David Vaughan Papers DV/

David Vaughan, architect, agent and surveyor, of and of Llwynglas, Peterston-super-Ely, practised from c. 1840 to 1891 when the series of diaries and notebooks recording his professional activities cease. His assets on death were audited in September 1905, and it can, therefore, be assumed that his death occurred in that year. The present collection consists of architectural drawings covering mainly the Vale of , and notebooks, diaries and account books recording his professional activities.

Diaries, Account Books, Agency Papers etc.

Diaries and Notebooks DV/1/1-32 Diaries 1860-1891 [The diaries are ‘scribbling diaries’, containing weekly pages. They form a chronological record of Vaughan’s personal and professional activities.] [32 vols]

DV/2/1-32 Notebooks 1841 – 1891 [The notebooks are essentially very rough memoranda books and contain rough sketches, details of rents due and expenses] [3 vols]

DV/3 Pocket diary (issued by Eastern and Associated Telegraph 1905 Companies) [1 vol]

DV/4/1-4 Letter Books 1845 – 1889 1845-47 1853-56 1856-59 1878-89 [4 vols]

DV/5 Rough notes on Dynevor Castle (co. Carms.), 1867 [1 vol]

Financial Papers DV/6 Certified bills book 1853 – 1887 [At end of vol: copies of agreements to rent cottages belonging to admiral sir Geo. Tyler of Cottrell, 1853 – 66] [1 vol]

DV/7/1,2 Estimate books, 1841 – 51, 1864 – 91 1841 – 1891 [These books, although labelled ‘Estimates’ contain miscellaneous matter such as copies of leases, and notes of rent paid.] David Vaughan Papers DV/

[2 vols]

DV/8 Estimate for repairing dilapidation at Castle n.d [1 file]

DV/9 Expenses book 1842-1890 [This book is arranged alphabetically under name of clients and contains miscellaneous matter] [1 vol]

DV/10 Expenses book 1889 – 1895 [This book covers personal items only] [1 vol]

DV/11 Expenses book for Llwynglas [residence of David 1880-1885 Vaughan] [1 vol]

DV/12/1, 2 Balance sheet of estate of David Vaughan (decd.), 20 1905 Sept. 1905. Also: covering letter to Mrs. David Vaughan [?wid.], 27 Dec. 1905 [1 file, 1 paper]

Agency Papers

Fynnowen Estate DV/13/1 Account book [?belonging to Evan Samuel], 1815 - 1834 [1 vol]

DV/13/2 Rental 1864 – 1886 [At end of Vol: letter book, 1867 – 1891] [1 vol]

Llanharry Estate DV/14/1 Rental 1870 – 1886 [1 vol]

DV/14/2 Letter book 1873-1879 [1 vol]

Newton Estate DV/15/1,2 Rentals 1868-1886 [2 vols]

DV/15/3 Letter book and accounts 1888-1892 [1 vol]

David Vaughan Papers DV/

Pendoylan House Estates DV/16/1 Account Book 1871 - 1889 [1 vol]

DV/16/2 Tithe charges receipt counterfoils, 13 June 1892- 6 Aug. 1892-1907 1907 [1 bundle]

DV/16/3 Rental form [blank] and agreements to lease buildings 1860-1870 [blank] [1 bundle]

Printed Material DV/17 Holy Bible [Authorised Version] n.d [c.1880] [Inscribed: ‘Beatie Vaughan’] [1 vol]

DV/18 Penn, Samuel: Tables shewing the weight of different 1834 lengths of round, square, flat, bar & cast iron…. 3rd ed., 1834 [Inscribed: ‘David Vaughan’] [1 vol]

DV/19 Programme for meeting of delegates from Scientific Aug 1880 Societies to the British Association [1 vol]

DV/20 Rouse, Rolla: The Practical Man, or Legal and General 1845 Pocket Companion…. 5th ed., 1845 [Inscribed: ‘David Vaughan’] [1 vol]

DV/21 Shepherd, Tho. H., and Elmes, Jas.: Metropolitan 1828 Improvements or London in the Nineteenth Century: displayed in a series of views of new buildings, improvements…, [1 booklet]

Drawing Instruments DV/22 A pair of brass compasses, and five brass compass attachments in plywood case [?instruments used by David Vaughan]

Architectural plans and papers – Domestic Architecture

Aberdare DV/23/1-11 Glandare House: Tho. Wayne, esq.: plans for alterations: Sept 1863 David Vaughan Papers DV/

1” to 8’ [11 plans]

Bonvilston (See also DV 46/9, 64, 65, 66) DV/24/1 Bonvilson House: Jn. Bassett, esq.: map: 1” to 1 chain: c. 1815 [1 plan]

DV/24/2 Bonvilston House: plan of bases to [?antes] and columns n.d of portico, west front [1 plan]

DV/24/3-5 Bonvilston House: elevations and ground plan of 21 Apr. 1840 proposed gate and lodge for entrance to the seat of Tho. Bassett, esq. [3 plans]

DV/24/6 Ty Grose Cottage: plan (See also DV46/63) n.d [1 plan]

Bridgend DV/25/1-3 Two villas for D.A. Griffiths: 1” to 10’ Aug. 1843 [3 plans]

DV/25/4 Mr Hibbert’s House: plans: 2½” to 10’ n.d [1 plan]

DV/25/5-7 Mr. Price’s House: plans 1” to 10’ n.d [3 plans]

DV/25/8-14 House for Wm. Price: 1” to 8’ 19 June 1871 [7 plans]

Cardiff DV/26/1,2 Canton: cottages for Jn. Homfray, esq.: specification and 20 Jan. 1820 plan for alterations [1 paper, 1 plan]

DV/26/3 Charles Street: Wm Vachell’s House: plan: 1¼” to 10’ 6 Nov. 1850 [Seal of Corporation of Borough of Cardiff affixed to show approval of Local Board of Health] [1 plan]

DV/26/4 Crockherbtown: three houses and two gardens belonging 20 June 1833 to Jn. Bassett, esq., of Bonvilston; plan; 1” to 20’: [G.S. Strawson, surveyor] [1 plan]

DV/26/5 Guildford Street: elevation and ground plan for Mr. n.d Brailli [1 plan] David Vaughan Papers DV/

DV/26/6 The Hayes: Plan of Mrs. Kiddle’s house 14 May 1847 [Also; plan of stables for Rev. P. Ashmore, Perthkerry Rectory, 1841] [1 plan]

DV/26/7-13 Park Place: plans of Mr. Alexander’s house: 1” to 8’: Sep 1860 [7 plans]

Cowbridge DV/27/1 Llwynhelyg House: ground plan and elevation: 1” to 4’ Mar 1840 [1 plan]

DV/27/2,3 Newton House; front elevation and architectural detail Aug 1876 [2 plans]

Eglwysilan DV/28 Duffryn Ffrrwd: elevation; 1” to 4’ n.d [1 plan]

Ewenny DV/29/1-5 House at Brocastle for Adam Murray, esq.: plans: 2½” to n.d 10’ [5 plans]

Llancarfan DV/30/1-8 Parsonage: numbered plans: 1” to 8’ n.d [8 plans]

Llandaff DV/31/1-3 Fairwater House: plan and elevation for Mrs. David 1844 [3 plans]

DV/31/4 Residence of Jn. Homfray, esq.: ground plan of n.d alterations. [Also: Mr Jenkins’ St. Mellons Vicarage, Nov. 1846] [1 plan]

DV/31/5-12 Ely Rise House: plans n.d [8 plans]

DV/31/13-15 Villas for Wm. Richards; plans; 1” to 8’ n.d [3 plans]

31/16-18 Two villas for Watson and Co. at Maendy: plans and July 1864 specification: 1” to 8’ [1 paper, 2 plans]

Llandow DV/32/1-3 Rectory: letter concerning erection of and description of 1853 David Vaughan Papers DV/

present rectory [3 papers]

DV/32/4-9 Rectory: sketch plans for ‘intended rectory’: 1” to 8’ c. 1854 [endorsed on 1 plan: plans for Wm. Morgan, Caer gwanna, Feb. 1851] [6 plans]

DV/32/10-19 Rectory: plans and specifications, ‘first plans’: 1” to 8’ 1854 [ 3 files, 7 plans]

DV/32/20,21 Rectory: ground plan ‘Copy of Rectory’ 14 Mar. 1854 [2 plans]

DV/32/22-24 Mr. Redwood’s house: plans n.d [one plan endorsed: letter from M. Hopkin, 24 Dec. 1839] [3 plans]

Llanilid DV/33/1-4 Rectory; specification and plans for alteration: 1” to 8’ n.d [1 paper, 3 plans]

Llantrisant DV/34/1-3 Miskin Manor House: plans for additions Nov. 1864 [3 plans]

DV/34/4-12 Miskin Manor House: plans, elevations and details n.d c. 1864 [9 plans]

Llantrithyd DV/35/1 Rectory: copy plan: 1” to 8’ 1846 [1 plan]

DV/35/2-4 Tyvree [Tyfry]: plans of improvements: 2” to 8’ n.d [3 plans]

Neath DV/36/1-3 Shops for Mr. Hibbert: plans: 1” to 8’ 30 Aug. 1859 [2 papers, 1 plan]

Newton Nottage DV/37/1 Cottage for Mr. Watkin Bevan: specification n.d [ 1 paper]

DV/37/2 Cottage: copy plan n.d [1 plan]

Penlline DV/38/1-3 Penlline Castle: drawings of doors and entrance hall 1839 [3 plans] David Vaughan Papers DV/

DV/38/4,5 Penlline Castle: plan of chimney, and side elevation 1848 [2 plans]

DV/38/6,7 House for L.F. Griffith, Ham (House?), near City 29 Oct. 1851 (Coity?) [2 plans]

Pentyrch DV/39/1 Vicarage: plan 8 Feb. 1850 [1 plan]

DV/39/2 Hendrescythan: details of windows n.d [1 plan]

St. Bride’s Major DV/40 : elevation of a house n.d [1 plan]

St. Bride’s Minor DV/41/1-4 Clemenstone Lodge: plans Jan. 1868 [4 plans]

St. Nicholas DV/42/1-4 Llwynglas: plan 1882 [1 plan]

DV/42/2-4 Cottrell: drawings of cornices, portico and collonade n.d [3 plans] See also DV 46/18

Welsh St. Donat’s DV/43/1-3 Caercady: plans of cottages, 1880 [1 plan]

Whitchurch DV/44/1-5 Cottage for T. W. Booker, esq.: plans: 1½” to 10’ n.d [5 plans]

DV/44/6-8 House for T. W. Booker, esq.: plans: 1½” to 10’ n.d [3 plans]

DV/44/9,10 Lodge for T. W. Booker esq.: plans and elevation: 1” to n.d 6’ [2 plans]

DV/44/11-24 Velindra: plans and specifications for stable, harness n.d room, dairy and granary for T. W. Booker, esq.: 2” to 10’ [1 file, 13 plans]

DV/44/23-35 Velindra: drawings of dome, portico and architectural 1845-1851 details David Vaughan Papers DV/

[11 plans]

Plans identified by name of owner only DV/45/1 Mr. Franklin: plan of cottages: 1” to 8’ Mar. 1871 [1 plan]

DV/45/2 Mr. Wm. Hale: ground plan of house n.d [1 plan]

DV/45/3 Arch. Hood, esq.: plan of detail of arched entrance to n.d verandah: 1” to 1’ [1 plan]

DV/45/4,5 Miss Entwistle: plan of alteration to cottage 7 Apr. 1854 [2 plans]

Plans of unidentified houses DV/46/1-66 Plans of unidentified houses n.d [66 plans]

DV/46/67 Sea lawn: south elevation n.d [1 plan]

Plans of Architectural details DV/47/1-5 Plans of entrance gates [including those at Cottrell, 1855 Miskin, Pen-y-Graig and Tythegston] [5 plans]

DV/47/6-8 Plans of cornices n.d [3 plans]

DV/47/9-11 Plans of doorways n.d [3 plans]

DV/47/12 Plan of pediment n.d [1 plan]

DV/47/13 Plan of Roman Ionic column and entablature n.d [On reverse: detail of elevation of house] [1 plan]

DV/47/14, 15 Plans of details and sections of windows n.d [2 plans]

Out- County

Brecknockshire DV/47/1-7 Llanelly David Vaughan Papers DV/

Rectory: Plans for the Rev. Arthur Griffith: 1” to 8’ 21 May 1853 [7 plans]

Cardigan DV/47/8-12 Newcastle Emlyn Mount Guernos House: plans: 1 Sept 1882 [Also, plans of Taplow House, Berks.] [5 plans]

Monmouthshire DV/48/13 Chepstow Hardwick House: elevation: 2½” to 10’ n.d [1 plan]

DV/48/14-20 Grosmont 1858 Rectory: plans and specifications for the rev. W. H. Twyning: 1” to 10’ [2 papers, 5 plans]

DV/48/21-29 St. Mellons 24 Nov. 1846 Vicarage: plans for improvements: 1” to 8’ [9 plans]

Bridgend DV/49/1,2 Baptist Chapel: West elevation and detail of capitals: 1” n.d to 5’ [2 plans]

DV/50 Baptist Chapel: copy of east elevation n.d [1 plan]

DV/51/1,2 Wesleyan Chapel: specification and plan for erecting n.d gallery [1 plan; 1 paper]

DV/52/1-8 Llandow Church: plans and elevations: 1” to 4’ Feb. 1853 [4 plans; 4 papers]

DV/53/1-12 Llanharry Oct. 1866 Church: specification, plans and elevations: 1” to 5’ [7 plans; 5 papers]

Llantwit-juxta-Neath DV/54/1-3 Church: report and plans of present state of church by Jan. 1857 Egbert Moxham Neath: 1” to 10’ [1 file; 2 plans] David Vaughan Papers DV/

DV/55/1-9 Specification and plans for alteration: 1” to 10’ 1858 [4 papers; 5 plans]

Merthyr Tydfil DV/56/1-9 ‘Grecian’ Church: specification and plans 25 Mar. 1841 [1 paper; 8 plans]

DV/57/1-19 ‘Gothic’ Church: letter, specifications and plans 1841, 1843 [5 papers; 14 plans]

Michaelston-super-Ely DV/53/1-3 Church: report and plans for repair 1862 [1 paper; 2 plans]

Peterston-super-Ely DV/59/1-6 Church: Plans and specifications 25 Mar 1860 [Endorsed: sections showing proposed bridge and approaches at Peterston-super-Ely: Henry Voss, Llantrisant, 21 July 1858] [2 papers; 4 plans]

St George’s [-super-Ely] DV/60/1-8 Church: plans and drawings of architectural detail n.d [8 plans]

St Hilary DV/61/1-8 Church: Plans and drawings of architectural detail 1860-61 [8 plans]

St Nicholas DV/62 Church: drawing of porch n.d [1 plan]

Out-County

Bristol DV/63/1,2 St. John’s Church, King’s Parade, Clifton: specification n.d for and engraving of proposed church [2 papers]

Glousestershire DV/64 Cheltenham: Christ church: engraving of elevation n.d [1 paper]

Unidentified Plans DV/65/1-3 St. Lukes, Old Street: plans and elevations [3 plans]

DV/66/1-6 Plans and elevations of unidentified churches David Vaughan Papers DV/

[6 plans]

Architectural plans and papers – public buildings

Bridgend DV/67/1,2 Station house and town hall: letter concerning erection 29 May 1843 [2 papers]

DV/68/1-5 Proposed constabulary station house: preliminary remarks n.d [c.1843] and plans: 1½” to 10’ [1 paper; 4 plans]

DV/69 Police station house: ground plan, n.d [c. 1843] [1 plan]

DV/70/1-8 Proposed town hall and police station house: numbered n.d [c. 1843] plans countered-signed by Rich. Franklen and specification [first page missing] and address to the subscribers to erect town hall. [5 plans; 1 file; 2 papers]

DV/71 Combined town hall and station house: ground plan n.d [c. 1843] [1 plan]

DV/72/1-12 Town hall: plans and details n.d [c. 1843] [12 plans]

Cardiff DV/73 Glass works: plans and elevation n.d [1 plan]

DV/74/1-9 Glamorgan and Monmouthshire infirmary erected at the 1837 expense of Daniel Jones, esq., plan and details. [9 plans]

DV/75 Cardiff Science and Art Schools: sections of rectangular 7 Dec. 1837 window, signed Wilmot Hugh Vaughan, ‘Enlargement from Thomas Richards’: 2” to 1’ [1 plan]

Cowbridge DV/76 Town hall: proposed alteration July 1848 [1 plan]

DV/77/1-4 Bank: plans: 1” to 8’ 1858 [4 plans]

Llantrisant DV/78/1-3 Gelli’r haidd public house: plans 1875 David Vaughan Papers DV/

[3 plans]

DV/79/1,2 Griffin Hotel, Hendreforgan: proposed plans for Sam. 1875 Diamond [2 plans]

Merthyr Tydfil DV/80 Police station house: longitudinal section: 1” to 7’ n.d [1 plan]

Swansea DV/81 Town hall: elevations: 1” to 16’ n.d [1 plan]

Unidentified plans DV/82/1-3 Bank: plans n.d [3 plans]

DV/83/1-4 Police station houses: plans and elevations n.d [4 plans]

DV/84 Public house: plan n.d [1 plan]

DV/85/1-4 Town hall: plan and elevation n.d [4 plans]

Architectural plans and papers - Schools

Bettws DV/86 Infant school: plan: 1” to 4’ 1847 [School built Mar. to Oct. 1849] [On dorse: proposed school plan for and copy of Mrs Kittle’s land in Cardiff] [1 plan]

Bridgend DV/87/1-5 School adjoining Methodist Chapel, North Street, May 1861 Bridgend: Correspondence concerning and plans [1 paper; 4 plans]

Cardiff DV/88 Infant school between Trinity Street and Working street, July 1855 property of sir J. J. Guest, bart,: plan: 1” to 16’ [Also: detail of Mr Alexander’s window] [1 plan]

Llandow DV/89/1-4 School: letter specification and plans 1870-72 David Vaughan Papers DV/

[2 papers; 1 plan; 1 envelope]

Llansannor and DV/90/1-12 School: specification and plans: 1” to 8’ Nov. 1859 [3 papers; 9 plans]

DV/91 Copy of plan of school Feb. 1871 [1 plan]

DV/92 National School statement of expenditure 1870 – 74 [1 paper]

DV/93/1,2 Additions to school: specification and plan: 1” to 8’ n.d [1 paper; 1 plan]

Newton Nottage DV/94/1-7 School: plans: 1” to 6’ 16 June 1847 [7 plans]

DV/95 Present school house: plan: 1” to 4’ 29 July 1848 [1 plan]

Unidentified plans DV/96/1-3 Elevations of schools n.d [3 plans]

Architectural Plans and Papers – Farm Buildings

Bonvilston DV/97/1-3 Bonvilston cottage: specification and plans for stable and 2 Apr. 1852 coach house for Mrs. Bassett: 1” to 6’ [1 paper; 2 plans]

DV/98 Farm buildings: ground plan for sir Geo. Tyler May 1848 [1 plan]

Llanblethian DV/99 Tree Hill waggon house: plan: 1” to 8’ May 1848 [1 plan]

DV/100 Trerhingyll stable: plan and elevation 1846 [1 plan]

Llancarfan DV/101 Leigh castle: ground plan and elevation of cattle shed: 1” 1867 to 4’ [1 plan]

DV/102/1,2 Walterstone farm buildings: specification and plan for 1884 David Vaughan Papers DV/

David Jenkins, esq.: 1” to 8’ [1 paper; 1 plan]

Llandough DV/103 Stable: ground plan and elevation n.d [1 plan]

Llandyfodwg DV/104 Brynwyth Farm buildings: ground plan for Sir Ivor Guest: July 1853 1” to 8’ [1 plan]

Llanharry DV/105/1-5 Brigham and Six Wells farm buildings: ground plan and 5 Aug. 1845 elevation for Sir Josiah Jn. Guest, bart: 1” to 6’ [5 plans]

DV/106 Cae Coed stables and drains: plan for Wm. Alexander, 1860 esq.: 1” to 4’ [1 plan]

DV/107 Trecastle Waggon house: plan: 1” to 4’ 12 June 1869 [On dorse: Tylygarw: plan of house: Feb. 1858] [1 plan]

DV/108/1,2 Tydu farm house and buildings: plans and elevations: 1” Apr. 1868 to 8’ [On dorse: Red Lion, Pendoylan: plan of shed for cows] [2 plans]

DV/109 Tydu cowhouse and barn: ground plan May 1870 [1 plan]

Llanilid DV/110 Llanilid stable: ground plan and elevation for the rev. 26 July 1853 Tho. M. Davies, M.A.: 1” to 8’ [On dorse: sketch of canton shed] [1 plan]

Newton Nottage DV/111 Farm buildings intended to be built for sir J. J. Guest, 14 Dec. 1849 bart.: 1” to 6’ [On dorse: plan for Watkin Bevan house for Newton, Sir J.J. Guest. Jan 1850] [1 plan]

DV/112 Farm house and buildings intended for Newton, for sir J. n.d [c. 1851] J. Guest, bart.: plan 1” to 16’ [1 plan]

David Vaughan Papers DV/

DV/113/1-3 Farm house: specifications and plans: 1” to 16’: May 1852 [3 plans]

DV/114/1-5 Farm house: specifications and plans: 1” to 16’ 17 Jan. 1861 [1 paper; 4 plans]

DV/115/1-15 Farm house and buildings: specification and plans for sir 1862 – 63 I. B. Guest, bart. [2 papers; 13 plans]

Peterston-super- Ely DV/116/1,2 Pwllymin stable: plans n.d [2 plans]

St. Andrews Major DV/117/1,2 Biglis Farm: ground plan of farm buildings for Rich. 21 July 1849 Bassett, esq.: 1” to 4’ [2 plans]

DV/118/1,2 Biglis Stable: specification and plans for Rich. Bassett 10 Oct. 1850 esq.: 1” to 4’ [1 paper; 1 plan]

St Athan DV/119 Stable: plan for rev. Mr Rayer 23 July 1853 [1 plan]

DV/120 Orchard Farm: plan of stable and shed 12 Aug. 1881 [1 plan]

Sully DV/121/1-3 Cog farm: sketch plans for alterations: 1” to 16’ 4 Oct. 1850 [3 plans]

DV/122/1-10 Cog farm: specification and plans for alterations to farm 13 Aug. 1851 house and buildings for sir J. J. Guest, bart.: [5 papers; 1 plan]

Whitchurch DV/123 Greenmeadow stables: east elevation n.d [1 plan]

Out-County

Wimborne, Dorset DV/124 Farm buildings: plan for Jn. Payne, esq., Canford, near Apr. 1860 Wimborne [1 plan]

David Vaughan Papers DV/

Malmesbury, Wiltshire DV/125 Kennel: ground plan and elevation for Jn. Sam. Gibbon, 1868 esq., King’s Arms, Malmesbury [1 plan]

Unidentified plans DV/126 Farm buildings n.d [1 plan]

DV/127 Stable and brewhouse n.d [1 plan]

Architectural Plans and Papers - Miscellaneous

Bonvilston DV/128 Plan of fields n.d [1 plan]

Cardiff DV/129 Street plan of part of dock area including Bute Street n.d [1 plan]

Coity DV/130 Plan of building land n.d [1 plan]

Llanblethian DV/131/1,2 Valuation and plan of land belonging to the poor in the 4 Nov. 1865 parish [1 paper; 1 plan]

Llanharan DV/132 Map of Park Back, the property of Jn. Samuel, esq.: H. P. n.d Goode, Surveyor, Haverfordwest: 1” to 3 chains [1 plan]

Llanharry DV/133 Cwm Grain: conditions for letting at rent of £10.10s p.a. 1864 by Jn. Sam. Gibbon, esq., to Dan. Richards. [1 paper]

DV/134 Trecastle Railway siding; Long Lands, Llanvithin; Leigh n.d Castle Farm; Pentre Farm: plans with schedules of acreage [1 plan]

Llanilid DV/135 Field map of parish n.d [1 plan] David Vaughan Papers DV/

Llantrisant DV/136/1-3 Certificate of fitness of two houses at Cross Vane on the 19 June 1861 land of sir Ivor B. Guest, bart., [3 papers]

Pencoed DV/137 Plan of building ground 1860 [1 plan]

Nash DV/138 Plan showing plots of land n.d [1 plan]

Ephemera

DV/139/1-4 Young Ladies’ Home Journal: design for cheval screen, 1 1870s May 1872; 2 fashion plates, June 1875 and Christmas 1877; supplement on Poonah painting, nd. [4 papers]

DV/140 Illustrated London News: Extra supplement: Engraving of 3 July 1875 The Last Day in Old England by C. J. Staniland. [1 paper]

DV/141 Schedule of prices for ‘prepared joiners’ work’ by n.d Messrs. James and Price, Canal Wharf East, Cardiff [1 paper]

DV/142 Sketches of boxes, hats and profiles n.d [1 paper]