Tribal Scenario in Maharashtra
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SFG3751 Public Disclosure Authorized TRIBAL PEOPLE’S PLANNING FRAMEWORK Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The Project Director Project on Climate Resilient Agriculture (POCRA) Government of MaharashtraDr Rajul Pant-Social 30 Arcade, World Trade Center, Cuffe paradeMicrosoft, Mumbai -05 mahapocra@gmail.com [Pick the date] Page 1 of 62 Tribal People’s Planning Framework Table of Contents Section 1: Project Introduction 6 1.1 Background of the Project 6 1.2 Project Development Objective (PDO) 6 1.3 Project Area 6 1.4 Project Components / Sub-Components 7 1.4.1 Component A 7 1.4.2 Component B 9 1.4.3 Component C 10 1.4.4 Component D 10 PROJECT PREPARATION 10 1.5 Social Assessment 11 1.5.1 Objectives 12 1.5.2 Aspects of Social Assessment 12 1.6 Associated Preparation Activities 13 1.9 Tribal Issues 13 1.10 Need for Developing Tribal People’s Planning Framework 13 1.10.1 Adhering to Safeguard Provisions for Tribes 13 1.10.2 Alignment of the Project with Current Government Initiatives 13 1.10.3 Improving Socio-Economic Status 14 1.11 Structure of the Report 14 Section 2: Tribal Scenario in Maharashtra 15 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Tribal Profile of Maharashtra 15 2.3 Demography and Distribution of ST Population 16 2.3.1 Tribal Population in Project Districts 16 2.3.2 PVTG and Its Population in Maharashtra 19 2.4 Literacy Rate among STs 19 2.5 Housing 20 2.6 Land Holding Pattern 20 2.7 Economic Status 21 2.8 Work Participation Rate (WPR) 23 2.9 Banking Services 24 2.10 Asset Holding 24 2.11 Consumption Expenditure 25 Section 3: Legal and Institutional Framework 27 3.1 Constitutional Definition of Scheduled Tribes 27 Page 2 of 62 Tribal People’s Planning Framework 3.2 Constitutional Definition of Scheduled Area 27 3.3 Panchayati Raj Act 27 3.4 Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 28 3.5 Forest Rights Act, 2006 29 3.7 Tribal Development and Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) Approach 31 3.8 Constitutional Safeguard for Scheduled Tribes 31 3.8.1 Directive Principles of State Policy 32 3.8.2 Political Safeguards 32 3.8.3 Agency for Monitoring Safeguards 32 3.9 Forest Rights Act 33 3.9.1 Land Rights 33 3.9.2 Use Rights 33 3.9.3 Right to Protect and Conserve 33 3.9.4 Recognition of the Rights 33 3.9.5 Functions of Gram Sabha 33 3.9.6 Taluka / Sub-Divisional Level Committee 34 3.9.7 District Level Committee 34 3.9.8 Functions of the State Level Monitoring Committee 34 3.10 Tribal Development and Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) Approach 35 3.11 World Bank (Operational Policy) OP 4.10 36 3.12 Tribal Development Schemes 36 3.12.1 Special Central Assistance & Grants Under Article 275(1) of the Constitution 36 3.12.2 Scheme for Development of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) 36 3.12.3 Education Promotion among Boys and Girls: Hostel Facility 36 3.12.4 Vocational Training Centres in Tribal Areas 37 3.12.5 Strengthening Education Among Scheduled Tribe Girls in Low Literacy District 37 3.12.6 Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India Limited (TRIFED) 37 3.12.7 Coaching for Scheduled Tribes 37 3.12.8 Grant-In-Aid to Voluntary Organizations 37 3.12.9 Post-Matric Scholarship for Scheduled Tribes Students 37 3.12.10 Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship Scheme (RGNF) 37 3.12.11 Scheme of Top Class Education for ST Students 37 3.12.12 National Overseas Scholarship Scheme for Scheduled Tribes 37 3.12.13 Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana 38 3.12.14 Thakkar Bappa Scheme 38 3.12.15 Other Schemes / Programmes under Implementation: 38 3.13 Institutional Arrangement for Tribal Development 39 Section 4: Stakeholder Analysis 41 Page 3 of 62 Tribal People’s Planning Framework 4.1 Consultation in Tribal Habitations 42 4.2 Taluka Level Consultations 42 4.3 District Level Consultation 42 4.4 State Level Consultation 43 4.5 Findings of the Consultation 43 Section 5: Tribal People’s Planning Framework 46 5.1 Introduction 46 5.2. Objective of TPPF 46 5.3 Strategy 46 5.3.1 Representation in Local Institution (VCRMC) 46 5.3.2 Decentralised Planning (Mini Watershed Plans) 47 5.3.3 Flexibility in Benefit Accessing Norms 47 5.3.4 Project Administration As per PESA Act Provisions 47 5.3.5 Capacity Development 47 5.3.6 Livelihood Improvement Measures 48 5.4 Tribal Inclusion Approach 48 5.5 Tribal Development and Inclusion Framework 49 5.4.1 Replication of Demonstrated Models 51 Section 6: Implementation Arrangement 53 6.1 Institutional Arrangement 53 6.1.1 State Level 54 6.1.2 District Level 54 6.2 Monitoring and Evaluation 54 6.2.1 Institutional Arrangement for M&E 54 6.3 Monitoring Indicators of Tribal Inclusion and Benefit Access 55 6.4 Grievance Redressal Mechanism 56 6.4.1 Village Level 56 6.4.2 Gram Panchayat Level 56 6.4.3 Up-ward Movement for Grievance Redressal 56 6.4.4 Toll Free Number for Grievance Redressal 56 6.4.5 IT based Grievance Redressal Mechanism 56 6.4.6 Recording of Grievances and its Dispose-off 57 6.4.7 Mid-Term Evaluation 57 Annexure 58 Annexure 1: Tribal Population in Different Districts & Divisions 59 Annexure 2: Inaccessible Tribal Areas in Maharashtra 60 Annexure 3: Tribal Population in Different Census and Tribal Area 62 Page 4 of 62 Tribal People’s Planning Framework List of Tables Table 1: Project Particulars 6 Table 2: Spread of Scheduled Tribes in the State of Maharashtra 15 Table 3: Tribal Population in Maharashtra 16 Table 4: Population Proportion of SC & ST, 2011 17 Table 5: Scheduled Tehsils in Maharashtra 17 Table 6: Scheduled Tehsils in Project Districts 18 Table 7: Tribal Population in Rural and Urban Areas of the Project District 18 Table 8: PVTGs in Maharashtra and its Population 19 Table 9: Literacy Rate among SC & ST, 2011 19 Table 10: Housing Status of Tribal 20 Table 11:Engagement of Tribal Households 22 Table 12: Highest Income of Tribal Household Members 22 Table 13: Work Participation Rate (Total Worker) 23 Table 14: Main Worker among Tribals 23 Table 15: Asset Holding and Facilities / Services of STs 25 Table 16: Asset Holding, Facilities and Services 25 Table 17: Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure; Rural and Urban 26 Table 18 Applicable acts and policies in the project area 39 Table 19: ITDPs under different Additional Tribal Commissioners 40 Table 20: Participatory Development of Mini Watershed Plans 47 Table 21: Project Approach and Strategy for Tribal Development 48 Table 22: Tribal People’s Planning Framework 49 Table 23: Pre-SMART and Post-SMART Approach 52 Table 24: Role and Responsibilities for M&E 54 Table 25: Monitoring Indicators: Inclusion and Benefit Accessibility 55 List of Figures Figure 1: Project Area Map, Maharashtra 7 Figure 2: Tribal Area Map, Maharashtra 16 Figure 3: Scheduled Areas (PESA) in Maharashtra 28 Figure 4: TSP Districts of Maharashtra 35 Figure 5: Tribal Development Institutions of Maharashtra (TDC, ATC & ITDPs) 40 Figure 6:Project Implementation Structure 53 Page 5 of 62 Tribal People’s Planning Framework ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Executive Summary Project Background: The Government of Maharashtra has approved a project on Climate Resilient Agriculture (PoCRA) to address the drought related vulnerability in the agriculture sector with the support of World Bank. Essentially, it is proposed to enhance the resilience of the farmers practicing rainfed farming from vagaries of climate change and thus ensure stable and secured livelihood, especially, to the poor and vulnerable farming communities in the state. The Project Development Objective (PDO) is “to enhance climate-resilience and profitability of smallholder farming systems in selected districts of Maharashtra”. The project will be implemented in 4210 drought prone villages and 932 salinity affected villages in Purna river basin spread across 15 districts of the State. The project has main three components (1) Promoting Climate Resilient Agriculture Systems (2) Climate Smart Post-Harvest Management and Value Chain Promotion, and (3) Institutional Development, Knowledge and Policies for a Climate-resilient Agriculture. Objectives of the EMF: Based on the project design, the overall environmental impacts of the project would be positive hence it has been classified as “category B” (partial assessment) project as per the World Bank’s Operational Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01). However, if any project intervention if not implemented properly there may have some temporary and localized adverse impacts for which the suitable mitigations measures outlined in the environment management plan and through the promotion of recommended package of practices. Best practice measures and mitigation strategies are also recommended where appropriate to improve the environmental performance of the project activities. Thus Environment Mitigation Framework (EMF) has been prepared with the overall objective of guiding the project in implementation of major activities in line with the identified risk mitigation strategies, making the interventions socially and environmentally sustainable. Approach and Methodology: A participatory and consultative approach has been adopted to prepare EMF and its components. Project stakeholders at various levels viz state, district and sub district level, including small and marginal farmers (men and women), tribal, marginalized social groups, and experts were consulted. Their views and concerns have been incorporated in EMF document. Components of the EMF: Environment Management Framework will include: (i) basic criteria and procedures for screening all interventions, and guide the design and implementation of activities; (ii) scope and application of the EMF for similar impact typologies; (iii) mitigation action to contain, minimize and/or reverse identified adverse impacts; (iv) good practices guidelines for specific investments; (v) Technical guidelines on specific activities; and (vi) Specific strategies such as pest and nutrient management; NRM strategy to enhance climate resilience of farmers including marginal and landless households; strategy to integrate mitigation measures and other resilience enhancing approaches in cluster level plans, etc.