ania） reservoirs are relatively shallow with a LakeNet，aglobalnetworkofpeopleand COmPlexpatternofverticalandhorizontal OrganizatlOnSreSpOnSibleR汀山econserva－ The session focused on institutional distributlOnOfYariables伽hysical，Ctlemi－ tionandsustainablemanagementoflakes▲ arrangementsforlakemanagement・Ina Calandbiological）・Themanagementof LakeNetwasestablishedin1997asapro－ PeergrOupSettlng，ParticIPantSdiscussed ［hesesystemsposecomplexoperatlOnS gramofMonitorInternationaltofacilitate two common themes＝forming effective related to structuralmeasures such as the theexchangeofexperience，PraCticesand COOperationandco11aborationamonggov－ COntrOlofretention tlme，uSeOfmultiple technologleSrelated tointegratedwaterr ernment，PrlVatebusinesses，nOngOVern OutletsatthedamSite，reわrestatlOnOfthe shed management in lake regions. mentalorganizations（NGOs），SCientlStS watershed and reintroduction of native Foundingmembers ofthe networkmet and citizens：andinter－）urisdictional SPeCies offishes・Other structuralmea everydayduringtheLake99conferenceto approaches，eSPeCially thoserelating to SureS arerelated toconstructlOn Ofpre▼ Shareexperienceandplanfutureactlvities irr［ernationalbordelLS，butalsoincluding impo11ndments，remOValofmacrophytes andprograms・ interprOvincialboundarleS・ anduseofspillwaterto controIphyto Planktonblooms・Non－StruCturalmeasures hatmakes alake gl▲eat？For The particlpantS rePreSented adivers areimplementedbyconsortiaofmunici－ purposesoftheworkshopses groupandfoundthattheirlakereglOnS PalitleSineachwatel■Shed・Thefocusison W Sion∴‘greatlake”wasdefined atvarious stagesofinstitutionaldevelop－ non－POintsourcecontrolforeutl■OPhica－ inaverygeneralwayasthoselakeswhich ment．‘1am an economist，nOt aSCientist tionprevention andonfosterlngPartner al、eimportantoれa globalscale，eltber Or SpeCialistinlakemanagement・Iam vicechairmanoftheLakeTobaHeritage Shipsbetweenthepublicandacademiafor becauseofthe止actualsizeol■umqueneSS， Watermanagement・ Orbeca11SethelakeisparticularlylmPOr－ Foundatioll，agrOuPOfactivistswho are tant，eithercultural1yoreconomically，tO trylng tO COnVince tbe goYernmen【of bese resources willbe a source of people wholive and workin【helake lndonesiatoestablishanauthoritytoman plnanentdeYelopmen【sincethey reglOnS．ManyofthelakesareinternatlOn－ agethenumero11SCOmpetlnglntereStSOn T representanewopportunityfor alwatersorhavereceivedrecognitionor Lake Toba”stated Prof．Dr．Bungaran alternatives ofeconomic andsocialdevel－ are under consideration as a biosphere Sa∫agihofIndonesia・ OPmentS，Theconstr11Ction ofchannels， reserve，WOrldheritagesite，OrOthel●Spe－ por【s，110telsandtourismresort5Willpl■0 CialnationaldesignatlOn． d11CeaninvestmentofUS＄10billlOninthe next20 y¢arS（priva【einYeS【ment）▲ “Whilelake researchel・S and scientists Therefore，itisnecessaryatthesametlme have had a forum to share ideas and topromotecreatlVeandnewproJeCtSand exchangeinformatlOnthroughgroupssuch PrOgrammeSforsustainablemanagement asILECandotherprofessionallはnnOlogl－ andthisinvoIvesscientificandtechnologlA Calassociations，PraCtitioners andman－ CaladvancesandpartlCIPationofthepub－ agers have nothad such aforumon an 1ictopromotebetterandsoundpossibili－ internationallevel：’commented Lisa tiesfqrdevelopment． Borre，COOrdinatorofLakeNetandoneof LisaBorre the organizersofthe session・“Wekept llearing frompeople allovel■the world hen asked aboutinstitutional arrangementsねrcooperatlVe W managementofthe world’s 1argestlake，TatianaGarmaeYa Ofthe 13aikalInstltuteforNatureManagement n NGOworkshopwas heldon FriendsofKolindsunds replied，“LakeIiaikalcontalnS20％oftbe theseconddayoftheconference， FriendsofKolindsundsreceivedfundinga world’sfreshwaterandisoneoftheoldest A attheFalconerCenter＿Venuefor mere two months before the conference． lakesintheworld，Its watershedis shared thewholeconference．Thefo1lowlngeight megro11phas36membersandconsistsof by threerepublics，and yetthereis no PreSentatlOnSWeremadeattheworkshop SPCiallS【sinvarlOuSfields・ mechanismforfosterlng COOrdinatlOnOr 弧dhereweglVeabrlefreporton血reeof resoIvingreso11rCemanagementCOnflicts these． Lake Kolindsunds used to be the second among山ereglOnS’’． largest freshwaterlake（2400ha）in 1．LivingLakes－UdoGattenlonher Denmark．Thelake vanished due toland ija Kosk of the Center for 2．FriendsofKolindsunds－JesperNielsen reclamatlOn，andnowitisusedasagrlCul－ TransboundaryCooperationin 3．SavingtheVillagePondrPerLarSen turalland・nedecompositionoforganic A ，WaSinterestedinlearn－ 4・ActivitiesofHojonoSato－Akanoi mattersin the bottom mud wasadYanCed ing from others how they began. She BayBasinAssociatlOn－HitomiTsu」i byexposuretoair，Whichcausedtheseri－ asked，”Whatwasthefirststep？Howdid 5．Research Association for Water and OuSPrOblemofland subsidence・Dueto yougetstarted？Even theinitialstepsin Culture，10years researchofFireflies－ thisland subsidence，theexisting sewage theprocessneedtobedocumentedsothat NorikoA∫ai facilities are not working properly・ otherscanlearn魚・Omit”．Llkeseveraloth－ 6．lntroduction ofthe Citizen Forum for Fljrthermore，insufflCient sewageca11SeS ersinthesession，theLakePeipsiProject Conservation of Water EnYironment intrusionofsaltwaterfromtheground・Fol● isoperatlngwith aloanfromtheGlobal around Lake Biwa Mitsuko Hayashi SuChreasons，the agrlCulturallands are Environment Facility under the 7．IntroductionofReedCra氏s－Katsuhiro beingdevastated andtheproblems faced InternatlOnalWatersProgram， Takeda bylocalfarmer’sELregettlngmOreSerious・ 8．AiNetwoTk－KlmikoKISe The group praposes fhe restaratian of “Puttingtheconceptsofintegratedwat naturefromthereclalmedlandintolake． Shedmanagementintopracticeis very LivingLakes（） Challenglng，eSPeCiallywhenoneconsid－ LivingLakesisapro」eCtfoundedbythe ersthepoliticalandeconomicsituatlOnSin GlobalNatureFund（GNF）inGermanyin Savingtb¢Villagepond SOmeOftheselakereglOnS，”BoITeCOm－ 1998．（GNFis a ellVironmentalNGO Recently，pOnds havebeelldisappearlng mented．Regardlessoftheeconomic or groupwhichsetsitsaimastheconserva－ due toreclamation．Even theponds that POlitlCalsituation，WOrkshopparticIPantS tion ofllature andis related to German remainarepollutedseriouslybyeutrophi－ found that theirindividualand collective EnvironmentAid）．Themain activitleSOf cation and agricultural chemicals. In the experienceisveryrelevantandthatthere 山epro」eCtare： last20years，80％ofampbibio11Sanimals isaneedtolearnfromthisexperienceand have died and the white stork is almost netwoILktogether・ ・GlobalLakePrqJeCt：AscertainlngWhat extinct．Atpresent，aCtivities for the SuStalnabledevelopmentoflakes，tO11rism， revivalandregeneratlOnOfbothpondsand neproceedingsoftheworkshop．includ－ PartnerShips withcorporations，andetc・ amphibiousanimalsarebeingcamiedout 1ngSumrnariesoftheindividualcasestud－ shouldbe． togetherwithfourlocalcommitteesofthe iesandasynthesisofthepaneldiscussion， ・Exchangeofexperience＝Exchangeof Danish SocietyfortheConservation of wi11bepublishedinanupcomlnglSSueOf experienceandinformationaboutthecon－ Nature． theILECJournalLakes ＆Reservoirs： serva（ionoflakeenvironment． Reseal■ChandManagement， ●Internet：Sendingoutinformationfromits website． akeNetisaglobalnetworkofpeo－ ●EnvironmentalCampalgnS：enlightenr pleandorganizationsresponsible mentactlVities andothers． L for the conservation and sustain－ ablemanagementoflakesLFormoreinfor－ notablecharacteristicofthispro－ mationcontact： JeCtisthatitissupportedbysuch A influential busiれeSSeS aS エ∫∫αββrrど Unilever，Daimler Benz and Lufthansa． ，り（リjJ∴lrJ′汀亡▲n㌧J‖十り．！ナ Forfurtherinformation on the Living ノ∫イe〟～efl侮Je用PJαCg Lakespr（リeCt，lookforthe articleLiving l′川・‥7リ汀－．1Jl汁、イl川・∴∵木▲J（’∫■l Lakesonpage4． AnNGOworkshopinsession T旨J．イ4JOノ26β－∫J∫5 ダm．‘r4Jq26β一β7ββ g招∽丑■f／そ仲＠mo乃fro7‘～〃Jer／1αrわ〃d，0堵

4 Theexcursion（field trip）forNGOs was heldonthethirddayoftheconference・It included a course to tour almost half of 句Oenand，Denmarkinaday・

The totalnumberofparticIPantS forthe tour was69which farexceeded thenum－ bersthattheorganizershadexpeCtedrThe bustraveledalongroadsthatborderedlush greenpastures，Wheatfieldsandcornflelds andyellowcarpetsofrapeblossoms・We SPOttedverytallwindmills（forwindpower gerleratlOn）ontheway・

Lake Arre LakeSelso Thefirstportofca11wasLakeArre，the largestfreshwaterlakeinDenmark・Mr・ reclaimed from afreshwaterlake，Because VEGA PeterJ＠rgensen，the Frederiksborg ofland subsidence afterl・eClamation and We visitedVEGA whichis arefuseincin－ RegionalCouncillocalNGOrepresenta intrusionofsalinewater，thelandcol11dnot eratorwiththemostup－tO－datefacilityln tive，gaVeuSaPreSentatlOnOntheclarifica－ beusedforagnculture・Thelandwasdesigr Denmark．Thefacilltyacceptsrefusefrom tionprcuectofthelake． natedasaprotectedareafortherestofation 86，870citizenslivlnginth－eemulliclpali一 of wetland．The cost of restorationis 也esand丘■Om5，（泊Oenterprises（80ウらofthe T ike a11the丘eshwaterlakes，its use 2，500，000 Krone （approximately refuseis from enterprlSeS，20％from 1imited to recreation．Ilis not US＄500，000）．AfterrestoratlOniscompletr households），The actualamountofrefuse L≡■■ 一■usedeven for agrlCult11ralwater， ed，theland areais to berented tolocal handled was200，000tonnesin1997and muchlessdrinkingwater，Sincethewater farmersforuseasgrazlngland▲ 230，000tonnesin1998．About50％ofthe q11alityhasdeteriorated，CarPShavebecome refuseisrecycled，30％incinerated，andthe thedominantspeciesandpeoplerarelyfish Lrtke Selso remainderdisfK）SedofbyreclamatlOrL・The thelake， Thislakealsowasre－eStablishedfromagrl－ residualheatinincineratlnglSeffectively cultura11andin order to restore thelake to utilizedasaheatsourceoftheareaheating Thewaterquality ofthelake started to its orlglnalstateand was enlargedinto SyStemS・ deterioratearoundthe1970s，duetohouse－ three times whatit used to be，Detailed hold wastewater from the catchment area SPeCificationsofthelakeareunknown・The hDenmark，SCreeningofrefuse（SeparatL andrun－OfffromtheagrlCulturalland．In SurrO11ndingareaisdesignatedasaprotect ingaccordingtotype）ispromotedactlVely▲ 1984，Phosphorusconcentrationreachedup edarea．ThepurposebrthisproJeCtissim－ SinceJuneof1999，theregulationofrecy－ to max．1mg／L．As a result，maSSiv Plytocreatebetternatureandenvironment・ Cling forhousehold electricalapplial－Ce fisllklllsocc11汀edin1985and仙isoppor〔u－ hasbeenenforced．Therewas arecycling nitywas11Sed to establish theWaterPlan Plantforhouseholdelectricalappliancesin No．1tocontrolnitrogenemissionsintothe thefacility anditis aplOneerlngplantin sea area．ALake Arre Association with Denmark． abo11t a400membership（2000fwhom Werelandowners）wasestablishedinthe autumnofthesameyear・ActlVeCamPalgnS bytheassociatlOnledtoaclanficatlOnPrO－ jectforwaterqualltyofLakeAnein1986 （mainly，improve・mentin capacity o－f SeWagetreatmentplant）andaseriesofpro JeCtSreSultedinthephosphorusconcentra－ tionofthelakedecreaslngtOO．2mg几．

Tibirke Bakker Next，WevisitedTibirkeBakker，a Wateト Shedunderrestoration（theplannedwork areais90ha，60haofwhichis being restoredasaninlandlake．）Thiswasalsoa At Lake Arre tentative agrlC111turallandinDenmark LIVING LAKES ILEC hasJOinedtheLivingLakepartner－ ShipJtisanintematlOnallakepartnershipTok11jiTonlaru ProfessorMollanledRafeekAbdeIbary created and coordinated by the GlobalNikkemConsultants，In（：． Inaninterviewheldduring［heconference， Nature Fund（GNF），anOn－gOVernmerltal The8th World Lake Conference was held ProfessorMohamed RafeekAbdelbary， al－dnonTPrOfltOrganisatlOnWOrkingoutofinCopenhagenthisyearduringadelightfu1 vice chairman of the NationalWater Germany．AmaintaskofthefoundatlOnis Periodofweatherthatevensurprised the ResearchCenter，Egyptanddirectorofthe topromotesustalnabledevelopmento切ec－ Danes．Conference Chairman Nielsen NileResearchInstitute，gaVeuShisopln tivesatinternationallevel，Thepartnershipnotedthatthereareoverl，0001akesinthe ionsonparticIPationatLake99． Pl■OmOteSVOluntalツinternationalcollabora－ WOrldwithnameSandmanymorewitllOut・ tionamongorgallizationscalTylngOutPrO－ Itwasappropriateandenlightel－1ngtOhold IreceivedinformatlOnabouttheconference 」eCtSbenefitinglakes，Wildlife，andpeople・ the confereIICein Denmark，Which has fromtheEmbassyofEgyptinCopenhagen actively dealtwitlltlle pl■eSel●Vatiol－Of and am also arecIPlentOftlleIbaraki heoverallinteIltOftheIntem4日onal manyofthoselakeenvironments・ Kasumlgaul‘aPrizepl■eSented here．As Lake Network is to prepare the SOmeOneinvolvediれtllemanagemen【of T gro11ndforanon－gOlngandsustain－ havebeena【tending血eseconfel、enCeS thesecondlargestman－madelakein the ablcinternationaldialogue，eXChangeof Since Kasumigaura（6th）andIthink WOrld（Lake Nasser）theconferencehas know－how and technologleS andexperi－ Ⅰ 血atthis one，Which focused onenviL beenveryusefu1forgatherirlginformatlOn ences between environmental NGOs of ronmentalproblemsinencIosedwaterbod Onthemanagementoflakes，Furthermore， lakereglOnS▲TheLakeNetworksupports ies，WaS nOtable for the deeplntereSt ithasprovidedmuchfoodforthoughtfor activitleS andcampalgnSincludingcompe－ expressedrlOtOnlybyscholars，butalsoby furtherresearch． tent a11〔110ritleS andlocalbusinessesin the local citizens and administrators. Alollg prOCeSS▲ with themes about eutrophication and makes a conference like Chemicalpollution，there weremanypre－ SO uSeful，however，is not AnnualLLLivingLakes”meetlngSwi11be sentations aboutlake a11d watershed man－ ▼ ▼ iUSl thecontentsofpresenta－ l－eld，tllerebypromo亡ing theexcl－angeOf agementfromNGO’s a11dpolicymakers・ tionsaIldpapers，butthepeopleonemeets・ experlenCeS－mainlyviatheInterl－et－and SuchintelLeStinthemanagementanduseof IhavemetpeopletllatOtherwise would mutualhelp and assistance，ifnecessary， lakesisnaturalbecausetheyarebecomlng haveremainedrlameS On aPrlntedpage・ Besides usillg theInternetfoILnetWOrk more andmoreimportantas expanding These are allpeoplethatcarlbecontacted COmmullications，LivingLakes willcreate WOrldpopulatiollispl■eSSuringfreshwater forinformation and advice the next timeI linkagesontheWeb［hatwillenablepeople Supplies． needhelponaglVe11Su叫ectr al■Ourld theworld to getil－formation and il－SPll’a【iollrOl■COIISerVi11glakesiIl【1－eir ProfessorJ¢l■genSellWrappeduptlleCOn－ IfIhad some criticisms about this confer－ OWnal■eaS・In【11is way，LivingLakeswill fel’eJICebystresslnghowmuchwaslearned ence，itwould bethattlleregistrationfee fosteractlngloca11yandthinkingglobally・ aboutlakes along wi【h［heimportanceof WaSVeryhighandthatitwouldhavebeen educatio】1and oflis【ening toideas from good to seemorepartlCipants丘omdevel－ Themembersoftheprqectmeetregularly， NGOs・Ifelts【ronglyol－eOfthebiglSSueS Op111gCOuntries．Thatisto saymoresup exchangeil－formation，formulate state－ WaShow山e【hrol－glngmaSSeSOfh11maniとy POrtCOuldhave beenprovided to attain ments，andco－Ordinateslngleactivitiesand CanPeaCefullyliveonthesmallearthcould greaterparticIPatlOnfromsuchcountries・ agl■eefurtll已rStepSforcommonwork．¶1e bedealtwithbyproceedingwithconcrete These are two issues that should be m叫OrObjectivesofLivingLakesistopro－ activities based on［he accumulatedknowl addressedseriouslyforthenextconference videfinancialsupportforconsel■Vationists edgeoftheWorldLakeConferences． inShiga，WhichIhopetOattend． allovel・tlle WOl・1d．Tlle SeVe111akes tlla〔 comprise the Living Lakes Network are 霜 6 6 霜 Mono Lake（USA），Lake Constance （Gelmany，，），St，Lucia Lake（SouthAfrica），LakeBiwa（Japall），

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6 Dr．JavierAIcocer Mr．MitsuharuKitanaka NGOsinNorthEul■OPeWOrkcIoselywith OneofthepartlCipantssponsoredbyILEC・ Engineering Departnlent administratars ta in order to advance their Dr．AlcocerglVeSuShisoplniononthepre－ HIYOSHICo．，Ltd． activities and work．In thisway theycan conference course he attended and on the ThoughIamrelativelyyoungandinexperi－ expendtheirenergleSandeffortsmoreeffl confel・enCeitself． enced，Iwas fortunate enough■to be Cientlyandclosercoopel‘ationwithlocal allowedtoaccompanythedelegatlOngrOuP andnationalgovernmentsresultsinamol、e Iwilltryandexpressinafewwordsmy fromJapantoparticIPateintheLake99 errec〔iveoutcome．Tllisme山odofworking experiencesdum－gLake99・Thepre－COn－ Conference．Iwasinratheraneutralposi－ is110tOnly asmartuseofresources，but ferencecourse onreservoirmanagement tionbecauseIamnotamemberofap benefitsallinthelon昌一run▲ was excellent．ProfessoILTundisihas conr NGO，anadministratororanacademic． Sidel・ableandwide－ranglngeXPeriencewitl－ ltisullfortunatetha【JapalleSe NGOs still tropicalreservoirsandELgreatdealtllatis 1thoughapproximately60ses have smallmembel’Ships even today・ SPeCifica11yapplicabletoMexicanreser－ Sionswerescheduledandapproxp Furthermore．theirauthorityandspheresof VOirs．Limnologywithregard to Mexican A imately390presentations were influence areverylimited，RegardiIlgthe reservoirsislimitedtosaytlleleast，there－ carriedoutduringtheconference，myStay substance of山eir activities，mOStOftheir foretherecentユypublishedILECGuideline there wasforluSttWO days・Itwas apity workisi11VOIvedintrylngtOSOrtOutPrOb－ book（edited byProfessorsT11ndisiand thatIcouldnothearmostofthoselectures 1ems且ftertheyhaveoccurred・However，I Straskraba）and the tips given bythetwo directly．blltOntheotherhanditwasgood haveto saythatIwas verylmPreSSedby PrOfessorsatthecolⅡSewi11sul■elybeneflt tohavethetimeto getclosertopeople theJapaneseNGOsatthecollferenceandI andpl●OmOtethestudy andunderstanding 打omNGOs andunderstand（he situatlOnin SaWtheminalightthatIhadnotseenthem of Mexican reservoilLS．Furthermore，Nol■tllerllEul■Ope． be氏Ire・Supportfromauthoritiesislimited Pl■OfessorSb、aSkraba’ssimpleintl－Oduct10n due ta the lack of coordination between topracticalaspectsofreservoirmanage First，during thewholeperiodIstayed，I themandsupport fromthepublicisalso 皿ent was also very11Seful・Ⅰ山ink the wasmovedbytheperfectlyblueandclear Iowduetofinancialdifficultiesbecausethe COurSeWaSagreatSuCCeSSandshouldbe Skyoverthehorizol一・Therefreshingbreeze COOrdinatlOnwithenterprlSeSisnotenough・ includedinfutul■eILECgatherlngSandcer－ WaSbeyondwords，howeveri［is allirony tainlyatthenextWorldLakeConference・ thatthiswesterlybreezecarries acidrain fIwas tomakeasuggestion，Ithink fromindustrialdistrictsin England and 【hatwhatweneedis［oimpl●OVeCOOP－ OVing on to the Conference Germany，a11dtllisproblemisget亡1ngSeri Ⅰ eration wi抽pl■1、√ate busilleSS mOre itself，tlle al■1■ayOflec〔ures on OuSeVenillNortllerllEurope・ deeply and incorporate the strellgth and M differentsubjectsmadechoos e110rmltyOftheirpowercol－CernlngCaPital， ingwllichlecturesto attendverydifflCult・ econdly，the strengthofpeople’s techl－0logy．publicity andnetworking・I InmycaseIdecided to go tolecturesin attitude torestoreandprotecttheir alsothinkthatprlVatebusinesscanpiaythe WhichIhadapersonalintel●eStOrthosethat S nat11l●e made adeeplmPreSSionon role of mediation beLween administration were applicable to the Mexican enviroll me．Iwasfurtherimpl■eSSedwi（hsomesys－ andNGOsandpubliccitizens・IdoI10t ment，ThePlenarylectures wel■e aiso a temstheylmPlemented whichpresenteda thinkthatthisissodifficultatasktocarry Pl■11－Clpalattl、aClioIl・Howeveい11ebes［par〔 Stark contrast withJapanese systems・ out．As mentioned above，NGOsin OftlleCOnfel■enCeWaS tl－epOSSibilityof Administrators，PubliccitlZenS andcorpo－ NorthernEuropehavealreadystrengthened Starting collaboration withresearchersin rations appear to take action together as thesourceoftheiractlVitiesinth且tWayand other cauntries and the challce to discuss 【hlLeeCOnCemedparties， nowtheyareplannlngtOdevelopnetworks interestingideas andfindings withlikeL allovel・tlleWOrld． mindedcolleagl】eS・

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rofessorJ打gensen，CbairlnanOfthe Committee，naturallyheadedthe P meetlngandstartedbywelcomlng henewestmemberofthecomitteeMs． DianneDumanoski．Hesaidthathercom TheCommitteemeets mllnicatlOn Skills wouldbeHinvaluablein thefutureworkoftheCommittee’’． Natural1yenough，ifonehasjustattended and necessary，Itwas decidedthatILEC aWorldLakeConference，Oneisvery WOuldlookatwaystopromotecoopera－ Mattersdealtwithbythemembersincludr interestedin where fut11re SuCh confer tlOnbetweentheorganisatlOnS． edareviewofthemeetingsoftheBoard enceswillbeheld．Aswestateonthefront OfDirectorsandCouncilsincethe8thoffi＿ 00Ver，anda5manyOfyoualreadyknow， thermatters discussedincluded CialmeetlnginArgentlnaandmECpro－ the9thConferencewillbeheldinShiga， PartlCipationin theWorldWater grammes for thefiscalyear1998－1999． Japanandtbeschedulesuggestedatthe 0 Forum，theILECJournal，山e Onec・fthemoreseriousissuesdiscussed， Committeemeeting wasthatthelOth COntinuatioIlOf血e Guideline series of however，WaStheparlousstateofILEC，sConferencebeheldinCl－icago，USAand books，greaterCOOpel・ation withother budgetsandfunds・InbriefILECisfaring thellthinZimbabwe． NGOs，the need for more Scientific nobetterthanmanyotherNGOswithan CommitteemeetlngS，trainingcoursesrun evel●decreaslnglnCOme・Tllel・e WaS talk meetingwasalsofavouredby byILEC，tlleneedforaStatementonthe aboutthepossibility6fincreaslnglnCOme － － StateoftheWorld’slakes fromILECand bycreating amembership，butthismea－ T芸I ．．．． along－termStrategyfortheorganisatlOn・ sure was rejected due to hurdles such as IntじrnationalUnion for BiologlCal ILEC’sformalstructureandlegalitiesin SciencesこIUBS and Mr．ThorkilJonchL Theseareal1matters［hatyouwi11behear－ Japanthatprevented suchamovebrthe Clausen・theGlobalWaterPartnership・ ingmore aboutin futureissues ofthe pユ、eSent， Botborganisations werelookingねra ILEC Newsletter as the Scientific CIoselLILelationshipwithILECandmem－ CommitteeandindeedtheSecretariatget bersoftheScientificCommitteeagreed toworktobringtohLuitionthediscussions thatsucharelationshipwasbothdesirable heldovertwodaysinCopenhagen・ Biwako Prize Usefu1Webpages

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Oulel・S http＝／／www・pfiesteria・Org／ Find information here about the fish r．Yoshiokaintroduced tlle Cal・bon ki11ing，11uman－harming，tOXicdinoflagel－ andnitrogenstableisotopICrat10 1atePfieste血plSCicida D measurement method for the analysISOfecosystemsinlakesandbrought l－eWqualitatlVedevelopmenttostudiesof IryouwouldliketohaYeyOllrⅥ・ebpage thiskind．Heimplemented thedetailed OrallyOtherlistedollOurS，pleasecoll－ analysIS Offood chainsystemsinlakes tactusatimfo＠mail・ilec・Or・Jp using this measurement method and Showed that the measul・ementmethod can bealso appliedtotheanalysISOfprevious environmentalchangesinlakes． ThankyouDIINielsen ILECwouldliketosayaspecialwordof inallthepreparationandindeedtheafter－ グロJ‘〝王Oreよ′そ匝′■J′JαJわ／10〃JゐeクrfぴVよ∫～Jf′1g thalikstoDr・Nielsen，Cllairmanofthe math，itisunlikelythatLake99would Jエ且CIVe占＿扇ね．・ OrganisingCommitteeoftheLake99 havebeenqultethesuccessitwas・Thank 加軒仇′Ⅵ′Ⅵ′▲fJgc▲Or應々rfzαセーf乃d鍔・厨川J Conference．Withouthisc6nsiderable youDr．Nielsenandwewishyouwellin effortsnotonlyduring［heconference，but yourretirement． LAKESOF77mWORLD－HUVGSUL－MONGOLIA－T＆状A akeH11VSgulisadeeptectoniclake closed forestcoverelsewherein theboreal ItisnoteworthythatlarchforestsfiLlnglng （max・depth267m）locatedinthe ZOne，butdeciduolIS COniferforests domi－ shorelines very often extend into lake L northernmost part of the natedbylarchareallowedto thriYehere Water，foremostrowsoftreesstandingsub－ MongolianRepublicclosetotheborderof OWlngtOtheprevalenceofunderground mergedanddying（Photo）・Thisindicatesa Russia at about50030’－5lO30’N and Permafrostlayersasinotherinlandpartsof SignificantrlSeOflakewaterlevelinrecent lOO050’E．Itis thelargestfreshwaterlake easterIISiberia．Ever－freezing subsoil years・According totheanalysISOfwater ofcentralAsia（Surfacearea2，700km2； retainsenoughrainwaterinthesurfacesoil levellnOnitorlngreCOl■ds，thelakewatel■ 1，645mabovesealevelolltheuppermOSt duringsummer，Whilethelowsoiltemper－ 1eYelactuallyroseby ca，60cm during reaches oftheSelenge Riverthatdrains atureinthel■00tZOne SuPPreSSeS eVaPO－ 1967－1987，andtherisecorrespondedto into LakeBaikal．The wholelake basinis transplrationfromthevegetation・ thesimultaneousriseofmeanairtempera－ desigl－atedasanatlOnalparkfol’i（SSCenic t11reObservedatHatgal．TheeffectofglobL beautyofcrystal－Cleanwater，SulTOunding unlquelandformfeatureofper－ alwalmlllgmaybesus匹Cted・ fineforestcoverandlittlerdisturbedunlque mafrostreglOnSistllatllillslopes biota．The nature and environments of the A facing S／SW are oftel－Steeper Accordingtotheparkmanagementregula－ lLeglOn WereeXtenSivelystudiedbyjoint 【hanN偲slopes，1ackforestcoverandbear tions，the11SeOfthelakeislimitedtosight－ Russian／Mongolian teams andlaterby herbaceousplantcommunities・SinceS／SW Seeing▲Tl－eSurfacetranspol■tOfoillmpOl■ト Japanese andUSAlimnoIoglStSSincethe SIopes arestronglyheatedduringsummer edfromRussiafromHanhto Hatgalwas 1970s． athighlatitudes，thesurfacesoiltendsto discontinuedbecauseofthepollutionofthe mel【deeper to accelerate erosion and 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amongthewestern shore Feb．）atHatgal，aSettlementontlleSOuthr endoftllelake． mountains．Accordingto theparkoffice， crnmostshol・eOfthelake． PO4▼P concentrationin thelake wateris Thelakewaterisfedmailllybyafewlarge appal■en〔1yl－igheralong【11eWeStern Shore Almostpure strands ofSibelLianlarch b：ibutaliesenterlngthelake’snortllernmOSt tllaninotherpartsofthelake，SOthatfur－ （Larixsibirica）coversthecatchment’sland part，andflowsoutfromitssouthernend therexploitatio11mayCauSeaSeriousissue・ Sllrface continuously，eXCePt On high ViatheEgynRivertotheSelenge・Thelake mountainridgesbeyondthetimberlineand WaterqualitylS Oligotrophic，thetrans－ TheunlquebiotaofHuvsgulLakeis slgr SCatteredgrassyslopes・TheprecIPitationis parency（Secchidepth）generallyexceeding nificantly different from thatofLake 〔00SCarCe（300－400mm／yr）to support 20m（SOmetimesreaching30m）▲Surface Baikaldownstream．The extensive stretch WatertemPeraturemayriseupto13－140c OfpureSiberianlarchforest，eVenlacking inJulyAugust，butremains constantat themixtureofbirch，alder，etC．，Which are 3．5Dca11theyearroundbelow20mdepth COmmOninotherparts ofeastSiberian downtothelakebo【tom， larchforests，rePreSentSararetyPeOftaiga Vegetation，butnon－arborealflora and 上1el、ethesllOl℃Slopeismoreol■ wi1dlifefaunaarequiteabundant，These 1esss【eep．beaches andlittoral SCientiflCValues，tOgetherwiththemagnifl－ W Substl■a［aaremostlymade of Centnatul●a11andscape，makeHuvsgulPark COarSeglLaVelandrockswithpoorbenthic one of〔11e Valuable na【uraltreasures of noraandfauna（Seephoto）・Nearthees【u一 Mongoliaandtheworld．Its aquatlCenVi－ 山‘yOflaTgertnblItar旭S，110WeVel■，marShes ronments，Stillalmost undisturbed by andmuddy beaches develop with fail■1y llumallaC【ivities，Offer anideall■efere11Ce rich emergent／submergedplantcommuni－ Site fordetecting globalenvironmental ties and benthic fauna．Humic substallCeS Changes，MongolianauthoritiesandR）l●elgn Carried by river water from bogs and scientists concemed are now proposing to marshesseemtobeanimportantsourceof establish ol－e Ofthelong－termeCOloglCal llutrien【sfol・thelake． researchstations．

Lake Huvsgul

10 GuidelinesofLakeManagement・Vol・9／ReserYOir SecondWorldWaterForllmandMinisterial WaterQualityManagement， Conference editedM．StraskrabaandJ．G．Tundisi （InternationalLakeEnvironmentCommittee） 17－22March2000 1SBN：4－90（i356－26－5 Ve11ue：Hague，Ne山erlands OrganizersWWC／DutchGovernment ProfessorsMilanStraskrabaandJoseTundisihaverecently Contact：HANSVANZIJST completedanewguidelinebookentltled“ReservoirWater Tel：＋31（70）3394666 QualityManagement”■Byfocusingonthewaterqualityof Fax：＋31（70）339130（う reservoirsasopposedtolakes，thebookfillsacriticalgap・ E－MallHANS．VAN．ZIJST＠dml．minbuza．nl Furthermore，thebookisdifferentiatedfromsimi1arefforts URL：http：／／www．worldwaterforum．org／ bythepresel－tationofkl－OWledgeaboutreservoirsinboth temperateandtopicalregions・TTlebookalsoincludesan InternationalSyposiumonIntegl－atedWaterReso11l’CeS exte11Sivereferencesectionthatwillbesuretohelp Management researchers． 9－12April，20（旧 ILECGllidelineBooksSeries： Davis，California，USA Vol．1PrinclplesofLakeManagement Contact：MiguelMariIlO Vol．2Socio－EconomicAspectsofLakeReservoir 139VeihmeyerHa11（LAWR） Management UniversityofCalifornia Vol．3LakeShoreManagement Davis，CA95616－8628 Vol．4ToxicSubstallCeSManagementinLakesand USA Reservoirs mamarino＠ucdavis．edu Vol．5ManagementofLakeAcidification Vol．6ManagementofInlandSalineWaters LimnologyandWaterBirds2000・ThirdConference Vol．7BiomanlPulatiollinLakesandReservoirs Management l－5May2000 Vol．8TheWorld’sLakesinCrisis Tebo，CzechRepublic New！Vol．9ReservoirWater（〕ualityManagement ColltaCt：Dr，PeterMusil IllStituteofAppliedEcology Each1500Yen（taxincl11ded） Kosteleclladernymi1esy CZ－28163 ForInOreillformationaboutILECPublications，pleaseconL Czech Republic はCtuS，OrCheckourwebsiteこ trebon．2000＠post．cz http：〝www．ilec．orjp／pllb月＿Pub．html Fax：＋4202036975（カ

OrDr，JosephJ．Kerekes Lakes＆Reservoirs・ResearchandManagement EnviroIlmentCanada Vol．4，Issue3／4 CalladianWildlifeService Editors－illrChief：SaburoMatsuiandW．D．Williams 45AldernyDr． ISSN：1：‡20－5331 Dartmouth，N，S，B2Y2N6 Callada Articlesinclude： joe．kerekes＠ec．gc．ca Salinisatioll：AmqJOrthreattowaterresourcesillthearid Fax：ト902－426－4457 andsemi－aridregionsoftheworld－W．D．Williams www．1f．czu．cz／けebon2000

EllterOVirusesill仕1ereCreati011alwatersofLakeOrta－A． Maielloet．al．

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11 9thlnternationalConferenceonthe ConservationandManagementofLakes

Shiga，Japan2001

PartnershipsfbrSustainableLiftinLakeEnvironments： MakingGlobalFreshwaterMandatesWork

11－16Nov．2001 Shiga，

OrganizedbyShigaPrefbcturalGovernment／ InternationalLakeEnvironmentCommittee，ILEC

Formoreinfomlationpleasecontact： ShigaPrefbchⅡdGovemm印t EnvironmentalPolicyDivision 4－1－1Kyomachi，Sl止gち520－8577，Japm Phone：＋81－77－528－3466 。β Fax：＋＄ト77．528＿4849 E－md：1故82001＠pre£sl止gajp