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Amphibians of Agro-Climatic Zones of Maharashtra with Updated Checklist for the State Rec. zool. Surv. India: Vol 120(1)/ 33-40, 2020 ISSN (Online) : 2581-8686 DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v120/i1/2020/131811 ISSN (Print) : 0375-1511 Amphibians of Agro-Climatic Zones of Maharashtra with Updated Checklist for the State Sreejith Sreekumar and K. P. Dinesh* Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Western Regional Centre (WRC), Pune − 411044, Maharashtra, India; Email: [email protected] Abstract So far, 52 species of Amphibia are known from Maharashtra. Considering the subsequent findings and eliminating the inaccuracies found in that checklist, the current checklist proposes 43 species of Amphibia for the State with the categorization of the amphibian species according to agro-climatic zones of the state to facilitate the future conservation strategiesKeywords and: inventorization. Agro-Climatic Zones, Amphibia, Checklist, Maharashtra Introduction uttaraghati by Biju et al. (2014a); Indosylvirana caesari by Biju et al. (2014b); Indirana chiravasi by Padhye, Modak, Amphibian research in the State of Maharashtra was and Dahanukar (2014); Hydrophylax bahuvistara by initiated in the late pre-independence era of British India. Padhye et al. (2015); Fejervarya cepfi by Garg and Biju The first species of Amphibia described from the state was (2017); Sphaerotheca pashchima by Padhye et al. (2017) Indirana leithii (as Rana leithii) from Matheran, Bombay and Fejervarya marathi by Phuge et al. (2019). To date, Presidency by Boulenger (1888) followed by Fejervarya a total of 20 species (18 are valid species) of amphibians syhadrensis (as Rana limnocharis syhadrensis) from the are described from the political boundaries of the Poona and Nasik districts by Annandale in 1919 (Dinesh Maharashtra (Dinesh et al., 2019; Frost, 2019). et al., 2019; Frost, 2019). The first amphibian checklist of Maharashtra was In the post-independence era of India, the first made by Padhye and Ghate (2012) based on published species of amphibian described from Maharashtra was literature and their field studies between 1990 to 2011. Nyctibatrachus humayuni by Bhaduri and Kripalani They documented 52 species classified under 2 orders, 9 (1955). This was followed by Indotyphlus battersbyi families and 22 genera. Among the 52 species documented by Taylor (1960); Xanthophryne koynayensis (as Bufo 8 species and 2 genera turned out to be endemic to the koynayensis) by Soman (1963); Ansonia kamblei (now state. junior synonym of Duttaphrynus melanostictus) by Ravichandran and Pillai (1990); Gegeneophis danieli The landscape of India is highly heterogeneous by Giri, Wilkinson and Gower (2003); Gegeneophis from the coastal plains to the high elevated mountain seshachari by Ravichandran, Gower and Wilkinson hill ranges directly influenced by different climate and (2003); Indotyphlus maharashtraensis by Giri, Gower climatic seasons (Gajbhiye & Mandal, 2000). India has and Wilkinson (2004); Xanthophryne tigerinus by Biju et been classified into 15 different Agro-Climatic Zones al. (2009); Pseudophilautus amboli by Biju and Bossuyt in 1998 by the Planning commission of India based on (2009); Nyctibatrachus danieli by Biju et al. (2011); the bioclimatic classification and land suitability for Raorchestes ghatei by Padhye et al. (2013); Micrixalus agriculture (FAO, 1983; Subramaniam, 1983; Krishnan, * Author for correspondence Article Received on: 21.09.2018 Accepted on: 25.06.2019 Amphibians of Agro-Climatic Zones of Maharashtra with Updated Checklist for the State 1988; Venkateswarlu et al., 1996; Gajbhiye & Mandal, Material and Methods 2000; Mandal, et al., 2016). The mapping and classification of Amphibian diversity Physiographically the Maharashtra can be divided into presented here are based on Padhye & Ghate (2012); three major regions, the Konkan (Konkan Coastal Strip), Dinesh et al. (2019); Frost (2019); Garg et al. (2018); the Deccan hill range or the Western Ghats (Sahyadri Phuge et al. (2019) the new species descriptions published Range) and the Maharashtra Plateau (Deccan Plateau). from the state in the recent past as well as the different Across these physiographic regions there is considerable agro-climatic zones (Table 2) (Dakhore et al., 2017; variation in the rainfall pattern which influences the Anonymous, 2013) made for the Maharashtra. vegetation and other edaphic factors; accordingly the state has been divided in to nine different agro-climatic zones (Table 1) (Dakhore et al., 2017; Anonymous, 2013). Results There have been no specific reports of Amphibian species Since amphibians are considered as ‘ecological from an Agro-climatic zone perspective / classification indicators’ (Simon et al., 2011) their presence or absence so far from Maharashtra. Therefore here we assign the adds value to the ecosystem they inhibit. With this species known so far from the state to the various agro- backdrop, a maiden attempt has been made here to climatic zones in Maharashtra (Figure 1). categorize the amphibian diversity in the nine different agro-climatic zones of Maharashtra based on literature In the present analysis for anuran species Duttaphrynus studies and our field observations. melanostictus, D. scaber, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, Fejervarya granosa, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Sphaerotheca pashchima, Table 1. Agro-climatic zones of Maharashtra (Dakhore et al., 2017; Anonymous, 2013) (Figure 1). Amphibian species diversity in Sl. Agro-climatic zones in Maharashtra Name of the Zone numbers (percentage to total No. state diversity) Very high rainfall zone with lateritic soils 1. South Konkan Coastal Zone 20 (47.6%) (VRL) Very high rainfall zone with non lateritic 2. North Konkan Coastal Zone 14 (33.3%) soils (VRN) 3. Ghat Zone (GH) Western Ghat Zone / Ghat zone 36 (83.7%) Sub Montane Zone/ Transition 4. Transition Zone 1 (TR1) 15 (35.7%) Zone 1 Western Maharashtra Plain Zone / 5. Transition Zone 2 (TR2) 14 (33.3%) Transition-2 Western Maharashtra Scarcity 6. Scarcity Zone (SC) 11 (26.2%) Zone/ Scarcity Zone Central Maharashtra Plateau Zone / 7. Assured Rainfall Zone (AR) 11 (26.2%) Assured Rainfall Zone Central Vidarbha Zone /Zone of 8. Moderate Rainfall Zone (MR) 13 (31.0%) Moderate Rainfall High Rainfall Zone with soils from mixed Eastern Vidharbha Zone/ High 9. 13 (31.0%) parent material (HRM) Rainfall Zone 34 Vol 120(1) | 2020 | www.recordsofzsi.com Zoological Survey of India Sreejith Sreekumar and K. P. Dinesh Table 2. Updated checklist of amphibians of Maharashtra considered under the nine different agro-climatic zones of Maharashtra Sl. IUCN Red List Family Species VRL# VRN# GH# TR1# TR2# SC# AR# MR# HRM# No. Category Duttaphrynus 1. Bufonidae melanostictus LC yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes (Schneider, 1799) Duttaphrynus scaber 2. Bufonidae LC yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes (Schneider, 1799) Duttaphrynus 3. Bufonidae stomaticus (Lutken, LC no no no yes yes no no no no 1864) Pedostibes tuberculosus 4. Bufonidae EN no no yes no no no no no no Gunther, 1875 Xanthophryne 5. Bufonidae koynayensis (Soman, EN no no yes no no no no no no 1963)* Xanthophryne tigerina Biju, Bocxlaer, Giri, 6. Bufonidae CE no no yes no no no no no no Loader & Bossuyt, 2009* Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis 7. Dicroglossidae LC yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes (Schneider, 1799) Fejervarya cepfi Garg 8. Dicroglossidae NA yes yes yes no no no no no no & Biju, 2017 Fejervarya gomantaki Dinesh, Vijayakumar, 9. Dicroglossidae Channakeshavamurthy, NA yes no yes no no no no no no Toreskar, Kulkarni & Shankar, 2015 Fejervarya granosa Kuramoto, Joshy, 10. Dicroglossidae NA yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Kurabayashi & Sumida, 2007 Fejervarya marathi Phuge, Dinesh, 11. Dicroglossidae NA no no yes no no no no no no Andhale, Hakare & Pandit, 2019* Fejervarya syhadrensis 12. Dicroglossidae LC yes yes yes yes yes no no no no (Annandale, 1919) Hoplobatrachus 13. Dicroglossidae tigerinus (Daudin, LC yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 1802) Sphaerotheca dobsonii 14. Dicroglossidae LC yes no no no no no no no no (Boulenger, 1882) Vol 120(1) | 2020 | www.recordsofzsi.com Zoological Survey of India 35 Amphibians of Agro-Climatic Zones of Maharashtra with Updated Checklist for the State Sphaerotheca pashchima Padhye, 15. Dicroglossidae Dahanukar, Sulakhe, NA yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Dandekar, Limaye & Jamdade, 2017 Micrixalus uttaraghati Biju, Garg, Gururaja, 16. Micrixalidae NA no no yes no no no no no no Souche & Walujkar, 2014* Microhyla nilphamariensis 17. Microhylidae Howlader, Nair, NA yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Gopalan & Merilä, 2015 Microhyla ornata 18. Microhylidae (Dumeril & Bibron, LC yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 1841) Microhyla rubra 19. Microhylidae LC no no no yes no no no no no (Jerdon, 1854) Uperodon globulosus 20. Microhylidae LC yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes (Gunther, 1864) Uperodon mormorata 21. Microhylidae EN no no yes no no no no no no (Rao, 1937) Uperodon systoma 22. Microhylidae LC no no no yes yes no no no no (Schneider, 1799) Uperodon taprobanicus 23. Microhylidae LC no no no no no no no yes yes (Parker, 1934) Uperodon variegatus 24. Microhylidae LC no no no no no no no yes yes (Stoliczka, 1872) Nyctibatrachus danieli Biju, Bocxlaer, Mahony, Dinesh, 25. Nyctibatrachidae NA no no yes no no no no no no Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri & Bossuyt, 2011* Nyctibatrachus 26. Nyctibatrachidae humayuni Bhaduri & VU yes no yes no no no no no no Kripalani, 1955* Nyctibatrachus petraeus 27. Nyctibatrachidae LC no no yes no no no no no no Das & Kunte, 2005 Clinotarsus curtipes 28. Ranidae NT no no yes no no no no no no (Jerdon, 1853) 36 Vol 120(1) | 2020 | www.recordsofzsi.com Zoological Survey of India Sreejith Sreekumar and K. P. Dinesh Hydrophylax bahuvistara Padhye, 29. Ranidae NA yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Jadhav, Modak, Nameer & Dahanukar, 2015 Indosylvirana caesari (Biju, Garg, Mahony, 30. Ranidae Wijayathilak, NA no no yes no no no no no no Senevirathne & Meegaskumbura, 2014) Indirana chiravasi 31 Ranixalidae Padhye, Modak & NA no no yes no no no no no no Dahanukar, 2014* Indirana leithii 32.
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