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Iconic: a Symbol of Our Heritage CHINA DAILY | HONG KONG EDITION Thursday, February 11, 2021 | 3 HOLIDAYCOVER From page 1 According to Wu Yucheng, who is a council member at the China Folk- lore Society, early proof of the rela- tionship between agriculture and the bovine species in China comes from the Hemudu site in Zhejiang province that dates back approxi- mately 7,000 years. There paddy seeds, fossils of buffalo skulls, and farming tools made from buffalo bones were found. The widely acknowledged aca- demic view is that plowing with oxen became common during the Paper-cut images are on display, until March 14, at an exhibition of ox-related artworks at the National Art Museum of China. PHOTOS PROVIDED TO CHINA DAILY Warring States Period (475-221 BC). Since then, the ox has evolved into a symbol of production and a sup- modern agriculture, in which portive sidekick in everyday life. farming cattle were replaced with In the renowned folk tale The machinery, did beef become a com- Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, based mon ingredient for everyday dish- on ancient stargazing, the girl, a es. Therefore, we should probably deity responsible for weaving iri- Iconic: not take beef for granted. After all, descence onto the sky, descends to it has been a luxury item for thou- the mortal world. There she mar- sands of years. ries a peasant boy owning only one ox — as a vignette, in some ver- Festival celebrations sions, the ox leads the boy to the A symbol of our heritage The ox is not only celebrated girl as a gesture of gratitude. every twelve years, like other zodi- They are then discovered by the ac animals. With its high status, superior gods and separated by the across China there are a lot of Milky Way. Moved by their tragic regional festivals celebrating the ox story, magpies form a bridge allow- throughout the year, a rare recep- ing them to see each other on the tion among zodiac animals. seventh day of the seventh lunar One of the most representative is month, hence the provenance of the ox king festival, a folk festival Chinese Valentine’s Day, or qixi. celebrated by many ethnic groups. Apart from honoring love, the As the name implies, these festivals folktale also represents an idyllic are established to pay tribute and ideal for a household in ancient appreciation to cattle. society — the men plowing the Not only have the people, across fields and the women weaving time and space, reached the consen- cloth, ensuring both food and sus to worship the ox king, many of clothing. the customs are similar, involving giving their farming cattle a day off, Historical status a good bath and a gourmet meal. In several dynasties, the ox was On the first day of the 10th lunar elevated to such a high status that month, the Gelao ethnic group in commoners were forbidden from Guizhou province serve their cattle slaughtering farm cattle at will. with the best fodder and clean the The earliest text record pertain- shed, meanwhile preparing meat ing to this regulation dates back to and alcohol as sacrificial offerings more than 2,000 years ago, in the to the ox king, wishing the cattle Confucius school historical record good health. Even those without Book of Rites. Completed in the their own cattle will prepare offer- Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD ings and pray that they will soon 24), the codex states that in the possess one. Western Zhou Dynasty (c.11th cen- The Bouyei ethnic group from the tury-771 BC), the liege lords were same province commemorates the not allowed to slaughter cattle ox king on the eighth day of the without a good reason, and only fourth lunar month, when they the emperor could kill cattle in make a colored sticky rice dish with spring and autumn as sacrificial the sap of plants and flowers. After offerings. serving the cattle, people sit down Apart from farming purposes, for a banquet, drinking, singing another reason for the high status and socializing. of cattle was their key role in the Festivals of the same ethos, armed forces. despite maybe different names, can The Tang Code records that cattle be found in also Hubei, Zhejiang and horses were used by the mili- and Guangdong provinces. tary and ipso facto different from The origins of this festival vary the rest of domestic animals. Any- from region to region, but almost one stealing or killing cattle would always involve a moving legend face a sentence of two and a half about how oxen saved the people. years. The Bouyei people’s story proba- Cattle were used in wars to trans- bly corresponds to human history port supplies. Even when dead, the most, apart from the fictional ox they could still be made into mili- king part. It goes that the group had tary apparel and weapons, hence no cattle in ancient times, and the hides and tendon of dead cattle could only use human labor to tend had to be submitted to the govern- the fields. The ox king felt sympathy ment in some dynasties. for the people and sent cattle to The protection of cattle did not help them, relieving the locals of alleviate as time went by. From the the burden. Tang Dynasty (618-907) to the In Gelao folklore, the story relates Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the that when a village was besieged for slaughtering of cattle, even one’s seven days and nights, an old ox own, would induce penalties from from the tribe chief led him to a whipping to death. Even when the secret cave with a route to the back cattle were old or ill, the owners Clockwise from top: A farmer plows a paddy field on a mountain of the mountain. The whole village had to apply to governmental enti- terrace with the help of an ox in Qingtian county, Zhejiang province, escaped unharmed. ties for permission. in June. XU YU / XINHUA A dough modeling artwork featuring children Although these festivals have It might be surprising to know riding oxen and celebrating spring made by artist Zuo Ansheng in become sort of niche, in this Year of that even after the founding of the Linyi, Shandong province, in January. WANG YANBING / XINHUA China the Ox, we might learn something People’s Republic of China in 1949, Post’s zodiac­themed stamps for this year. XINHUA The Bouyei people from this friend of ours throughout beef was still a rare item, as private mark an ox-thanking festival on Nov 15 in Guiyang, Guizhou the ages. slaughtering was deemed illegal up province. ZHANG HUI / XINHUA Wang Junzi, a national cultural heritage until the late 1970s. inheritor of Ruci porcelain, polishes a work of his in Baofeng county, Contact the writer at Only with the advancement of Henan province, in January. HE WUCHANG / XINHUA [email protected] By CHENG YUEZHU Possessing “the constitution of an eral principals through repetitive Buddhism provenance. ox” proves that the world in certain practice. As for the modern implication for Considering the creature repre- ways shares a similar view about the Ox expressions get the Probably because cattle are a prof- the word niu as an adjective, that senting the coming 12 months, it is ox in its representation of strength, itable livestock around the world, can be roughly translated to awe- probably a good time to come up stamina and stoicism. the animal has been used in English some or awe-inspiring, no exact ori- with appropriate Lunar New Year In Chinese, we have similar bull by the horn financial terms such as cash cow, a gin can be found, but it can probably greetings. The Chinese character expressions, but with an ingenious business able to produce steady be traced to the phrase chui niupi, niu has now developed suggestions gift in exaggeration shown by income, and the bull market, which “to inflate a cow”, meaning to brag of “awesomeness” in the linguistic ancient people, one ox seems far has been adopted in China with its about one’s abilities. context. from enough. The idiom “tall as an literal translation niushi. Appropri- In some regions along the Yellow Calling someone a niuren means ox and big as a horse” describes a tall ately, given the animal’s positive River, leather rafts were used as a they are awesome. Wishing some- and strong person, and “strength of connotations in Chinese culture. means of transport, which required one niuyun means you hope they nine oxen and two tigers” means It is interesting, however, that the blowing air into a complete set of have a marvelous fortune. Now for spending tremendous strength and ox is also used to describe the maca- animal skin so that the inflated the fun part. You could simply adopt effort. bre figures in both Chinese and sacks could support the raft to float the expression with a little word- The magnitude of the ox has English context. In the English idi- on water. Usually sheepskin was play, popular online twelve years extended to expressions about the om “the black ox trod on one’s foot”, used, because cow skins were too big ago, and bound to be again — Happy amount of human labor and tech- the black ox is a metaphor for a to inflate without external tools, niu Year. nique involved in slaughtering demon or bad luck. hence the expression. Comparing the phrases and idi- them. The idiom “try the knife for The Chinese idiom “ox-head and Therefore, because inflating a cow oms about this animal in Chinese slaughtering cattle”, for example, horse­face”, which uses vividly gro- skin is such a remarkable feat, the and English, interesting generalities means a capable person showing tesque imagery to portray devils in shortened version niupi and the and particularities emerge in its rich their talent by handling little things.
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